Identity

INDEX

The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

Abe, Shinzō

Abrajano, Marisa

Affordable Care Act

Afghanistan

African-Americans; see also civil rights movement; police violence; white nationalism

African National Congress

Agudath Israel

Alawites

Algeria

al-Qaeda

Alsace

Alternative for Germany

anti-Semitism

Arab Spring; civil wars following

Argentina

art

Assad, Bashar al-

Assad, Hafiz al-

assimilation; deterrents to; failed; successful

Augustine (Saint)

Australia

Austria

Austro-Hungarian Empire

authoritarianism; in Arab world; in China

autonomy; for cultures that impinge on autonomy

Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-

Bahrain

Balkans

Bangladesh

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok)

Beauvoir, Simone de

Belgium

Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine

Benjamin, Walter

Beyond Good and Evil (Nietzsche)

Bharatiya Janata Party (India)

bin Laden, Osama

Bismarck

Black Lives Matter

Black Panthers

Borders, William Holmes, Sr.

Bouazizi, Mohamed

Bouyeri, Mohammed

Brave New World (Huxley)

Brazil

Brexit; roots of

Britain; economic inequality in; industrialization in; Islamist violence in; nationalism avoided by; nationalism embraced by; segregated schools in

Brown, Michael

Buddhism, politicized

California Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem

Canada; Francophones in

capitalism, see market economy

Catalonia

Catholic Church

Césaire, Aimé

Charlie Hebdo

Chávez, Hugo

checks and balances; misuse of

Chile

China: as authoritarian; constitution of; ethnicity in; market economy in; middle class in; national identity in; nationalism in; productivity in; resentment in; social media in; urbanization of

choice, moral; created by urbanization; dignity and; lack of in Calvinism

Christianity: freedom in; interiority in; as lineage of dignity in constitutions; moral choice in; questioning of; in Syria; therapeutic model adopted by

Church Growth Movement

citizenship; see also immigration

civil rights movement; goals of

class: in classical world; coalitions impeded by; emergence of; extreme divisions between, see economic inequality; see also elites; poor people

Coates, Ta-Nehisi

Cold War

collectivities, identities of; see also identity politics; Islamism; nationalism

colonialism; aftermath of; critique of

Communism: alienation and; collapse of; frozen political development after; productivity under

Confederacy

Confessions (Augustine)

conformity; rejection of; society’s demand for

Conservative Party (British)

constitutions; of U.S.

Corbyn, Jeremy

corruption

Council of Ministers (EU)

Cramer, Katherine

Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John

Critique of Pure Reason (Kant)

Cuba

cultural appropriation

cyberpunk

Damas, Léon

Danish People’s Party

Declaration of Independence

deconstructionism

deindustrialization, social ills following

democracy (modern liberal); as active; civil discourse in; constitutions in; creedal identities in, see national identity; decline of left in; dignity in; economic growth in; failure to live up to ideals by; freedom in; global decline of; human potential movement in; irrationality as beneficial to; Jews as bearers of; moral confusion in; moral core of; multiculturalism in; national identity in; nationalism within; nations predating; outlets for megalothymia in; policies to improve; political correctness in; rise of isothymia in; social movements in; states required for; taken for granted; therapeutic model adopted by; third wave of

Democratic Party (U.S.)

Deng Xiaoping

Denmark

Diamond, Larry

Diderot

dignity; Christian concepts of; conferred on groups; in constitutions; moral choice and; scapegoating to create sense of; status and; universalizing of; virtue and; work as necessary to; see also recognition

Discourse on the Origins of Inequality (Rousseau)

diversity; backlash against; national identity and; see also immigration

Doonesbury

Douglas, Stephen

drug epidemics

dual citizenship

Duke, David

Duterte, Rodrigo

dystopian fiction

East Asia

Eastern Europe; democracy taken for granted in; emigration from

economic inequality; decline of left despite; globalization and; mitigation of; in U.S.

economic motivation, as masked demand for recognition

economic theory

economies, informal

economies, market, see market economy

education: economic inequality and; national identity aided by; national identity hindered by

Egypt

elites; in classical world; cosmopolitanism of; economic development sought by; feminism driven by; globalization and; middle-class resentment of; nationalist; status desired by; in Thailand; in Ukraine; in U.S.

Ellison, Ralph

End of History and the Last Man, The (Fukuyama)

Enlightenment; cultural left’s rejection of

Ennahda (Tunisia)

equality; dissatisfaction with; international right to; private property’s effect on; states rights trumped by; see also identity politics; rights

Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip

Erfahrung vs. Erlebnis

Erikson, Erik

Esalen Institute

Ethiopia

ethnic cleansing

Eurasian Economic Union

euro, crisis over

Euromaidan movement

Europe: assimilation in; citizenship in; colonization by; decline of left in; foreign-born population in; hate speech in; immigration debate in; modernization of; Muslims in; national ethnicities in; national identity in; nationalism in; refugees in

European Union; borders of; citizenship in; formation of; Greece’s insolvency and; nationalism kept in check by; political movements against, see Brexit; Ukraine and; as undemocratic; work week in

expressive individualism; development of

Farage, Nigel

fascism; see also nationalism

Federalist Papers

feminism; recognition at root of; on sexual violence

Ferrara, Federico

Ferrell, Will

Fidesz (Hungary)

financial crises of 2008

Fortuyn, Pim

France; Britain and; colonies of; Germany and; languages in; May 1968 in; Muslims in; national identity in; nationalism avoided by; nationalism in; religion in; Socialist Party in

Frank, Robert

freedom; collective, see identity politics; Islamism; nationalism; see also autonomy

Freedom Party (Austrian)

Freedom Party (Dutch)

free speech, identity politics as threat to

French Revolution; identity politics after; as both nationalist and universalist; as triggered by middle class; universal selfhood and

Freud, Sigmund

Frontex

Gandhi

Garner, Eric

gay rights movement; Muslims vs.

Gellner, Ernest

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Georgia, (country), “color revolutions” in

German Writings (Lagarde)

Germany; citizenship requirements of; class in; constitution of; emigrants from; France and; Greece and; Muslims in; national identity in; nationalism in; Social Democrats in; social movements in; unification of; West

Gibson, William

globalization; inequality and

Goethe

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Great Recession

Greece

Groundwork to a Metaphysics of Morals (Kant)

guest workers

Habsburg Empire

Hajnal, Zoltan

Hamdi, Faida

Hamilton, Alexander(6)

happiness; society’s ruining of

Hegel; on end of history; on human nature; on recognition

Herder, Johann Gottfried von

hijab

history, Hegelian-Marxist definition of

Hitler, Adolf; ethnic cleansing by; intellectual lineage of; self-actualization of

Hobbes, Thomas; on human nature

Hochschild, Arlie

Hofmannsthal, Hugo von

homelessness

Hour of Power (Schuller)

human nature: Christian theories of; economic theories of; philosophical theories of; psychological theories of

human potential movement

Hungary; nationalism in

Huntington, Samuel

Huxley, Aldous

Iceland

ideas, primacy of

identity; difficulty of compromise about; emotionality of; key elements of; modernization’s effect on; national, see national identity; proliferation of; Reformation’s effect on; Rousseau on; trust and

identity politics; based on national group; based on religion; concerns with; definition of; embraced by right wing; individual vs. collective; left-right spectrum vs.; lived experience at root of; necessity of; rise of; technological change and; therapeutic model and; thymos and; as umbrella for current political struggles; unavoidability of

immigration; globalization and; political movements against; political movements for; undocumented

India; national identity in

indigenous peoples

individualism; development of

Indonesia

industrialization, nationalism spurred by

interest groups, reform inhibited by

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

intersectionality

Invictus (film)

Invisible Man (Ellison)

Iran

Iraq; politicized religion in

Ireland; constitution of; emigrants from

Islamism; Arab Spring and; as identity politics

Islamic State; resentment and

isothymia; see also equality

Israel

Italy

Jackson, Jesse

Japan; immigration to; national identity in

Jay, John

Jefferson, Thomas

Jews: antipathy toward; support for

jihadis; see also Islamism

Jordan

judicial systems, independent

justice; equal pay as marker of; therapeutic model’s indifference to; undermined by narcissism

Justice and Development Party (Turkey)

Kaczynski, Jaroslaw

Kafka, Franz

Kahneman, Daniel

Kant, Immanuel; on equality; on moral choice

Kennedy, Anthony

Kenya

Kepel, Gilles

Khrushchev, Nikita

King, Bill

King, Martin Luther, Jr.

Kirchner, Cristina and Nestor

Korea; emigrants from; immigration to; national identity of

Ku Klux Klan

Kuznets, Simon

Labor Party (Israel)

Lagarde, Paul de

Langbehn, Julius

language: colonialism and; diversity of; nationalism and; for nationalities; necessity of common

Lasch, Christopher

Latin America

Law and Justice Party (Poland)

Lebanon

Lee Kuan Yew

left-wing parties; identity politics embraced by; infighting among; white working class abandoned by

liberalism; see also democracy (modern liberal)

liberty; see also autonomy; freedom

Libya

Life of Jesus (Strauss)

Likud (Israel)

Lilla, Mark

Lincoln

Lipset, Seymour Martin

lived experience; shared experience vs.

Locke, John

Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio

Luther, Martin

Luxembourg

MacKinnon, Catharine

Macron, Emmanuel

Maduro, Nicolás

Mahler, Gustav

Mandela, Nelson

Manent, Pierre

Mann, Thomas

Mann, Thomas E.

Maori

Marcuse, Herbert

marginalized groups: choice of assimilation or separatism for; identity politics adopted by; ongoing violence against

market economy: choice in; diversity in; equality in; EU formed to support; global, see globalization; inequality in, see economic inequality; language in; left-wing acceptance of; mobility in; nationalism in; as outlet for megalothymia

Marx, Karl

Maslow, Abraham

media; mistrust of

megalothymia; see also nationalism; recognition

Merkel, Angela

#MeToo movement

Mexico, border of

middle class; political choices of

Middle East; Arab Spring in; modernization of; see also Islamism

Milanovic, Branko

Mill, John Stuart

minorities, see marginalized groups

modernization, identity created by

Modi, Narendra

Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur

Monnet, Jean

moral choice; Christian; Hegel on; Kant on; of values

Morocco, emigrants from

Mubarak, Hosni

multiculturalism; see also diversity; immigration

Murray, Charles

Muslim Brotherhood

Muslims; in Europe; fear of; sects of

Myanmar

NAFTA

Napoleon

narcissism

National Front (France)

national identity; in Africa; in Asia; assimilation to; borders and; citizenship and; corruption without; as culture; in democracies; diversity within; dual citizenship’s undermining of; economic development from; education for; ethno-nationalism vs.; in Europe; immigration and; language and; in Middle East; postnational identity vs.; security issues without; service and; sports and; trust built by; in U.S.; welfare made possible by

nationalism, populist; as anti-immigrant; biological justifications for; as collective identity ; as cultural pride; definition of; democracy as tool for; in Germany; Herder’s contribution to; identity politics and; language and; middle-class role in; moderates within; nostalgia and; psychological root of; as response to colonialism; thymos and; twenty-first-century; universal dignity vs.; urbanization and; in U.S.

Nation of Islam

nations, formation of

Native American rights movement

Nazis (National Socialist Party); intellectual lineage of; neo-

Négritude

Nehru

neoliberalism

Netherlands; Muslims in; nationalism in; pillarization in; social movements in

New Zealand, indigenous population of

Nietzsche; on moral law

Nigeria

1984 (Orwell)

Nixon, Richard M.

nonprofit sector

North Korea

Norway

Obama, Barack H.

Occupy Wall Street, movement

Orange Revolution

Orbán, Viktor

Origins of Political Order, The (Fukuyama)

Ornstein, Norman

Orwell, George

Paine, Thomas

Pakistan, emigrants from

Palestinians

Palin, Sarah

Party for Freedom (Dutch)

Phenomenology of Spirit, The (Hegel)

Philippines

Piketty, Thomas

Pinochet, Augusto

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Plato

Poland; nationalism in

police violence

political correctness

Political Order and Political Decay (Fukuyama)

poor people; difficulty of organizing politically; dignity sought by; see also economic inequality

populism; left-wing; see also nationalism, populist

Poroshenko, Petro

postmodernism

postnational identities; lack of

pride; in identity; national; Rousseau on; in work

primates, social structures of

private property

Protestants; in Netherlands; in U.S.

psychology, see therapeutic model

Putin, Vladimir; political division instigated by; resentment used by; Trump and; Ukraine and

Putnam, Robert

Quebec

racism, see civil rights movement; immigration: political movements against; nationalism; police brutality

radicalism, alienation and

Rameau’s Nephew (Diderot)

Reagan, Ronald

recognition (of dignity); at core of feminism; desire for; as driver of human history; as goal of revolutions; individual vs. group; lacking in Arab world; lacking in early humans; lacking in Luther’s concept of identity; lacking in Ukraine; masked as economic motivation; in modern liberal democracy; self-esteem and; as source of unhappiness; under colonialism; universal; see also dignity

Reflections on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind (Herder)

refugees; Syrian

religion; see also Christianity; Muslims

Republic (Plato)

Republican Party; see also Trump

Reveries (Rousseau)

Revolution of Dignity

revolutions; in Arab world; dignity as object of; French; inner self and; social media in; in Ukraine

Reynolds, Paul

Rieff, Philip

rights; exclusion from; French Revolution and; inner self embodied in; international; for noncitizens; to vote

Right Sector (Ukraine)

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques; on autonomy; on human nature

Roy, Olivier

rule of law; American identity and

rural people

Russia; nationalism in; social media used by; Syria supported by; Ukraine and; U.S. support for

Rwanda

Sanders, Bernie

Sartre, Jean-Paul

Sasse, Ben

Satir, Virginia

Saudi Arabia

Scandinavia

Schengen system

Schuller, Robert

Schuman, Robert

Schutz, Dana

science fiction

Scotland

Second Sex, The (de Beauvoir)

secularism

self-esteem

Self-Esteem (Schuller)

self, inner: Christian; secular; shaped by identities; as social; valuing of

Senghor, Léopold

separatist movements

sexual violence

shame

Shas (Israel)

Sincerity and Authenticity (Trilling)

Singapore

slavery; defense of

Smith, Adam

Smith, Alan

Snow Crash (Stephenson)

Social Contract, The (Rousseau)

socialism; decline of

social media

society; minimal common culture necessary to; as primary to identity; Rousseau on development of; as secondary to identity

Socrates

Somalia

soul; see recognition; self, inner; thymos

South Africa; constitution of

South Korea

Spain; Catalonia and

Sri Lanka

Stalin

Stanford University

state, role of

Stephenson, Neal

Sterling, Bruce

Stern, Fritz

Strauss, David

sub-Saharan Africa; economy of

Sufferings of Young Werther (Goethe)

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria; politicized religion in; refugees from

Talladega Nights

Tanzania

Taylor, Charles

Tea Party

Thailand

Thaksin Shinawatra

Thatcher, Margaret

Theory of Moral Sentiments, The (Smith)

therapeutic model; in academia; backlash to; as new religion; religion’s embrace of; social identities in; the state’s embrace of

thymos; poorly translated as “spirit”; as third part of soul; see also recognition

Tibi, Bassam

Till, Emmett

Tocqueville, Alexis de

Tönnies, Ferdinand

Toward a State of Self-Esteem, (California Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem and Personal Social Responsibility)

transgender movement

Trilling, Lionel

Troeltsch, Ernst

Trotsky, Leon

Trump, Donald: character of; middle-class support for; populism of; Putin and; resentment used by; rise of white nationalism under

Tunisia; Arab Spring in

Turkey; emigrants from; Syria and

Tversky, Amos

UK Independence Party

Ukraine

United States; Anglo-Protestant roots of; assimilation in; borders of; citizenship in; Civil War in; diversity in; economic inequality in; ethnic cleansing of; founding documents of; human potential movement in; immigration to; industrialization in; Islamist violence in; language in; left in; narcissism of; national identity of; nationalism avoided by; nationalism embraced by; noncitizen residents of; political polarization in; poverty in; progress narrative for; Prohibition in; religious conservatism in; resentment of; social movements in; Syria supported by; therapeutic model adopted by; vetocracy in; work ethic in

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

university campuses

urbanization: Islamism created by; nationalism created by; see also modernization

values, shared, see national identity

van Gogh, Theo

van Gogh, Vincent

Vasconcellos, John

Venezuela

vetocracy

Vienna

Vietnam

Voltaire

voting rights

Wales

Walker, Scott

Warren, Rick

Washington, George

Wealth of Nations, The (Smith)

Weber, Max

welfare; in EU; pride and

Western culture, critiques of

white nationalism

Who Are We? (Huntington)

Wilson, E. O.

work ethics

working class; excluded from left; political choices of

World Trade Organization

world wars

Xi Jinping

Yanukovych, Viktor

Yazidi

Yemen

Yingluck Shinawatra