Lives of the Stoics: The Art of Living From Zeno to Marcus Aurelius

SOURCES CONSULTED AND FURTHER READING

Primary Stoic Texts and Histories

Annas, Julia, ed. Cicero: On Moral Ends. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Contains a very helpful introduction and timeline of Cicero’s writings.

Dyck, Andrew R. A Commentary on Cicero, De Officiis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.

Edelstein, Ludwig, and I. G. Kidd. Posidonius. Vol. 1, The Fragments. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Graver, Margaret. Cicero on the Emotions: Tusculan Disputations 3 and 4. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

Graver, Margaret, and A. A. Long, trans. and commentary. Letters on Ethics by Lucius Annaeus Seneca. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.

Kidd, I. G. Posidonius. Vol. 2, The Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

———. Posidonius. Vol. 3, The Translation of the Fragments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Includes important doxographical and historical source works such as Diogenes Laërtius, Plutarch, Tacitus, Suetonius, Dio Cassius, Athenaeus, Aulus Gellius, Historia Augusta, and others, along with Cicero and the many primary Stoic texts by Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. www.loebclassics.com.

Long, A. A., trans. How to Be Free: An Ancient Guide to the Stoic Life, Epictetus’ Encheiridion and Selections from Discourses. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.

Long, A. A., and D. N. Sedley. The Hellenistic Philosophers. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Lutz, Cora E. Musonius Rufus: The Roman Socrates. Yale Classical Studies, vol. 10. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1947. This collection of Musonius’s lectures and fragments was reissued without the Otto Hense Greek text under the title That One Should Disdain Hardships: The Teachings of a Roman Stoic, with an introduction by Gretchen Reydams-Schils. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2020.

Mensch, Pamela, trans., and James Miller, ed. Diogenes Laertius’ Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Not only a superb translation, but the collected essays are invaluable.

Pomeroy, A. Arius Didymus: Epitome of Stoic Ethics. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1999.

Ramelli, I. Hierocles the Stoic: Elements of Ethics, Fragments and Excerpts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009.

Thom, Johan C. Cleanthes’ Hymn to Zeus. Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity 33. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005.

von Arnim, Hans. Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903–5. Reprinted in four volumes by Wipf & Stock, Eugene, OR.

Historical and Intellectual Background

Adams, G. W. Marcus Aurelius in the Historia Augusta and Beyond. New York: Lexington Books, 2013.

Algra, K., J. Barnes, J. Mansfeld, and M. Schofield, eds. The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Arena, Valentina. Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Astin, A. E. Scipio Aemilianus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Barnes, Jonathan. Mantissa: Essays in Ancient Philosophy IV. Edited by Maddalena Bonelli. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2015.

Barrett, Anthony A. Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.

Bartsch, Shadi, and Alessandro Schiesaro, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Seneca. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Berthold, Richard M. Rhodes in the Hellenistic Age. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009.

Billows, Richard A. Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Birley, A. R. Marcus Aurelius: A Biography. London: Routledge, 2002.

Branham, R. Bract, and Marie-Odile Goulet-Cazé. The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Davies, Malcolm. “The Hero at the Crossroads: Prodicus and the Choice of Heracles.” Prometheus 39 (2013): 3–17.

Dawson, Doyne. Cities of the Gods: Communist Utopias in Greek Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Drinkwater, John F. Nero: Emperor and Court. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Everitt, Anthony. Cicero: The Life and Times of Rome’s Greatest Politician. New York: Random House, 2003.

Garland, R. The Piraeus: From the Fifth to the First Century B.C. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1987.

Gill, C. The Structured Self in Hellenistic and Roman Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Goodman, Rob, and Jimmy Soni. Rome’s Last Citizen: The Life and Legacy of Cato, Mortal Enemy of Caesar. New York: Thomas Dunne, 2014.

Grant, Michael. The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition. London: Routledge, 1994.

Green, Peter. Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Griffin, Miriam, and Jonathan Barnes, eds. Philosophia Togata I: Essays on Philosophy and Roman Society. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

Haskell, H. J. This Was Cicero: Modern Politics in a Roman Toga. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1942.

Laffranque, Marie. Poseidonios D’Apamée. Presses Universitaires de France, 1964.

Lavery, Gerard. “Cicero’s Philarchia and Marius.” Greece & Rome 18, no. 2 (1971): 133–42.

Millar, Fergus. The Roman Near East: 31 BC–AD 337. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.

Mitchison, Naomi. The Blood of the Martyrs. Edinburgh: Canongate, 1988. First published 1939.

Morford, Mark. The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius. London: Routledge, 2002.

Nussbaum, M. The Therapy of Desire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Quinn, Josephine C. In Search of the Phoenicians. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.

Raven, James, ed. Lost Libraries: The Destruction of Great Book Collections Since Antiquity. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. In particular, chapter 3, T. Keith Dix, “Aristotle’s Peripatetic Library.”

Rawson, Elizabeth. Cicero: A Portrait. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1994. Originally published 1975.

———. Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic. London: Duckworth, 2013. Originally published 1985.

Romm, James S. Dying Every Day: Seneca at the Court of Nero. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014.

Sedley, David. “Philodemus and the Decentralisation of Philosophy.” Cronache Ercolanesi 33 (2003): 31–41.

Smith, William, ed. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 3 vols. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007. Originially published 1849.

———. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Originally published 1842.

Striker, G. Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Williams, Gareth D., and Katherina Volk. Roman Reflections: Studies in Latin Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Wilson, Emily. The Greatest Empire: A Life of Seneca. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Woolmer, Mark. A Short History of the Phoenicians. London: I. B. Tauris, 2017.

Works on Stoicism

Bobzien, Susanne. Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001.

Brennan, T. The Stoic Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Brunt, P. A. Studies in Stoicism. Edited by Miriam Griffin and Alison Samuels. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Colish, Marcia L. The Stoic Tradition from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 1, Stoicism in Classical Latin Literature. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1985.

———. The Stoic Tradition from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 2, Stoicism in Christian Latin Thought Through the Sixth Century. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1985.

Edelstein, Ludwig. The Meaning of Stoicism. Martin Classical Lectures, vol. XXI. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966.

Engberg-Pedersen, T. Paul and the Stoics. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2000.

Erskine, Andrew. The Hellenistic Stoa: Political Thought and Action. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.

Gould, Josiah B. The Philosophy of Chrysippus. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1970.

Graver, Margaret. Stoicism and Emotion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

Hadot, P. The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. Translated by Michael Chase. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Hahm, David E. “Posidonius’ Theory of Historical Causation.” In Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt, II.36.3, pp. 1325–63. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1989.

———. “Diogenes Laertius VII: On the Stoics.” In Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt, II.36.6, pp. 4076–182, indices pp. 4404–11. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1992.

Ierodiakoou, Katerina. Topics in Stoic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Inwood, B. The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Jackson-McCabe, Matt. “The Stoic Theory of Implanted Preconceptions.” Phronesis 49, no. 4 (2004): 323–47.

Jedan, Christophe. Stoic Virtues: Chrysippus and the Religious Character of Stoic Ethics. London: Continuum, 2009.

Klein, Jacob. “The Stoic Argument from Oikeiōsis.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 50 (2016): 143–200.

Long, A. A. Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics. 2nd ed. London: Duckworth, 1986.

———. Problems in Stoicism. London: Continuum, 2000.

———. Stoic Studies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.

———. From Epicurus to Epictetus: Studies in Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

———. Greek Models of Mind and Self. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015.

Long, A. G., ed. Plato and the Stoics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Meijer, P. A. Stoic Theology: Proofs for the Existence of the Cosmic God and of the Traditional Gods. Delft: Eburon, 2007.

Motto, Anna Lydia. Seneca Sourcebook: Guide to the Thought of Lucius Annaeus Seneca. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert, 1970.

Newman, Robert J. “Cotidie Meditare: Theory and Practice of the Meditation in Imperial Stoicism.” In Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt, II.36.3. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1989.

Obbink, Dirk, and Paul A. Vander Waerdt. “Diogenes of Babylon: The Stoic Sage in the City of Fools.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 32, no. 4 (1991): 355–96.

Papazian, Michael. “The Ontological Argument of Diogenes of Babylon.” Phronesis 52, no. 2 (2007): 188–209.

Reydams-Schils, Gretchen. The Roman Stoics: Self, Responsibility, and Affection. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

———. “Philosophy and Education in Stoicism of the Roman Imperial Era.” Oxford Review of Education 36, no. 5 (2010): 561–74.

Robertson, Donald. How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2019.

Sambursky, Samuel. The Physics of the Stoics. London: Routledge, 1959.

Sandbach, F. H. The Stoics. 2nd ed. London: Duckworth, 1994.

Scaltsas, Theodore, and Andrew S. Mason, eds. The Philosophy of Epictetus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Schofield, M. The Stoic Idea of the City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Schofield, M., and G. Striker, eds. The Norms of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Sellars, J. Stoicism. Berkeley and Durham: University of California Press and Acumen, UK, 2006.

———. “Stoic Cosmopolitanism and Zeno’s ‘Republic.’” History of Political Thought 28, no. 1 (2007): 1–29.

———. The Art of Living: The Stoics on the Nature and Function of Philosophy. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.

———. Hellenistic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Sorabji, Richard. Emotion and Peace of Mind: From Stoic Agitation to Christian Temptation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Star, Christopher. The Empire of the Self: Self-Command and Political Speech in Seneca and Petronius. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.

Stephens, W. O. Epictetus and Happiness as Freedom. London: Continuum, 2007.

Valantasis, Richard. “Musonius Rufus and Roman Ascetical Theory.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 40 (2001).

Weiss, Robin. “The Stoics and the Practical: A Roman Reply to Aristotle.” DePaul College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Theses and Dissertations, Paper 143 (2013), http://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/143.