Ivan's War: Inside the Red Army 1939-1945

Index

Abakumov, V. S., 1

Academy of Sciences, 1

Adzhimuskai quarry, 1

Ageev (a junior officer), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Aleksandrov, G. F., 1

Alexander Nevsky (film), 1

Alexiyevich, Svetlana, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Allenstein, 1

Allmedinger (commander, German Seventeenth Army), 1

Alubka, 1

Andreyevich, Vasily, 1

Anfilov, Vladimir, 1

Annovka, 1

anti-Semitism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Armenians, 1

Armies

German

6th Army, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

9th Panzer Army, 1

17th Army, 1

Soviet

1st Tank Army, 1

3rd Army, 1

4th Army, 1

5th Army: 50th rifle division, 1

5th Guards Army, 1

5th Guards Tank Army, 1

7th Army, 1

8th Guards Army, 1

10th Army, 1, 2, 3

13th Army, 1, 2

21st Army: 117th rifle division, 1

26th Army, 1

38th Army, 1

51st Army, 1

56th rifle division, 1

62nd Army, 1, 2

64th Army, 1

85th division, 1

113th rifle division, 1, 2

147th rifles: 5th battalion, 1

251st rifle regiment, 1

588th night bomber squadron, 1

Aronov, Yakov Zinovievich, 1, 2, 3, 4

Art Theatre, Moscow, 1

artillery, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Ashkhabad, 1, 2, 3

Astaf’ev, Victor, 1

atomic bomb, 1

Auschwitz (Oświȩcim), 1, 2

Austrian soldiers, 1

Babi Yar massacre, Kiev, 1, 2, 3, 4

Babushkin, Mikhail Sergeevich, 1

Baikal–Amur railway, 1

Baku, 1

Baltic, the, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

collectives in, 1

in German hands, 1

guerrilla warfare, 1

Baltic campaign, 1

Baltic Front, 2nd, 1

banyas (steam baths), 1, 2, 3

Barsov, Viktor, 1

Bartov, Omer, 1

BBC, 1, 2

Bednyi, Demyan, 1

Belarus (formerly Belorussia), 1

Belash, Yury, 1

Belaya Tserkov, 1

Belgium, 1

Belgorod, 1, 2, 3

Belorussia, 1, 2, 3, 4

citizens barred from membership of new tank crews, 1

deaths under Nazi occupation, 1

equipment shortages, 1

evidence of German destruction in, 1

in German hands, 1

nemesis of Stalinist regime in, 1

Operation Bagration, 1

prison camps, 1

recruitment from, 1, 2

sanitary establishments, 1

Soviet soldiers attracted to, 1

see also Belarus

Belorussian Front, 1st, 1, 2, 3, 4

Belorussian Front, 2nd, 1, 2

Belorussian Front, 3rd, 1, 2

Belov, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

Belova, Lidiya, 1

Belova, Masha, 1, 2

Belsen, 1

Belyi Kholm, 1

Berggolts, Ol’ga, 1

Beria, Levrenti, 1

Berlin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

battle for, 1, 2, 3

black market, 1

deserted and silent after the victory, 1

efforts to stop the hate, 1

post-war relations between Red Army and American troops, 1

ransacked by Soviets, 1, 2

a real victory for Moscow and its allies, 1

reconstruction, 1

renamed by Soviet troops, 1

Soviet joy at its fall, 1

Soviet planning for campaign, 1

vulnerable to disease, 1

Berlin Zoo, 1

Bialystok, 1

Bialystok marshes, 1

Bialystok pocket, 1

black market, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Black Sea, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Black Sea Fleet, 1

blitzkrieg, 1, 2

blocking units, 1

Blokhin, Colonel, 1

‘Blue Scarf, The’, 1

Bobruisk, 1, 2

Bogomolov, Captain, 1

Boldin, Lieutenant-General Ivan Vasilevich, 1, 2, 3

Bolsheviks, 1, 2, 3, 4

Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow, 1

Borodino, 1, 2

Botoshani, 1

bourgeoisie (burzhui), 1, 2

Brandt, Karl-Friedrich, 1

Brest, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918), 1

Brezhnev, Leonid, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

brutalization, 1

Bryansk military district, 1

Bucharest, 1, 2, 3

Budapest, 1, 2

Budyennyi, S. M., 1, 2

Bug river, 1, 2

Burg on the Elbe, 1

burial teams, 1

Bykov, Vasil, 1

camouflage, 1, 2

cannibalism, 1, 2, 3

capitalism, 1

bourgeois, 1

capitalist farms, 1, 2

prolonged war with Marxism-Leninism, 1

Soviet soldiers’ attitude to, 1

Carpathian mountains, 1, 2

Caspian Sea, 1, 2

Caucasus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Caves monastery, 1

censorship, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

central Asia, 1, 2

Central Front, 1, 2, 3

chastushki (lilting sayings), 1, 2

Chaus, 1

Chechens, 1

Chechnya, 1, 2

Cheka (Chrezvychainaya Kommissiya;

later NKVD), 1

Chelyabinsk, Urals, 1, 2

Chernyakovsky, Ivan, 1, 2

children

in Red Army, 1

injuries, 1

Soviet troops’ sentimentality, 1

unwanted births, 1

of veterans, 1

vulnerable to disease, 1

working, 1

Christ the Savior, cathedral of, Moscow, 1

Chuikov, Vasily, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

churches, reopening of, 1

Churchill, Sir Winston, 1, 2, 3

cinema/films, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

‘class consciousness’, 1

class war, 1, 2, 3

Cold War, 1

collectives, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

collectivization, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

conscription, 1

corruption, 1

Cossack legion, 1

counter-intelligence, 1

crime, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Crimea, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Crimean War, 1

Czechoslovakia, 1

D-Day landings, 1, 2

‘Dark Night’, 1

dead, burial of the, 1

declassification of documents, 1

Defeat of the German Armies near Moscow (documentary), 1

Defence of Tsaritsyn, The (film), 1

Degtyarev, Vasily, 1

demobilization, 1, 2, 3

Denikin, General Anton, 1

Desnya river, 1

disabled veterans, 1

Dnepr river, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

dog teams, 1

Don basin, 1

Don country, 1

Don Front, 1, 2, 3

Don river, 1, 2, 3

Donskoi, Dmitry, 1, 2

Dorodnyi (of 5th Army), 1

Dresden, 1

Druzhba, O. V., 1

Dubrovno, Belarus, 1, 2

dysentery, 1, 2, 3, 4

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks, 1

Dzigan, Efim, 1, 2, 3

East Prussia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Eastern Front, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

education

belief in infallibility of the teaching, 1

political, 1

to engineer new kinds of consciousness among the young, 1

training of children as future Soviet citizens, 1

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 1, 2, 3, 4

Einsatzgruppen, 1

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 1, 2

Eisenstein, Sergei, 1

English Channel, 1

Erfurt, 1

Ermolenko, Vasily, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

Estonia, 1, 2

Estonians, 1

ethnic cleansing, 1, 2

Evseev (naval officer), 1, 2

famine

1932, 1, 2

refugees in Dubrovno, 1

Far East, 1, 2

fascism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Fatezh, Kursk province, 1

Fedyuninsky, General I. I., 1, 2

Feodosia, eastern Crimea, 1, 2

films see cinema

filtration, 1, 2, 3

Finland campaign (1939–40), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

‘Specific Problems of This War and How to Improve Our Effort’ (brochure), 1

‘Three Weeks of Fighting the White Finns’ (brochure), 1

Finnish soldiers, 1, 2

First World War, 1, 2, 3, 4

food, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

France, 1

fall of (1940), 1

Germans prepare to attack, 1

Franco, General Francisco, 1

frontoviki, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

frostbite, 1, 2, 3, 4

Frunze, Timur, 1

fugue states, 1

Gavrilov, P. M., 1

Gefter, Mikhail, 1

Georgia, 1

Georgian legion, 1

Georgians, 1, 2

German army

burns the countryside while retreating, 1, 2

compared with Red Army, 1

conditions at Stalingrad, 1

exchange of prisoners with Red Army, 1

fights on towards final collapse, 1

German offensive at Kursk, 1

Hitler’s orders for the advance on Moscow, 1

infantry, 1, 2

invades Poland, 1

losses, 1

morale, 1, 2

stalled in advance on Moscow by mud, 1

statistics of prisoners held, 1

statistics of troops in Kursk province, 1

tanks, 1, 2, 3

German Army Group Centre, 1

German ‘New Order’, 1

Gestapo, 1, 2

Gibraltar, 1

glasnost (openness), 1

Goebbels, Joseph, 1, 2, 3

Goering, Hermann, 1

Goldap, 1, 2

Golden Horde, 1

Golikov, General, 1

Golubev, General, 1

Gomel, 1

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 1

Gordon, Abram Evseevich, 1, 2, 3, 4

Gorin, Ivan, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Gorky, Maxim, 1

Grand Khingan mountains, 1

Great Citizen, The (film), 1

Grishin (regiment leader), 1

Grodno, 1, 2

Gromov, Michael Mikhailovich, 1

Grossman, Atina, 1

Grossman, Vasily, 1, 2, 3, 4

Groznyi, 1, 2

Guderian, Heinz, 1

guerrillas, 1, 2, 3, 4

Gulag, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Gulf of Finland, 1

GUM building, Moscow, 1

guns

magazine-fed, bolt-action rifles, 1

Maxim, 1

Nagan revolvers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

PPD sub-machine gun, 1

Gurzuf, Crimea, 1

Gusev, Ivan, 1, 2, 3

Hamburg, 1

hero myth, 1

Hiroshima bombing, 1

‘historical necessity’, 1

Hitler, Adolf, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

blitzkrieg, 1

determined to keep the Crimea, 1, 2

and the German army, 1

invasion of Russia, 1, 2, 3

and Livadiya, 1

orders that Warsaw be razed, 1

refuses to surrender, 1

Stalin’s sixtieth birthday, 1

suicide, 1

view of Stalingrad, 1

hiwis (defectors from the Red Army), 1, 2

Hoepner, Erich, 1, 2, 3

Hokkaido island, 1

Holland, 1

Holocaust, 1

hospitals, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Hoth, General, 1, 2, 3

housing, 1, 2

Hungary, 1, 2, 3, 4

If There Is War Tomorrow (film), 1

infantry, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Ingushetiya, 1

Inkerman, 1

Insterburg (later Chernyakovsk), 1, 2, 3

internationalism, 1, 2

Istra, 1

Ivanovich, Mikhail, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Ivanovo, 1

Jaenicke (commander, German Seventeenth Army), 1

Japan, 1

Jews

Babi Yar massacre, 1, 2

and ethnography, 1

evidence of the mass killings, 1

forbidden to own land, 1

Kovno massacre, 1, 2

liberation by Red Army, 1

mass murder in Dubrovno, 1

prisoners-of-war murdered, 1

rounded up in the Crimea, 1

support for the Soviet cause, 1

victims of the new Soviet chauvinism, 1

see also anti-Semitism

Kabardino-Balkariya, 1

Kalinin, Mikhail, 1, 2, 3, 4

Kalinin (modern Tver), 1

Kalinin Front, 1

Kalmyk steppe, 1

Kalmyks, 1

Kaluga, 1, 2, 3

Kamera, General, 1

Kantariya, Meliton, 1

Karelia, 1

Karelian Front, 1

Karp, Private Aleksandr, 1, 2

Katyn massacre (1940), 1, 2, 3, 4

Katyushas (BM-13-16 multiple rocket launchers), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Kaunas, Lithuania, 1

Kazakhs, 1, 2

Keitel, Field-Marshal Wilhelm, 1, 2

Kerch, Crimea, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

KGB, 1, 2, 3

Khabibulin (prison survivor), 1

Kharkov, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

fall of, 1

German forces retake, 1

liberated, 1

Kherson, 1

Khmelnitsky, Bohdan, 1

Khrushchev, Nikita, 1

Kiev, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

bombed during Barbarossa, 1

defence of, 1, 2, 3

fall of, 1, 2

Mother Russia memorial, 1

pogrom (1945), 1

recaptured (November 1943), 1

war museum, 1

Kiev military district, 1

Kirillovich, Kirill, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Kirov, Sergei, 1

Kirov theatre, Leningrad, 1

Kletna, 1

Klintsy, 1

Klooga, outside Tallinn, 1, 2

Kobrin, 1

Koden, 1

Koenigsberg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Koktebel, Crimea, 1

kolkhoz see collectives

Kolyma, 1

komsomol (young communists’ league), 1, 2

komsomols (young communists), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

komsorgs, 1, 2

Konev, Ivan, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Kopelev, Lev, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Korneichuk, Aleksandr: Front!, 1

Kosmodemyanskaya, Zoya, 1

Kosygin, Aleksei, 1

Kovalchenko (calvaryman), 1

Kovno massacre, 1, 2

Krasnodar, 1, 2

Kremlin, Moscow, 1

Krokodil magazine, 1

Krupyanskaya, V. U., 1

Kuban region, 1

Kuibyshev, 1

kulaks (wealthier peasants), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Kulikovo Pole, 1

Kupyansk, 1

Kurile islands, 1

Kursk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

beginning of German offensive (July 1943), 1

Communist Party’s emergency meeting (22 June 1941), 1

demobilization in, 1, 2

described, 1

falls to advancing German army (1941), 1, 2

local population given tasks, 1

Old Kursk almost totally destroyed, 1

a real victory for Moscow and its allies, 1

Red Square, 1, 2

retaken by Red Army (February 1943), 1, 2, 3

the Russian military plan, 1

soldiers’ loot in, 1

veterans, 1, 2

Zhukov’s assessment of planned German offensive, 1

Kursk, Battle of, 1, 2

Kursk province, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Kustrin, 1

Kutuzov, Mikhail, 1, 2

Kuyani, 1

Kuznetsov, Orest, 1, 2

labour battalions, 1

Lake Ladoga, 1, 2

Latvia, 1, 2

Latvians, 1

laundrywomen, 1, 2

Lebedev-Kumach, Vasily, 1, 2, 3

Leipzig, 1

lend-lease programme, 1, 2

Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich, 1, 2, 3, 4

Bolshevik coup, 1, 2

class war, 1

mass reproduction of his image, 1

‘State and Revolution’, 1

Leningrad, 1, 2, 3

blockade, 1, 2

final relief of, 1

hospitals in, 1

siege lifted, 1

under siege, 1, 2, 3

Leningrad Front, 1

Leningrad military district, 1

Levitan, Yury, 1

‘Liberation Armies’, 1

Lipetsk, 1

Liskow, Alfred, 1

Lithuania, 1, 2, 3

Lithuanians, 1

Livadiya, 1

looting, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Lublin, 1, 2

Luftwaffe

bombs Soviet aircraft, 1

bombs strategic Russian cities, 1, 2

control of front-line regions, 1

and the defenders of Stalingrad, 1

Lvov, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Lyakhov, Lev Lvovich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Lyubyanka, Moscow, 1

Maglakelidze, Shalva, 1

Maidanek extermination camp, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Maikop, 1

Makarov (battalion commander), 1

Makela, Finland, 1

Maloarkhangelsk, 1, 2

Malyshkin, Major-General, 1

Manchuria, 1, 2

Mannerheim Line, 1

Martel, Lieutenant-General, 1

Marx, Karl, 1, 2, 3

Marxism-Leninism, 1, 2, 3, 4

mass-production methods, 1

mat (profane army language), 1

medical orderlies, 1

Mekhlis, Lev, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Memorial human rights association, 1

mental illness, 1, 2, 3

Mexico, 1

Mga, 1

Mglin, 1

Mikhailovna, Valeriya, 1

Mikoyan, Anastas, 1, 2

Mikoyan, Sergo, 1

military training, 1

accommodation crisis, 1

banyas, 1

combat training, 1

communal facilities, 1

crime, 1

food, 1

ideological training, 1, 2

military stores, 1

officers, 1, 2

politruks, 1, 2

uniforms, 1, 2

Mingrelians, 1

Minin, Kuzma, 1

Ministry of Defence, 1, 2

Minsk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

recaptured (July 1944), 1, 2, 3, 4

Model, Walter, 1, 2

Mogilev, 1, 2

Molotov, Vyachaslav, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Molotov cocktails, 1, 2, 3

Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, 1

Moscow, 1, 2

battles around, 1

demobilization, 1

end of war with Germany announced, 1

German advance on, 1, 2, 3

Hitler’s orders, 1

militia gangs, 1

opolchenie (citizens’ defence), 1, 2, 3, 4

‘Panfilov men’, 1

recruitment, 1, 2, 3

Red Square, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

told of German attack on Russia, 1

Moscow province, 1

Moscow University, 1, 2, 3

Moskvin, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Mozhaisk highway, Moscow, 1

murder squads, 1

Museum of the Great Patriotic War, 1

Museum of the Revolution, Moscow, 1

Mussolini, Benito, 1

mutism, 1

myths

hero, 1

nationalist, 1

patriotic, 1, 2

wartime, 1, 2

Nagasaki, 1

Nagy-Kallo mental hospital, 1

Napoleon Bonaparte, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

nationalism, 1, 2, 3, 4

natsmen, 1

Nazi–Soviet pact (August, 1939), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Neidenburg, 1, 2

Nemanov, Ilya Natanovich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Nevsky, Alexander, 1

New York, 1

newspapers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 1, 2

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1

NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs; previously Cheka), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

border troops, 1, 2, 3

and conscripts, 1

Crimean Tatars exiled to central Asia, 1

detention of military personnel, 1

escape from Sevastopol, 1

firing squads, 1, 2

and gassings, 1

prison camps, 1

Pushkarev’s collection, 1

records of anti-Semitism, 1

on Sachsenhausen, 1

search for deserters, 1

special troops, 1

tone of their reports, 1

‘uncensored songs’, 1

used for evacuating citizens, 1

Novgorod, 1

Novocherkassk, 1, 2

Nuremburg Trials, 1

obezlichka (buck-passing), 1

Oboyan, 1, 2

October Revolution anniversary (7 November), 1

‘Oh, the Long Road’, 1

Oka river, 1

Oktyabrskaya, Mariya, 1

Omsk, 1

Omskaya Pravda, 1

Operation Bagration, 1, 2

five separate, co-ordinated strikes, 1

Minsk recaptured, 1, 2, 3

momentum exhausted by October 1944, 1

one of the war’s largest military campaigns, 1

planning, 1, 2

Operation Barbarossa, 1, 2, 3

Operation Overlord, 1

Operation Uranus, 1

opolchenie (citizens’ defence), 1, 2, 3, 4

Orange Revolution (January 2005), 1

Oranienburg, 1

Order no. 1, 2, 3

Order no. 1, 2

Orel, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Orthodox Church, 1, 2

Oskol, Staryi, 1

OSMBON (Motorized Infantry Brigade of the NKVD Special Forces), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Osoaviakhim (Society for Air and Chemical Defence), 1, 2, 3

Overy, Richard, 1, 2

‘Panfilov men’, 1

parachute clubs, 1, 2

Park of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Pokhlonnaya Hill, Moscow, 1

partiinost’ (party spirit), 1

partisans, 1, 2, 3, 4

partkom (party committee), 1

Pashin, P. L., 1

Passchendaele, Battle of, 1

patriotism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21

Paulus, General, 1, 2

Pavlov, Colonel-General D. G., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

peasant farming, 1

peasants

anger in Kursk region, 1

importance of land, stock and the next harvest, 1

the most resentful section of the population, 1

the peasant village, 1

in Red Army, 1, 2

penal battalions, 1

‘People’s Parties of Russia’, 1

Petrograd, 1

Petrov, Evgeny, 1

Podolsk, near Moscow, 1

poetry, 1

Poland, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

collectives in, 1

German and Soviet armies overrun, 1

German invasion of, 1

Katyn massacre, 1, 2, 3, 4

losses during the war, 1

and Nazi–Soviet pact, 1

prison camps, 1

Soviet troops enter, 1

trophies in, 1

Warsaw Uprising, 1

Poles, 1

police agents, 1

Polish army, 1

Polish campaign, 1

political officers (politruks), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36

politzei, 1, 2, 3, 4

Pomerania, 1

Ponomarenko, 1

portyanki (footcloths), 1, 2, 3

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 1, 2, 3

post-war adjustment process, 1

Potsdam, 1, 2

Potsdam conference (July 1945), 1

Pozharsky, Dmitry, 1

PPZh (pokhodno-polevye zheny; ‘marching field wives’), 1

Prague, 1

Pravda, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Pripet marshes, 1, 2, 3

prisoners-of-war

change in type of, 1

German treatment of, 1, 2

and Nazi military observers, 1

problems of containing, 1

Russian treatment of, 1, 2

Prokhorovka, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Prokofiev, Sergei, 1

propaganda

aimed at the army, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

and the churches, 1

hate, 1, 2

and humour, 1

images of triumph, 1

Kopelev on, 1

state needs, 1

stereotypical images, 1

Prussia, 1, 2

looting, 1, 2

violent revenge by Red Army, 1

Pskov, 1, 2

Pukhovichi, 1

‘punished’ groups, 1

punishment units, 1, 2

Puppet Theatre, Moscow, 1

purges, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Pushkarev, Lev, 1, 2

Putin, Vladimir, 1

queues, 1

Rabichev, Leonid, 1, 2, 3

racism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

radio, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

rape, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Raskova, Marina, 1

Red Army

accommodation problems, 1

the army as another universe, 1

artillery, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

camps for disgraced men, 1

captured troops, 1

casualties, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

closing of gap between officer and men, 1

collapse of, 1

combat motivation discussed, 1, 2, 3, 4

Communist Party’s instrument of progress, 1

compared with German army, 1

demobilization, 1, 2, 3

desertion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

destroyed and renewed at least twice during the war, 1

disabled veterans, 1

equipment in short supply, 1, 2

ethnic groups in, 1, 2, 3

exchange of prisoners with German army, 1

expansion of, 1, 2

farm work, 1, 2, 3, 4

folklore and superstition, 1

food, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

friendly with American troops in

Germany, 1

friendships, 1

General Staff, 1, 2, 3, 4

growing professionalism, 1

‘Hoorah!’ slogan, 1, 2, 3

hospitals and medical supplies, 1, 2, 3, 4

humour, 1, 2

ideology in, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

infantry, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

language (mat), 1

last major force left fighting Hitler’s armies on the ground, 1

military decorations, 1

morale, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

new pragmatism, 1

numbers in active service, 1, 2

as an occupation force, 1

officer élite, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

officers’ losses, 1

‘Panfilov men’, 1

primary groups (buddies), 1, 2, 3, 4

racial labelling, 1

radio communication, 1

reaction to Stalin’s speech of, 3 July, 1941, 1

recruitment, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

reform, 1, 2

religious belief, 1, 2, 3

reservists, 1, 2, 3, 4

riflemen, 1

self-esteem, 1

special military academies, 1

stalls the Nazi advance on Moscow, 1, 2

stress, 1, 2, 3, 4

takes revenge in Germany, 1

tank armies, 1, 2, 3

tanks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

training programmes, 1, 2

transport problems, 1

uniforms, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

war crimes, 1

women recruited, 1

Red Army Day (23 February), 1, 2

Red Army newspaper, 1

Red Cavalry, 1

Red Cross, 1

Red Fleet, 1

‘red horde’, 1

Red Star newspaper, 1, 2, 3, 4

Reese, Roger, 1, 2

refugees, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Reichstag building, Berlin, 1

religion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Reuber, Kurt, 1, 2

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 1

rifles see under guns

Riga, 1

rocket launchers, 1

Rokossovsky, Konstantin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Romania, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Romanovs, 1

Rommel, Erwin, 1

Rossosh’, 1

Rostov-on-Don, 1

fall of, 1, 2

retaken by Soviets, 1

Rotmistrov, General Pavel, 1

Rovno, 1

Rudneva, Zhenya, 1

Rudnya, near Smolensk, 1

Russia

deaths under Nazi occupation, 1

see also Soviet Union

Russian civil war (1918–21), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

daily reports and public debates, 1

illegal arrests and mass executions, 1

and naming of Stalingrad, 1

sloganeering days of, 1

‘Russian committees’, 1

Russian Liberation Army (ROA), 1

Russian Revolution (1917), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Russian ‘soul’, 1

Rzhev, 1

Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 1

Sakhalin, 1

samogon (home brew), 1, 2, 3

Samoilov, David, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

samostrel (self-inflicted wounds), 1

Sapun ridge, Crimea, 1

memorial, 1

schizophrenia, 1, 2

Schulenburg, Friedrich, Count von der, 1

scurvy, 1

secret police, 1, 2, 3

Seelow Heights, 1

Senyavskaya, Elena, 1

Serdyuk (at officer training camp), 1, 2

Sevastopol, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

sex

attitudes to, 1

lack of availability to Red Army, 1

rape, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Shchelyabug, 1

Shevelev, Anatoly, 1, 2, 3, 4

show trials, 1, 2, 3

shtrafniki (members of the punishment units), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Siberians, 1, 2

Simferopol, 1, 2

Simon, Max, SS general, 1

Simonov, Konstantin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

‘Kill Him!’, 1

The Living and the Dead, 1, 2

‘Wait for Me’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Singer Sewing Machine plant, Berlin, 1

Sivash marshes, 1

slave labour, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Slesarev, Aleksandr, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Slesareva, Mariya (Masha), 1, 2, 3, 4

Slutsky, Boris, 1

small-group loyalty, 1

SMERSh, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Smolensk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

battle of, 1

demobilization in, 1

evacuees from, 1

recaptured (September 1943), 1

Smolensk region, 1, 2, 3, 4

sniper training, 1, 2

Sokolniki district, Moscow, 1

soldiers’ choirs, 1

Somme, Battle of the, 1

songs, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

‘sons of the regiment’, adoption of, 1

South-Western Front, 1, 2

Southern Front, 1

Soviet air force, 1, 2, 3

Soviet armed forces: total number mobilized since 1939, 1

Soviet communism

claims credit for spirit that emerged at Stalingrad, 1

collapse of, 1, 2, 3

confidence in, 1

and the Museum of the Revolution, 1

the party features as guide and teacher of the masses, 1

secret resolution on soldiers’ families, 1

sense of duty to the party, 1

the sole political outlook, 1

Soviets speak only of success, 1

Soviet Mongolia, 1

Soviet propaganda, 1

Soviet Union

attitudes to women, 1

barter economy, 1

collapse of, 1, 2

economic growth, 1, 2

five-year plans, 1, 2, 3

as Hitler’s ally in, 1939, 1

Katyn Massacre, 1, 2, 3, 4

largest engineering industry in Europe, 1

and monetary cost of the war, 1

revival of manufacturing, 1

secures a pre-eminent place in world affairs, 1

Soviet members of minority ethnic groups deported, 1

statistics of Soviet lives lost, 1

victory over fascism, 1

and Warsaw Uprising, 1

Sovinformburo, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

Sozh river, 1

Spanish civil war (1936), 1, 2

Spassky Gates, Moscow, 1

Special Forces’ radio headquarters, Moscow, 1

Special Section, 1, 2, 3, 4

SS, 1

‘Adolf Hitler Guards’, 1

advance on Moscow, 1, 2

at Maidanek, 1

in Berlin, 1

‘Death’s Head’ units, 1

and German offensive on Kursk, 1, 2

German soldiers attitude to, 1

Stalin, Joseph, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

attitude to Poland, 1

authorizes camps for special prisoners, 1

and Belarus, 1

in Baku, as ‘Koba’, 1

carrot and stick of the dictatorship, 1

congratulates the troops, 1

ethnic cleansing, 1, 2

and German offensive at Kursk, 1

god-like status, 1, 2

ignorance about, 1

ignores warning of German invasion, 1

important speech after German attacks (3 July 1941), 1

Khrushchev’s denunciation of him, 1

in Lvov, 1

mass reproduction of his image, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Order no. 1, 2, 3

Order no. 1, 2

policy on unity and brotherhood, 1

at Potsdam conference, 1

presents from comrades worldwide, 1

purge of political and military élite, 1

and purge trials, 1

on the Red Army, 1, 2

reluctant to share credit for the victory, 1

reparations issue, 1

revises his rhetoric regarding the motherland, 1

role assumes greater prominence, 1

in secret revolutionary group at Baku, 1

sixtieth birthday (1939), 1, 2

speech of 1 May 1944, 1

speech of 6 November 1943, 1, 2

speech of 7 November 1942, 1

‘Stalin’s order’ demands restraint in Berlin, 1

as a totem, 1

tries to secure the Soviet Far East, 1

victims of, 1

vigilance warning, 1

western empire, 1

Stalin, Vasily, 1

Stalingrad, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

carpet-bombing, 1

casualties, 1, 2, 3

conditions in, 1, 2, 3

delight at Russian victory, 1

described, 1

enemy not permanently broken by the victory, 1

German rout at, 1, 2, 3, 4

low military discipline, 1

militia gangs, 1

mythical significance, 1

oath, 1

Red Army’s endurance at, 1

refugees from, 1

ruins as the icon of Red Army stoicism, 1

shooting of deserters and cowards, 1

a victory for Moscow and its allies, 1

Stalingrad Front, 1

Stalinism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Starobel’sk, 1

starvation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

State Defence Committee, 1

Steinbeck, John, 1

Steppe Front, 1

stress, 1, 2, 3, 4

Sunday Times, 1

Supreme Soviet, 1

Suvorov, Alexander, 1

syphilis, 1, 2

taboo subjects, 1, 2

Tallinn, Estonia, 1, 2, 3, 4

Taman peninsula, 1

Tamurlane, 1

‘tank fright’, 1, 2

Tank Men, The (film), 1

tanks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Taranichev, Kolya, 1, 2

Taranichev, Vitaly, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Taranicheva, Natalya (Natasha), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Tarnopol, 1

Tatars, 1, 2, 3

Taylorism, 1

Teltow Canal, 1

Temkin, Gabriel, 1, 2, 3, 4

Texel island, 1

‘Thieving Army, The’ (Red Army theatrical review), 1

Third Reich

collapse of, 1

reparations issue, 1

slave labour in, 1, 2

Tiergarten, Berlin, 1, 2

Timoshenko, Commissar Semen Konstantinovich, 1, 2

tobacco, 1, 2

Todleben, Eduard Ivanovich, 1

Tolstoy, Count Leo, 1

War and Peace, 1

torture, 1, 2

training camps

craze for, 1

Osoaviakhim, 1

trauma, 1

trophies, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Truman, Harry, 1

Tsarist armies, 1

Tsaritsa river, 1

tuberculosis, 1, 2, 3, 4

Tukhachevsky, Mikhail Nikolaevich, 1, 2

Tula, 1, 2

Tulebaev, Ibrai, 1

Tunisia, 1

Turkestan, 1, 2

Turkestan legion, 1

Turks, 1

Tvardovsky, Aleksandr, 1

‘Vasily Tyorkin’, 1

Tver, 1

typhus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Ukraine, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

almost entirely in Soviet hands by end of 1943, 1

American planes based in, 1

attitude to the Jews, 1

citizens barred from membership of new tank crews, 1

collectives in, 1

deaths under Nazi occupation, 1, 2

described, 1

equipment shortages, 1

evacuees from, 1

guerrilla warfare, 1

June in, 1

‘Liberation Armies’, 1

most in German hands, 1

nationalism, 1

nemesis of Stalinist regime in, 1

Orange Revolution (January 2005), 1

prison camps, 1

recruitment from, 1

Russian retreat in, 1

starvation in, 1

Ukrainian captives, 1

Ukrainian Front, first, 1

Ukrainian Front, second, 1

Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), 1

‘Ukrainian legion’, 1

Ukrainians, 1, 2

blamed for defeats, 1

and memorials at Kiev and Sapun ridge, 1

second largest nationality in Soviet armed forces, 1

Uman, 1

United States

American troops friendly with Red Army men in Germany, 1

bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1

economic depression, 1

lend-lease, 1, 2

Unter den Linden, Berlin, 1

Upper Inkerman lighthouse, Sevastopol, 1

Urals, 1, 2

US Department of the Army: ‘Russian Combat Methods in World War II’, 1

US intelligence service, 1

Uzbeks, 1

Valuiki, 1

Vasilevich, Ivan, 1

Vasilevsky, Aleksandr, 1

Vatutin, Nikolai Fyodorovich, 1

venereal disease, 1, 2, 3

Verdun, Battle of, 1

Vietnam War, 1

Viipuri (now Vyborg), Finland, 1

Viktorov, Anatoly, 1

Vilnius, Lithuania, 1, 2

violence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Vistula river, 1

Vitebsk, Belorussia, 1, 2

Vladikavkaz, 1

Vlasov, General Andrei, 1, 2

Vlasovites, 1, 2, 3, 4

vodka ration, 1, 2

Vodopyanov, Mikhail Vasilievich, 1

Volga Germans, 1

Volga river, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Volga steppe, 1

Volkhov Front, near Leningrad, 1, 2, 3, 4

Volkov, Misha, 1, 2, 3, 4

Voronezh, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Voronezh Front, 1, 2, 3

Voroshilov, Commissar Kliment, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Voroshilovgrad, 1

Vyaz’ma, 1

wall newspapers, 1

war loans, 1

Warsaw, 1

Warsaw Uprising, 1

Wedding at Malinovka, The (a play), 1

Weidling, General, 1

Werth, Alexander, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Western Front, 1, 2

Whites, 1

Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (RKKA), 1, 2, 3, 4

Yakuts, 1

Yalta, 1, 2

Yegorov, Sergeant Mikhail, 1

Yeremenko, Marshal, 1

zagradotryady (troops detailed to shoot would-be deserters), 1, 2

Zaitsev, Vasili, 1

zemlyanki (earth dugouts), 1, 2, 3, 4

Zhigalov, Comrade, 1

Zhlobin, 1, 2

Zhukov, Georgy, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21

Zionism, 1

Zlatoust, Siberia, 1

‘Zemlyanka’, 1

ZVK military stores, 1