Russia: A History

GENERAL HISTORIES AND MONOGRAPHS

J. Blum, Lord and Peasant in Russia (New York, 1969), economic and social history from the era of Kiev Rus to the abolition of serfdom in 1861.

R. O. Crummey, The Formation of Muscovy, 1304–1613 (London, 1987), informed and highly readable interpretative survey.

R. S. Hellie, Slavery in Russia, 1450–1725 (Chicago, IL, 1982), thorough study of law and practice of slavery.

D. H. Kaiser, The Growth of the Law in Medieval Russia (Princeton, NJ, 1980), on the evolution of triadic, state-initiated legal institutions and concepts by Ivan III’s time.

J. L. H. Keep, Soldiers of the Tsar (Oxford, 1985), detailed history of army until 1874 conscription reform.

N. S. Kollmann, By Honor Bound: State and Society in Early Modern Russia (Ithaca, NY, 1999), on the meaning of ‘honour’ and ‘dishonour’ in Muscovite law and society.

E. Levin, Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slavs, 900–1700 (Ithaca, NY, 1989), study of ecclesiastical sources on such matters as marriage, sexual crimes, sexual deviance.

J. Martin, Medieval Russia, 980–1584 (Cambridge, 1995), comprehensive survey drawing upon most recent scholarship with new interpretations and analysis.

M. Perrie (ed.), The Cambridge History of Russia, i: From Early Rus to 1689 (Cambridge, 2006), authoritative essays on institutions, society, and culture in pre-Petrine Russia.

A. E. Presniakov, The Tsardom of Muscovy (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1978), classic pre-revolutionary account.

G. Vernadsky, A History of Russia (5 vols., New Haven, CT, 1943–69), survey from prehistory to 1682 and reflecting the perspective of the Eurasian school.

1. THE BEGINNINGS TO 1450

S. Cross and O. P. Sherbowitz-Werzor (eds. and trans.), The Primary Russian Chronicle: Laurentian Text (3rd edn., Cambridge, 1973), basic source for early history.

F. L. I. Fennell, The Emergence of Moscow, 1304–1359 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, 1968), detailed examination of Moscow’s growing political importance, emphasizing inter-princely conflicts, Mongol influence, and relations with neighbouring principalities.

———The Crisis of Medieval Russia, 1200–1304 (London, 1983), detailed political narrative.

C. J. Halperin, Russia and the Golden Horde (London, 1987), reinterpretation of Mongol impact, counterbalancing destructive aspects with evidence of close, pragmatic Mongol-Rus relationships.

J. Martin, Treasury of the Land of Darkness (Cambridge, 1986), on international fur trade from the ninth to fifteenth centuries.

B. A. Rybakov, Kievan Rus (Moscow, 1989), Marxist interpretation by leading Soviet historian.

Ya. N. Shchapov, State and Church in Early Russia (New Rochelle, NY, 1993), collection of essays on the institutional structure of the Church and its relations with the princes of Kievan Rus.

2. MUSCOVITE RUSSIA, 1450–1598

G. Alef, Rulers and Nobles in Fifteenth-Century Muscovy (London, 1983), essays on the institutions, symbols of autocracy.

P. Bushkovitch, Religion and Society in Russia (Oxford, 1992), on the change in élite religious life.

R. O. Crummey Aristocrats and Servitors: The Boyar Élite in Russia, 1613–1689 (Princeton, NJ, 1983), social history of the Muscovite aristocracy.

H. W. Dewey (comp., trans., ed.), Muscovite Judicial Texts, 1488–1556 (Ann Arbor, MI, 1966), texts of the law codes of 1497 and 1550 and other key documents.

J. L. I. Fennell, Ivan the Great of Moscow (London, 1963), political biography.

E. L. Keenan, Jr., The Kurbskii-Groznyi Apocrypha: The Seventeenth-Century Genesis of the ‘Correspondence’ Attributed to Prince A. M. Kurbskii and Tsar Ivan IV (Cambridge, Mass., 1971), controversial challenge to the authenticity of a set of crucial sixteenth-century sources.

M. Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier: The Making of a Colonial Empire 1500–1800 (Bloomington, Ind., 2002), survey of Russian expansion into the southern and south-eastern steppe.

V. O. Kliuchevskii, A History of Russia, 5 vols. (London, 1911–13), classic account by pre-revolutionary scholar, emphasizing colonization, endogamous forces of development.

N. S. Kollmann, Kinship and Politics (Stanford, Calif., 1987), shows family and clan at the heart of Muscovite power hierarchy and political conflict.

I. de Madariaga, Ivan the Terrible: First Tsar of Russia (New Haven, CT, 2005), readable, scholarly account of the infamous sixteenth-century tsar.

S. F. Platonov, Ivan the Terrible (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1974), translation of splendid pre-revolutionary biography.

A. E. Presnaikov, The Tsardom of Muscovy (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1978), excellent introduction to the early history of autocracy and its institutions.

R. G. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1981), detailed political narrative by leading Soviet historian.

I. Thyrêt, Between God and Tsar: Religious Symbolism and the Royal Women of Muscovite Russia (DeKalb, Ill., 2001), monograph showing how female piety served to empower royal women in Muscovite society.

3. FROM MUSCOVY TOWARDS ST PETERSBURG, 1598–1689

C. Bussow, The Disturbed State of the Russian Realm (Montreal, 1994), translation of important contemporary account.

R. O. Crummey, Aristocrats and Servitors (Princeton, NJ, 1983), social and political history of aristocracy in seventeenth-century Russia.

C. S. L. Dunning, Russia’s First Civil War (University Park, Pa., 2001), detailed account of the Time of Troubles.

R. S. Hellie, The Economy and Material Culture of Russia, 1600–1725 (Chicago, IL, 1999), valuable compendium of information on economic development in early modern Russia.

———Enserfment and Military Change in Muscovy (Chicago, IL, 1971), parallel studies of enserfment and landed military élite.

———(ed. and trans.), Muscovite Law Code (Ulozhenie) of 1649 (vol. i, Irvine, Calif., 1988), parallel Russian and English texts of critical, formative law code.

L. Hughes, Sophia: Regent of Russia, 1657–1704 (New Haven, CT, 1990), on the origins of the Petrine reform era.

V. M. Kivelson, Autocracy in the Provinces: The Muscovite Gentry and Political Culture in the Seventeenth Century (Stanford, Calif., 1996), original study of the provincial dimension to Muscovite politics.

———Cartographies of Tsardom: The Land and its Meaning in Seventeenth-Century Russia (Ithaca, NY, 2006), on Muscovite maps as a reflection of contemporary representation of imagination of the realm.

P. Longworth, Alexis, Tsar of All the Russias (London, 1984), broad survey of mid- seventeenth-century Muscovy.

G. Michels, At War with the Church: Religious Dissent in Seventeenth-Century Russia (Stanford, Calif., 1999), a critical, innovative study showing the relatively limited scale of the schism in seventeenth-century Muscovy.

M. Perrie, Pretenders and Popular Monarchism in Early Modern Russia: The False Tsars of the Time of Troubles (Cambridge, 1995), analysis of the pretender phenomenon.

S. F. Platonov, The Time of Troubles (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1970), sweeping pre-revolutionary analysis, emphasizing the interaction of dynastic, social, and national crises.

———Boris Godunov (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1973), classic liberal account.

R. G. Skrynnikov, The Time of Troubles (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1988), detailed, nationalistic account.

C. Stevens, Soldiers in the Steppe (De Kalb, Ill., 1995), on military reform and social development in Muscovy.

GENERAL HISTORIES AND MONOGRAPHS

P. Avrich, Russian Rebels, 1600–1800 (New York, 1976), on four great popular insurrections.

D. R. Brower and E. J. Lazzerini (eds.), Russia’s Orient: Imperial Borderlands and Peoples, 1700–1917 (Bloomington, Ind., 1997), stimulating collection of essays on the interaction between Imperial Russia and its non-Russian borderlands.

J. Burbank and D. L. Ransel (eds.), Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire (Bloomington, Ind., 1998), collection of innovative new studies with an emphasis on the cultural dimension.

R. O. Crummey, The Old Believers and the World of Antichrist (Madison, WI, 1970), pioneering case study of dissenting Old Believers.

B. Engel, Women in Russia, 1700–2000 (Cambridge, 2004), up-to-date summary incorporating recent scholarship.

W. Fuller, Jr., Strategy and Power in Russia, 1600–1914 (New York, 1992), fascinating analysis of military strategy and policy.

P. Gatrell, The Tsarist Economy, 1850–1917 (New York, 1986), general survey.

R. P. Geraci and M. Khodarkovsky (eds.), Of Religion and Empire: Missions, Conversion, and Tolerance in Tsarist Russia (Ithaca, NY, 2001), on religious interaction between various Christian and non-Christian confessions.

D. Geyer, Russian Imperialism (New Haven, CT, 1987), on interaction of foreign and domestic policy to 1914.

B. Jelavich, A Century of Russian Foreign Policy, 1814–1914 (Philadelphia, PA, 1964), excellent survey.

D. Longley The Longman Companion to Imperial Russia, 1689–1917 (Harlow, 2000), useful reference volume on Imperial Russia.

D. Lieven (ed.), The Cambridge History of Russia, ii: Imperial Russia, 1689–1917 (Cambridge, 2006), wide-ranging, thematic essays on institutions and processes of change in Imperial Russia.

H. D. Löwe, Tsar and Jews (Chur, 1993), careful analysis of the Jewish question in the Russian Empire.

M. L. Marrese, A Woman’s Kingdom: Noblewomen and the Control of Property in Russia, 1700–1861 (Ithaca, NY, 2002), analysis of the property rights of noble women as a reflection of women’s status and the aspirations of nobility.

B. N. Mironov, The Social History of Imperial Russia, 2 vols. (Boulder, Colo., 2000), comprehensive, quantitative study of society and state in Imperial Russia.

T. C. Owen, The Corporation under Russian Law, 1800–1917 (Cambridge, 1991), valuable study of the development of corporations in Imperial Russia.

W. M. Pintner and D. K. Rowney (eds.), The Bureaucratization of Russian Society from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century (Chapel Hill, NC, 1980), pioneering essays on bureaucracy and civil service.

M. Raeff, Understanding Imperial Russia: State and Society in the Old Regime (New York, 1983), broad synthetic study of Russia from the eighteenth to early twentieth centuries.

D. Ransel, Mothers of Misery (Princeton, NJ, 1988), original study of child abandonment and foundling care in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

A. M. Schrader, Languages of the Lash: Corporal Punishment and Identity in Imperial Russia (DeKalb, Ill., 2002), exploration of penal practice and reform as prism of social identities and status in Imperial Russia.

H. Seton-Watson, The Russian Empire, 1801–1917 (Oxford, 1967), detailed account, with particular attention to institutional, diplomatic, and minority history.

W. Sunderland, Taming the Wild Field: Colonization and Empire on the Russian Steppe (Ithaca, NY, 2004), suggestive analysis of steppe colonization and its role in empire-building.

A. Swift, Popular Theater and Society in Tsarist Russia (Berkeley, CA, 2002), exploration of a neglected but important sphere of popular culture.

E. K. Wirtschafter, Social Identity in Imperial Russia (De Kalb, Ill., 1997), comprehensive study of the complex social categories, with rich bibliography.

C. D. Worobec, Possessed: Women, Witches, and Demons in Imperial Russia (De Kalb, Ill., 2001), pioneering study of female possession in law, religious life, psychiatry, and literature.

R. Wortman, Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy (2 vols., Princeton, NJ, 1995–2000) on the symbols, ceremonies and culture of rulership.

4. THE PETRINE ERA AND AFTER, 1689–1740

M. S. Anderson, Peter the Great (London, 1978), traditional biography, with emphasis on foreign policy.

E. V. Anisimov, The Reforms of Peter the Great (Armonk, NY, 1993), revisionist interpretation.

G. Barany, The Anglo-Russian Entente Cordiale of 1697–1698 (Boulder, Colo., 1986), on the ‘Grand Embassy’.

P. Bushkovitch, Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725 (New York, 2001), political narrative, with strong emphasis on the antecedents and genesis of the Petrine reforms and rulership.

J. Cracraft, The Petrine Revolution in Russian Architecture (Chicago, IL, 1988), beautifully illustrated and broadly conceived.

———(ed.), Peter the Great Transforms Russia (3rd edn., Lexington, Ky., 1991), anthology of major interpretative essays.

M. Curtiss, A Forgotten Empress (New York, 1974), the only book-length treatment on Anna in English.

L. Hughes, Peter the Great (New Haven, CT, 2002), engaging scholarly biography.

L. Hughes Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven, CT, 1998), the standard general synthesis of the Petrine era.

A. Lentin (ed. and trans.), Peter the Great: His Law on the Imperial Succession in Russia (Oxford, 1995), translation of important defining political statement, ‘The Truth of the Monarch’s Will’.

E. J. Phillips, The Founding of Russia’s Navy (Westport, Conn., 1995), new interpretation on the origins of the Russian navy.

I. Pososhkov, The Book of Poverty and Wealth (Stanford, Calif., 1987), translation of important writing by a merchant in Petrine Russia.

N. V. Riasanovsky The Image of Peter the Great in Russian History and Thought (New York, 1985), overview of rhetorical and historical representations of Peter.

E. A. Zitser, The Transfigured Kingdom: Sacred Parody and Charismatic Authority at the Court of Peter the Great (Ithaca, NY, 2004), explores the discursive revolution in Petrine era.

5. THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT, 1740–1801

J. T. Alexander, Catherine the Great (New York, 1989), modern scholarly biography.

E. V. Anisimov, Empress Elizabeth (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1995), important study of key period of state-building.

G. L. Freeze, The Russian Levites: Parish Clergy in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, 1977), on transformation of the married parish clergy into a social and cultural caste.

R. E. Jones, The Emancipation of the Russian Nobility, 1762–1785 (Princeton, NJ, 1973), examines the politics of terminating obligatory state service for the nobility.

———Provincial Development in Russia (New Brunswick, NJ, 1984), case study of provincial life and administration in Catherinean Russia.

W. G. Jones, Nikolay Novikov (Cambridge, 1984), standard work on leading publisher and intellectual figure.

J. D. Klier, Russia Gathers her Jews (De Kalb, Ill., 1986), on the formation of the Pale of Settlement.

J. P. LeDonne, Ruling Russia (Princeton, NJ, 1984), controversial attempt to provide ‘class’ interpretation of state and policies.

I. de Madariaga, Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great (New Haven, CT, 1981), comprehensive portrait of Russian state and society in the second half of the eighteenth century.

G. Marker, Publishing, Printing, and the Origins of Intellectual Life in Russia, 1700–1800 (Princeton, NJ, 1985), on the role of state and public in the development of print culture.

M. Raeff, Origins of the Russian Intelligentsia (New York, 1966), imaginative attempt to explain how Petrine servitors became the disaffected intelligentsia.

———The Well-Ordered Police State (New Haven, CT, 1983), comparative study of cameralism and its transplantation to Imperial Russia.

D. L. Ransel, The Politics of Catherinean Russia (New Haven, CT, 1975), highly original analysis of clan and politics.

C. Whittaker, Russian Monarchy: Eighteenth-Century Rulers and Writers in Political Dialogue (DeKalb, Ill., 2003), on the emerging discourse about monarchy and its legitimacy.

6. PRE-REFORM RUSSIA, 1801–1855

W. L. Blackwell, The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1800–1860 (Princeton, NJ, 1968), on obstacles and achievements of economic growth in pre-reform era.

R. Friedman, Masculinity, Autocracy, and the Russian University, 1804–1863 (New York, 2005), considers how university studies shaped the sexual and political identity of Russian males.

J. M. Hartley, Alexander I (London, 1994), informed, readable survey.

A. von Haxthausen, Studies on the Interior of Russia (Chicago, IL, 1972), highly influential German analysis of Russian society in the 1840s.

S. L. Hoch, Serfdom and Social Control in Russia (Chicago, IL, 1986), case study of a serf estate in Tambov province.

W. B. Lincoln, In the Vanguard of Reform (De Kalb, Ill., 1982), on the Nicholaevan pre-reforms and the officials who laid the groundwork for the Great Reforms.

———Nicholas I, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias (De Kalb, Ill., 1989), positive, revisionist assessment of the emperor, with clear summary of state policy.

M. Malia, Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism, 1812–1855 (New York, 1971), brilliant intellectual history of both the age and the progenitor of Russian agrarian socialist thought.

A. M. Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries: Russian Conservative Thought and Politics in the Reign of Alexander I (DeKalb, Ill., 1997), on political thought in the wake of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic era.

D. Moon, Russian Peasants and Tsarist Legislation on the Eve of Reform (Houndmills, 1992), on the serf question and stability in the pre-reform era.

M. Raeff, Michael Speransky (The Hague, 1957), political biography within the context of Russia’s institutional development in the early nineteenth century.

J. Randolph, The House in the Garden: The Bakunin Family and the Romance of Russian Idealism (Ithaca, NY, 2007), microhistory of the Bakunin family suggesting a linkage between the personal and ideological.

M. Stanislawski, Tsar Nicholas I and the Jews (Philadelphia, PA, 1983), informative study of Jewish policy based on published sources.

E. K. Wirtschafter, From Serf to Russian Soldier (Princeton, NJ, 1990), on the social conditions of lower ranks in pre-reform era.

7. REFORM AND COUNTER-REFORM, 1855–1890

N. Breyfogle, Heretics and Colonizers: Forging Russia’s Empire in the South Caucasus (Ithaca, NY, 2005), on the role of Russian sectarians in colonizing the south Caucasus between the 1830s and 1890s.

D. R. Brower, The Russian City between Tradition and Modernity, 1850–1900 (Berkeley, CA, 1990), excellent synthesis of urban history in post-reform era.

B. Eklof, Russian Peasant Schools (Berkeley, CA, 1986), on the peasant role in shaping the content of elementary education.

———and J. Bushnell (eds.), Russia’s Great Reforms, 1855–1881 (Bloomington, Ind., 1994), important collection of essays on individual great reforms.

C. Ely, This Meager Nature: Landscape and National Identity in Imperial Russia (DeKalb, Ill., 2002), stimulating study of the role of nineteenth-century Russian painting and literature in making landscape an integral part of national identity.

T. E. Emmons and W. Vucinich (eds.), Russia: An Experiment in Local Self-Government (Cambridge, 1982), on the composition and role of the zemstvo in the post-reform era.

D. Field, The End of Serfdom (Cambridge, Mass., 1976), classic monograph on noble and state interaction in shaping the terms of emancipation.

———Rebels in the Name of the Tsar (Boston, MA, 1989), penetrating analysis of two major peasant disorders in 1860s and 1870s.

G. L. Freeze, The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Princeton, NJ, 1983), study of church reform (goals, politics, problems) within the larger context of social and political change.

C. Johanson, Women’s Struggle for Higher Education in Russia, 1855–1900 (Kingston, 1987), on the problem of female access to higher education.

W. B. Lincoln, The Great Reforms (DeKalb, Ill., 1990), best general overview of great reforms.

D. Staliunas, Making Russians: Meaning and Practice of Russification in Lithuania and Belarus after 1863 (Amsterdam, 2007), case study of nationality policy and its impact on the north-west.

S. F. Starr, Decentralization and Self Government in Russia, 1830–1870 (Princeton, NJ, 1972), on under-institutionalization and the zemstvo reform of 1860s.

R. Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia (2nd edn., Princeton, NJ, 1991), survey of different streams of women’s movement.

F. Venturi, Roots of Revolution (Chicago, IL, 1983), detailed narrative account.

T. R. Weeks, Nation and State in Late Imperial Russia (De Kalb, Ill., 1996), important monograph on the western borderlands, with particular attention to Polish and Jewish nationalism.

P. A. Zaionchkovskii, The Russian Autocracy under Alexander III (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1976), on counter-reforms of 1880s.

———The Russian Autocracy in Crisis, 1878–1882 (Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1979), on the dramatic confrontation of autocracy and revolutionary terrorism.

R. E. Zelnik, Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia (Stanford, Calif., 1971), on the early history of the labour movement and state response.

———Law and Disorder on the Narova River: The Kreenholm Strike of 1872 (Berkeley, CA, 1995), microhistory of an early labour conflict.

8. REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA, 1890–1914

A. Ascher, The Russian Revolution of 1905 (2 vols., Stanford, Calif, 1988–92), best synthesis of recent scholarship.

———P. A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia (Stanford, Calif., 2001), excellent study of Stolypin’s attempt to build a new order.

V. E. Bonnell, Roots of Rebellion (Berkeley, CA, 1983), detailed account of worker politics and mobilization, 1905–14.

J. Bradley, Muzhik and Muscovite (Berkeley, CA, 1985), urban history of Moscow in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

J. Brooks, When Russia Learned to Read (Princeton, NJ, 1985), study of popular reading culture, consumption, and major themes.

J. Bushnell, Mutiny and Repression (Bloomington, Ind., 1985), close analysis of the uneven pattern of soldiers’ involvement in revolution.

C. J. Chulos, Converging Worlds: Religion and Community in Peasant Russia, 1861–1917 (DeKalb, Ill., 2003), study of popular Orthodoxy in Voronezh province.

B. E. Clements et al. (eds.), Russia’s Women (Berkeley, CA, 1991), on women’s experiences and problems in modern Russia.

E. W. Clowes et al. (eds.), Between Tsar and People (Princeton, NJ, 1991), on the emergence of civil society.

H. J. Coleman, Russian Baptists and Spiritual Revolution, 1905–1929 (Bloomington, Ind., 2005), model study of Baptism and its relationship to tsarist and Soviet state.

O. Crisp and L. H. Edmondson (eds.), Civil Rights in Imperial Russia (Oxford, 1989), on reform and civil rights in early twentieth century.

J. Daly, The Watchful State: Security Police and Opposition in Russia, 1906–1917 (DeKalb, Ill., 2004), positive portrait of the political police in its struggle to combat the revolutionary movement.

T. Emmons, Formation of Political Parties and the First National Elections in Russia (Cambridge, 1983), on liberal and moderate parties as they prepare for the first Duma.

L. Engelstein, The Keys to Happiness (Ithaca, NY, 1992), a study of Russian society and culture seen through the prism of sex and gender.

O. Figes, A People’s Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution (New York, 1996), broad narrative account from the 1890s to the mid-1920s.

W. C. Fuller, Jr., Civil-Military Conflict in Imperial Russia, 1881–1914 (Princeton, NJ, 1985), insightful study of tension between military professionalism and civil service.

C. Gaudin, Ruling Peasants: Village and State in Late Imperial Russia (DeKalb, Ill., 2007), interesting exploration of peasant responses to ever more intrusive state from the 1880s.

M. F. Hamm (ed.), The City in Late Imperial Russia (Bloomington, Ind., 1986), case studies of several leading cities.

J. F. Hutchinson, Politics and Public Health in Revolutionary Russia, 1890–1913 (Baltimore, MD, 1990), study of medical profession and its response to issues of public health and politics.

D. C. B. Lieven, Russia and the Origins of the First World War (New York, 1983), on domestic causes of Russian entry into war.

———Russia’s Rulers under the Old Regime (New Haven, CT, 1989), prosopographical and biographical study of State Council.

R. T. Manning, The Crisis of the Old Order in Russia (Princeton, NJ, 1982), on shift of gentry from opposition to a conservative defence of old order.

S. Morrissey, Suicide and the Body Politic in Imperial Russia (Cambridge, 2006), examines the discourse on suicide to explore issues like selfhood and institutional conflict and power.

L. McReynolds, The News under Russia’s Old Régime (Princeton, NJ, 1991), on the development of a mass circulation press.

J. Neuberger, Hooliganism (Berkeley, CA, 1993), on youth and crime in St Petersburg.

J. Pallot, Land Reform in Russia, 1906–1917 (Oxford, 1999), critical account of the Stolypin reforms from the perspective of peasant responses.

A. J. Rieber, Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia (Chapel Hill, NC, 1982), sophisticated account of merchant-industrial élites in post-reform era.

R. G. Robbins, The Tsar’s Viceroys (Ithaca, NY, 1987), on profile and role of governors at end of old regime.

H. Rogger, Jewish Policies and Right-Wing Politics in Imperial Russia (Berkeley, CA, 1986), an important series of essays on the complexities of state policy and politics.

J. A. Sharp, Russian Modernism between East and West: Natalia Goncharova and the Moscow Avant-Garde (New York, 2006), on the creativity and achievements of Goncharov and Russian modernism before the outbreak of war.

V. Shevzov, Russian Orthodoxy on the Eve of Revolution (New York, 2004), study of lay piety in late Imperial Russia.

J. Smele and A. Heywood (eds.), The Russian Revolution of 1905: Centenary Perspectives (London, 2005), essays reflecting recent scholarship and especially valuable for the attention to the provinces and periphery.

E. C. Thaden (ed.), Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855–1914 (Princeton, NJ, 1981), valuable collection of essays on post-reform minority policy.

A. M. Verner, The Crisis of Autocracy (Princeton, NJ, 1990), close analysis of the emperor and bureaucratic élite responses to the challenges of revolution.

T. H. Von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia (New York, 1963), classic account of Witte and his industrialization policies.

N. B. Weissman, Reform in Tsarist Russia (New Brunswick, NJ, 1981), on the problem of rebuilding a more effective system of local government.

A. L. Wildman, The Making of a Workers’ Revolution: Russian Social Democracy, 1891–1903 (Chicago, IL, 1967), on the relations between Marxist intellectuals and politicized workers.

R. E. Zelnik (ed.), Workers and Intelligentsia in Late Imperial Russia: Realities, Representations, Reflections (Berkeley, CA, 1999), valuable essays on worker-intelligentsia relations in the pre-revolution.

8. GENERAL HISTORIES AND MONOGRAPHS

K. E. Bailes, Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton, NJ, 1978), path-breaking study of the Soviet technical intelligentsia.

J. S. Curtiss, The Russian Church and the Soviet State, 1917–50 (New York, 1953), balanced treatment of Soviet religious policies.

R. W. Davies et al. (eds.), The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945 (Cambridge, 1994).

J. Degras (ed.), Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy, 1917–41, 3 vols. (New York, 1978), important collection of documents.

M. Fainsod, How Russia Is Ruled (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1965), classic institutional and political history from pre-revolutionary roots to the Khrushchev era.

J. L. Gaddis, Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States (2nd edn., New York, 1990), good overview of Soviet–American relations.

W. Z. Goldman, Women, the State, and Revolution (Cambridge, 1993), on Soviet family policy from the revolution to the mid-1930s.

L. R. Graham, Science, Philosophy, and Human Behavior in the Soviet Union (New York, 1987), treats the impact of ideology on science.

T. Hasegawa, The Northern Territories Dispute and Russo-Japanese Relations, 2 vols. (Berkeley, CA, 1998), comprehensive account of the territorial dispute that has divided the two powers since the eighteenth century.

M. Heller and A. Nekrich, Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present, 2 vols. (New York, 1992), vigorously anti-Soviet émigré history, with fresh detail on many subjects.

G. A. Hosking, The First Socialist Society: A History of the Soviet Union from Within (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1993), excellent, well-informed account.

C. Kelly, Children’s World: Growing Up in Russia, 1890–1991 (New Haven, CT, 2007), on the history of children and adolescents in twentieth-century Russia.

P. Kenez, The Birth of the Propaganda State (Cambridge, 1985), insightful treatment of propaganda as critical instrument in early phase of Soviet state-building

———Cinema and Soviet Society (2nd edn., New York, 2001), reinterpretation of film and its impact, 1917–53.

M. Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System (New York, 1985), analysis by the doyen of the first generation of historians of the Soviet period.

M. McAuley Soviet Politics, 1917–1991 (rev. edn., Oxford, 1992), standard survey of political history.

———Russia since 1914 (Harlow, 1998), useful reference source with brief thematic entries as well as a detailed chronology, biographies, and statistics.

R. McNeal et al. (eds.), Resolutions and Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (5 vols., Toronto, 1974–82), basic set of translated official party resolutions.

M. E. Malia, The Soviet Tragedy: A History of Socialism in Russia, 1917–1991 (New York, 1994), lively, critical account of Soviet ideology and rule.

E. Mawdsley and S. White, The Soviet Elite from Lenin to Gorbachev (Oxford, 2000), prosopography of the Central Committee from 1917 to 1991.

J. L. Nogee and R. H. Donaldson, Soviet Foreign Policy since World War II (4th edn., New York, 1992), authoritative, wide-ranging account of foreign policy.

A. Nove, An Economic History of the USSR, 1917–91 (3rd edn., Harmondsworth, 1992), standard, but dated, history of Soviet economy.

R. R. Reese, The Soviet Military Experience: A History of the Soviet Army, 1917–1991 (New York, 2000), history of the Soviet army and its development.

———Red Commanders: A Social History of the Soviet Army Officer Corps, 1918–1991 (Lawrence, Kan., 2005), profile of the Soviet military officers, but more in terms of organizational than social history.

W. G. Rosenberg (ed.), Bolshevik Visions, 2 vols. (Ann Arbor, MI, 1990), valuable collection of documents on the cultural revolution.

L. Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2nd edn., New York, 1971), full political history of the Soviet Communist Party.

R. Service, A History of Twentieth-Century Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), detailed survey, with emphasis on political history.

G. Simon, Nationalism and Policy towards the Nationalities in the Soviet Union (Boulder, Colo., 1991), systematic overview of Soviet nationality policies.

R. Stites, Revolutionary Dreams (New York, 1991), sweeping account of utopian vision in early Soviet culture.

R. G. Suny (ed.), The Cambridge History of Russia, iii: The Twentieth Century (Cambridge, 2006), collection of essays on key spheres of Soviet history.

A. Vatlin and L. Malashenko (eds.), Piggy Fox and the Sword of Revolution: Bolshevik Self-Portraits (New Haven, CT, 2006), caricature sketches by members of the Bolshevik élite in the 1920s-1930s.

D. Weiner, A Little Corner of Freedom: Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to Gorbachev (Berkeley, CA, 1999), environmentalism during the Soviet era.

9. RUSSIA IN WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1914–1921

E. Acton, Rethinking the Russian Revolution (London, 1990), critical analysis of historiography on 1917.

———V. Iu. Cherniaev, and W. G. Rosenberg (eds.), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921 (Bloomington, Ind., 1997), essays and guide to the revolutionary era.

P. Avrich, Kronstadt, 1921 (Princeton, NJ, 1991), standard account.

S. Badcock, Politics and the People in Revolutionary Russia (Cambridge, 2007), well-researched attempt to explain the failure of the Provisional Government in 1917.

F. Benvenuti, The Bolsheviks and the Red Army, 1918–22 (Cambridge, 1988), on party-military relations.

R. P. Browder and A. Kerensky (eds.), The Russian Provisional Government, 1917: Documents, 3 vols. (Stanford, Calif., 1961), valuable but tendentious collection of documents.

E. N. Burdzhalov, Russia’s Second Revolution: The February 1917 Uprising in Petrograd (Bloomington, Ind., 1987), masterly account of the Petrograd revolution.

E. H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–1923, 3 vols. (London, 1985), classic study of the revolution and civil war.

W. H. Chamberlin, The Russian Revolution, 1917–1921, 2 vols. (Princeton, NJ, 1987), reprint of well-informed, highly readable account.

B. Farnsworth, Alexandra Kollontai: Socialism, Feminism, and the Bolshevik Revolution (Stanford, Calif., 1980), biography of leading feminist, and a useful introduction to the ‘women’s question’ in the early Soviet era.

M. Ferro, October 1917: A Social History of the Russian Revolution (London, 1980), examines the aspirations and expectations of different social groups.

O. Figes, Peasant Russia, Civil War: The Volga Countryside (Oxford, 1989), solid regional study of the peasantry’s role in the civil war.

———and B. I. Kolonitskii, Interpreting the Russian Revolution: The

Language and Symbols of 1917 (New Haven, CT, 1999), exploration of the political culture emerging amidst the revolutionary upheavals of 1917.

S. Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat of the Enlightenment: Soviet Organization of Education and the Arts under Lunacharsky, October 1917–1921 (Cambridge, 1970), standard account of cultural politics during the civil war.

P. Gatrell, A Whole Empire Walking (Bloomington, Ind., 1999), on the six million refugees displaced during the First World War.

A. Gleason, P. Kenez, and R. Stites (eds.), Bolshevik Culture: Experiment and Order in the Russian Revolution (Bloomington, Ind., 1985), important collection of essays.

W. Husband, Revolution in the Factory: The Birth of the Soviet Textile Industry, 1917–1920 (New York, 1990), on workers, trade unions, and revolution.

H. F. Jahn, Patriotic Culture in Russia during World War I (Ithaca, NY, 1995), on the disintegration of a common sense of nationhood during the war.

J. L. H. Keep, The Russian Revolution: A Study in Mass Mobilization (New York, 1976), comprehensive synthesis.

D. P. Koenker and W. G. Rosenberg, Strikes and Revolution in Russia, 1917 (Princeton, NJ, 1989), careful analysis of strikes and labour protest.

———and R. G. Suny (eds.), Party, State, and Society in the Russian Civil War: Explorations in Social History (Bloomington, Ind., 1989), valuable collection of essays.

M. McAuley, Bread and Justice (Oxford, 1991), broad-ranging study of Bolshevik policies and institution building in Petrograd.

M. McCauley (ed.), The Russian Revolution and the Soviet State, 1917–1921 (London, 1988), valuable collection of primary sources.

R. Pipes, The Russian Revolution (New York, 1991), anti-revisionist, political account.

———Russia under the Bolshevik Regime (New York, 1994), popular survey, casting blame on the intelligentsia and traditional Russian political culture for rise of authoritarianism.

A. Rabinowitch, Prelude to Revolution (Bloomington, Ind., 1968), close study of the July uprising in 1917.

D. J. Raleigh, Experiencing Russia’s Civil War: Politics, Society, and Revolutionary Culture in Saratov, 1917–1922 (Princeton, NJ, 2002), in-depth study of a province during the civil war, with powerful evidence of its devastating impact.

———Revolution on the Volga (Ithaca, NY, 1986), case study of the 1917 Revolution in Saratov.

T. F. Remington, Building Socialism in Soviet Russia (Pittsburgh, PA, 1984), on self-defeating attempts at mass mobilization.

R. Sakwa, Soviet Communists in Power (New York, 1988), on politics and government in Moscow during the civil war.

J. Sanborn, Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905–1925 (DeKalb, Ill., 2003), on the role of the military in nation building in late Imperial and early Soviet periods.

J. Smith, The Bolsheviks and the National Question, 1917–1923 (New York, 1999), reassessment of Bolshevik nationality policies, stressing improvization and the ad hoc nature of policy and its implementation at local level.

S. A. Smith, Red Petrograd: Revolution in the Factories, 1917–18 (Cambridge, 1983), sensitive analysis of Petrograd workers during the revolution.

M. D. Steinberg, Proletarian Imagination: Self, Modernity, and the Sacred in Russia, 1910–1925 (Ithaca, NY, 2002), examines literary works of ‘proletarian’ writers in late Imperial and early Soviet periods.

———(ed.), Voices of Revolution (New Haven, CT, 2001), valuable collection of primary documents, accompanied by interpretative text.

R. A. Wade, The Russian Revolution, 1917 (Cambridge, 2000), synthesizes the large volume of recent scholarship.

J. D. White, The Russian Revolution, 1917–1921 (London, 1994), recent general account.

A. K. Wildman, The End of the Russian Imperial Army, 2 vols. (Princeton, NJ, 1980–7), massively researched, standard account of the devolution of the army in 1917.

10. THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY AND REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIMENT, 1921–1929

A. M. Ball, Russia’s Last Capitalists (Berkeley, CA, 1987), analysis of NEP and ‘nepmany’.

———And Now my Soul Has Hardened (Berkeley, CA, 1994), study of the homeless orphans (bezprizorniki) during NEP.

F. L. Bernstein, The Dictatorship of Sex: Lifestyle Advice for the Soviet Masses (DeKalb, Ill., 2007), on the ‘sexual enlightenment’ campaign of doctors and public health workers in the 1920s.

E. H. Carr, The Interregnum, 1923–1924 (Harmondsworth, 1969), Socialism in One Country, 1924–1926, 3 vols. (Harmondsworth, 1970), and (with R. W. Davies), Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926–1929, 2 vols. (Harmondsworth, 1971–4), magisterial study of the first decade of Soviet rule.

W. J. Chase, Workers, Society, and the Soviet State (Urbana, Ill., 1987), on Moscow workers during the 1920s.

S. F. Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution (Oxford, 1980), political and intellectual biography of leading Bolshevik.

V. P. Danilov, Rural Russia under the New Regime (Bloomington, Ind., 1988), analysis of peasants in the 1920s by the leading Russian agrarian historian.

J. Dekel-Chen, Farming the Red Land: Jewish Agricultural Colonization and Local Soviet Power, 1924–1941 (New Haven, CT, 2005) on the role of Soviet authorities and an American Jewish organization in promoting Jewish agricultural communities in the Crimea and southern Ukraine.

S. Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union, 1921–1934 (Cambridge, 1979), provocative study of social changes and formation of a new élite.

———A. Rabinowitch, and R. Stites (eds.), Russia in the Era of NEP (Bloomington, Ind., 1991), collection of essays by leading scholars.

C. Gray, The Russian Experiment in Art, 1863–1922 (New York, 1986), valuable study of the artistic turmoil and experimentation in the 1920s.

J. Heinzen, Inventing a Soviet Countryside: State Power and the Transformation of Rural Russia, 1917–1929 (Pittsburgh, PA, 2004), study of Commissariat of Agriculture and institution building in the countryside.

L. E. Holmes, The Kremlin and the Schoolhouse (Bloomington, Ind., 1991), interesting assessment of the attempt to use education to engineer social change.

J. Hughes, Stalin, Siberia, and the Crisis of the New Economic Policy (Cambridge, 1991), shows how Stalin’s experience in Siberia provided the impetus to collectivization.

W. B. Husband, ‘Godless Communists’: Atheism and Society in Soviet Russia, 1917–1932 (De Kalb. Ill., 2000), on anti-religious campaigns in the early Soviet era.

L. Kirschenbaum, Small Comrades: Revolutionizing Childhood in Soviet Russia, 1917–1932 (New York, 2001), on early Bolshevik theory and policy towards childhood education.

D. Koenker, Republic of Labor: Russian Printers and Soviet Socialism, 1918–1930 (Ithaca, NY, 2005), sophisticated case study in Soviet labour history.

M. Lenoe, Closer to the Masses: Stalinist Culture, Social Revolution, and Soviet Newspapers (Cambridge, Mass., 2004), on the transformation of Soviet newspapers in the 1920s and early 1930s.

R. Pethybridge, The Social Prelude to Stalinism (New York, 1974), examines the clash between Bolshevik ambitions and Soviet realities, with much data about party, society, and culture.

L. L. Phillips, Bolsheviks and the Bottle (DeKalb, Ill., 2000), on alcohol and the workers culture in Leningrad.

L. H. Siegelbaum, Soviet State and Society between Revolutions, 1918–1929 (Cambridge, 1992), comprehensive review of major issues.

R. C. Tucker, Stalin as Revolutionary, 1879–1929 (New York, 1973), biography of Stalin’s origins and rise to prominence.

C. Ward, Russia’s Cotton Workers and the New Economic Policy (Cambridge, 1990), original and penetrating look at factory life during NEP.

M. von Hagen, Soldiers in the Proletarian Dictatorship (Ithaca, NY, 1990), study of military and politics in early Bolshevik state.

S. White, The Bolshevik Poster (New Haven, CT, 1988), excellent analysis with rich collection of illustrations.

E. A. Wood, The Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in Revolutionary Russia (Bloomington, Ind., 1997), on Bolshevik policy and practice toward women.

———Performing Justice: Agitation Trials in Early Soviet Russia (Ithaca, NY, 2005), on the political theatre of the early Soviet regime.

D. J. Youngblood, Movies for the Masses (Cambridge, 1992), on debates, films, and reaction of critics and viewers.

11. BUILDING STALINISM, 1929–1941

G. Alexopoulos, Stalin’s Outcasts: Aliens, Citizens, and the Soviet State, 1926–1936 (Ithaca, NY, 2003), analysis of the lishentsy (‘disenfranchised’) as a social class in Stalinist Russia.

V. Anderle, Workers in Stalin’s Russia (New York, 1988), sociological enquiry into workplace interaction.

D. Brandenberger, National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931–1956 (Cambridge, Mass., 2002), on the construction of Russian national heroes, myths, and images.

M. Buckley, Mobilizing Soviet Peasants: Heroines and Heroes of Stalin’s Fields (Lanham, Md., 2006), study of rural ‘Stakhanovitism’ in the 1930s.

W. J. Chase, Enemies within the Gates? The Comintern and the Stalinist Repression, 1934–1939 (New Haven, CT, 2001), interpretative documentary volume on the Comintern during the purges.

R. Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment (New York, 1990), updated version of classic account from the perspective of the ‘totalitarian’ school.

A. Dallin and F. I. Firsov (eds.), Dmitrov and Stalin, 1934–1943: Letters from the Soviet Archives (New Haven, CT, 2000), interpretative essay and translation of newly declassified documents.

V. P. Danilov, N. A. Ivnitskii, D. Kozlov, and L. Viola (eds.), The War against the Peasantry, 1927–1930: The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside (New Haven, CT, 2005), valuable collection of new archival documents on collectivization.

R. W. Davies, The Industrialization of Soviet Russia, 3 vols. (Cambridge, 1980–91), continuation of the E. H. Carr multi-volume history.

S. Davies, Popular Opinion in Stalin’s Russia: Terror, Propaganda and Dissent, 1934–1941 (Cambridge, 1997), fascinating summary of police reports about the popular mood in Leningrad in the 1930s.

S. Davies and J. Harris (eds.), Stalin: A New History (Cambridge, 2005), collection of essays that reflect recent scholarship and some new archival sources.

E. T. Ewing, The Teachers of Stalinism: Policy, Practice, and Power in Soviet Schools of the 1930s (New York, 2002), monograph on primary and secondary schoolteachers and their attempt to school and resocialize Soviet children.

M. Fainsod, Smolensk under Soviet Rule (Cambridge, 1958), path-breaking analysis based on the Smolensk party archive.

O. Figes, The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin’s Russia (New York, 2007), narrative focused on individual experiences and the personal dimension.

S. Fitzpatrick (ed.), Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928–1931 (Bloomington, Ind., 1979), treats upheavals in the professions from the perspective of social history.

———The Cultural Front (Ithaca, NY, 1992), ten essays on the complex relationship between the intelligentsia and political authority.

———Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times (Oxford, 1999), description of daily life in the 1930s.

———Stalin’s Peasants (Oxford, 1994), on peasant response and adaptation to collectivization.

———Tear off the Masks! Identity and Imposture in Twentieth-Century Russia (Princeton, NJ, 2005), collection of essays on social identity.

D. Filtzer, Soviet Workers and Stalinist Industrialization (Armonk, NY, 1986), on the regime’s attempt to subdue worker resistance.

V. Garros, N. Korenevskaya, and T. Lahusen (eds.), Intimacy and Terror (New York, 1995), fascinating collection of diaries from the 1930s.

J. A. Getty, Origins of the Great Purges (Cambridge, 1985), ‘revisionist’ account of inner-party politics, drawing mainly on the Smolensk party archive.

———and R. T. Manning (eds.), Stalinist Terror: New Perspectives (Cambridge, 1993), essays that reflect the emerging revisionist view of the purges and terror.

———and O. V. Naumov (eds.), The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939 (New Haven, CT, 2001), interpretative documentary of the great terror, with many newly declassified documents.

G. Gill, The Origins of the Stalinist Political System (Cambridge, 1990), on the formation of the Stalinist dictatorship as a break with Leninist system.

W. Z. Goldman, Women at the Gates: Gender and Industry in Stalin’s Russia (New York, 2002), Soviet gender policy and women’s integration into the working class in the 1930s.

G. Gorodetsky, Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia (New Haven, CT, 1999), an archivally based study stressing Stalin’s interest in collective security and denying any plan for preemptive war in 1941.

P. Gregory, The Political Economy of Stalinism: Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives (Cambridge, 2004), critique of Stalinist model, incorporating recent archival materials and reflecting a pro-market perspective.

———(ed.), Behind the Façade of Stalin’s Command Economy: Evidence from the Soviet State and Party Archives (Stanford, Calif., 2001), collection of essays on the Stalinist economy, informed by new archival access.

———and N. Naimark (eds.), The Lost Politburo Transcripts: From Collective Rule to Stalin’s Dictatorship (New Haven, CT, 2008), collection of essays assessing the stenograms of meetings by the leadership that only became available within the last decade.

J. Gronow, Caviar with Champaigne: Common Luxury and the Ideals of the Good Life in Stalin’s Russia (Oxford, 2003), on Soviet consumer goods and new values being promoted in the mid-1930s.

B. Groys, The Total Art of Stalinism (Princeton, NJ, 1992), on Stalinism as cultural system.

M. Hindus, Red Bread (Bloomington, Ind., 1988), perceptive account by empathetic eyewitness.

J. Hellbeck, Revolution on my Mind: Writing a Diary under Stalin (Cambridge, Mass., 2006), on the construction of ‘socialist selfhood’ through a close analysis of several diarists from the 1930s.

K. Heller and J. Plamper (eds.), Personality Cults in Stalinism/Personenkulte im Stalinismus (Göttingen, 2004), collection of sophisticated essays on the origins and dynamics of the personality cult.

D. Hoffman, Stalinist Values: The Cultural Norms of Soviet Modernity, 1917–1941 (Ithaca, NY, 2003), on the construction of Stalinism as a culture.

L. E. Holmes, Stalin’s School: Moscow’s Model School No. 25, 1931–1937 (Pittsburgh, PA, 1999), microhistorical case study of a model school in the 1930s.

J. Hughes, Stalinism in a Russian Province (New York, 1996), on collectivization in Siberia.

H. Hunter, ‘The Overambitious First Five-Year-Plan’, Slavic Review, 32 (1973), 237–57, famous essay on the dysfunctions of inflated plan objectives.

C. Kelly, Comrade Pavlik: The Rise and Fall of a Soviet Boy Hero (London, 2005), careful account of Pavlik Morozov, the ‘heroic youth’ who informed on his own father in the 1930s and in retribution was later killed.

O. Khlevniuk, The History of the Gulag: From Collectivization to the Great Terror (New Haven, CT, 2004), valuable collection of documents and analysis by leading specialist.

H. Kostiuk, Stalinist Rule in the Ukraine (Munich, 1960), detailed account of terror in the Ukraine.

S. Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain (Berkeley, CA, 1995), analysis of Stalinism as functioning social system.

H. Kuromiya, The Voices of the Dead: Stalin’s Great Terror in the 1930s (New Haven, CT, 2007), close study of the cases of individual victims of the purge and terror.

M. Lewin, Russian Peasants and Soviet Power (New York, 1975), systematic analysis of collectivization.

J. McCannon, Red Arctic: Polar Exploration and the Myth of the North in the Soviet Union, 1932–1939 (Oxford, 1998), interesting account of Soviet Arctic and its public role in the Stalin era.

N. Mandelshtam, Hope against Hope (New York, 1970), valuable memoir on the intelligentsia experience of the 1930s.

———and T. Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939 (Ithaca, NY, 2001), on Soviet nationality policy in the 1920s and 1930s, with particular focus on Ukraine and Central Asia.

R. A. Medvedev, Let History Judge (2nd edn., New York, 1989), gold mine of information by dissident Soviet historian.

D. Northrop, Veiled Empire: Gender and Power in Stalinist Central Asia (Ithaca, NY, 2004), study of the unveiling campaign, in Uzbekistan in the late 1920s and 1930s.

E. Osokina, Our Daily Bread: Socialist Distribution and the Art of Survival in Stalin’s Russia, 1927–1941 (Armonk, NY, 2001), study showing consumer shortages and black market as endemic to the Stalinist economy.

K. Petrone, Life Has Become More Joyous, Comrades: Celebrations in the Time of Stalin (Bloomington, Ind., 2000), on festivals and holidays as an important dimension of Soviet political culture.

M. Payne, Stalin’s Railroad: Turksib and the Building of Socialism (Pittsburgh, 2001), study of the motives, problems, and achievements of a grandiose Stalinist project in Central Asia.

Iu. A. Poliakov, A Half Century of Silence: The 1937 Census (New York, 1992), interesting data on the suppressed census of 1937.

E. A. Rees (ed.), Decision-Making in the Stalinist Command Economy, 1932–1937 (New York, 1997), essays on how the Stalinist regime actually made economic decisions.

G. T. Rittersporn, Stalinist Implications and Soviet Complications (Chur, 1991), revisionist critique of totalitarian historiography.

W. G. Rosenberg and L. H. Siegelbaum (eds.), Social Dimensions of Soviet Industrialization (Bloomington, Ind., 1993), collected essays on social mobility, workplace politics, and labour culture.

J. Rossman, Worker Resistance under Stalin: Class and Revolution on the Shop Floor (Cambridge, Mass. 2005), valuable monograph on the response of workers’ in Ivanovo.

J. Scott, Behind the Urals (Bloomington, Ind., 1966), graphic account of the building of Magnitogorsk.

L. H. Siegelbaum, Stakhanovism and the Politics of Productivity in the USSR, 1935–41 (Cambridge, 1986), on the Stakhanovite movement as a window on to industrial relations.

———and A. Sokolov (eds.), Stalinism as a Way of Life (New Haven,

CT, 2000), interpretative documentary on life and work in Stalinist Russia.

P. Solomon, Soviet Criminal Justice under Stalin (Cambridge, 1996), close study of a key institution.

D. Thorniley, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Rural Communist Party, 1927–39 (New York, 1988), shows party weakness and failure to establish control over the village.

R. C. Tucker (ed.), Stalinism (New York, 1977), important collection of essays.

———Stalin in Power (New York, 1990), treats Stalin Revolution as a reversion to the developmental mode in pre-revolutionary Russia.

L. Viola, Peasant Rebels under Stalin (New York, 1996), innovative examination of the culture of peasant resistance and collectivization.

———The Unknown Gulag: The Lost World of Stalin’s Special Settlements (Oxford, 2007), study of kulaks sent to special labour camps in early 1930s.

D. Volkogonov, Stalin (New York, 1991), draws heavily upon new archival materials.

12. THE GREAT FATHERLAND WAR AND LATE STALINISM, 1941–1953

C. Andreyev, Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement (Cambridge, 1987), excellent account of anti-Soviet units formed from Soviet prisoners of war.

J. A. Armstrong, Ukrainian Nationalism (3rd edn., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1990), study of nationalist movements in the Ukraine during the Second World War.

J. Barber and Andrei Dzeniskevich (eds.), Life and Death in Besieged Leningrad, 1941–44 (New York, 2005), essays on the Leningrad blockade with new data on the scale of privation and morbidity.

———and M. Harrison, The Soviet Home Front, 1941–45 (London, 1991), pioneering study examines how Soviet system withstood Nazi invasion.

O. Bartov, The Eastern Front, 1941–45 (New York, 1986), discusses the German prosecution of the eastern campaign as a ‘race war’.

F. Belov, The History of A Collective Farm (New York, 1955), inside account of life on a collective farm.

Y. Boshyk (ed.), Ukraine during World War II (Edmonton, 1986), articles on German occupation and Ukrainian resistance.

R. Brody, Ideology and Political Mobilization (Pittsburgh, 1994), on benefits and limits of Soviet ideology in validating the regime’s authority and controlling its citizens during the war.

G. Bucher, Women, the Bureaucracy and Daily Life in Postwar Moscow, 1945–1953 (Boulder, Colo., 2006), examination of the extraordinary burden imposed on women and the shortfall of promised social services in post-war reconstruction.

T. A. Chumachenko, Church and State in Soviet Russia: Russian Orthodoxy from World War II to the Khrushchev Years (Armonk, NY, 2002), well-researched account of the Church in the late Stalin and Khrushchev eras.

R. W. Davies, Soviet History in the Gorbachev Revolution (Bloomington, Ind., 1989), on the historiography of the war.

M. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin (New York, 1962), classic account of three encounters between Stalin and Yugoslav communists in the 1940s.

T. Dunmore, Soviet Politics, 1945–53 (New York, 1984), general survey, contesting the totalitarian thesis and showing bureaucratic conflict as key to decision-making.

J. Erickson, The Road to Stalingrad (New York, 1975), superior military analysis of the war up to Stalingrad.

———The Road to Berlin (Boulder, Colo., 1983), still the best history of the war from 1942 to its conclusion.

D. Filtzer, Soviet Workers and Late Stalinism: Labour and the Restoration of the Stalinist System after World War II (Cambridge, 2002), on worker wartime resistance (chiefly by evasion and flight) against harsh working and living conditions.

H. Fireside, Icon and Swastika (Cambridge, 1971), on the revival of the Orthodox Church under German occupation and rapprochement between state and Church in 1943.

J. Fürst (ed.), Late Stalinist Russia: Society between Reconstruction and Reinvention (London, 2006), essays reflecting the growing interest in post-war Soviet era.

J. Garrard and C. Garrard (eds.), World War II and the Soviet People (London, 1993), articles on the home front during the war.

D. Glantz and J. House, When Titans Clashed (Lawrence, Kan., 1995), operational military history.

S. N. Goncharov, J. W. Lewis, and X. Litai, Uncertain Partners (Stanford, Calif., 1993), collective work of international team tapping new archival documentation.

Y. Gorlizki and O. Khlevniuk, Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle (Oxford, 2004), critical reappraisal of decision-making in the post-war Stalinist regime.

M. Harrison, Soviet Planning in Peace and War, 1938–45 (Cambridge, 1985), good account of the wartime economy.

D. Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb (New Haven, CT, 1994), superb monograph on the Soviet atomic bomb programme.

W. Moskoff, The Bread of Affliction (Cambridge, 1990), first-rate study of agriculture and food supply during the war.

D. E. Murphy, What Stalin Knew: The Enigma of Barbarossa (New Haven, CT, 2005), close analysis informed by new archival sources.

A. M. Nekrich, The Punished Peoples (New York, 1978), on the deportation of nationalities during the Second World War.

R. Pennington, Wings, Women, and War: Soviet Airwomen in World War II Combat (Lawrence, Kan., 2001), on the significant role of women in the Soviet air force during the war.

C. Porter and M. Jones, Moscow in World War II (London, 1987), social history from perspective of sympathy for the Soviet government.

H. Ragsdale, The Soviets, the Munich Crisis, and the Coming of World War II (New York, 2004), recent survey of the diplomatic background to the outbreak of war.

A. Resis (ed.), Molotov Remembers (Chicago, IL, 1994), provides insights into Soviet policy in the 1940s and 1950s.

D. Reynolds (ed.), The Origins of the Cold War in Europe (New Haven, CT, 1994), collection of articles highlighting post-Cold War scholarship.

H. Shukman (ed.), Stalin’s Generals (New York, 1993), short biographies of top Soviet commanders during the war.

R. W. Stephan, Stalin’s Secret War: Soviet Counterintelligence against the Nazis, 1941–1945 (Lawrence, Kan., 2004), on Stalin’s actions to prevent Germany from recruiting agents in the Soviet military and intelligence.

R. Thurston and B. Bonwetsch (eds.), The People’s War: Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union (Urbana, Ill., 2000), wide-ranging essays on the war’s impact and popular reaction.

G. L. Weinberg, A World at Arms (Cambridge, 1994), prize-winning general history of the Second World War.

E. Zubkova, Russia after the War: Hopes, Illusions, and Disappointments, 1945–1957 (Armonk, NY, 1998), on public opinion in post-war Stalin era.

13. FROM STALINISM TO STAGNATION, 1953–1985

S. H. Baron, Bloody Saturday in the Soviet Union (Stanford, Calif., 2001), on the Novocherkassk strike of 1962 and its repression.

S. Bialer, Stalin’s Successors (Cambridge, 1980), on party leadership in post-Stalinist era.

V. Bonnell and G. Breslauer (eds.), Russia in the New Century: Stability of Disorder (Boulder, Colo., 2001), essays on the late Yeltsin era.

G. W. Breslauer, Khrushchev and Brezhnev as Leaders (London, 1982), penetrating assessment of leadership styles and achievements.

R. A. Divine (ed.), The Cuban Missile Crisis (2nd edn., New York, 1988), contains new information and recollection of key participants.

J. Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church (Beckenham, 1986), informed contemporary history.

L. Grau and M. A. Gress (eds.), The Soviet-Afghan War: How a Superpower Fought and Lost (Lawrence, Kan., 2002), the Russian General Staff’s post-mortem on the Afghan conflict, stressing Russia’s adaptation and the impact of American bounties and weapons for the insurgency.

G. A. Hosking, Beyond Socialist Realism (New York, 1980), scintillating analysis of ‘village writers’.

J. L. H. Keep, Last of the Empires (Oxford, 1995), sweeping recent history of post-war USSR.

N. S. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (3 vols., Boston, MA, 1970–90), edited versions of memoirs.

P. Jones (ed.), The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: Negotiating Cultural and Social Change in the Khrushchev Era (London, 2006), essays on the impact of de-Stalinization on the public, policy, and culture.

S. N. Khrushchev, Khrushchev on Khrushchevism (Boston, 1990), memoir of Khrushchev’s son.

N. Lubin, Labour and Nationality in Soviet Central Asia (Princeton, NJ, 1984), on the complex problems of labour and economic development.

A. McAuley, Economic Welfare in the Soviet Union (Madison, 1979), on poverty and income distribution.

M. McCauley (ed.), Khrushchev and Khrushchevism (Bloomington, Ind., 1987), useful collection of essays.

———Nikita Khrushchev (London, 1991), reliable, up-to-date biography.

J. Millar (ed.), Politics, Work, and Daily Life in the U.S.S.R. (New York, 1987), results of survey of former Soviet citizens.

M. Shatz, Soviet Dissent in Historical Perspective (New York, 1980).

M. J. Sodaro, Moscow, Germany, and the West from Khrushchev to Gorbachev (Ithaca, NY, 1990), expert account.

W. Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and his Era (New York, 2003), standard political biography based on exhaustive research.

———S. Khrushchev, and A. Gleason (eds.), Nikita Khrushchev (New Haven, CT, 2000), informative collection of essays on Khrushchev and his role.

A. P. Van Goudoever, The Limits of Destalinization in the Soviet Union (London, 1986).

V. Zubok, A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007), informative survey of post-Stalinist foreign policy of the USSR.

14. A MODERN ‘TIME OF TROUBLES: FROM REFORMS TO DISINTEGRATION’ 1985–1999

A. Åslund, Gorbachev’s Struggle for Economic Reform (2nd edn., Ithaca, NY, 1991), critique of Gorbachev’s reforms, arguing in favour of a rapid transition to the market economy.

Z. Barany and R. G. Moser (eds.), Russian Politics: Challenges of Democratization (Cambridge, 2001), broad essays on politics, centre-periphery relations, economic reform, and the armed forces in the 1990s.

M. R. Beissinger, Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State (Cambridge, 2002), on the differentiated, but decisive impact of nationalist movements in the break-up of the USSR.

A. Brown, The Gorbachev Factor in Soviet Politics (2nd edn., New York, 1992), incisive analysis of Gorbachev’s role and significance.

———Seven Years That Changed the World: Perestroika in Perspective (Oxford, 2007), valuable retrospective on Gorbachev and perestroika, emphasizing the dynamics that drove policy and decision-making.

M. Buckley (ed.), Perestroika and Soviet Women (Cambridge, 1992), on the women’s question in the Gorbachev era.

P. Chaisty, Legislative Politics and Economic Power in Russia (New York, 2006), on lawmaking in post-Soviet Russia, emphasizing the parliament’s negative role (in delaying, obstructing legislation) prior to the emergence of Putin’s United Russia.

A. Chernyaev, My Six Years with Gorbachev (University Park, Pa., 2000), valuable memoir by a close aide to Gorbachev.

T. J. Colton, Transitional Citizens: Voters and What Influences Them in the New Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 2000), detailed, sophisticated analysis of the 1995 parliamentary and 1996 presidential elections.

———Yeltsin: A Life (New York, 2008), definitive biography.

W. L. Daniel, E. Stewart, and H. Stewart, The Orthodox Church and Civil Society in Russia (College Station, Tex., 2006), analysis of three parishes during the renaissance of Orthodoxy in post-Soviet Russia.

C. Freeland, Sale of the Century: Russia’s Wild Ride from Communism to Capitalism (New York, 2000), account of insider politics and corruption.

E. T. Gaidar, Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern Russia (Washington, DC, 2007), informed assessment of the economic crisis and perestroika by the first prime minister in the Yeltsin government.

G. J. Gill, Collapse of a Single-Party System (Cambridge, 1994), on the demise of the Soviet system.

———and R. D. Markwick, Russia’s Stillborn Democracy? From Gorbachev to Yeltsin (Oxford, 2000), introduction to politics in the transition era.

M. S. Gorbachev, Perestroika (rev. edn., 1988), discussion of the ‘new thinking’ that shows the lack of clear vision, especially on realizing perestroika.

———Memoirs (New York, 1996), spirited defence of his leadership during perestroika.

T. Gustafson, Capitalism Russian-Style (Cambridge, 1999), readable, inclusive account of the transition period.

G. M. Hahn, Russia’s Revolution from Above, 1985–2000: Reform, Transition, and Revolution in the Fall of the Soviet Communist Regime (New Brunswick, NJ, 2002), general survey of perestroika and the break-up of the USSR.

G. A. Hosking, The Awakening of the Soviet Union (rev. edn., Cambridge, Mass., 1991), early assessment of the Gorbachev era.

———et al., Independent Political Movements in the Soviet Union 1985–91 (London, 1992), on the emergence of political pluralism.

J. F. Hough, Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985–1991 (Washington, DC, 1997), on the high politics of perestroika.

———The Logic of Economic Reform in Russia (Washington, DC, 2001), emphasizes the pernicious role of the West in promoting corrupt practices in the economic transition.

International Monetary Fund, A Study of the Soviet Economy, 3 vols. (Washington, 1991), wide-ranging survey of the Soviet economy on the eve of the dissolution of the USSR.

A. C. Lynch, How Russia Is Not Ruled: Reflections on Russian Political Development (Cambridge, 2004), surveys Soviet legacies and turbulent 1990s.

M. McCauley, Gorbachev (London, 1998), overview of Gorbachev and his role in the final years of the USSR.

M. McFaul, Russia’s Unfinished Revolution: Political Change (Ithaca, NY, 2001), political overview from perestroika to 1996 election.

P. Nagy, The Meltdown of the Russian State (Cheltenham, 2000), detailed critique of politics and economy policy in the 1990s.

R. Sakwa, Gorbachev and his Reforms, 1985–1990 (New York, 1991), positive assessment of Gorbachev as reformer.

A. Shleifer and D. Treisman, Without a Map: Political Tactics and Economic Reform in Russia (Cambridge, 2000), vigorous defence of economic policies advocated by outside consultants.

G. Smith (ed.), The Nationalities Question in the Soviet Union (London, 1990), wide-ranging coverage.

S. S. Smith, The Politics of Institutional Choice: The Formation of the Russian State Duma (Princeton, NJ, 2001), on presidential and Duma politics in the late 1990s.

S. L. Solnick, Stealing the State: Control and Collapse in Soviet Institutions (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), shows how decentralization enabled local officials to divert assets and resources to own ends.

K. Stoner-Weiss, Resisting the State: Reform and Retrenchment in Post-Soviet Russia (Cambridge), on the complex interrelationship of the centre and provinces under Yeltsin.

L. M. Sundstrom, Funding Civil Society: Foreign Assistance and NGO Development in Russia (Stanford, Calif., 2006), study of selected NGOs and the role of foreign assistance.

R. G. Suny, The Revenge of the Past (Stanford, Calif., 1994), on nationalism and the demise of the Soviet system.

J. Wedel, Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe, 1989–1998 (New York, 1998), trenchant critique of Western aide to the former Eastern bloc countries.

S. White, Gorbachev and After (3rd edn., Cambridge, 1992), short narrative of perestroika.

B. Yeltsin, Against the Grain (London, 1990), autobiography, with revealing insights into the author’s rise to power.

W. Zimmerman, The Russian People and Foreign Policy: Russian Elite and Mass Perspectives, 1993–2000 ( Princeton, NJ, 2002), on the contrast between the international values of élites and the isolationist indifference of lower classes.

15. REBUILDING RUSSIA

P. Baev (ed.), Russian Energy Policy and Military Power: Putin’s Quest for Greatness (London, 2008), essays examining hydrocarbon revenues and their impact on military power and reform.

T. J. Colton and S. Holmes (eds.), The State after Communism: Governance in the New Russia (Lanham, Md., 2006), examination of Putin’s emphasis on the state and effective governance.

———and M. McFaul, Popular Choice and Managed Democracy: The Russian Elections of 1999 and 2000 (Washington, DC, 2003), sophisticated analysis of the Duma and presidential elections which inaugurated the Putin era.

D. R. Herspring, Putin’s Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain (Lanham, Md., 2003), articles sketching Russia at the start of the new millennium.

R. Kanet (ed.), Russia: Re-emerging Great Power (New York, 2007), essays on Russian foreign policy under Putin.

A. Ledeneva, How Russia Really Works; The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business (Ithaca, NY, 2006), modus operandi of politics and business in the post-Soviet era.

A. Politkovskaya, A Russian Diary: A Journalist’s Final Account of Life, Corruption, and Death in Putin’s Russia (New York, 2007), report by investigative journalist whose murder in 2006 became a cause célèbre and ignited much criticism of the Putin regime.

A. Pravda (ed.), Leading Russia: Putin in Perspective (Oxford, 2005), essays on Putin’s first term.

V. Putin, First Person (New York, 2000), political statement in first presidential campaign.

C. Ross (ed.), Local Politics and Democratization in Russia (New York, 2009), essays on politics in the Putin era, accenting the residual power at local level despite Putin’s ‘vertikal’.

R. Sakwa, Putin: Russia’s Choice (2nd edn., London, 2008), richly detailed account of Putin’s objectives and difficulties.

———Russian Politics and Society (4th edn., New York, 2008), systematic and unusually dispassionate analysis of the Putin era.

L. Shevtsova, Putin’s Russia (Washington, 2003), critical treatment of Putin’s policies and power.

———Russia—Lost in Transition: The Yeltsin and Putin Legacies (Washington, DC, 2007), negative assessment of post-Soviet governments.

S. White (ed.), Politics and the Ruling Group in Putin’s Russia (New York, 2008), articles on élite politics, the ‘oligarchs’, and decision-making.