Abaid, el- 101
Abbiar, el- 3, 5, 75, 77, 80, 81, 94
Abbu Kabir 306
Abella 231
Abraham 228
Abu’al Faraj (Bar Hebraeus) 303, 303n.
Academy 67, 290
Achaeans 8
Acilius Strabo, L. 171, 207, 210, 212
Actium 338n.
—, era of 164, 174
Acts of the Pagan Martyrs 244, 263
Adam 138
Addidaios 141
Adiabene 319
Adriatic Sea 128
Aegina 29
Aeneas Tacitus 34
Africa 28, 44, 45, 69, 127, 129, 214, 214n., 215, 227, 228, 234, 235, 306, 343
African god, the 301
Agatharchides 137
Agathocles 49
Agis 137
Ager publicus populi Romani 110, 111, 169, 170, 171, 173, 203, 205, 206, 208, 208n., 210, 211-215, 217, 219, 223, 232, 250n.
Aglomachus 26, 86
Agoranomos 306-7
Agriculture 82-125
Agrippa II 218, 323, 324
—, M. Vipsanius 65, 69, 72, 184-5, 186, 189
Ahmar, el- 80
Aiglanor son of Demetrius 203
Ailat Fayyid 101
Aizani 136, 210n.
Ajedabia 44-5, 46n., 80, 174 Ajela, el- 104
’Akko (Ptolemais) 144, 150, 173, 174 see also Ptolemais (Phoenicia).
Akoris 40
Aksine 112, 153
Ala Augusta 339».
Alabanda 336
Aladdeir (Alatteir) 26, 43, 187n., 198, 203
Alexander of Cyrene 220
- the Great 32, 48, 53, 97, 106, 108, 128, 144, 178, 179
Alexandria 49, 59, 60, 126, 133, 175n., 178, 179, 180, 182, 202, 219, 221, 222, 242, 243, 244n., 245, 246, 248, 251, 257, 258, 258n., 260, 264, 266-7, 294-5, 307n., 316-7, 329, 331, 332, 335, 335n., 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342n.
Alexandrounesos 136
Algeria 225, 343
Amasis 17, 22, 23
Amber 128
Ammon 30, 313
—, Oasis of (Siwa) 28, 45, 48, 127. See also Siwa.
Ammonius of Barka 61
Ampelos 85n.
Amphitheatre, Jewish 160, 164-7
Amphiktyons 39
Anabus 61, 64, 203
Anaoi 89
Andreas 259
Annius, L. 307
Annikeris 41n.
Antaeus 13n.
Antenorids 8
Antigonus Matthias 236n.
Antinoupolis 287
Antioch 269, 304, 319
Antiochus I 53-4
— III 120, 134-5
— IV 242
Antipas 260
Antipater 328, 101
Antoninus Pius 67
— Flamma 73
Apamé 54
Apamea 164, 174
Apella i68n.
Aphrodite 187
Apicius 93
Apocalypse 336-7
Apollinopolis Magna 156
— Parva 296
Apollinopolitis 296, 316
Apollonia 2, 8, 9, 54, 58, 59, 63, 66, 71, 72, 80, 112, 160n., 163, 171, 175, 192, 196, 205, 223, 271, 273, 285-6, 290, 294, 339
Apollo 13, 275, 334
— Nomios 187
—, priests of 73, 86, 189, i8gn.
—, spring of (Kuré) 12, 277
Apollonius 49
— Molon 336n.
—, strategos 309, 315-6, 318, 332
Appian 137, 295, 309, 316, 327
Apries 16, 26n., 337
Apulia 209n., 214-5
’Aqiva, R. 304
Arabia 233, 239, 261, 263, 307
Arabs 261
Arae Philaenorum 46, 57
Aram Naharayyim 319
Aramaic 144, 150, 173, 174
Aratapliila 6t, 64, 65, 189, 201-3
Arcadia 39, 127
Archers 173n.
Archibios 142
Archilé 172n., 205n.
Archons, Jewish 193, 160, 161, 163
Argos 116
Aribaios 141
Arimmantos Komé 94, 109n.
Arimmas 109n., 114, i49n., 150-1, 151n.
Arinius Modestus, C. 223
Aristeas Letter 246
Aristophanes son of Parabaitas 41n.
Ariston 35
Aristotle 35, 36, 38, 48, 106n., 190
Ark of the Covenant 240, 322
Arkesilaos, name 12
Arkesilaos I 15
— II 17, 19, 22, 23, 24n., 25, 37, 84, 128, 203
— III 21, 22, 24, 24n., 25, 26, 26n., 27, 28, 30, 86, 87, 127, 198, 337
— IV 29, 30, 31, 33, 37, 45
— kylix 19
Armenia 261, 263, 319
Arretine pottery 67, 126
Arrian 20, 83, 122
Arsamis 27
Arsinoe (Teucheira) 60
— II, Queen 53
Artemidorus Daldianus 309, 310-12
Artemion 259, 265, 297
Artemis 89
Artemisia herba alba 123
Arucius Clarus, S. 319
Aryandes 26
Asbystae 18, 34
Asclepios, Temple of 286
Asgafa, el- 199
Asia 134, 135, 186, 204, 205, 230, 235, 239, 243, 253, 261, 268, 270, 336
Asoka 54
Asses 124n.
Assyria 254
Astarte 235
Athena 17, 89
Athenians 49, 53, 101
Athens 15, 17, 28, 29, 31, 31n., 36, 43, 51, 66, 85, 101
Athribis 136, 296
Attaleia 270, 287
Attalids 204
Attica 37, 89n., 90n., 126
Attic pottery 125, 128
Attikos, R. 298n.
Augusta Praetoria 287
Augustus 67, 70, 72, 73, 165, 174, 176, 183, 185, 192, 196, 207, 209, 219, 238, 298
Aujila 44-5
Auranitis 174
Aurelius, M. 277, 278, 284, 333
Aurez Mountains 234, 343
Ausigda 2
Automalax 104
’Avdat 262, 318
’Azariah, R. 304
Aziris 10, 79
Babylon 254
— (Egypt) 318
Babylonia 93, 126, 134, 172, 300, 311, 336
Bactria 26, 93
Bagga, el- 197
Balagrae 34, 72, 172n., 173, 271, 286, 290
Balagritae 173
Ballista-balls 143n.
Baltet 4
Baraibis son of Moiristheneus 130
Bar Hebraeus (Abu’al Faraj) 303
124, 187, 192, 198, 199, 227, 253, 290
Barkaios son of Euchrestos 86, 114
Baruch, Vision of 252, 253, 254
Bashan see
Bathanea
Bassacheos Paratomé 197
Bassachetae 150
Bath (Britain) 335
Bathanea 174n., 321
Batti ben Tabi 216n.
Battiad monarchy 32
Battus I (Aristoteles) 9, 10, 11, 13, 13n, 14, 15, 21, 32, 84, 275
— II 15, 16, 17, 21, 86, 127
— III 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 127
— IV 27, 29, 31
Battus (name) 13
Beans 129n.
Beersheba 325
Behneseh, el-, Oasis 229n.
Beischa 271
Bel Gadir, Wadi 15, 194
Bengazi 2, 4, 5, 8, 46n., 76, 80, 81, 99, 104, 127, 196, 204, 270, 287, 288. See also Berenice.
Benina 287
Ben Kosiba 141, 300, 307n., 325, 327, 331, 343-4
Berbers 226-7, 229
Berenice I 54
— II 52n., 54, 56
— (Bengazi) 59, 72, 101, 103, 112
— Jews at 160, 170, 183, 192, 196, 215, 270, 290, 291
Bernes 198
Bethar 199, 305-6» 326
Beth Govrin (Eleuthcropolis) 240
—Shean 153, 333n.
— She’ārim 151, 152, 343
— Shemesh 322
Beyruth 269
Bithynia 112, 120, 153
Blaundos 186
Bodele 45
Boii 309
Bomba 2, 79, 81, 338
Boreion 130, 193, 194
Botr 198-9, 226
Bouleuterion 166, 195n.
Boundary stones no, 171, 212-3
Braasa, el- 101
Brick kilns 129
Britain 231, 310n.
Bucoli 333
Budrash 174n.
Bu Grada see
Boreion
Busetta 130
Bu-Shifah 104
Byblos 151
Caenopolite nome 296
Caesarea Maritima (Palaestinae) 162, 182n., 219
— (Mauretania) 316
Caesius
Cordus 73
Calabria 209n., 215
Calanshu Sand Sea 4
Calendars, Dorian etc. 116, 153
Callimachus 61, 109n.
Cambyses 26, 127
Cameira 11
Camels 7, 78, 79n., 229n.
Campania 237
Camp prefect 311, 311n.
Canaanites 227, 228
Caracalla 264
Caravan trade 28, 43-5, 129
Carpasia 298
Carthage 2, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 57, 58, 86, 105, 128, 204, 230
Cartisthenes son of Archias 164
Cascellius Aristoteles 293n.
Cassius, G. Longinus 68
Castra Iudaeorum 133
Cato, M. Porcius 68
Cattle 20, 77, 78, 83, 86, 92, 125
Census, Roman 250
Centuriation (limitatio) hi, 205, 213n., 214, 214n., 215
Chana’anaim 174
Charax 121
Chariots 13
Cherronesoi 17, 49n.
Chickpeas 93
Chionis 13n.
Chios 15, 29, 98, 126
Christians 259, 285, 343
Cicero 206, 309
Cilicia 66
Cisterns 81
Classis praetoria 317n.
Claudia Venusta 68
Claudius 71, 72, 72n., 178-9, 180n., 208, 230, 243, 247, 251, 251n.
— Battus, Tiberius 277
— Jason Magnus 276-7
— Theophrastus, Tiberius 274
Cleisthenes 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 48
Cleopatra II 142
— VII 68
Cleruchs, cleruchies, katoikoino, 134, 136, 150-1, 158
Cleudamos 227, 228
Climate, climatic change 4 sqq., 75, 83, 108
Clinias 36n.
Cnossos 29
Cohors II Astyrum E(quitata) 310
— VII Breucorum 299, 310
— I Hispana 315
— I Lusitanorum 314
Coinage 18, 297
Coin hoards 17, 288, 296
Coins 16, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 40, 42, 45, 49, 50, 55-6, 38, 113, 126, 128
Cologne 240
Colonies of Ptolemies 52
Colonization 8 sqq.
Comanus 237
Commodus 281, 284
Conductores 217, 233, 324n.
Constantine the Great 316
Conventus provinciae 73
Corinth 15, 28, 83, 126, 204
Cornelius Balbus 68
— Lentulus, L. 69
— Lentulus
Cossus 69
— Lentulus Marcellinus 65-6
Corycus 186
Cos 37, 116
Crafts, craftsmen 31, 106n., 123-9
Crassus, M. Licinius 67
Crete 2, 9, 13, 18, 28, 33, 38, 48, 34, 60, 63, 73, 116, 126, 127, 207, 293n.
Cretulae 187
Criumetopon 72
Ctesiphon 319
Cucumbers 129n.
Cummin 93
Curium 269
Cybele, Temple of (Athens) 195n.
Cyclades 126
Cynics 245, 24511n.
Cynips 45
Cypress 77
Cyprus 15, 25, 29, 62, 127, 258-9, 260, 265, 267, 269, 297-9, 305, 319, 322, 326, 331, 335, 335n., 336, 338, 338n., 342
Cyrene
— Foundation 9-12
— Monarchy 8-52
— Second immigration 15-17
— Reform of monarchy 18-19
— Civil strife and Persian suzerainty 26
— Fall of monarchy 32
— Democratic constitution 35-39
— Civil war and Ptolemaic intervention 48-52
— Ptolemaic rule 52-63
— Roman rule 63-73
— Population 100, 101
— Name 12
— Jews in 175-190
— Buildings
— — Acropolis 12, 13n., 15, 41, 49, 71, 235, 273, 278
— — Agora 13, 15, 25, 28, 32, 33, 41, 194, 235, 273, 278-80
— — Apollo, Sanctuary of 15, 42, 47, 48, 272, 276, 338
— — — Spring of 12, 277
— — Aqua Augusta 71
— — Augusteum 279
— — Baths 273-4, 277, 281
— — Battus’ tomb 32, 241
— — Caesareum 71, 280, 281-3, 291
— — Colonnade of Hermes and Hercules 281
— — Gymnasia 280, 282, 293n.
— — Hesychius, House of 281
— — Jason Magnus, house of 277, 280, 281
— — Naval monument 338n.
— — Nomophylakeion 187, 280
— — Propylaea, Roman 273
— — Prytaneum 279 Revolt damage 269-85
— — Strategeion 40, 41n., 71
— — Tabularium 187n.
— — Tetrastyle monument 279
— — Theatre (Sanctuary) 42, 278
— — Zeus, image of 284
— — — Soter, portico 71 Temples
— — Apollo 12, 14, 16, 28, 29, 31, 41, 42, 109n., 128, 173n., 274-6
— — — (Agora) 41,42,87
— — — Ktistes 277
— — Apollo Nymphagetes 275
— — Artemis 12, 15, 17, 28, 127, 274-6
— — Athena 68
— — Capitol, alleged 279-80
— — Demeter 68
— — Dionysus 283
— — Dioscuri 273-4
— — Hadrian and Antoninus Pius 279-80
— — Hecate 273-4
— — Hermes 280-1
— — Isis 275
— — Opheles 32, 41, 279
— — Persephone 68
— — Plutos 273-4
— Temples E5, E6, 279
— — Zeus 15, 25, 42, 47, 130, 273-6, 283-5, 335
— — Nymph 13
Dab’ah, el 197n., 290-1
Dacia 341
Dacian War 262
Dehliyeh Oasis 229n., 315
Damascus 153, 261
Danube 231
Darius son of Hystaspes 26, 27, 85
Dates, date palm 6, 129
Darom 233, 323, 326-7
David 305
Dead Sea 233
Decapitation of dead 154, 154n.
Decebalus 341
Dediticii 242
Delos 89, 90, 90n., 167
Delphi 9, 10, 15, 22, 26, 29, 30, 3 31, 36, 39, 59n., 83, 87, 116, 333
Demes 37
Demeter 90n.
Demetrias 112, 153
Demetrius the Fair 54, 56
Demiurgi, demiurgi steles 33, 39, 39n.
Democracy 33, 37, 40
Demonax of Mantinea 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 33, 37, 38, 86, 127
Demophanes 56, 59, 159
Demosthenes 89n.
Derna 5, 80, 81, 171, 271, 272
Desert in Jewish history 224-5
— prophets 258
—, Western 228
Diaspora, Jewish 246-7, 252
Didius Gallus 187n.
Didyma 112, 153
Dihiyah el-Kahina 198
Dio Cassius 247, 258-9, 265, 297, 301, 320, 332
Diocletian 2
Diodorus Siculus 31, 86, 138
Dionysius of Syracuse 46
Dionysus 124n., 205, 334
Domains, royal 61, 66, 10, 11, 112, 175, 204, 206, 328
Dominus Flevit tombs 216
Domitian 145-6, 187, 220n., 247, 248, 252, 254, 289
Domitius Ahenobarbus, L. 69
—, M. 275
Donkeys 124n., 129
Dorians 34
Dorsa, el- 101
Dositheos 142
Driana 198, 270
Dry farming 93
Dumeh, e- 318n.
Dura Europos 161, 262n., 300, 313, 320
Dyaleis 117
Eaton, Captain William 338
Eastern Cyrenaica 290
Ecdelos 56, 59, 189
Edessa 319, 321n.
Edfu, Tel 156, 268
Economy of Cyrene 32, 74 sqq., 128
Egypt 2, 16, 17, 22, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 43, 53, 54, 55, 58, 60, 92, 93, 97, 104, 105, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 127, 131, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, 143, 147, 148, 152-3, 170, 192, 195, 206, 215, 228, 235, 244, 251, 257, 258, 265-6, 268, 271-2, 290, 294-6, 303, 306, 310-n, 314, 317n., 322, 326, 329, 330n, 332, 333, 336-7, 339, 339n., 340, 342
Egyptian prophet 221, 257
‛Ein Geddi 325
— Mara 5, 80, 81, 199-200
— Shahat 199
— Targhuna 5, 80, 110, 170-4, 197, 199, 236
Ekklesterion 167
Elazaros son of Jason 178, 186, I go, 219
Elea’zar = Aladdeir 197
— son of Simon 249
— ben ‛Azariah, R. 302
— ben Yair 258-9
Eli’ezer ben Harsum 324
— ben Hyrcanus, R. 302
Eleusis 89, 165
Eleutheropolis (Beth Govrin) 327
Elis 37, 39, 89, 116, 293n.
Elyashiv 130
Emporia 43
Eopliren 228
Ephebes 167, 178, 185
Ephesus 162, 185, 262
Ephors 39, 189, 242
Ephraim 325
Epictetus 247, 256, 256n.
Eratosthenes 123
Eretz Yisrael 151, 235, 263, 265, 300-308, 329, 335, 336, 340
Erosion of soil 76-7
Erotes 235
Eryxo 17
Essenes 256, 256n.
Estates, large 109
Euesperitae, (Euesperides-Bengazi) 8, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 40, 46, 47, 47n., 60, 63, 85, 93, 111n.
Eugammon 8
Euphrantas Purgos 57
Euphrates 263, 321, 322
Eupolemos son of Johanan 140
Eusebius 196, 259, 265, 266-7, 295, 296, 315, 316-7, 320, 328, 332, 336
Eutychius ibn Batrik 258, 301
Evelthon 25
Exodus 228, 249, 322
Export ro8, 121, 128
Ezekiel 228
Ezra, Second Book of 252-3
Farafa Oasis 315
Fayyidiyeh, el- 80, 81, 171, 199-200, 200n.
Fayyum ri8, 296
Fezzan 44-5, 68
Figs 85
Fiscus ludaicus 242
Flavia Neapolis 262
Flaviopolis 230
Flavius, governor of Cyrene 185
— Clemens 247
— Macer, T. 339
Flora 6
Fodder 92
Forest 6, 77, 78, 107
France 231
Fruit-trees 92
Gabinius, Aulus 318n.
Gaius Caligula 178, 243
Gaetuli 69, 174
Galilee 257, 260, 324, 325
Gamliel, Rabban 216n., 249n., 303
— III, Rabban 343
Ganymede 235
Garamantes 45, 68, 79
Garlic 118, 125
Gasr Belgara 172n.
— Bint el-Yahud 199
— e-Dash 229n.
— e-Zayyin 229n.
— Ibn Igdem 171, 199
— Madjad 48
— Nuara 171n.
— Targhuna 212
— Zifrin 57,130
Gaul 235, 341
Gaza 261
Géminés 5, 80, 81
Genius of the emperor 191
Geology 4, 74-5
Gerasa 235, 239, 243n., 307, 308
Gerdes, el- 81, 94
Germa 46n.
Germanicus 189
Germans 341
Germany 310
Gharib, el 171
Gilgammae 16
Golan 321, 323
Gold 45, 127
Golgoi 298-9
Gortyn 14
Grain 20, 62, 78, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 102, 107, 108, 120, 122, 125, 128, 129, 206, 244n., 306, 330, 340
Grain yields 99-100
Great Mother 239
Grinnos 9
Gubba, el- 72, 75, 80, 81, 94, 198
Gylippos 34
Gymnasia 67, 135, 140, 167, 178, 183, 185; at Ptolemais 288; at Cyrene 292, 293
Hadid (Hadita) 141
Hadrian 67, 72, 211n., 229n., 237, 245-6, 247, 252, 269, 270, 273, 275, 277, 282, 283, 285, 287, 291, 292, 293n., 294, 295, 297, 301, 302, 304-5, 307, 3io, 316, 317, 318, 3 19, 326, 339n., 342-3
Hanilai 321
Haniyah, el- 81
Harbours 2, 58-61
Hargiyeh Oasis 28, 45, 229, 315
Har Ha-Melekh 323
Harrubbah 141
Harvests 117
Hasidai 321
Hasmoneans 139, 143, 242, 306n., 323
Hassa, el- 101
Hassidim 248
Hauran (Auranitis) 174, 262
Hawat, el- 81
Hay 94
Hebrew inscriptions and names 149
Hebron 240
Hecataeus of Abdera 136-7
Helen of Adiabene 299
Hellenodikai 39
Heracles 13n., 239
Heracleia 89
Heracleous Thinoi 104
Heracleopolitis 296
Heraclides of Pontus 32
Heralds 51
Hermes and
Heracles 219
Hermippus 83
Hermoupolis 309
Hermoupolitis 296
Herod,
Herods 143, 144, 165, 172, 246, 260, 264, 32T
Herodeion t 66
Herodotus 9, 11, 13, 16, 18, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33n., 45, 79, 83, 84, 85, 86
Hesiod 12, 15
Hetairea 38, 39n.
Hezeqiah 249
Hezeqiah, High Priest 137-8
Hides 129
Hierapolis 134
Hiera Sykaminos 138
Hieromnamones 39
High Priests 33, 50, 63-4, 73, 113, 186
Hillel of Cyrene 307n.
Hippolytus 302
Hirbet el-Yahud 170, 199, 236
— Maga 111
Homonoia 187
Honey 129
Honio see Onias
Horeb el-Yahud 194n.
Horses 20, 83, 86, 86n., 123-4, 124n., 129
Horus 239
Huldali 141
Huldaios 141, 142
Hutzpit, R. 302
Hydrax 200
Hyginus no, 211, 212-3, 219
Hyrcanus, John 333
Iaboch, Iobbacli 197
Ibn Khaldoun 198, 226
Ibrahimiye, el- 133, 147
Iconoclasm 333-5
Idumaeans 161n., 174n.
Illyria 66, 128
Images, pagan 333-5
Infanticide 155n.
Inscriptions
— Adulis 54
— Aiglanor son of Demetrius 203n.
— Augustus’ edicts 69 sqq., 71, 177, 183
— Berenice, Jewish 160-70, 167n., 217
— Cathartic Law 36, 38, 77
— Cereal Stele 90, 97 sqq.
— Demiurgi steles 33, 39, 39n., 64, 87 sqq., 92, 93, 98, 107
— Eleusis, aparché 90
— Epliebe stele 177
— Fayyidieh, el- 199, 199n.
— Founders, Stele of the 10, 15n., 23, 35, 38, 39, 85, 36, 38, 77
— Grain contributions 291-3
— Hadrian’s edicts 292-4
— Memphis 160n.
— Negharnes 205-6
— Ptolemaic constitution 48, 50-52, 104, 106, 108-9, no, 129, 176, 187, 190
— Sunium lease 92
— Teucheira epitaphs iogn., 112, 113, 140, 142, 144-60
Instructors in archery 51
Ionia 51, 126
Irasa 10, 16
Irrigation 67
Isa 47
Iscina locus Augusti iudaeorum 198, 230-1, 230n., 232
Ishmael, R. 303, 327
— ben Phiabi 218-9
Isidorus, Bucolos 333
Isomoiria 180
Isonomia 176n., 180
Isopoliteia 180
Isoteleia 176, 180, 185
Italy 66, 126, 309
Itthalammon son of Apellas 167, 171
Itinerarium Antonini 230
Jacob and Simon sons of Judah 259
Jaffa 139, 144, 175n., 307n., 326, 339
Jarabub Oasis 315
Jarib, el- 80, 81
Jason of Cyrene 139, 218
— son of Ele‛azar 140
Jaulan 80, 81
Jebel el-Ahdar 2, 3, 19, 21, 39, 44, 74, 81, 82, 91, 94, 101, 109n., 119, 171, 223, 290
Jebel Zelten 4
Jerash (Gerasa) 307
Jerba, Isle of 45, 69
Jeremiah 199
Jericho 233, 325
Jerome 266, 295
Jerusalem 65, 137, 154, 167, 169, 215, 216, 219, 221, 236n., 249, 252, 255, 259, 299, 302, 307, 313, 325, 327, 341
Jerwa 198
Jesus 259
Jewish tax (half-sheqel) 221, 233, 246-7
Jews in the Cyrenes Amphitheatre 195
— Archons 193
— Age of marriage 156-7
— Civic status 176-190
— Communal organization 190-5
— Economic position—Teucheira 159
— Liturgies 193
— Military service 191n.
— Occupations 175
— Size of families and mortality 155-6
— — at Berenice 160-67
— — at Cyrene 175, 194
— — at ‛Ein Targhuna 170-74
— — at Ptolemais 167-70
— Teucheira 144-160
— in rural areas 195-200
— in Babylonia 262
— Libyan 307n.
— in Parthia 320n.
Jezreel, Plain of 325
Joab 304
John of Ephesus 334
— Hyrcanus 144
Jonathan the Weaver 152, 219, 220, 221, 222n., 223, 225, 228-9, 232, 258, 328, 344
José son of Synesius 299, 255, 257, 258, 301, 308, 321, 323, 326
Joshua ben Hanania R. 304
Juba 227
Jubilees, Book of 227
Judaea 112, 139, 140, 158, 218,
219, 220, 222, 231, 233, 242, 257, 262, 261, 264, 301, 301n., 322, 324n., 326-7, 331, 336, 339, 341, 342
Judah, agoranomos 306
Judah 249n.
— of Gamala (or Galilee) 249, 255
— the Maccabee 140
Julius Alexander, Tiberius 264, 319
— Caesar 68, 71, 178, 341
Jupiter 239
— Ammon 236
— Capitolinus 242
Juries 209
Justinian 194
Juvenal 333
Kaf e-Sabbat 199
Kainopolis 271, 290
Kapparodis or Kapparodos 139, 197
Katabathma 104
Kalymna 37
Kefar ’Aziz 327
Kenassiyeh, Wadi el- 15
King’s Mountain country, see Har Ha-Melekh 324
Kissos 229n.
Knodara 299
Koinon 56-7, 106
lvoré 302
Korobios 9, 10
Kuf, Wadi el- 3, 77, 80, 171
Kufra 44
Kuré, Spring of (Apollo) 12
Labienus 68
Labrakh 80
Lachares 334
Laconia 15, 128
Lake Chad 45
Lamludah 77, 80, 197n., 199, 272
Lamps 129, 175n., 235-241
Land, cultivated 103, 105, 107
— distribution 21, 21n., 24, 87
— tenure 61
Lanuvium 168, 216-7
Laodicea 243
Lapethos 298
Lato 116
Law courts 69-70
Learchos 17
Lebda, Wadi 76n.
Legions
— VII Claudia 269, 319
— III Cyrenaica 235, 300, 301, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 316, 326, 339, 339n.
— XXII Deiotariana 310, 311, 313
— X Fretensis 263, 301, 310
Legumes 90, 92, 93, 116, 117, 125
Lejja, el- 172, 321
Lejjun, el- 318n.
Lentils 93
Lentulus Marcellinus, Cnaeus 207
Leontopolis 134, 143, 147, 151, 153, 182, 318n.
Lepcis Magna 44, 58, 69, 166
Lethe 80
Leucosia 299
Leukon 17, 23
Libya 266, 296, 337
— Inferior 315
— Superior 315
Libyan nome 315
Libyans 13, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 27n., 32, 34, 35, 43, 47, 52, 57, 61-2, 64, 68, 69, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 86, 91, 96, 101-2, 107, 114, 123, 124, 125, 144, 149n., 150, 154, 155, 159, 173, 173n., 196, 198, 203, 207, 307
Libyarch 196, 196n., 203
Lindus 11
Lipari 46n.
Liturgies 70
Livy 309
Lobon 198
Locus 231
Loios 116
Lost Ten Tribes 226
Luata 198
Luceria 209n.
Lucuas 243, 265, 268, 303, 326-7, 329, 336
Lucanius Proculus 72
Lucullus 64, 65, 176, 189, 202-3
Ludus 290
Lulianus and Pappus 303, 304-5, 326, 327, 336
Lusaita, el- 3, 12, 39, 81, 94, 171
Lyceopolitis 296
Lycia 33, 34, 127
Lydda 141
Lydia 134, 321
Lusius Quietus 265, 300, 301, 302, 303-4, 305, 319-20, 320n., 321, 32n., 325, 327, 337
Macae 47, 79
Maccabees 225n., 228, 249, 333
—, Second Book of 139, 140, 146n.
Macedonia 315
Macedonians 53, 133, 158, 178-9, 180
Madian 228
Magas 53, 56-7, 58-9, 60, 61, 113, 115, 119, 124, 137, 172n., 337
Magdalis 174, 271
Magdola 174
Maghreb, el- 225, 226
Magna Graecia 14
Malalas, John 268n., 301
Malchus 227
Mameli 6, 77
Mampsis 262
Mantinea 15, 37, 39, 56, 59n., 293n.
Manual labourers 52
Maquis 77
Marawa (Mirwe) 5, 80, 81, 94
Marazig 11 o
Marble 126
Marcius Turbo, Q. 265, 317, 3170., 318, 344
Mark 196
Marmarica 16, 85, 99, 150, 271, 290, 294, 315
Marmarican War 64
Marmaritae 66, 68, 174
Marsa Delah 58n.
Martuba 5, 79, 85, 129, 271
Masada 166, 250, 256, 258
Masadalis 197n.
Masah 200
Massinissa 125
Matthias Antigonus 44, 366n.
Matziqim 233, 324, 324n.
Mauretania 317n., 318
Mecca 261
Medimnus 98
— Aegenitan 98
Medinet e-Sultan 198, 231
Megalopolis 59n., 166
Megarian pottery 126
Mekhili 80, 81
Melanippus 63
Memphis 253, 296, 316-7, 318,
318n., 327, 336, 340
Menahem 249, 255, 259
Menecrates 1720.
Menesarchos son of Euclirestos 40n.
Menorah symbol 152, 154, 170,
173, 235-7, 307
Mercenaries 16, 24
Mercury 239
Mereneptah 173n.
Mesogis 165n.
Mesopotamia 261, 265, 299, 319, 320, 321, 321n., 322
Messa 3, 6, 71, 75, 77, 80, 114, 170, 197n., 199, 200, 272, 290
Messene 35
Messiah 251, 253, 254, 255, 296, 328, 331, 337
Mesus, el- 82, 174
Metics 102, 176, 177, 185, 190
Michael Syriacus 301, 303, 3030.
Midianites 228
Midrash Sifri de-Bei Rav. 233
— Tannaim 233
Miletus 29, 162, 194n., 243
Milestones 72, 272-3
Minoan finds 8, 9
Mint workers 175
Mirweh see
Marawa
Mishnah 323
Mithridates of Pontus 201
Mitylene 116
Moors 301
Moses of Chorene 301
Mothers of the synagogue 164
Mount of Olives 221
Mules 124n., 129
Murabba’at 325
Nabataea 261, 324, 327
Nabataean lamps 238
Nafusah 198, 199, 227
Nahal Hever 325
Nahum ben Samai, R. 334
Names of Jews 149-152, 163
— applied to Diaspora rising 308-9
Naples 168
Nasamones 47, 69, 79, 231n., 234n.
Naustathmos 2
Naxos 29
Neapolis (Cyrenaica) 271, 272
Nedurah 229n.
Negev 233, 262
Negharnes 80, 112, 114, 124n., 172n., 199, 205-6
Nehardea 321, 321n.
Nemesis, Temple of (Nemeseion) 267, 295, 316, 317
Neptune 239
Nero 71, 72, 161, 163, 171, 210, 211, 243, 253, 328
—, False 261
Nerva 289, 296n.
Nicocrates 63-4
Nicolaos of Damascus 154n., 174n.
Niké statue 338n.
Nile Delta 315, 317, 318n.
Nisibis 319, 321
Noara 342n.
Nomophylax, nomophylakes 64, 64n., 178, 186, 187-190
Nomophylakeion 187, 187n.
Notion 167
Numidia 214, 230, 233
Numisius Marcellinus 277, 287
Nysa 112, 153
Oases 226, 229n., 315
Odruh 318n.
Oil 86, 121, 122
Oil presses 77
Olives 22, 77, 85, 129
Olympia 14, 15, 29, 31, 39, 83
Olynthus 41
Onias IV 134, 143, 147, 199, 318n.
Onymastos of Delphi 13
Opheles 25, 41
Ophelias 43, 48, 49, 50, 53, 57n., 137
Oreioi 54, 60, 101
Origen 312
Orosius 270, 291, 296, 336
Oxyrhinchos 296, 309
Paconius Agrippinus, Q. 212, 213, 219, 230
Painters 175
Palazzo dei Colonne 67, 288-9, 289n.
Palestine 126, 261, 342n.
Pamphylia 262
Panathenaic amphorae 35, 43
— games 35
Pangor 230
Panhellenic Federation (Panhellenion) 277n., 293, 293n., 294
Pankis 11
Pannonia 214
Panormus 231
Pantellaria 46n.
Papyrus Vaticanus 11-76n., 99, 129, 197, 271
Paraetonium 48
Paratomé Magdaleiton 197n-
Paros 29
Parthenon 25
Parthia 238, 253, 261, 262-3, 268, 301, 319, 320n., 341-2, 341n.
Pasture 76
Pasture tax (ennomion) 124
Patra 38
Patrimonium 233n.
Pausanias 29
Pausanias, high priest 64
Peas 93, 118n.
Peasants 5i
Pedius Blaesus 73
Pedo Vergilianus, M. 268n.
Peloponnesus 14, 15, 16, 18, 127, 293n.
Peloponnesian War 34
Pelusium 123, 295, 318, 318n., 327
Pentapolis 160, 160n., 306, 315
Perfumes 22, 86, 129, 129n.
Pergé 59n.
Pergamene pottery 126
Pergamum 120
Perioikoi 18, i8n., 23
Persia 16, 26, 31, 32, 45n., 76, 80, 81, 106n., 262n., 334, 337
Persian Gulf 319
Petra 238
Phainippos 89n.
Pharisees 248, 252
Pheidias 42
Pheretimé 25, 26, 27
Pheroras 36n.
Philaeni brothers 43, 47
Philammon, Liby arch 57
Philistines 322
Philo Judaeus 180, 182, 337
Philon son of Annikeris 41n., 42
Philonson son of Castor 57
Phoenicia 58
Phoenicians 1, 28, 227
Phormisios 103n.
Phratriai 36, 38
Phrygia 134-5, 321
Phycus 2, 72, 76, 95, 109n.
Phyle-ai 36, 37, 38, 50, 179
Phyle, Jewish 133
Physicians 51
Physiography of Cyrenaica 74 sqq.
Pindar 8, 12, 15, 27, 28, 29, 30, 45, 83
Pirates 60
Pisistratus 165
Pitch 118n.
Plataea (island) 9, 10, 11
Plato 35, 35n., 36n., 42, 56, 64, 129, 333
Plinthides in Pliny the Elder 72, 85, 92, 122, 124n., 165, 206, 209n., 271
Plotina 263-4
Ploughs 115
Plutarch 17, 18, 22, 24n., 333, 335
Politeuma 160, 161, 161n., 162,
165, 180, 182, 183, 191, 192, 193
Polyaenus 27
Polybius 332
Polyarchus 27, 17, 21, 23
Polykrates 26n.
Polymnestos 9
Pompeii 165
Pompeius Falco, Q. 262
Pompey 65, 68, 208, 260, 295
Pomponius Mela 43
Poppaea Sabina 218
Pontius
Pilate 260
Pontus 120
Population of Cyrene 104n.
Porcius Festus 218
Porters 52, 106n.
Potters 52, 128, 175n.
Potters’ kilns 128
Pottery 126
Praesidium 232
Prices, agricultural 116-7, 121
Price-fixing 116-7
Priene 41
Primus 239n.
Prinia 14
Procopius 193, 194
Proselytes 144, 154, 246
Proto-Corinthian pottery 128
Psenyris 136
Pseudo-Scylax 17, 34, 44, 46, 58, 85, 112
Pseudo-Dionysius Tel-Marensis 320
Ptolemaei Cyrenenses 168
Ptolemais 2, 11, 27, 59, 63, 65n., 66, 67, 71, 71n., 11, 128, 151, 167, 170, 171, 173, 175, 177, 178, 185, 187n., 189, 192, 204, 207, 213, 216, 217, 219, 227, 237, 270, 271, 288, 290, 342n.
Ptolemais, Egypt 169n., 178n.
Ptolemais, Phoenicia 169n.
Ptolemy I Lagos 38, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 61, 108, 109, 109n., 119, 130, 131, 133, 136, 138
— II Philadelphus 53, 61, 110, 132
— III Euergetes 52, 54, 56, 59, 60, 62, 144
— IV Philopator 61, 124n.
— V Eupator 57
— VII Philometor 62-3, 119, 142
— VIII Euergetes II 52, 57, 61, 62, 110, 112, 113, 119, 120, 121, 125, 131, 135, 112-143, 150, 194, 201, 204, 237, 337
— X Soter II 39, 56, 62, 112, 119, 124, 125, 201
Ptolemy Apion 63, 67, 110, 111, 203, 205, 207
Ptolemy = Ptolemaeus, Claudius 34, 122, 230, 273
Ptolemy Sympetesis 57, 62
Ptulumaion 212-3
Publicani 296n., 207, 208, 209n., 217
Pulmus Qitos 300, 302, 326-7, 343
Pulse 93
Purgos Euphrantas 130
Puteoli 67
Pythiad, Fourth 30, 45
Qidron, Valley of 167, 216
Qumran, Hirbet 224, 328
— Sect (Serakh ha-Yahad) 225, 229n., 256, 258, 344
Rainfall 74
Rammius Martialis 319
Ras el-Hammam 72, 76
— el-Hillal 76
— e-Sabbat 199
— e-Tin 3, 17, 79, 104
Rechabites 225
Red Sea 262
Red soils 81
Regensburg 197, 271
Rejima 80, 81
Rents 89
Repetundis 70, 71
Rephidim 199
Rhodes 11, 12, 15, 28, 34, 116, 126, 268, 293n., 336n.
Rice 90
Roads 34, 41, 72, 170, 171, 237, 310
Roman citizenship 183
Roman frontier 234
— rule 63 sqq.
Rome 2, 168, 266
— (goddess) 240
Roses 129n.
Rotations 91, 94, 97
Rufinus 312
Rufus Aurelius 285
Rutilius Lupus 267-8, 313, 316
Sabellian heresy 342n.
Sadducees 248
Saffron 93, 125, 129n.
Safsaf 76, 77, 80, 81, 111, 112
Sahal, e- 3
Sahara 74, 129, 225, 344
Sailors 175
Salamis (Cyprus) 25, 253, 297, 299, 332, 335
Salammoniac 127
Sallust 43, 207
Salt 45, 127
Salvius Carus 293
Samareia 174
Samaria 323
Samaritans 227, 262
Samians 28
Samos 11, 12, 15, 25, 26n., 29, 34, 37, 89, 231, 293n.
Samuel the Little, R. 303
Sandalion 174
Sanusis 75, 229n., 344
Sardis 15, 135
Sarmatians 261
Saturninus,
Sentius, G. 321
Sauno 6, 82
Schedia 136
Scythopolis 243n.
Sealstones 129
Seder ‛Olam Rabba 301, 306
Sekenoi 230n.
Seleuceia-on-Tigris 300, 319, 336
Seleucus III 321
Senate, Roman 62, 63, 65, 68, 70, 204, 207
Sepphoris 302
Septuagint 316
Serapeium 267, 295, 316-7, 328
Serapion, Poplius 277-8
Servius 43
Settlement areas 79 sqq.
Severan emperor 225, 264
Severus Alexander 264
— of Ashmunein 196
Shahat (Cyrene) 68
Sheep 6, 16n., 19, 20, 21, 23, 78, 83, 86, 94, 123, 125
Sheqel, half- 65
Sibylline Oracles 251, 252-3, 255, 268, 287, 313, 316
Sicarii 166, 220, 221, 224, 249, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260
Sicily 14, 25, 29, 204-5, 206, 231
Sidé 59n.
Sidi el-Hamrin 3
— Ibrahim el-Ghamari 270
Sikinos 230n.
Silené 75, 80
Silphium 16, 16n., 20, 21, 22, 23,
75n., 84, 90, 93, hi, 115, 122-3, 124, 125, 129, 206, 206n., 207
Simon bar Giora 256, 256n., 333, 325
— bar Yohai, R. 344
— of Cyrene 216
—, R. 249n., 303, 304, 327
— son of Simon 216
— the Hasmonean 141n.
— the Tanner 307
Sinai 318
Siret e-Jenein 272
— e-Dahar el-Amar 199
— Maga 172n.
Sirwal, a- 81
Siwa (Oasis of Amnion) 315
Slaves 101-2
—, Jewish 157-8
Slonta 5, 77, 80, 94, 171
Socrates 106n.
Soli 209, 297
Solinus 123, 124
Solluk 5
Solon 126
Spain 238
Sparta 14, 34, 45, 98, 116, 293n.
Stasis 65, 201
Steppe 6
Stlacii 67
Stoics 245
Stonecutters 155
Stone masons 175
Strabo (Geographer) 64-5, 79, 85, 90, 101, 114, 122-4, 165, 176, 177, 183, 185, 202, 218, 271
Stratopedon Iudaion 133
Strategoi 39, 40n.
Sudan 120
Suetonius 222
Sufenas Proculus 71
Sukkot, Festival of 161
Sulla 31, 202, 252
Sulidema, e- 3
Sulphur 58n.
Sulpicius Quirinius 68, 174
Summer crops 93, 118
Sunium 116
Susa 223
Synagogues 161, 162, 162n., 164, 193, 295, 299, 300, 316
Syncellus 266, 296, 336
Synesius 76, 95, 109, 139
Syntagmata 192, 192n.
Syracuse 40, 47, 48, 49
Syria 15, 118, 120, 124, 126, 172, 174, 239, 262n., 263-4, 305, 319, 336
Syrtis, Gulf of 3, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 46n., 47, 49, 57, 58, 68, 69, 81, 104n., 122, 128, 227, 230, 231n., 232
—, Gulf of, Jewish settlement on 58, 130, 131
Tabernacles, festival of 161
Table herbs 86
Tabula Peutingeriana 230
Tacitus 210, 211, 248
Tahpanhes (Daphnae) 199
Tarentum 36n.
Tarik al-Arqub 3
— al-’Aziza 4, 82
Teachers 51
Tecnis 5, 80
Tel el-Yehudiyeh 147, 153, 154
Telesterion 165
Tel Tevet see Edfu 267
Temenea 21
Temimi, Wadi 81
Temple of Jerusalem 65, 184-5, 240, 242, 253-4, 256, 305, 332
—, half-sheqel dues paid to 184, 191
Temple estates 61, 72, 87, 117, 125
Te nos 293n.
Ten Tribes, Lost 254
Terentius Yarro Murena, Aulus i68, 169
—, Marcus 172-3
Terra sigillata 126, 128
Tert 80
Tertullian 316
Teucheira (Tocra) 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 27, 34, 63, 67, 76, 77, 80, 81, 94, 101, 103, 111n., 129, 158, 163, 192, 196, 198, 198n., 204, 215, 216n., 227, 235, 236, 253, 267n., 268n., 270, 286-8, 290
—, Jews at 144-160, 175
Thasos 29, 126
Thebais 64, 201, 266, 296, 315, 328, 340
Thebes 45
Theochrestos son of Menasarchos 40
Theodorus of Cyrene 35n., 41
Theophilus 316
Theophrastus 20, 74-50., 77, 84, 86, 93, 122-3
Theophoric names 144, 150, 154
Theoxenos 142
Thera 8, 9, 10, 15, 15n., 18, 27, 33, 35, 38, 39, 43, 79, 82, 82n., 84, 135, 275, 293n.
Theste 16
Theta nigrum 312n.
Theudaisios 116
Theudas 221
Thimbron 48, 52, 61
Thinis 52, 104, 104n.
Tholos 166
Thrace 112, 230
Thuon 77, 128, 129
Thyateira 135
Tiberias 260, 343
Tiberius 71, 147, 154, 236n.
Tiberius Claudius Battus 277
Tibesti 44, 45
Tigris 319
Timber 128
Timoleon 47
Tirion, Day of 304
Titian 34
Tittius, M. 112, 161, 170, 183, 216, 217
Titus 230, 231
Tlos 118
Tobiah 2i6n.
Topos Magdalis 197
Tombs 15, 144 sqq., 171, 279
Trachonitis 172, 173, 321
Trade 18, 32, 34, 67, 123-7
Traiani Amnis 318
Trajan 72, 199, 213, 214, 219, 225, 226, 229, 229n., 232, 233, 234, 234n, 235, 237, 240, 241, 245n., 252, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261-4, 267, 268, 269, 270, 278, 281, 287, 288, 289, 290, 286n., 297, 300, 301, 302-4, 306, 307, 310, 313n., 3 314, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321n., 322, 314, 325, 326, 328-9, 334, 336, 340, 342, 343
Trajan’s column 341n.
Tralles 243
Transhumance 6, 20, 78-9, 95-6, 209, 209n., 328
Transjordan 325
Treasury of Cyrene, Delphi 36, 41
—, Olympia 15, 16, 16n.
Tributum soli 250
Trikinios 304
Triphylia 36, 38
Tripolitania 1, 44, 115, 226, 230, 232
Troginus 264, 304
Troy 8
Truffles 129
Tryphon 14 m.
Tumultus 272-3, 282-3, 308-10
Tunisia 1
Tyranny 24n., 32
Tyrians of ’Akko 144
Tzippori (Sepphoris) 302
Ulpius Traianus, M. 263
Valerius Catullus Messalinus, L. 220, 221, 222, 223
— Maximus 43
— Rufus, G. 269
Vendors of wine 52
Vetch 93
Via Traiana 262
Victoria Augusta 237n.
Victory lamps 238
Vines 22, 85, 85n., 92
Vespasian 141n., 143n., 212, 213, 215, 219, 221, 222, 223, 230, 231, 231n., 232-3, 247, 263, 238, 323, 324
Vulcan 239
Wall paintings 161
War of the Sons of Light with the Sons of Darkness, The—Scroll of 224, 225, 228, 232, 256, 328
Water supply 80 sqq.
Weavers 175
Western Desert 296, 328
Wheat 22, 85
Wine 85
Wool 19, 22, 129
Workers, manual 51, 106n.
Xiphilinus 268n., 332n.
Yavneh 231n., 325
Yehashabab, R. 302
Yehudiyeh 352
Yerahmiel 230
Yitshalom 168
Yohanan of Gush Halav (Giscliala) 249, 255
— ben Nuri, R. 302
Zaddoqite priesthood 249
Zama 47n.
Zamaris 172, 321
Zawani, e- 114
Zawia Beda (Balagrae) 80, 172, 173, 271
Zawiat Mesus 174
Zawiet, Sanusi 75, 229n.
Zealots 218, 224, 228, 229, 242-60, 249, 250, 254, 256, 260, 341
Zenata 198-9, 225, 226
Zeus 25
—, Temple of, Aizani 136
Salamis (Cyprus) 297
Zeus Ammon 239
— Capitolinus 335
— Lykaios 16, 39, 42
— Soter 279
Zeuxis 134-5
Zliten 130
Zoar 233, 325