CHAPTER 3
148
1 Ocherki istorii Leningrada (Sketches of the History of Leningrad), vol. 3 (Moscow and Leningrad, 1956), p. 104.
149
2 Benois, Moi vospominaniia (My Reminiscences), vol. 2 (bks. 4-5), p. 412.
150
3 Quoted in Panorama iskusstv (Panorama of the Arts), issue 4 (Moscow, 1981), p. 32.
151
4 Akhmatova, Sochineniia (Works), 2 vols., vol. 2, p. 253.
152
5 Nathan Milstein, in conversation with the author, New York, 1987.
153
6 Sergei Prokofiev, Avtobiografiia (Autobiography) (Moscow, 1973), p. 538.
154
7 M. F. Gnesin, Stat’i. Vospominaniia. Materialy (Articles. Reminiscences. Materials) (Moscow, 1961), p. 141.
155
8 Prokofiev, Avtobiografiia (Autobiography), pp. 503-4.
156
9 I. F. Stravinsky, Stat’i i materialy (Articles and Materials) (Moscow, 1973), p. 445.
157
10 N. A. Berdyaev, Samopoznanie (opyt filosofskoi biografii) (Self-Cognition [An Attempt at a Philosophical Biography]) (Moscow, 1991), p. 144.
158
11 Alexander Blok, Zapisnye knizhki, 1901-1920 (Notebooks, 1901-1920) (Moscow, 1965), p. 126.
159
12 Ibid., p. 118.
160
13 Kornei Chukovsky, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 6 vols., vol. 6 (Moscow, 1969), pp. 122, 124.
161
14 Quoted in N. M. Zorkaia, Na rubezhe stoletii. U istokov massovogo iskusstva v Rossii 1900-1910 godov (At the Turn of the Century: At the Source of Mass Art in Russia 1900-1910) (Moscow, 1976), p. 94.
162
15 Quoted in A. N. Bokhanov, Burzhuaznaia pressa Rossii i krupnyi kapital: Konets XIX v-1914 g. (The Bourgeois Press in Russia and Major Capital: The Late Nineteenth Century-1914) (Moscow, 1984), p. 40.
163
16 Quoted in Chukovsky, Sochineniia (Works), vol. 6, p. 146.
164
17 Quoted in Voprosy literatury (Issues of Literature), 2 (1977), p. 198.
165
18 Quoted in A. Turkov, A. P. Chekhov i ego vremia (A. P. Chekhov and His Times) (Moscow, 1980), p. 73.
166
19 Ibid., p. 60.
167
20 Ibid., p. 54.
168
21 I. I. Yasinsky, Roman moei zhizni (The Novel of My Life) (Moscow and Leningrad, 1926), p. 280.
169
22 Nathan Milstein, in conversation with the author, New York, 1980.
170
23 Quoted in E. A. Dinershtein, “Fabrikant” chitatelei: A. F. Marks (“Manufacturer” of Readers: A. F. Marx) (Moscow, 1986), p. 77.
171
24 V. V. Vorovskii, Estetika. Literatura. Iskusstvo (Aesthetics. Literature. Art) (Moscow, 1975), p. 255.
172
25 Chukovsky, Sochineniia (Works), vol. 6, pp. 370-71.
173
26 Vorovskii, Estetika (Aesthetics), pp. 530-31.
174
27 D. S. Mirsky, Contemporary Russian Literature, 1881-1925 (London, 1926), p. 151.
175
28 Anna Akhmatova, in conversation with the author, Komarovo, 1965.
176
29 Kornei Chukovsky, Iz vospominanii (From Reminiscences) (Moscow, 1959), p. 373.
177
30 Ibid., p. 371.
178
31 Quoted in D. Maksimov, Poeziia i proza A. Bloka (Poetry and Prose of A. Blok) (Leningrad, 1975), p. 507.
179
32 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 92 (in four books), Aleksandr Blok: Novye materialy i issledovaniia (Alexander Blok: New Materials and Research), book 3 (Moscow, 1982), p. 438.
180
33 V. E. Meyerhold, Stat’i. Pis’ma. Rechi. Besedy (Articles. Letters. Speeches. Conversations), part 1, 1891-1917 (Moscow, 1968), p. 103.
181
34 Georgii Chulkov, Gody stranstvii. Iz knigi vospominanii (Years of Wanderings: From the Book of Reminiscences) (Moscow, 1930), p. 221.
182
35 Amanda Haight, Anna Akhmatova: Poeticheskoe stranstvie. Dnevniki, vospominaniia, pis’ma A. Akhmatovoi (Anna Akhmatova: A Poetic Pilgrimage. Diaries, Reminiscences, Letters of A. Akhmatova) (Moscow, 1991), pp. 323, 324-25.
183
36 Ob Anne Akhmatovoi. Stikhi. Esse. Vospominaniia. Pis’ma (About Anna Akhmatova. Poems. Essays. Reminiscences. Letters) (Leningrad, 1990), p. 33.
184
37 Joseph Brodsky and Solomon Volkov, Vspominaiia Akhmatovu: Dialogi (Remembering Akhmatova: Dialogues) (Moscow, 1992), p. 35.
185
38 Quoted in G. A. Tishkin, Zhenskii vopros v Rossii, 50-60-e gody XIX v. (The Women’s Question in Russia, 1850-1860s) (Leningrad, 1984), p. 202.
186
39 Quoted in E. V. Letenkov, “Literaturnaiia promyshlennost’” Rossii kontsa XIX-nachala XX veka (“Literary Industry” of Russia in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries) (Leningrad, 1988), p. 114.
187
40 Rech’ (Speech), February 21, 1910.
188
41 Tamara Ivanova, Moi sovremenniki, kakimi ia ikh znala (My Contemporaries As I Knew Them) (Moscow, 1984), p. 424.
189
42 V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, Na kladbishchakh (In Cemeteries) (Revel, 1922), p. 135.
190
43 I. A. Bunin, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 9 vols., vol. 9 (Moscow, 1967), p. 289.
191
44 Ibid., p. 281.
192
45 Quoted in Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 85, Valerii Briusov (Valery Briusov) (Moscow, 1976), p. 691.
193
46 Anna Akhmatova, in conversation with the author, Komarovo, 1965.
194
47 Ibid.
195
48 Quoted in Pamiatniki kul’tury: novye otkrytiia. Pis’mennost’. Iskusstvo. Arkheologiia. Ezhegodnik-1988 (Cultural Monuments: New Discoveries. Literacy. Art. Archaeology. Annual for 1988) (Moscow, 1989), p. 58.
196
49 Ibid.
197
50 Ibid., p. 54.
198
51 Ibid., p. 59.
199
52 Quoted in Druzhba narodov (Friendship of the Peoples), 6 (1989), p. 250.
200
53 Quoted in Anna Saakyants, Marina Tsvetayeva. Stranitsy zhizni i tvorchestva, 1910-1922 (Marina Tsvetayeva: Pages of Her Life and Work, 1910-1922) (Moscow, 1986), p. 88.
201
54 Valery Briusov, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 7 vols., vol. 6 (Moscow, 1975), p. 365.
202
55 N. Gumilyov, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 4 vols., vol. 4 (Washington, D.C., 1968), p. 262.
203
56 R. D. Timenchik, Khudozhestvennye printsipy predrevoliutsionnoi poezii Anny Akhmatovoi (Artistic Principles of Anna Akhmatova’s Prerevolutionary Poetry) [Synopsis of dissertation] (Tartu State University, 1982), p. 6.
204
57 B. Eikhenbaum, O poezii (On Poetry) (Leningrad, 1969), p. 75.
205
58 Osip Mandelstam, Sochineniia (Works), 2 vols., vol. 2 (Moscow, 1990), pp. 265-66.
206
59 V. Piast, Vstrechi (Encounters) (Moscow, 1929), p. 157.
207
60 Aleksandr Blok v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Alexander Blok in the Reminiscences of Contemporaries), vol. 2 (Moscow, 1980), pp. 62-63.
208
61 Quoted in Anatoly Nayman, Rasskazy o Anne Akhmatovoi (Stories About Anna Akhmatova) (Moscow, 1989), p. 200.
209
62 Blok v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Blok in Reminiscences), vol. 2, p. 66.
210
63 Piast, Vstrechi (Encounters), p. 156.
211
64 Ob Anne Akhmatovoi (About Anna Akhmatova), p. 74.
212
65 V. F. Khodasevich, Nekropol’ (Necropolis) (Paris, 1976), p. 10. Reprint.
213
66 Yu. N. Tynyanov, Poetika. Istoriia literatury. Kino (Poetics. History of Literature. Film) (Moscow, 1977), pp. 118-19.
214
67 Khodasevich, Nekropol’ (Necropolis), p. 14.
215
68 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 92, book 4 (Moscow, 1987), p. 572.
216
69 Ob Anne Akhmatovoi (About Anna Akhmatova), p. 35.
217
70 Nathan Milstein, in conversation with the author, New York, 1984.
218
71 V. V. Rozanov, Mysli o literature (Thoughts on Literature) (Moscow, 1989), p. 402.
219
72 Panorama iskusstv (Panorama of the Arts), issue 12 (Moscow, 1989), p. 192.
220
73 Ibid.
221
74 N. N. Punin, Russkoe i sovetskoe iskusstvo (Russian and Soviet Art) (Moscow, 1976), p. 147.
222
75 Benedikt Livshits, Polutoraglazyi strelets (One-and-a-Half-Eyed Archer) (Leningrad, 1989), p. 538.
223
76 Punin, Russkoe i sovetskoe iskusstvo (Russian and Soviet Art), p. 150.
224
77 Panorama iskusstv (Panorama of the Arts), issue 12, p. 183.
225
78 Nathan Altman, in conversation with the author, Leningrad, 1966.
226
79 V. P. Verigina, Vospominaniia (Reminiscences) (Leningrad, 1974), p. 173.
227
80 Il’ia Sats (Ilya Sats) (collection) (Moscow and Leningrad, 1923), p. 20.
228
81 Livshits, Polutoraglazyi strelets (One-and-a-Half-Eyed Archer), p. 465.
229
82 Teatr i iskusstvo (Theater and Art), 10 (1913), p. 232.
230
83 Irina Odoevtseva, Na beregakh Nevy (On the Banks of the Neva) (Washington, D.C., 1967), p. 144.
231
84 Ibid.
232
85 Quoted in B. Kats and R. Timenchik, Anna Akhmatova i muzyka. lssledovatel’skie ocherki (Anna Akhmatova and Music. Research Articles) (Leningrad, 1989), p. 39.
233
86 V. G. Karatygin (collection) (Leningrad, 1927), p. 73.
234
87 Apollon, 1 (1913), p. 66.
235
88 Fyodor Lopukhov, in conversation with the author, Leningrad, 1967.
236
89 Vozdushnye puti (Aerial Paths), issue 5 (New York, 1967), p. 139.
237
90 Vera Stravinsky, in conversation wtih the author, New York, 1976.
238
91 Vozdushnye puti (Aerial Paths), issue 5, p. 141.
239
92 Ibid., pp. 142-43.
240
93 Nadezhda Mandelstam, Vtoraia kniga (Second Book) (Paris, 1972), p. 510.
241
94 Quoted in V. Krasovskaia, Russkii baletnyi teatr nachala XX veka (Russian Ballet Theater of the Early Twentieth Century), part 2 (Leningrad, 1972), p. 35.
242
95 Ibid., p. 47.
243
96 Ibid., p. 55.
244
97 Ibid., p. 54.
245
98 Quoted in Zinaida Serebryakova (collection) (Moscow, 1987), p. 245.
246
99 Fyodor Lopukhov, Shest’desiat let v balete (Sixty Years in Ballet) (Moscow, 1966), p. 182.
247
100 Piast, Vstrechi (Encounters), p. 275.
248
101 Viktor Shklovsky, Zhili-byli (Once upon a Time) (Moscow, 1966), p. 115.
249
102 Blok, Zapisnye knizbki (Notebooks), p. 237.
250
103 N. P. Antsiferov, Dusha Peterburga (The Soul of Petersburg) (Petersburg, 1922), pp. 218-19.
251
104 Livshits, Polutoraglazyi strelets (One-and-a-Half-Eyed Archer), p. 544.
252
105 Nikolai Gumilyov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Nikolai Gumilyov in the Reminiscences of Contemporaries) (collection) (Paris, New York, and Düsseldorf, 1989), p. 215.
253
106 N. Wrangel, Vospominaniia (Reminiscences) (Berlin, 1924), p. 210.
254
107 Sovremennye zapiski (Contemporary Notes), 18 (1924), p. 235.
255
108 Quoted in K. Rudnitskii, Meierhol’d (Meyerhold) (Moscow, 1981), p. 216.
256
109 Leonid Dolgopolov, in conversation with the author, New York, 1990.
257
110 Yu. M. Yuryev, Zapiski (Notes), vol. 2 (Leningrad and Moscow, 1963), p. 194.
258
111 Quoted in K. Rudnitskii, Rezhisser Meierhol’d (Meyerhold the Director) (Moscow, 1969), pp. 200-202.
259
112 Viktor Shklovsky, in conversation with the author, Moscow, 1975.
260
113 Quoted in Avangard, ostanovlennyi na begu (The Avant-Garde, Halted in Mid-Run) (Leningrad, 1989), p. 2.
261
114 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 80, V. I. Lenin i A. V. Lunacharskii. Perepiska, doklady, dokumenty (V. I. Lenin and A. V. Lunacharsky. Correspondence, Speeches, Documents) (Moscow, 1971), p. 260.
262
115 A. Blok, Dnevnik (Diary) (Moscow, 1989), pp. 267-68.
263
116 Dekrety Sovetskoi vlasti o Petrograde, 25 oktiabria [7 noiabria] 1917 g.-29 dekabria 1918 (Soviet Decrees Regarding Petrograd, 25 October [7 November] 1917-29 December 1918) (Leningrad, 1986), pp. 126-27.
264
117 Nikolai Martyanov, in conversation with the author, New York, 1976,
265
118 D. L. Golinkov, Krushenie antisovetskogo podpol’ia v SSSR (The Collapse of the Anti-Soviet Underground in the USSR), book 1 (Moscow, 1978), p. 186.
266
119 Dekrety Sovetskoi vlasti o Petrograde (Soviet Decrees on Petrograd), pp. 149-50.
267
120 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 80, p. 58.
268
121 Quoted in S. Varshavskii, B. Rest, Bilet na vsiu vechnost’ (Ticket to All Eternity), parts 1-2 (Leningrad, 1986), p. 149.
269
122 Ibid., p. 160.
270
123 Antsiferov, Dusha Peterburga (Soul of Petersburg), p. 219.
271
124 Maksim Gor’kii v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Maxim Gorky in Reminiscences of Contemporaries), 2 vols., vol. 2 (Moscow, 1981), p. 23.
272
125 V. I. Lenin o literature (V. I. Lenin on Literature) (Moscow, 1971), p. 160.
273
126 Quoted in Kontinent, 55 (1988), p. 195.
274
127 S. N. Semanov, Likvidatsiia antisovetskogo Kronshtadskogo miatezha 1921 goda (The Liquidation of the Anti-Soviet Kronstadt Rebellion of 1921) (Moscow, 1973), p. 25.
275
128 Yuri Annenkov, Dnevnik moikh vstrech (Diary of My Encounters), vol. 1 (New York, 1966), p. 34.
276
129 A. P. Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Autobiograficheskie zapiski (Autobiographical Notes), vol. 3 (Moscow, 1974), p. 22.
277
130 A. V. Lunacharsky, Vospominaniia i vpechatleniia (Reminiscences and Impressions) (Moscow, 1968), p. 210.
278
131 Nathan Altman, in conversation with the author, Leningrad, 1966.
279
132 A. I. Piotrovsky, Za sovetskii teatr! (For the Soviet Theater!) (Leningrad, 1925), pp. 51-52.
280
133 M. Gorky, V. I. Lenin (Moscow, 1974), p. 37.
281
134 Quoted in Andrei Bely, Peterburg (Moscow, 1981), p. 528.
282
135 Alexander Bakhrakh, Bunin v khalate. Po pamiati, po zapisiam (Bunin in a Robe. From Memory, From Notes) (New Jersey, 1979), p. 109.
283
136 Blok, Dnevnik (Diary), p. 186.
284
137 Alexander Blok, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 8 vols., vol. 8, Pis’ma, 1898-1921 (Moscow and Leningrad, 1963), pp. 130-31.
285
138 Blok, Dnevnik (Diary), p. 121.
286
139 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 92, book 3, p. 478.
287
140 Blok, Zapisnye knizhki (Notebooks), p. 406.
288
141 V. M. Zhirmunsky, Tvorchestvo Anny Akhmatovoi (The Work of Anna Akhmatova) (Leningrad, 1973), p. 97.
289
142 Quoted in Osip Mandelstam, Sochineniia (Works), 2 vols., vol. 1 (Moscow, 1990), p. 42.
290
143 V. Milashevsky, Vchera, pozavchera … (Yesterday, Day Before Yesterday …) (Moscow, 1989), p. 239.
291
144 Dobuzhinsky, Vospominanya (Reminiscences), p. 23.
292
145 Ibid.
293
146 N. N. Evreinov, Original o portretistakh (A Model About His Portraitists) (Petrograd, 1922), p. 55.
294
147 Milashevsky, Vchera, pozavchera (Yesterday, Day Before Yesterday), p. 180.
295
148 Semanov, Likvidatsiia antisovetskogo Kronshtadskogo miatezha (Liquidation of the Anti-Soviet Kronstadt Rebellion), p. 69.
296
149 Annenkov, Dnevnik moikh vstrech (Diary of my Encounters), vol. 1, pp. 75-78.
297
150 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 92, book 4, p. 273.
298
151 Quoted in Nikolai Gumilyov v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Gumilyov in the Reminiscences of Contemporaries), p. 216.
299
152 Georgii Ivanov, Stikhotvoreniia. Tretii Rim. Peterburgskie zimy. Kitaiskie teni (Poems. Third Rome. Petersburg Winters. Chinese Shadows) (Moscow, 1989), p. 440.
300
153 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 92, book 3, p. 478.
301
154 Quoted in Anna Akhmatova, Requiem (Moscow, 1989), p. 31.
302
155 Ob Anne Akhmatovoi (About Anna Akhmatova), p. 135.
303
156 Odoevtseva, Na beregakh Nevy (On the Banks of the Neva), pp. 477-78.
304
157 Quoted in Daugava, 8 (1990), p. 118.
305
158 Blok, Dnevnik (Diary), p. 321.
306
159 Annenkov, Dnevnik moikh vstrech (Diary of My Encounters), vol. 1, p. 74.
307
160 Chaliapin, Maska i dusha (Mask and Soul), p. 288.
308
161 Ibid., p. 294.
309
162 Alexander Blok, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 8 vols., vol. 6 (Moscow and Leningrad, 1962), p. 167.
310
163 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 80, p. 261.
311
164 Blok, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), vol. 8, p. 537.
312
165 Ibid., p. 539.
313
166 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 92, book 2 (Moscow, 1981), p. 164.
314
167 Daugava, 11 (1990), pp. 91-93.
315
168 Khodasevich, Nekropol’ (Necropolis), p. 122.
316
169 Ogonyok, 18 (1990), p. 14.
317
170 Ibid., p. 15.
318
171 Daugava, 8 (1990), pp. 120, 122.
319
172 Victor Serge, Memoirs of a Revolutionary (London, 1984), p. 150.
320
173 Vozvrashchennye imena (Returned Names) [anthology], book 1 (Moscow, 1989), p. 191.
321
174 Nina Bruni-Balmont, in conversation with the author, Moscow, 1974.
322
175 Ob Anne Akhmatovoi (About Anna Akhmatova), pp. 197-98.
323
176 Quoted in Anna Akhmatova, Poema bez geroiia (Poem Without a Hero) (Moscow, 1989), p. 11.
324
177 K. Chukovsky, Dnevnik, 1901-1929 (Diary, 1901-1929) (Moscow, 1991), p. 143.
325
178 Ibid., p. 194.
326
179 Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 92, book 3, p. 816.
327
180 Quoted in Saakyants, Marina Tsvetaeva, p. 310.
328
181 Odoevtseva, Na beregakh Nevy (On the Banks of the Neva), p. 480.
329
182 Ibid., p. 473.
330
183 Ibid., pp. 480-81.
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