INDEX

Abaid, el- 101

Abbiar, el- 3, 5, 75, 77, 80, 81, 94

Abbu Kabir 306

Abella 231

Abraham 228

Abu’al Faraj (Bar Hebraeus) 303, 303n.

Academy 67, 290

Achaeans 8

Acilius Strabo, L. 171, 207, 210, 212

Actium 338n.

—, era of 164, 174

Acts of the Pagan Martyrs 244, 263

Adam 138

Addidaios 141

Adiabene 319

Adriatic Sea 128

Aegina 29

Aeneas Tacitus 34

Africa 28, 44, 45, 69, 127, 129, 214, 214n., 215, 227, 228, 234, 235, 306, 343

African god, the 301

Agatharchides 137

Agathocles 49

Agis 137

Ager publicus populi Romani 110, 111, 169, 170, 171, 173, 203, 205, 206, 208, 208n., 210, 211-215, 217, 219, 223, 232, 250n.

Aglomachus 26, 86

Agoranomos 306-7

Agriculture 82-125

Agrippa II 218, 323, 324

—, M. Vipsanius 65, 69, 72, 184-5, 186, 189

Ahmar, el- 80

Aiglanor son of Demetrius 203

Ailat Fayyid 101

Aizani 136, 210n.

Ajedabia 44-5, 46n., 80, 174 Ajela, el- 104

’Akko (Ptolemais) 144, 150, 173, 174 see also Ptolemais (Phoenicia).

Akoris 40

Aksine 112, 153

Ala Augusta 339».

Alabanda 336

Aladdeir (Alatteir) 26, 43, 187n., 198, 203

Alexander of Cyrene 220

- the Great 32, 48, 53, 97, 106, 108, 128, 144, 178, 179

Alexandria 49, 59, 60, 126, 133, 175n., 178, 179, 180, 182, 202, 219, 221, 222, 242, 243, 244n., 245, 246, 248, 251, 257, 258, 258n., 260, 264, 266-7, 294-5, 307n., 316-7, 329, 331, 332, 335, 335n., 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342n.

Alexandrounesos 136

Algeria 225, 343

Amasis 17, 22, 23

Amber 128

Ammon 30, 313

—, Oasis of (Siwa) 28, 45, 48, 127. See also Siwa.

Ammonius of Barka 61

Ampelos 85n.

Amphitheatre, Jewish 160, 164-7

Amphiktyons 39

Anabus 61, 64, 203

Anaoi 89

Andreas 259

Annius, L. 307

Annikeris 41n.

Antaeus 13n.

Antenorids 8

Antigonus Matthias 236n.

Antinoupolis 287

Antioch 269, 304, 319

Antiochus I 53-4

— III 120, 134-5

— IV 242

Antipas 260

Antipater 328, 101

Antoninus Pius 67

— Flamma 73

Apamé 54

Apamea 164, 174

Apella i68n.

Aphrodite 187

Apicius 93

Apocalypse 336-7

Apollinopolis Magna 156

— Parva 296

Apollinopolitis 296, 316

Apollonia 2, 8, 9, 54, 58, 59, 63, 66, 71, 72, 80, 112, 160n., 163, 171, 175, 192, 196, 205, 223, 271, 273, 285-6, 290, 294, 339

Apollo 13, 275, 334

— Nomios 187

—, priests of 73, 86, 189, i8gn.

—, spring of (Kuré) 12, 277

Apollonius 49

— Molon 336n.

—, strategos 309, 315-6, 318, 332

Appian 137, 295, 309, 316, 327

Apries 16, 26n., 337

Apulia 209n., 214-5

’Aqiva, R. 304

Arabia 233, 239, 261, 263, 307

Arabs 261

Arae Philaenorum 46, 57

Aram Naharayyim 319

Aramaic 144, 150, 173, 174

Aratapliila 6t, 64, 65, 189, 201-3

Arcadia 39, 127

Archers 173n.

Archibios 142

Archilé 172n., 205n.

Archons, Jewish 193, 160, 161, 163

Argos 116

Aribaios 141

Arimmantos Komé 94, 109n.

Arimmas 109n., 114, i49n., 150-1, 151n.

Arinius Modestus, C. 223

Aristeas Letter 246

Aristophanes son of Parabaitas 41n.

Ariston 35

Aristotle 35, 36, 38, 48, 106n., 190

Ark of the Covenant 240, 322

Arkesilaos, name 12

Arkesilaos I 15

— II 17, 19, 22, 23, 24n., 25, 37, 84, 128, 203

— III 21, 22, 24, 24n., 25, 26, 26n., 27, 28, 30, 86, 87, 127, 198, 337

— IV 29, 30, 31, 33, 37, 45

— kylix 19

Armenia 261, 263, 319

Arretine pottery 67, 126

Arrian 20, 83, 122

Arsamis 27

Arsinoe (Teucheira) 60

— II, Queen 53

Artemidorus Daldianus 309, 310-12

Artemion 259, 265, 297

Artemis 89

Artemisia herba alba 123

Arucius Clarus, S. 319

Aryandes 26

Asbystae 18, 34

Asclepios, Temple of 286

Asgafa, el- 199

Asia 134, 135, 186, 204, 205, 230, 235, 239, 243, 253, 261, 268, 270, 336

Asoka 54

Asses 124n.

Assyria 254

Astarte 235

Athena 17, 89

Athenians 49, 53, 101

Athens 15, 17, 28, 29, 31, 31n., 36, 43, 51, 66, 85, 101

Athribis 136, 296

Attaleia 270, 287

Attalids 204

Attica 37, 89n., 90n., 126

Attic pottery 125, 128

Attikos, R. 298n.

Augusta Praetoria 287

Augustus 67, 70, 72, 73, 165, 174, 176, 183, 185, 192, 196, 207, 209, 219, 238, 298

Aujila 44-5

Auranitis 174

Aurelius, M. 277, 278, 284, 333

Aurez Mountains 234, 343

Ausigda 2

Automalax 104

’Avdat 262, 318

’Azariah, R. 304

Aziris 10, 79


Babylon 254

— (Egypt) 318

Babylonia 93, 126, 134, 172, 300, 311, 336

Bactria 26, 93

Bagga, el- 197

Balagrae 34, 72, 172n., 173, 271, 286, 290

Balagritae 173

Ballista-balls 143n.

Baltet 4

Baraibis son of Moiristheneus 130

Bar Hebraeus (Abu’al Faraj) 303

124, 187, 192, 198, 199, 227, 253, 290

Barkaios son of Euchrestos 86, 114

Baruch, Vision of 252, 253, 254

Bashan see

Bathanea

Bassacheos Paratomé 197

Bassachetae 150

Bath (Britain) 335

Bathanea 174n., 321

Batti ben Tabi 216n.

Battiad monarchy 32

Battus I (Aristoteles) 9, 10, 11, 13, 13n, 14, 15, 21, 32, 84, 275

— II 15, 16, 17, 21, 86, 127

— III 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 127

— IV 27, 29, 31

Battus (name) 13

Beans 129n.

Beersheba 325

Behneseh, el-, Oasis 229n.

Beischa 271

Bel Gadir, Wadi 15, 194

Bengazi 2, 4, 5, 8, 46n., 76, 80, 81, 99, 104, 127, 196, 204, 270, 287, 288. See also Berenice.

Benina 287

Ben Kosiba 141, 300, 307n., 325, 327, 331, 343-4

Berbers 226-7, 229

Berenice I 54

— II 52n., 54, 56

— (Bengazi) 59, 72, 101, 103, 112

— Jews at 160, 170, 183, 192, 196, 215, 270, 290, 291

Bernes 198

Bethar 199, 305-6» 326

Beth Govrin (Eleuthcropolis) 240

—Shean 153, 333n.

— She’ārim 151, 152, 343

— Shemesh 322

Beyruth 269

Bithynia 112, 120, 153

Blaundos 186

Bodele 45

Boii 309

Bomba 2, 79, 81, 338

Boreion 130, 193, 194

Botr 198-9, 226

Bouleuterion 166, 195n.

Boundary stones no, 171, 212-3

Braasa, el- 101

Brick kilns 129

Britain 231, 310n.

Bucoli 333

Budrash 174n.

Bu Grada see

Boreion

Busetta 130

Bu-Shifah 104

Byblos 151


Caenopolite nome 296

Caesarea Maritima (Palaestinae) 162, 182n., 219

— (Mauretania) 316

Caesius

Cordus 73

Calabria 209n., 215

Calanshu Sand Sea 4

Calendars, Dorian etc. 116, 153

Callimachus 61, 109n.

Cambyses 26, 127

Cameira 11

Camels 7, 78, 79n., 229n.

Campania 237

Camp prefect 311, 311n.

Canaanites 227, 228

Caracalla 264

Caravan trade 28, 43-5, 129

Carpasia 298

Carthage 2, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 57, 58, 86, 105, 128, 204, 230

Cartisthenes son of Archias 164

Cascellius Aristoteles 293n.

Cassius, G. Longinus 68

Castra Iudaeorum 133

Cato, M. Porcius 68

Cattle 20, 77, 78, 83, 86, 92, 125

Census, Roman 250

Centuriation (limitatio) hi, 205, 213n., 214, 214n., 215

Chana’anaim 174

Charax 121

Chariots 13

Cherronesoi 17, 49n.

Chickpeas 93

Chionis 13n.

Chios 15, 29, 98, 126

Christians 259, 285, 343

Cicero 206, 309

Cilicia 66

Cisterns 81

Classis praetoria 317n.

Claudia Venusta 68

Claudius 71, 72, 72n., 178-9, 180n., 208, 230, 243, 247, 251, 251n.

— Battus, Tiberius 277

— Jason Magnus 276-7

— Theophrastus, Tiberius 274

Cleisthenes 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 48

Cleopatra II 142

— VII 68

Cleruchs, cleruchies, katoikoino, 134, 136, 150-1, 158

Cleudamos 227, 228

Climate, climatic change 4 sqq., 75, 83, 108

Clinias 36n.

Cnossos 29

Cohors II Astyrum E(quitata) 310

— VII Breucorum 299, 310

— I Hispana 315

— I Lusitanorum 314

Coinage 18, 297

Coin hoards 17, 288, 296

Coins 16, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 40, 42, 45, 49, 50, 55-6, 38, 113, 126, 128

Cologne 240

Colonies of Ptolemies 52

Colonization 8 sqq.

Comanus 237

Commodus 281, 284

Conductores 217, 233, 324n.

Constantine the Great 316

Conventus provinciae 73

Corinth 15, 28, 83, 126, 204

Cornelius Balbus 68

— Lentulus, L. 69

— Lentulus

Cossus 69

— Lentulus Marcellinus 65-6

Corycus 186

Cos 37, 116

Crafts, craftsmen 31, 106n., 123-9

Crassus, M. Licinius 67

Crete 2, 9, 13, 18, 28, 33, 38, 48, 34, 60, 63, 73, 116, 126, 127, 207, 293n.

Cretulae 187

Criumetopon 72

Ctesiphon 319

Cucumbers 129n.

Cummin 93

Curium 269

Cybele, Temple of (Athens) 195n.

Cyclades 126

Cynics 245, 24511n.

Cynips 45

Cypress 77

Cyprus 15, 25, 29, 62, 127, 258-9, 260, 265, 267, 269, 297-9, 305, 319, 322, 326, 331, 335, 335n., 336, 338, 338n., 342

Cyrene

— Foundation 9-12

— Monarchy 8-52

— Second immigration 15-17

— Reform of monarchy 18-19

— Civil strife and Persian suzerainty 26

— Fall of monarchy 32

— Democratic constitution 35-39

— Civil war and Ptolemaic intervention 48-52

— Ptolemaic rule 52-63

— Roman rule 63-73

— Population 100, 101

— Name 12

— Jews in 175-190

— Buildings

— — Acropolis 12, 13n., 15, 41, 49, 71, 235, 273, 278

— — Agora 13, 15, 25, 28, 32, 33, 41, 194, 235, 273, 278-80

— — Apollo, Sanctuary of 15, 42, 47, 48, 272, 276, 338

— — — Spring of 12, 277

— — Aqua Augusta 71

— — Augusteum 279

— — Baths 273-4, 277, 281

— — Battus’ tomb 32, 241

— — Caesareum 71, 280, 281-3, 291

— — Colonnade of Hermes and Hercules 281

— — Gymnasia 280, 282, 293n.

— — Hesychius, House of 281

— — Jason Magnus, house of 277, 280, 281

— — Naval monument 338n.

— — Nomophylakeion 187, 280

— — Propylaea, Roman 273

— — Prytaneum 279 Revolt damage 269-85

— — Strategeion 40, 41n., 71

— — Tabularium 187n.

— — Tetrastyle monument 279

— — Theatre (Sanctuary) 42, 278

— — Zeus, image of 284

— — — Soter, portico 71 Temples

— — Apollo 12, 14, 16, 28, 29, 31, 41, 42, 109n., 128, 173n., 274-6

— — — (Agora) 41,42,87

— — — Ktistes 277

— — Apollo Nymphagetes 275

— — Artemis 12, 15, 17, 28, 127, 274-6

— — Athena 68

— — Capitol, alleged 279-80

— — Demeter 68

— — Dionysus 283

— — Dioscuri 273-4

— — Hadrian and Antoninus Pius 279-80

— — Hecate 273-4

— — Hermes 280-1

— — Isis 275

— — Opheles 32, 41, 279

— — Persephone 68

— — Plutos 273-4

— Temples E5, E6, 279

— — Zeus 15, 25, 42, 47, 130, 273-6, 283-5, 335

— — Nymph 13


Dab’ah, el 197n., 290-1

Dacia 341

Dacian War 262

Dehliyeh Oasis 229n., 315

Damascus 153, 261

Danube 231

Darius son of Hystaspes 26, 27, 85

Dates, date palm 6, 129

Darom 233, 323, 326-7

David 305

Dead Sea 233

Decapitation of dead 154, 154n.

Decebalus 341

Dediticii 242

Delos 89, 90, 90n., 167

Delphi 9, 10, 15, 22, 26, 29, 30, 3 31, 36, 39, 59n., 83, 87, 116, 333

Demes 37

Demeter 90n.

Demetrias 112, 153

Demetrius the Fair 54, 56

Demiurgi, demiurgi steles 33, 39, 39n.

Democracy 33, 37, 40

Demonax of Mantinea 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 33, 37, 38, 86, 127

Demophanes 56, 59, 159

Demosthenes 89n.

Derna 5, 80, 81, 171, 271, 272

Desert in Jewish history 224-5

— prophets 258

—, Western 228

Diaspora, Jewish 246-7, 252

Didius Gallus 187n.

Didyma 112, 153

Dihiyah el-Kahina 198

Dio Cassius 247, 258-9, 265, 297, 301, 320, 332

Diocletian 2

Diodorus Siculus 31, 86, 138

Dionysius of Syracuse 46

Dionysus 124n., 205, 334

Domains, royal 61, 66, 10, 11, 112, 175, 204, 206, 328

Dominus Flevit tombs 216

Domitian 145-6, 187, 220n., 247, 248, 252, 254, 289

Domitius Ahenobarbus, L. 69

—, M. 275

Donkeys 124n., 129

Dorians 34

Dorsa, el- 101

Dositheos 142

Driana 198, 270

Dry farming 93

Dumeh, e- 318n.

Dura Europos 161, 262n., 300, 313, 320

Dyaleis 117


Eaton, Captain William 338

Eastern Cyrenaica 290

Ecdelos 56, 59, 189

Edessa 319, 321n.

Edfu, Tel 156, 268

Economy of Cyrene 32, 74 sqq., 128

Egypt 2, 16, 17, 22, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 43, 53, 54, 55, 58, 60, 92, 93, 97, 104, 105, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 127, 131, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, 143, 147, 148, 152-3, 170, 192, 195, 206, 215, 228, 235, 244, 251, 257, 258, 265-6, 268, 271-2, 290, 294-6, 303, 306, 310-n, 314, 317n., 322, 326, 329, 330n, 332, 333, 336-7, 339, 339n., 340, 342

Egyptian prophet 221, 257

‛Ein Geddi 325

— Mara 5, 80, 81, 199-200

— Shahat 199

— Targhuna 5, 80, 110, 170-4, 197, 199, 236

Ekklesterion 167

Elazaros son of Jason 178, 186, I go, 219

Elea’zar = Aladdeir 197

— son of Simon 249

— ben ‛Azariah, R. 302

— ben Yair 258-9

Eli’ezer ben Harsum 324

— ben Hyrcanus, R. 302

Eleusis 89, 165

Eleutheropolis (Beth Govrin) 327

Elis 37, 39, 89, 116, 293n.

Elyashiv 130

Emporia 43

Eopliren 228

Ephebes 167, 178, 185

Ephesus 162, 185, 262

Ephors 39, 189, 242

Ephraim 325

Epictetus 247, 256, 256n.

Eratosthenes 123

Eretz Yisrael 151, 235, 263, 265, 300-308, 329, 335, 336, 340

Erosion of soil 76-7

Erotes 235

Eryxo 17

Essenes 256, 256n.

Estates, large 109

Euesperitae, (Euesperides-Bengazi) 8, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 40, 46, 47, 47n., 60, 63, 85, 93, 111n.

Eugammon 8

Euphrantas Purgos 57

Euphrates 263, 321, 322

Eupolemos son of Johanan 140

Eusebius 196, 259, 265, 266-7, 295, 296, 315, 316-7, 320, 328, 332, 336

Eutychius ibn Batrik 258, 301

Evelthon 25

Exodus 228, 249, 322

Export ro8, 121, 128

Ezekiel 228

Ezra, Second Book of 252-3


Farafa Oasis 315

Fayyidiyeh, el- 80, 81, 171, 199-200, 200n.

Fayyum ri8, 296

Fezzan 44-5, 68

Figs 85

Fiscus ludaicus 242

Flavia Neapolis 262

Flaviopolis 230

Flavius, governor of Cyrene 185

— Clemens 247

— Macer, T. 339

Flora 6

Fodder 92

Forest 6, 77, 78, 107

France 231

Fruit-trees 92


Gabinius, Aulus 318n.

Gaius Caligula 178, 243

Gaetuli 69, 174

Galilee 257, 260, 324, 325

Gamliel, Rabban 216n., 249n., 303

— III, Rabban 343

Ganymede 235

Garamantes 45, 68, 79

Garlic 118, 125

Gasr Belgara 172n.

— Bint el-Yahud 199

— e-Dash 229n.

— e-Zayyin 229n.

— Ibn Igdem 171, 199

— Madjad 48

— Nuara 171n.

— Targhuna 212

— Zifrin 57,130

Gaul 235, 341

Gaza 261

Géminés 5, 80, 81

Genius of the emperor 191

Geology 4, 74-5

Gerasa 235, 239, 243n., 307, 308

Gerdes, el- 81, 94

Germa 46n.

Germanicus 189

Germans 341

Germany 310

Gharib, el 171

Gilgammae 16

Golan 321, 323

Gold 45, 127

Golgoi 298-9

Gortyn 14

Grain 20, 62, 78, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 102, 107, 108, 120, 122, 125, 128, 129, 206, 244n., 306, 330, 340

Grain yields 99-100

Great Mother 239

Grinnos 9

Gubba, el- 72, 75, 80, 81, 94, 198

Gylippos 34

Gymnasia 67, 135, 140, 167, 178, 183, 185; at Ptolemais 288; at Cyrene 292, 293


Hadid (Hadita) 141

Hadrian 67, 72, 211n., 229n., 237, 245-6, 247, 252, 269, 270, 273, 275, 277, 282, 283, 285, 287, 291, 292, 293n., 294, 295, 297, 301, 302, 304-5, 307, 3io, 316, 317, 318, 3 19, 326, 339n., 342-3

Hanilai 321

Haniyah, el- 81

Harbours 2, 58-61

Hargiyeh Oasis 28, 45, 229, 315

Har Ha-Melekh 323

Harrubbah 141

Harvests 117

Hasidai 321

Hasmoneans 139, 143, 242, 306n., 323

Hassa, el- 101

Hassidim 248

Hauran (Auranitis) 174, 262

Hawat, el- 81

Hay 94

Hebrew inscriptions and names 149

Hebron 240

Hecataeus of Abdera 136-7

Helen of Adiabene 299

Hellenodikai 39

Heracles 13n., 239

Heracleia 89

Heracleous Thinoi 104

Heracleopolitis 296

Heraclides of Pontus 32

Heralds 51

Hermes and

Heracles 219

Hermippus 83

Hermoupolis 309

Hermoupolitis 296

Herod,

Herods 143, 144, 165, 172, 246, 260, 264, 32T

Herodeion t 66

Herodotus 9, 11, 13, 16, 18, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33n., 45, 79, 83, 84, 85, 86

Hesiod 12, 15

Hetairea 38, 39n.

Hezeqiah 249

Hezeqiah, High Priest 137-8

Hides 129

Hierapolis 134

Hiera Sykaminos 138

Hieromnamones 39

High Priests 33, 50, 63-4, 73, 113, 186

Hillel of Cyrene 307n.

Hippolytus 302

Hirbet el-Yahud 170, 199, 236

— Maga 111

Homonoia 187

Honey 129

Honio see Onias

Horeb el-Yahud 194n.

Horses 20, 83, 86, 86n., 123-4, 124n., 129

Horus 239

Huldali 141

Huldaios 141, 142

Hutzpit, R. 302

Hydrax 200

Hyginus no, 211, 212-3, 219

Hyrcanus, John 333


Iaboch, Iobbacli 197

Ibn Khaldoun 198, 226

Ibrahimiye, el- 133, 147

Iconoclasm 333-5

Idumaeans 161n., 174n.

Illyria 66, 128

Images, pagan 333-5

Infanticide 155n.

Inscriptions

— Adulis 54

— Aiglanor son of Demetrius 203n.

— Augustus’ edicts 69 sqq., 71, 177, 183

— Berenice, Jewish 160-70, 167n., 217

— Cathartic Law 36, 38, 77

— Cereal Stele 90, 97 sqq.

— Demiurgi steles 33, 39, 39n., 64, 87 sqq., 92, 93, 98, 107

— Eleusis, aparché 90

— Epliebe stele 177

— Fayyidieh, el- 199, 199n.

— Founders, Stele of the 10, 15n., 23, 35, 38, 39, 85, 36, 38, 77

— Grain contributions 291-3

— Hadrian’s edicts 292-4

— Memphis 160n.

— Negharnes 205-6

— Ptolemaic constitution 48, 50-52, 104, 106, 108-9, no, 129, 176, 187, 190

— Sunium lease 92

— Teucheira epitaphs iogn., 112, 113, 140, 142, 144-60

Instructors in archery 51

Ionia 51, 126

Irasa 10, 16

Irrigation 67

Isa 47

Iscina locus Augusti iudaeorum 198, 230-1, 230n., 232

Ishmael, R. 303, 327

— ben Phiabi 218-9

Isidorus, Bucolos 333

Isomoiria 180

Isonomia 176n., 180

Isopoliteia 180

Isoteleia 176, 180, 185

Italy 66, 126, 309

Itthalammon son of Apellas 167, 171

Itinerarium Antonini 230


Jacob and Simon sons of Judah 259

Jaffa 139, 144, 175n., 307n., 326, 339

Jarabub Oasis 315

Jarib, el- 80, 81

Jason of Cyrene 139, 218

— son of Ele‛azar 140

Jaulan 80, 81

Jebel el-Ahdar 2, 3, 19, 21, 39, 44, 74, 81, 82, 91, 94, 101, 109n., 119, 171, 223, 290

Jebel Zelten 4

Jerash (Gerasa) 307

Jerba, Isle of 45, 69

Jeremiah 199

Jericho 233, 325

Jerome 266, 295

Jerusalem 65, 137, 154, 167, 169, 215, 216, 219, 221, 236n., 249, 252, 255, 259, 299, 302, 307, 313, 325, 327, 341

Jerwa 198

Jesus 259

Jewish tax (half-sheqel) 221, 233, 246-7

Jews in the Cyrenes Amphitheatre 195

— Archons 193

— Age of marriage 156-7

— Civic status 176-190

— Communal organization 190-5

— Economic position—Teucheira 159

— Liturgies 193

— Military service 191n.

— Occupations 175

— Size of families and mortality 155-6

— — at Berenice 160-67

— — at Cyrene 175, 194

— — at ‛Ein Targhuna 170-74

— — at Ptolemais 167-70

— Teucheira 144-160

— in rural areas 195-200

— in Babylonia 262

— Libyan 307n.

— in Parthia 320n.

Jezreel, Plain of 325

Joab 304

John of Ephesus 334

— Hyrcanus 144

Jonathan the Weaver 152, 219, 220, 221, 222n., 223, 225, 228-9, 232, 258, 328, 344

José son of Synesius 299, 255, 257, 258, 301, 308, 321, 323, 326

Joshua ben Hanania R. 304

Juba 227

Jubilees, Book of 227

Judaea 112, 139, 140, 158, 218,

219, 220, 222, 231, 233, 242, 257, 262, 261, 264, 301, 301n., 322, 324n., 326-7, 331, 336, 339, 341, 342

Judah, agoranomos 306

Judah 249n.

— of Gamala (or Galilee) 249, 255

— the Maccabee 140

Julius Alexander, Tiberius 264, 319

— Caesar 68, 71, 178, 341

Jupiter 239

— Ammon 236

— Capitolinus 242

Juries 209

Justinian 194

Juvenal 333


Kaf e-Sabbat 199

Kainopolis 271, 290

Kapparodis or Kapparodos 139, 197

Katabathma 104

Kalymna 37

Kefar ’Aziz 327

Kenassiyeh, Wadi el- 15

King’s Mountain country, see Har Ha-Melekh 324

Kissos 229n.

Knodara 299

Koinon 56-7, 106

lvoré 302

Korobios 9, 10

Kuf, Wadi el- 3, 77, 80, 171

Kufra 44

Kuré, Spring of (Apollo) 12


Labienus 68

Labrakh 80

Lachares 334

Laconia 15, 128

Lake Chad 45

Lamludah 77, 80, 197n., 199, 272

Lamps 129, 175n., 235-241

Land, cultivated 103, 105, 107

— distribution 21, 21n., 24, 87

— tenure 61

Lanuvium 168, 216-7

Laodicea 243

Lapethos 298

Lato 116

Law courts 69-70

Learchos 17

Lebda, Wadi 76n.

Legions

— VII Claudia 269, 319

— III Cyrenaica 235, 300, 301, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 316, 326, 339, 339n.

— XXII Deiotariana 310, 311, 313

— X Fretensis 263, 301, 310

Legumes 90, 92, 93, 116, 117, 125

Lejja, el- 172, 321

Lejjun, el- 318n.

Lentils 93

Lentulus Marcellinus, Cnaeus 207

Leontopolis 134, 143, 147, 151, 153, 182, 318n.

Lepcis Magna 44, 58, 69, 166

Lethe 80

Leucosia 299

Leukon 17, 23

Libya 266, 296, 337

— Inferior 315

— Superior 315

Libyan nome 315

Libyans 13, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 27n., 32, 34, 35, 43, 47, 52, 57, 61-2, 64, 68, 69, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 86, 91, 96, 101-2, 107, 114, 123, 124, 125, 144, 149n., 150, 154, 155, 159, 173, 173n., 196, 198, 203, 207, 307

Libyarch 196, 196n., 203

Lindus 11

Lipari 46n.

Liturgies 70

Livy 309

Lobon 198

Locus 231

Loios 116

Lost Ten Tribes 226

Luata 198

Luceria 209n.

Lucuas 243, 265, 268, 303, 326-7, 329, 336

Lucanius Proculus 72

Lucullus 64, 65, 176, 189, 202-3

Ludus 290

Lulianus and Pappus 303, 304-5, 326, 327, 336

Lusaita, el- 3, 12, 39, 81, 94, 171

Lyceopolitis 296

Lycia 33, 34, 127

Lydda 141

Lydia 134, 321

Lusius Quietus 265, 300, 301, 302, 303-4, 305, 319-20, 320n., 321, 32n., 325, 327, 337

Macae 47, 79

Maccabees 225n., 228, 249, 333

—, Second Book of 139, 140, 146n.

Macedonia 315

Macedonians 53, 133, 158, 178-9, 180

Madian 228

Magas 53, 56-7, 58-9, 60, 61, 113, 115, 119, 124, 137, 172n., 337

Magdalis 174, 271

Magdola 174

Maghreb, el- 225, 226

Magna Graecia 14

Malalas, John 268n., 301

Malchus 227

Mameli 6, 77

Mampsis 262

Mantinea 15, 37, 39, 56, 59n., 293n.

Manual labourers 52

Maquis 77

Marawa (Mirwe) 5, 80, 81, 94

Marazig 11 o

Marble 126

Marcius Turbo, Q. 265, 317, 3170., 318, 344

Mark 196

Marmarica 16, 85, 99, 150, 271, 290, 294, 315

Marmarican War 64

Marmaritae 66, 68, 174

Marsa Delah 58n.

Martuba 5, 79, 85, 129, 271

Masada 166, 250, 256, 258

Masadalis 197n.

Masah 200

Massinissa 125

Matthias Antigonus 44, 366n.

Matziqim 233, 324, 324n.

Mauretania 317n., 318

Mecca 261

Medimnus 98

— Aegenitan 98

Medinet e-Sultan 198, 231

Megalopolis 59n., 166

Megarian pottery 126

Mekhili 80, 81

Melanippus 63

Memphis 253, 296, 316-7, 318,

318n., 327, 336, 340

Menahem 249, 255, 259

Menecrates 1720.

Menesarchos son of Euclirestos 40n.

Menorah symbol 152, 154, 170,

173, 235-7, 307

Mercenaries 16, 24

Mercury 239

Mereneptah 173n.

Mesogis 165n.

Mesopotamia 261, 265, 299, 319, 320, 321, 321n., 322

Messa 3, 6, 71, 75, 77, 80, 114, 170, 197n., 199, 200, 272, 290

Messene 35

Messiah 251, 253, 254, 255, 296, 328, 331, 337

Mesus, el- 82, 174

Metics 102, 176, 177, 185, 190

Michael Syriacus 301, 303, 3030.

Midianites 228

Midrash Sifri de-Bei Rav. 233

— Tannaim 233

Miletus 29, 162, 194n., 243

Milestones 72, 272-3

Minoan finds 8, 9

Mint workers 175

Mirweh see

Marawa

Mishnah 323

Mithridates of Pontus 201

Mitylene 116

Moors 301

Moses of Chorene 301

Mothers of the synagogue 164

Mount of Olives 221

Mules 124n., 129

Murabba’at 325


Nabataea 261, 324, 327

Nabataean lamps 238

Nafusah 198, 199, 227

Nahal Hever 325

Nahum ben Samai, R. 334

Names of Jews 149-152, 163

— applied to Diaspora rising 308-9

Naples 168

Nasamones 47, 69, 79, 231n., 234n.

Naustathmos 2

Naxos 29

Neapolis (Cyrenaica) 271, 272

Nedurah 229n.

Negev 233, 262

Negharnes 80, 112, 114, 124n., 172n., 199, 205-6

Nehardea 321, 321n.

Nemesis, Temple of (Nemeseion) 267, 295, 316, 317

Neptune 239

Nero 71, 72, 161, 163, 171, 210, 211, 243, 253, 328

—, False 261

Nerva 289, 296n.

Nicocrates 63-4

Nicolaos of Damascus 154n., 174n.

Niké statue 338n.

Nile Delta 315, 317, 318n.

Nisibis 319, 321

Noara 342n.

Nomophylax, nomophylakes 64, 64n., 178, 186, 187-190

Nomophylakeion 187, 187n.

Notion 167

Numidia 214, 230, 233

Numisius Marcellinus 277, 287

Nysa 112, 153


Oases 226, 229n., 315

Odruh 318n.

Oil 86, 121, 122

Oil presses 77

Olives 22, 77, 85, 129

Olympia 14, 15, 29, 31, 39, 83

Olynthus 41

Onias IV 134, 143, 147, 199, 318n.

Onymastos of Delphi 13

Opheles 25, 41

Ophelias 43, 48, 49, 50, 53, 57n., 137

Oreioi 54, 60, 101

Origen 312

Orosius 270, 291, 296, 336

Oxyrhinchos 296, 309


Paconius Agrippinus, Q. 212, 213, 219, 230

Painters 175

Palazzo dei Colonne 67, 288-9, 289n.

Palestine 126, 261, 342n.

Pamphylia 262

Panathenaic amphorae 35, 43

— games 35

Pangor 230

Panhellenic Federation (Panhellenion) 277n., 293, 293n., 294

Pankis 11

Pannonia 214

Panormus 231

Pantellaria 46n.

Papyrus Vaticanus 11-76n., 99, 129, 197, 271

Paraetonium 48

Paratomé Magdaleiton 197n-

Paros 29

Parthenon 25

Parthia 238, 253, 261, 262-3, 268, 301, 319, 320n., 341-2, 341n.

Pasture 76

Pasture tax (ennomion) 124

Patra 38

Patrimonium 233n.

Pausanias 29

Pausanias, high priest 64

Peas 93, 118n.

Peasants 5i

Pedius Blaesus 73

Pedo Vergilianus, M. 268n.

Peloponnesus 14, 15, 16, 18, 127, 293n.

Peloponnesian War 34

Pelusium 123, 295, 318, 318n., 327

Pentapolis 160, 160n., 306, 315

Perfumes 22, 86, 129, 129n.

Pergé 59n.

Pergamene pottery 126

Pergamum 120

Perioikoi 18, i8n., 23

Persia 16, 26, 31, 32, 45n., 76, 80, 81, 106n., 262n., 334, 337

Persian Gulf 319

Petra 238

Phainippos 89n.

Pharisees 248, 252

Pheidias 42

Pheretimé 25, 26, 27

Pheroras 36n.

Philaeni brothers 43, 47

Philammon, Liby arch 57

Philistines 322

Philo Judaeus 180, 182, 337

Philon son of Annikeris 41n., 42

Philonson son of Castor 57

Phoenicia 58

Phoenicians 1, 28, 227

Phormisios 103n.

Phratriai 36, 38

Phrygia 134-5, 321

Phycus 2, 72, 76, 95, 109n.

Phyle-ai 36, 37, 38, 50, 179

Phyle, Jewish 133

Physicians 51

Physiography of Cyrenaica 74 sqq.

Pindar 8, 12, 15, 27, 28, 29, 30, 45, 83

Pirates 60

Pisistratus 165

Pitch 118n.

Plataea (island) 9, 10, 11

Plato 35, 35n., 36n., 42, 56, 64, 129, 333

Plinthides in Pliny the Elder 72, 85, 92, 122, 124n., 165, 206, 209n., 271

Plotina 263-4

Ploughs 115

Plutarch 17, 18, 22, 24n., 333, 335

Politeuma 160, 161, 161n., 162,

165, 180, 182, 183, 191, 192, 193

Polyaenus 27

Polybius 332

Polyarchus 27, 17, 21, 23

Polykrates 26n.

Polymnestos 9

Pompeii 165

Pompeius Falco, Q. 262

Pompey 65, 68, 208, 260, 295

Pomponius Mela 43

Poppaea Sabina 218

Pontius

Pilate 260

Pontus 120

Population of Cyrene 104n.

Porcius Festus 218

Porters 52, 106n.

Potters 52, 128, 175n.

Potters’ kilns 128

Pottery 126

Praesidium 232

Prices, agricultural 116-7, 121

Price-fixing 116-7

Priene 41

Primus 239n.

Prinia 14

Procopius 193, 194

Proselytes 144, 154, 246

Proto-Corinthian pottery 128

Psenyris 136

Pseudo-Scylax 17, 34, 44, 46, 58, 85, 112

Pseudo-Dionysius Tel-Marensis 320

Ptolemaei Cyrenenses 168

Ptolemais 2, 11, 27, 59, 63, 65n., 66, 67, 71, 71n., 11, 128, 151, 167, 170, 171, 173, 175, 177, 178, 185, 187n., 189, 192, 204, 207, 213, 216, 217, 219, 227, 237, 270, 271, 288, 290, 342n.

Ptolemais, Egypt 169n., 178n.

Ptolemais, Phoenicia 169n.

Ptolemy I Lagos 38, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 61, 108, 109, 109n., 119, 130, 131, 133, 136, 138

— II Philadelphus 53, 61, 110, 132

— III Euergetes 52, 54, 56, 59, 60, 62, 144

— IV Philopator 61, 124n.

— V Eupator 57

— VII Philometor 62-3, 119, 142

— VIII Euergetes II 52, 57, 61, 62, 110, 112, 113, 119, 120, 121, 125, 131, 135, 112-143, 150, 194, 201, 204, 237, 337

— X Soter II 39, 56, 62, 112, 119, 124, 125, 201

Ptolemy Apion 63, 67, 110, 111, 203, 205, 207

Ptolemy = Ptolemaeus, Claudius 34, 122, 230, 273

Ptolemy Sympetesis 57, 62

Ptulumaion 212-3

Publicani 296n., 207, 208, 209n., 217

Pulmus Qitos 300, 302, 326-7, 343

Pulse 93

Purgos Euphrantas 130

Puteoli 67

Pythiad, Fourth 30, 45


Qidron, Valley of 167, 216

Qumran, Hirbet 224, 328

— Sect (Serakh ha-Yahad) 225, 229n., 256, 258, 344


Rainfall 74

Rammius Martialis 319

Ras el-Hammam 72, 76

— el-Hillal 76

— e-Sabbat 199

— e-Tin 3, 17, 79, 104

Rechabites 225

Red Sea 262

Red soils 81

Regensburg 197, 271

Rejima 80, 81

Rents 89

Repetundis 70, 71

Rephidim 199

Rhodes 11, 12, 15, 28, 34, 116, 126, 268, 293n., 336n.

Rice 90

Roads 34, 41, 72, 170, 171, 237, 310

Roman citizenship 183

Roman frontier 234

— rule 63 sqq.

Rome 2, 168, 266

— (goddess) 240

Roses 129n.

Rotations 91, 94, 97

Rufinus 312

Rufus Aurelius 285

Rutilius Lupus 267-8, 313, 316


Sabellian heresy 342n.

Sadducees 248

Saffron 93, 125, 129n.

Safsaf 76, 77, 80, 81, 111, 112

Sahal, e- 3

Sahara 74, 129, 225, 344

Sailors 175

Salamis (Cyprus) 25, 253, 297, 299, 332, 335

Salammoniac 127

Sallust 43, 207

Salt 45, 127

Salvius Carus 293

Samareia 174

Samaria 323

Samaritans 227, 262

Samians 28

Samos 11, 12, 15, 25, 26n., 29, 34, 37, 89, 231, 293n.

Samuel the Little, R. 303

Sandalion 174

Sanusis 75, 229n., 344

Sardis 15, 135

Sarmatians 261

Saturninus,

Sentius, G. 321

Sauno 6, 82

Schedia 136

Scythopolis 243n.

Sealstones 129

Seder ‛Olam Rabba 301, 306

Sekenoi 230n.

Seleuceia-on-Tigris 300, 319, 336

Seleucus III 321

Senate, Roman 62, 63, 65, 68, 70, 204, 207

Sepphoris 302

Septuagint 316

Serapeium 267, 295, 316-7, 328

Serapion, Poplius 277-8

Servius 43

Settlement areas 79 sqq.

Severan emperor 225, 264

Severus Alexander 264

— of Ashmunein 196

Shahat (Cyrene) 68

Sheep 6, 16n., 19, 20, 21, 23, 78, 83, 86, 94, 123, 125

Sheqel, half- 65

Sibylline Oracles 251, 252-3, 255, 268, 287, 313, 316

Sicarii 166, 220, 221, 224, 249, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260

Sicily 14, 25, 29, 204-5, 206, 231

Sidé 59n.

Sidi el-Hamrin 3

— Ibrahim el-Ghamari 270

Sikinos 230n.

Silené 75, 80

Silphium 16, 16n., 20, 21, 22, 23,

75n., 84, 90, 93, hi, 115, 122-3, 124, 125, 129, 206, 206n., 207

Simon bar Giora 256, 256n., 333, 325

— bar Yohai, R. 344

— of Cyrene 216

—, R. 249n., 303, 304, 327

— son of Simon 216

— the Hasmonean 141n.

— the Tanner 307

Sinai 318

Siret e-Jenein 272

— e-Dahar el-Amar 199

— Maga 172n.

Sirwal, a- 81

Siwa (Oasis of Amnion) 315

Slaves 101-2

—, Jewish 157-8

Slonta 5, 77, 80, 94, 171

Socrates 106n.

Soli 209, 297

Solinus 123, 124

Solluk 5

Solon 126

Spain 238

Sparta 14, 34, 45, 98, 116, 293n.

Stasis 65, 201

Steppe 6

Stlacii 67

Stoics 245

Stonecutters 155

Stone masons 175

Strabo (Geographer) 64-5, 79, 85, 90, 101, 114, 122-4, 165, 176, 177, 183, 185, 202, 218, 271

Stratopedon Iudaion 133

Strategoi 39, 40n.

Sudan 120

Suetonius 222

Sufenas Proculus 71

Sukkot, Festival of 161

Sulla 31, 202, 252

Sulidema, e- 3

Sulphur 58n.

Sulpicius Quirinius 68, 174

Summer crops 93, 118

Sunium 116

Susa 223

Synagogues 161, 162, 162n., 164, 193, 295, 299, 300, 316

Syncellus 266, 296, 336

Synesius 76, 95, 109, 139

Syntagmata 192, 192n.

Syracuse 40, 47, 48, 49

Syria 15, 118, 120, 124, 126, 172, 174, 239, 262n., 263-4, 305, 319, 336

Syrtis, Gulf of 3, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 46n., 47, 49, 57, 58, 68, 69, 81, 104n., 122, 128, 227, 230, 231n., 232

—, Gulf of, Jewish settlement on 58, 130, 131


Tabernacles, festival of 161

Table herbs 86

Tabula Peutingeriana 230

Tacitus 210, 211, 248

Tahpanhes (Daphnae) 199

Tarentum 36n.

Tarik al-Arqub 3

— al-’Aziza 4, 82

Teachers 51

Tecnis 5, 80

Tel el-Yehudiyeh 147, 153, 154

Telesterion 165

Tel Tevet see Edfu 267

Temenea 21

Temimi, Wadi 81

Temple of Jerusalem 65, 184-5, 240, 242, 253-4, 256, 305, 332

—, half-sheqel dues paid to 184, 191

Temple estates 61, 72, 87, 117, 125

Te nos 293n.

Ten Tribes, Lost 254

Terentius Yarro Murena, Aulus i68, 169

—, Marcus 172-3

Terra sigillata 126, 128

Tert 80

Tertullian 316

Teucheira (Tocra) 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 27, 34, 63, 67, 76, 77, 80, 81, 94, 101, 103, 111n., 129, 158, 163, 192, 196, 198, 198n., 204, 215, 216n., 227, 235, 236, 253, 267n., 268n., 270, 286-8, 290

—, Jews at 144-160, 175

Thasos 29, 126

Thebais 64, 201, 266, 296, 315, 328, 340

Thebes 45

Theochrestos son of Menasarchos 40

Theodorus of Cyrene 35n., 41

Theophilus 316

Theophrastus 20, 74-50., 77, 84, 86, 93, 122-3

Theophoric names 144, 150, 154

Theoxenos 142

Thera 8, 9, 10, 15, 15n., 18, 27, 33, 35, 38, 39, 43, 79, 82, 82n., 84, 135, 275, 293n.

Theste 16

Theta nigrum 312n.

Theudaisios 116

Theudas 221

Thimbron 48, 52, 61

Thinis 52, 104, 104n.

Tholos 166

Thrace 112, 230

Thuon 77, 128, 129

Thyateira 135

Tiberias 260, 343

Tiberius 71, 147, 154, 236n.

Tiberius Claudius Battus 277

Tibesti 44, 45

Tigris 319

Timber 128

Timoleon 47

Tirion, Day of 304

Titian 34

Tittius, M. 112, 161, 170, 183, 216, 217

Titus 230, 231

Tlos 118

Tobiah 2i6n.

Topos Magdalis 197

Tombs 15, 144 sqq., 171, 279

Trachonitis 172, 173, 321

Trade 18, 32, 34, 67, 123-7

Traiani Amnis 318

Trajan 72, 199, 213, 214, 219, 225, 226, 229, 229n., 232, 233, 234, 234n, 235, 237, 240, 241, 245n., 252, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261-4, 267, 268, 269, 270, 278, 281, 287, 288, 289, 290, 286n., 297, 300, 301, 302-4, 306, 307, 310, 313n., 3 314, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321n., 322, 314, 325, 326, 328-9, 334, 336, 340, 342, 343

Trajan’s column 341n.

Tralles 243

Transhumance 6, 20, 78-9, 95-6, 209, 209n., 328

Transjordan 325

Treasury of Cyrene, Delphi 36, 41

—, Olympia 15, 16, 16n.

Tributum soli 250

Trikinios 304

Triphylia 36, 38

Tripolitania 1, 44, 115, 226, 230, 232

Troginus 264, 304

Troy 8

Truffles 129

Tryphon 14 m.

Tumultus 272-3, 282-3, 308-10

Tunisia 1

Tyranny 24n., 32

Tyrians of ’Akko 144

Tzippori (Sepphoris) 302


Ulpius Traianus, M. 263


Valerius Catullus Messalinus, L. 220, 221, 222, 223

— Maximus 43

— Rufus, G. 269

Vendors of wine 52

Vetch 93

Via Traiana 262

Victoria Augusta 237n.

Victory lamps 238

Vines 22, 85, 85n., 92

Vespasian 141n., 143n., 212, 213, 215, 219, 221, 222, 223, 230, 231, 231n., 232-3, 247, 263, 238, 323, 324

Vulcan 239


Wall paintings 161

War of the Sons of Light with the Sons of Darkness, The—Scroll of 224, 225, 228, 232, 256, 328

Water supply 80 sqq.

Weavers 175

Western Desert 296, 328

Wheat 22, 85

Wine 85

Wool 19, 22, 129

Workers, manual 51, 106n.


Xiphilinus 268n., 332n.


Yavneh 231n., 325

Yehashabab, R. 302

Yehudiyeh 352

Yerahmiel 230

Yitshalom 168

Yohanan of Gush Halav (Giscliala) 249, 255

— ben Nuri, R. 302


Zaddoqite priesthood 249

Zama 47n.

Zamaris 172, 321

Zawani, e- 114

Zawia Beda (Balagrae) 80, 172, 173, 271

Zawiat Mesus 174

Zawiet, Sanusi 75, 229n.

Zealots 218, 224, 228, 229, 242-60, 249, 250, 254, 256, 260, 341

Zenata 198-9, 225, 226

Zeus 25

—, Temple of, Aizani 136

Salamis (Cyprus) 297

Zeus Ammon 239

— Capitolinus 335

— Lykaios 16, 39, 42

— Soter 279

Zeuxis 134-5

Zliten 130

Zoar 233, 325

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