St. Petersburg : A Cultural History

Index

Books, poetry, plays, operas, and other musical compositions are indexed under the authors’ or composers’ names. Films and ballets are indexed under the titles of the works.

Abelson, I. O., 155

Academy of Arts, 26-27, 61-62, 71, 82, 136, 226, 293, 307, 317, 491-92, 494

Academy of Sciences, 15, 131, 213

Acmeism, 178-80, 185-86, 220-24, 239, 317, 320, 376, 453, 481, 513, 533

Adamovich, Georgy, 320

Adventures of Oktyabrina, The, 455

Agon, 328, 484, 505

Agranov, Yakov, 234-36, 415

Akhmatova, Anna: and acmeism, 178-80, 220, 481, 513; and Annensky, 220, 221; attitude toward blood and death, 241-43; and Balanchine, 315; and ballet, 290, 295, 312; on Bely’s Petersburg, 215; and Blok, 161, 180-82, 219-21, 230, 233, 237-40, 242, 421, 466-67, 472; and Bolsheviks, xvi, 219-20, 228-29, 232-33, 318, 414-22, 449-51, 465, 468-70, 538; and Brodsky, xix, 162, 420, 479, 481-82, 505, 510, 511, 513, 516; Brodsky’s book on, xix; death of, 510-11; divorce from Gumilyov, 230; early life of, 161-62; early poetry of, xvii, 69, 139, 161, 175; Eikhenbaum’s study of poetry of, 453; and fear, 497; on forgetting, ix; and Great Terror, 414-22, 442; and Gumilyov, 162-63, 169, 172-73, 178, 228-30, 237-42, 421, 449, 468, 537; and Hippius, 169; husbands of, 162, 169, 184, 212, 230, 415, 449, 469; Ivanov on, 405; on Kharms, 407; literary predecessors of, 163-67; on Makovsky, 169; and Mandelstam, 396-97, 405; on Masquerade, 202; memoirs of, 387; and Modigliani, 162-63; and music, 511; myth of affair with member of royal family, 194; on Nicholas I and Pushkin, 25; on Petersburg, xvii, 15, 221-25, 240-43, 294, 481; poetry readings by, x, 177, 178, 219, 242; poetry set to music, 488; portraits of, 183-85, 539; as pseudonym for Anna Gorenko, 161; and Pushkin, 467, 475, 476; rehabilitation of, 538-39; on Rimsky-Korsakov, 346; and Shostakovich, xi-x, 462, 474; on The Silver Age, xv; on socialist realism, 412; son of, 229, 415-17, 421, 469, 510-11, 546; and Stalin, 415-16, 468-70; and Stravinsky, 419; at The Stray Dog, 186, 187, 194-95; on symbolism, 158, 178, 179; and Tsvetayeva, 173-75; in Vaginov’s work, 406; Volkov’s performance for, xi-xi; during World War I, 197-98, 206-07, 421; during World War II, 429, 447, 469; on Zoshchenko, 383—works: Anno Domini MCMXXI, 243; Evening, 163, 167, 175-77, 189, 240-41; “The Last Rose,” 481; “May Snow,” x; “memorial” poems, 430-31; poem on Punin, 452; Poem Without a Hero, xviii, 28, 46, 465-76, 510, 525-26, 536, 539; “The Prayer,” 198, 219, 229-30, 242, 421, 481; Requiem, xvii, xviii, 417-22, 424, 425, 430, 431, 441, 442, 487-88, 508-09, 510, 536, 537, 539; The Rosary, 182; “To My Fellow Citizens,” 243; The Way of All Earth, 346

Akhmatova circle, 481, 510, 521-22

Akimov, Nikolai, 490-92, 498-500

Alcoholism and drug use, 40, 44-45, 353-54, 365, 520-21, 528, 531, 534-35

Alexander I, 21-22, 24, 26, 252, 340

Alexander II, 43, 44, 48, 78, 90-95, 102-105, 109, 256

Alexander III, 93, 95, 95-96, 98-99, 107, 109, 114, 128-29, 137, 215-16, 256

Alexandrinsky Theater, 27, 36, 147, 199-203, 255, 287, 311, 463

Alexandrov, Alexander, 72

Alexei Mikhailovich, Tsar, 7

Alexeyev, Fyodor, 60

Algarotti, Count Francesco, 10

Altman, Nathan, 183-86, 205, 213-14, 281-84, 463, 539

Andrei, Grand Duke, 194

Anna Ioannovna, Empress, 15

Annenkov, Yuri, 185, 211, 226, 227, 232, 233, 284

Annensky, Innokenty, xiii, 157, 171-72, 220-21

Antsiferov, Nikolai, xxiii, 196, 209, 418

Apollo (ballet), 328, 484

Apollo (magazine), 169-72, 181, 185

Apollon Musagète, 316, 318, 324, 325, 432. See also Apollo (ballet)

Aquarium (rock band), 533-34

Arefyev, Alexander, 528-30

Arensky, Anton, 343

Arnshtam, Leo, 66

Aronson, Leonid, 531

Artsybashev, Mikhail, 156-57

Asafyev, Boris, xv, xxiii-xxiv, 59, 111, 119-21, 299, 350, 352, 370

Assassinations: of Alexander II, 90-95, 104; attempted assassination of Lenin, 207-08; of Kirov, xvi, 235, 413-15, 450, 495

Auden, W. H., 516, 518

Auer, Leopold, 361-63

Averbakh, Ilya, 539

Babel, Isaac, 423

Babochkin, Boris, 458

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 363, 367, 368, 392, 511

Baiser de la fée, Le, 325, 326, 484

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 401-04, 407-09, 470, 473, 530

Bakst, Leon, xi, xv, 122, 131, 260, 263, 501

Balakirev, Mily, 75, 77-81, 87, 97-98, 102, 107

Balanchine, George: aesthetics of, 283; as ballet dancer, 247-49, 255-56, 304, 315, 316; at ballet school, 266-69, 286-87, 304; and ballet school in United States, 327; ballets choreographed by, 295, 296, 298, 305, 316, 318, 325, 328, 329, 363, 505; in Ballets Russes, 254; birth date of, 252; choreographers as influences on, 296-300, 327-28; Diaghilev’s meeting with, in Paris, 315-16; on Isadora Duncan, 295-96; early choreography of, 304-05; early life of, 247-49, 254-56, 286-87; father of, 252-54; at FEKS, 302-03, 315; and Fokine, 261; and Glinka, 69-70; memory of, 286-87; and Milstein, 363; move from Russia to Europe, 313-15; move to United States, xviii, 254, 321-22, 327; and Mravinsky, 483; musical education of, 305-06, 315; Nutcracker production of, 330; personality of, 293, 329; at Petersburg Conservatory, 74; and Petipa, 256-57; politics of, 318; return visit to Russia with New York City Ballet, 504-05, 506; and Shostakovich, 306; and Slonimsky, 292-94; and Sollertinsky, 408; and Spessivtseva, 295; and stage production of Miserable Eugen, 311-12; and stage production of Prince Igor, 398; and Stravinsky, 70, 315, 316, 325, 328-30; and Tchaikovsky, 99-100, 114, 118, 295, 306, 329, 330, 515; Volkov’s book on, xix; on Volynsky, 292; wives of, 269, 312, 313; and Young Ballet, 307-12, 314, 390; and Yudina, 368; and Zheverzheyev, 269, 285, 291, 307, 315

Balanchivadze, Meliton, 252-54, 306, 343

Ballet. See specific dancers, chroreographers, ballet companies, and titles of ballets

Ballet Imperial, 329

Ballets Russes, xi, 254, 261-66, 489, 501

Balmont, Konstantin, 158, 238

Banshchikov, Gennady, 490

Bartók, Béla, 367, 370, 435

Baryshnikov, Mikhail, 502, 506-07, 514

Bashkirtseff, Marie, 166-67, 175

Bashlachev, Alexander, 535

Bashutsky, Alexander, 35-36

Basmanova, Marianna, 513, 515

Batyushkov, Konstantin, 23, 26

Baudelaire, Charles, 34, 157, 191

Beatles, 532, 533

Bedny, Demyan, 339

Beethoven, Ludwig van, 71, 73, 298, 305, 357, 364, 367, 399, 484

Belinsky, Vissarion, 34, 36-39

Belsky, Vladimir, 346

Bely, Andrei, 150, 158, 209, 215-18, 226, 227, 232, 272, 275, 294, 320, 526

Belyaev, Mitrofan, 348-50

Belyaev Circle, 349-50, 354, 362

Benkendorf, Count Alexander, 35, 43

Benois, Alexander: on Alexander III, 99, 129; on architecture of Petersburg, 250; artwork of, on book jackets, 150; and avant-garde, 127-28; and ballet, 297, 319; ballet sets by, 501; childhood of, 104; and collaboration with Soviet authorities, 205-06; death of, 129; and Diaghilev, 122-23, 130-33; family of, 64, 122, 193; illustrations for Pushkin’s Bronze Horseman, 135-36; and Mir iskusstva, xv, 130-38, 214-15, 220, 323, 357-58, 487; on music, 249; on Nicholas II, 129; on renaming St. Petersburg as Petrograd, 337; as painter, 317, 487; in Paris, 317; and Petipa, 260; and Petrouchka, 264-65, 471; postcard reproductions of, 489; on Prince Igor, 110; on Russian opposition, 144; significance of, xxiii-xxiv, 59, 125-26; and Stravinsky’s Baiser de la fée, 325; and Tchaikovsky, 123-25, 132, 137-38; on winter season, 250

Béranger, Pierre-Jean, 75

Berberova, Nina, 330

Berdyayev, Nikolai, 151, 515

Berg, Alban, 342, 370

Berggolts, Olga, 438, 447-48, 522, 531

Bergson, Henri, 401

Berkovsky, Naum, 463, 500, 523

Berlin, Isaiah, 469-70

Bernhardt, Sarah, 94, 147

Bezymensky, Alexander, 371

Billington, James H., xxiv, 327

Birzhevye novosti (Stock Exchange News), 154-55

Bitov, Andrei, 521-27, 540, 547, 548

Bleriot, Louis, 163

Blok, Alexander: and acmeism, 239; and Akhmatova, 161, 180-82, 219-21, 230, 237-40, 242, 466-67, 472; in Akhmatova’s Poem Without a Hero, 471; anti-Bolshevik speech on Pushkin, 231-32, 239; arrest of, by Cheka, 231; and Bely, 215, 217-18; birth of, in Petersburg, 225; Bolshevik position on, xv, 232, 236, 237; and Bolshevik revolution, 205-08, 219, 220, 230-33; on Bronze Horseman, 25n; death of, 232-34, 237-40, 294, 323, 421; and Dmitriev, 294; financial difficulties of, 226-27; at “Futurist Festival,” 274; on Grigoryev, 33; and Gumilyov, 230-31; Ivanov on, 405; lectures by, 150-51, 158; Lourié on, 233; love affairs of, 180-82, 466-68; on Matiushin, 276; on Petrograd as new name for Petersburg, 196; poetry of, 156, 158-61, 163, 169, 180-82, 524, 546; quotations from, in Poem Without a Hero, 473; Sudeikina’s reading of poetry by, 191; sympathetic treatment by Communists, 226-27; in Vaginov’s work, 406;and Voloshin-Gumilyov conflict, 171; at Vsemirnaya Literatura Publishing House, 228-29; and World War I, 197—works: “The Commendatore’s Footsteps,” 467-68; The Fair Show Booth, 190, 265, 394, 471; Retribution, 218-19; The Twelve, 219, 226, 230, 310, 315; The Unknown Woman, 227

Bloody Sunday, 145, 461, 462

Bobyshev, Dmitri, 481, 510, 513, 521, 528, 540-41

Bogdanov-Berezovsky, Valerian, 294-95, 306, 360, 366, 429, 440-41, 453

Boito, Arrigo, 96

Bolshakova, Galina, 306

Bolshevik revolution. See Russian Revolution of, 1917

Bolshoi Dramatic Theater, 499-500

Bolshoi Theater, 294, 433, 447

Book market, 143-44, 150, 154, 156-57, 165-66, 175, 227-28, 492-98, 533

Borodin, Alexander, 77, 78, 102, 105, 107-11, 148, 347, 398, 489

Braque, Georges, 185

Brecht, Bertolt, 289

Brezhnev, Leonid, 67, 478, 512, 528, 531, 535, 536

Brik, Lilya, 236

Britten, Benjamin, 489

Briullov, Karl, 61-63, 83, 492

Brodersen, Yuri, 309

Brodsky, Andrei, 513

Brodsky, Joseph: aesthetics of, 514-15; and Akhmatova, 162, 420, 479, 481-82, 505, 510, 511, 513, 516; and the Beatles, 532; birth year of, 479; and Dostoyevsky, 49, 85; essays of, 516; expulsion to the West, 512-13, 517; jobs held by, 480, 523; and Mining Institute poets, 521; move to United States, xviii, 513; as Nobel Prize winner, 516-17; on Peter the Great, 515-16; on Petersburg culture, 547-48; poetry of, 480-82, 509, 512-18, 524-25, 533, 536, 540; on poet’s role, 519; on pro-Western orientation in Leningrad, 518, 527; on regeneration of Petersburg culture, 549; return from exile, 512; Sartre’s letter in defense of, 509-10, 512-13; Soviet edition of poetry of, 540; Soviet propaganda against, 514, 516-17; on St. Petersburg as the name for city, 544; and Stalin’s death, 479-80; trial and punishment of, xviii, 81, 476-78, 482, 508-10, 517, 524; Volkov’s collaborations with, xviii-xix

Bronze Horseman (statue), xii-xiii, xxi-xxii, 4-6, 18-20, 35, 216, 367, 370, 425, 428, 450, 541-42, 549, 550

Bronze Horseman, The (ballet), 502-03

Bronze Horseman, The (poem). See Pushkin, Alexander

Bruni, Lev, 184, 185, 286

Bruni, Nina, 238

Bryusov, Valery, 135, 150, 158, 167, 168, 171, 174, 176, 180

Bulgakov, Mikhail, 336, 469, 488

Bulgarin, Faddei, 27, 34, 38, 154

Bunin, Ivan, 167-68, 215, 320

Bunina, Anna, 164

Burns, Robert, 431-32

Cage, John, 187

Callot, Maria, 18, 19, 541

Carnival theory, 401, 404, 408, 470-72, 530

Casella, Alfredo, 370

Catherine the Great, xii, 16-21, 32-33, 65, 112, 263, 387, 491

Censorship, 27, 34, 48, 106, 113, 152, 175, 284, 285, 342, 367, 378, 411, 417, 453, 484, 488, 489, 491, 495, 498-99, 501, 508-09, 511, 521, 525, 531, 536

Chabukiani, Vakhtang, 501, 502, 506

Chagall, Marc, 28, 159-60, 183, 284

Chaliapin, Fyodor, xv, 76, 148-49, 171-72, 231, 262, 268, 274, 359, 377, 471

Chapayev, 458, 459

Charskaya, Lydia, 165-66

Charushin, Yevgeny, 495

Chekhonin, Sergei, 150, 282-83

Chekhov, Anton, 127, 153-54, 155, 166, 176, 308, 314, 489, 499

Chekrygin, Vassily, 306

Chemiakin, Mihail, 486-87, 513, 541-42

Cherkasov, Nikolai, 451

Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 48, 81, 82, 131, 340

Children’s literature, 492-98, 531

Chopin, Frederic, 90, 261, 305, 309, 357, 365, 367

Chopiniana, 252, 261, 262, 295, 315

Choreodramas, 501-03, 506

Chukovskaya, Lydia, 418-19, 421-22, 462

Chukovsky, Kornei, 37, 43, 152, 153, 156, 158-59, 165, 176, 238, 289, 382, 388, 418-19, 478, 492-93, 537

Chukovsky, Nikolai, 388, 414, 527

Concerto Baroque, 363

Counterplan, 457, 522

Court Singing Capella, 71, 72

Craft, Robert, 64, 70, 325-26, 330, 511

Croce, Arlene, 328

Cubism, 185, 270, 277, 311, 374

Cui, César, 75, 77-78, 81, 97, 108

Dadaism, 390, 397, 405, 486, 493, 530, 534, 537

Damskii listok (Ladies’ Sheet), 165

Danilova, Alexandra, 261, 295, 298, 304, 306, 308, 312, 317

Danini, Maya, 531

Dargomyzhsky, Alexander, 70, 75-80, 102, 105, 108; The Stone Guest, 76-80, 105, 108, 467

Dārzinš, Emīls, 343

Debussy, Claude, 88, 110, 191, 194, 341, 347, 350

Decembrist uprising, 23, 31, 32, 40, 43, 145, 386, 449, 460

Derzhavin, Gavriil, 515

Diaghilev, Sergei: Balanchine’s meeting with, in Paris, 315-16; ballet productions of, 95, 318-19, 348; and Ballets Russes, 254, 261-66, 489, 501; and Benois, 122-23; death of, 329; and Glinka, 64, 69-70; on “intimate art,” 187; and Mir iskusstva, xv, 128, 130-32, 215; and Nijinsky, 202, 265; as patron of the arts, 130, 133; and Petersburg, xix; and Petipa, 260; and Petrouchka, 263-66; politics of, 318; and Prince Igor, 110; on Prokofiev, 369; and promotion of ballet, 329; and promotion of Russian culture in the West, 127, 148, 249, 262-63, 413; and Stravinsky, 353; and Tchaikovsky, 123, 124, 318-19; and Young Ballet, 307

Diderot, Denis, xvi, 17, 18

Dmitriev, Mikhail, 35

Dmitriev, Vladimir, 293-96, 306-07, 311, 314, 389-90, 496-97

Dmitrieva, Elizaveta, 169-75

Dobin, Efim, 473

Dobuzhinsky, Mstislav, 70, 138, 150, 224-26, 283, 317, 323, 329, 487, 489

Dobychin, Leonid, 383-84

Dobychina, Nadezhda, 277-78, 280

Dolgopolov, Leonid, 200

Dom Iskusstv (House of the Arts), 374, 381

Don Quixote (ballet), 256, 258

Doronina, Tatyana, 500

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor: arrest and imprisonment of, 40-41, 403; and assassination of Alexander II, 94; Bakhtin on, 402-03; Bitov’s allusions to, 524; Brodsky’s essay on, 516; and Dobuzhinsky, 225; education of, 22, 75; on European cities, 52-53; and fire of 1862, 47; and Glinka, 68; and Mussorgsky, 84-86, 88; pardon of, by Alexander II, 43; on Peter the Great, 51-52, 118; Petersburg of, xii, xiv-xv, 37-55, 118, 125, 136, 215, 324, 441; in Petrashevsky circle, 39-41; as publisher, 358; on Pushkin, 126; quotations from, in Poem Without a Hero, 473; Rozanov on, 403; and Shostakovich, 408, 409; Soviet authorities’ view of, 52; Soviet ban on, 501; and student unrest, 48; and symbolists, 214; and Tchaikovsky, 116, 126; on terrorists, 93; translations of, 126; on “universal responsiveness,” 67; and Zoshchenko, 382—works: The Adolescent, 53; The Brothers Karamazov, 84, 116; Crime and Punishment, 49-51, 53, 84, 143, 265-66, 275, 324, 402, 486; The Double, 39; The Eternal Husband, 68; The Gambler, 79; The Idiot, 500; The Insulted and the Injured, 43-44; Poor Folk, 37-38, 43; White Nights, 39, 117, 225

Dovlatov, Sergei, 482, 513, 519-21, 540

Drigo, Riccardo, 259

Drug use. See Alcoholism and drug use

Dudinskaya, Natalya, 502-03, 503

Dudko, Mikhail, 306

Dukas, Paul, 341

Dunayevsky, Isaak, 487

Duncan, Isadora, 191, 295-96, 506

Durova, Nadezhda, 164

Duse, Eleonora, 94, 147

Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 235

Efimov, Nikolai, 312

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 43, 422, 428, 447, 448

Eikhenbaum, Boris, 176, 288, 371, 453, 455-56

Eisenstein, Sergei, 290, 302, 451-52, 459

Elena Pavlovna, Grand Duchess, 73, 74, 80, 81

Eliot, T. S., 316, 321

Eliseyev, 380

Elizabeth, Empress, 15, 16, 17, 71, 112, 131, 491

Elman, Mischa, 74, 361, 363

Émigrés, 261-62, 312, 313-14, 317-20,

330-31, 338-39, 373, 387, 388, 489, 507-08, 513-14, 536, 539-41, 547

Engelhardt, Anna, 230

Engels, Friedrich, 270

Erbstein, Boris, 293, 309, 314

Ermler, Fridrikh, 454, 457, 459-60

Ermolaeva, Vera, 495-96, 531

Ermolayev, Alexei, 447, 502

Eros, 295

Ershov, Ivan, 347

Eryomin, Mikhail, 521, 522

Esipova, Annette, 360-61, 362, 364

Eudoxia, Tsarina, 14, 211

Evenings of Contemporary Music, 149, 150, 190

Evreinov, Nikolai, 190, 274, 344

Experimental Studio of Chamber Opera, 284

Experimental Theater, 309-10

Exter, Alexandra, 184

Fabergé, François, 95, 147

Fabergé Easter eggs, 95, 508

Factory of the Eccentric Actor (FEKS), 301-03, 315, 394, 412, 455, 457, 458

Fadeyev, Alexander, 425

Falconet, Etienne Maurice, xii, xiii, 18-20, 35, 216, 541

Fedin, Konstantin, 392-93

Fedotov, Georgy, 547

FEKS. See Factory of the Eccentric Actor (FEKS)

Fellow travelers of the revolution, 372-73, 411

Feminism, 107, 182, 409, 531

Fet, Afanasy, 251

Figner, Vera, 92

Films, 152, 183, 303, 327, 451-52, 454-61, 463-64, 486, 511, 522, 527, 539

Filonov, Pavel, 270, 271, 275, 281, 367, 394-96, 398-99, 401, 411, 412, 437, 486

Filosofov, Dmitri, 122

Findeizen, Nikolai, 253

Firebird, 316, 348, 353, 489

Flames of Paris, 501

Flaubert, Gustave, 53, 227-28

Fleishman, Veniamin, 105, 489-90

Florensky, Alexander, 530

Fokine, Alexander, 273

Fokine, Michel, 110, 149, 187, 204, 252, 260-63, 267, 276, 292, 295, 297, 299, 305, 315, 471, 489, 506

Foregger, Nikolai, 296, 315

Formalism, 288-90, 411, 422, 423, 453, 463, 500

Forsh, Olga, 381

Fountain of Bakhchisarai, The (ballet), 501-02

Free Music School, 80-81

Freidenberg, Olga, 339, 437, 439

Futurism, 185-87, 394, 527, 530

Gabriac, Cherubina de. See Dmitrieva, Elizaveta

Galaktionov, Stepan, 60

Galina, Glafira, 166

Gapon, Father Georgy, 145

Garshin, Vsevolod, 94

Gavrilin, Valery, 546

Gayevsky, Vadim, 258

Ge, Nikolai, 83

Gerdt, Elizaveta, 258

Gerdt, Pavel, 258, 306

Gergiev, Valery, 546

German, Alexei, 539

Geva, Tamara. See Zheverzheyeva, Tamara

GINKHUK. See State Institute of Arts Culture (GINKHUK)

Ginzburg, Lydia, 391, 412, 453-54, 497, 522, 527, 531 Gladkaya, Lydia, 531

Glasnost, 429-30, 516, 525, 536, 543

Glazunov, Alexander, 69, 108, 261, 262, 305, 329, 343, 348-54, 362-64, 370

Glebov, Igor. See Asafyev, Boris

Glebova, Tatyana, 486

Glebova, Yevdokia, 396

Glebova-Sudeikina, Olga, 466, 468

Glière, Reinhold, 502

Glikman, Gavriil, 511-12

Glinka, Mikhail, xii, 63-72, 75, 91, 102, 108, 111, 201, 253, 319, 329, 340-43, 352, 437, 489—work: A Life for the Tsar, 63, 66, 68, 72, 91, 102, 108, 111, 393

Glivenko, Tatyana, 336, 339

Gnedich, Tatyana, 531

Gnedov, Vasilisk, 187

Gnessin, Mikhail, 343

Gogol, Nikolai: on ballet, 250; on Dostoyevsky, 37; on Last Day of Pompeii, 62; music based on works of, 76, 79; and Nabokov, 320, 322; on Petersburg, xiv, 26-32, 48, 53-54, 214, 441; popularity of, xv, 38, 294; quotations from, in Poem Without a Hero, 473; and St. Petersburg, 26-33, 48, 53-54, 125, 136, 215; and Zoshchenko, 378, 382-83—works: The Inspector General, 300, 398-99; Nevsky Prospect, 382-83; The Overcoat, 28, 30-31, 36, 37, 76, 455-56; The Nose, 28, 29, 50, 79, 373, 388, 408, 456

Goleizovsky, Kasyan, 296, 299, 315

Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Arseny, 88, 105, 106

Golos (The Voice), 44

Golovin, Alexander, 148, 171, 199-200, 293

Golovkin, Count, 8

Golyavkin, Viktor, 526

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 429-30, 516, 535, 537, 543, 544-45

Gorbachev, Raisa, 537

Gorbanevskaya, Natalya, 508

Gorbovsky, Gleb, 521, 523, 531

Gorenko, Anna. See Akhmatova, Anna

Goricheva, Tatyana, 531

Gorky, Maxim, 187, 210, 211, 214, 227-29, 232, 235, 351, 380, 538

Gorodetsky, Mikhail, 153

Gorodetsky, Sergei, 178

Govorov, Lt. Gen. Leonid, 440, 448-49

Grachev, Rid, 521

Grandeur of the Universe, 298-300

Granin, Daniil, xvi, 439-40

Great Citizen, The, 459-60

Great Terror, xvi, 414-22, 441, 442, 459-60, 495-96, 522

Grebenshikov, Boris, 533-35

Grechaninov, Alexander, 343

Griboedov, Alexander, 287, 500

Grigorovich, Dmitri, 37, 48

Grigorovich, Yuri, 506

Grigoryev, Apollon, 33-34, 39

Grigoryev, Boris, 185, 492

Grigoryev, Oleg, 530-31 Grin, Alexander, 384

Gromov, Valentin, 529

Gukovsky, Grigory, 452-53

Gumilyov, Lev, 229, 415-17, 421, 469, 510-11, 546

Gumilyov, Nikolai: and Akhmatova, 162-63, 169, 172-73, 178, 228-30, 237-42, 468; arrest of, 234-37, 241, 415, 537; and Blok, 230-31, 239; in Bolshevik Petrograd, 222, 228, 229; and cultural enterprises under the Bolsheviks, 228; death of, 235, 236, 239-40, 318, 323, 354, 421, 449, 518, 537; divorce from Akhmatova, 230; in duel, 169, 171-73; and Eikhenbaum, 453; Ivanov on, 405; marriage to Akhmatova, 162; Merezhkovskys’ reception for, 168; on Tsvetayeva, 167; poetry of, 174, 178-79, 230, 317, 375, 405, 533; rehabilitation of, 537; at The Stray Dog, 187; view of Europe, 10; at Vsemirnaya Literatura Publishing House, 228; in World War I, 196-99, 228

Gusev, Pyotr, 298, 305

Gushchinsky, Vassily, 310

Gvozdev, Alexei, 309

Hamlet (film), 463-64, 500

Hamsun, Knut, 147

Hartman, Viktor, 86

Heifetz, Yascha, 74, 361-63, 368

Herbert, George, 518

Hermitage Museum, 18, 206, 213, 541

Hermitage Theater, 283-84

Herzen, Alexander, 42, 62

Hindemith, Paul, 367, 370, 371

Hippius, Zinaida, 127, 144, 149, 158, 168-69, 172, 175, 199, 215, 330, 536

Hitler, Adolf, xvi, 342, 425-26, 428, 429, 439, 442, 446

Hoffmann, E. T. A., 28, 53, 124, 137, 264-65, 294, 375

Homosexuality, 99-100, 156, 189, 202, 265, 364

Horowitz, Vladimir, 312, 364

House of the Arts, 380-82, 385-87

Hugo, Victor, 53, 131

Idiot, The (ballet), 504

Imperial Russian Musical Society, 74, 76, 80, 106

Inber, Vera, 335

Ippolitov-Ivanov, Mikhail, 343

Iron Hall, 284, 308, 311

Ivan the Terrible, 451-52

Ivanov, Georgy, 320, 405

Ivanov, Vsevolod, 376

Ivanov, Vyacheslav, 158, 171, 177-78, 190, 217, 317, 405

Ivanova, Lydia, 303, 304, 306, 312-13

Jeu des cartes, 321, 325

Jews, 103, 153, 183-84, 277-78, 362, 366, 454, 513, 519, 545-46

Joyce, James, 215, 320, 523

Kafka, Franz, 31, 215, 320, 407, 477

Kantemir, Antioch, 16, 515

Kapp, Artur, 343

Karakozov, Dmitri, 90-91

Karamzin, Nikolai, 11

Karatygin, Vassily, 27-28

Karatygin, Vyacheslav, 189, 190

Kardovsky, Dmitri, 492

Karsavina, Tamara, 187, 268, 292, 501

Kataev, Valentin, 447

Kavelin, Konstantin, 43

Kaverin, Veniamin, 339, 378, 498

Kazan Cathedral, 39, 94, 128, 240, 504-05

Kchessinska, Mathilda, 192-94, 203, 258

Kennedy, Jacqueline, 257

Khachaturian, Aram, 72, 451, 463

Kharms, Daniil, 392-94, 397, 401, 405-08, 488, 493-94, 526, 539

Kheifetz, Mikhail, 517

Khlebnikov, Velimir, 167, 270, 367, 369, 394, 527

Khodasevich, Vladislav, 150, 180, 234-35, 320, 380, 385-86, 405, 406

Kholodnaya, Vera, 183

Khristapson, 306

Khrushchev, Nikita, 43, 478, 487, 489, 499, 522, 524, 528, 536, 537

Kichanova, Irina, 496

Kinchev, Konstantin, 533

King Lear, 463-64

Kirill, Grand Duke, 194

Kirov, Sergei, xvi, 235, 413-15, 450, 457, 459, 495

Kirov Ballet, 501-04, 506

Kirov Theater, 489, 501-02, 505, 541. See also Maryinsky Theater

Kirstein, Lincoln, 307, 321, 327

Klyuchevsky, Vassily, 10, 11

Klyuev, Nikolai, 194

Knaifel, Alexander, 490

Knyazev, Vsevolod, 466, 468

Kochno, Boris, 315

Kokoschka, Oskar, 486

Kolpakova, Irina, 503

Konisskaya, Maria, 496

Konstantin, Grand Duke, 83, 106, 115

Kopelyan, Efim, 500

Kornilov, Boris, 457, 522

Korolenko, Vladimir, 51

Koroleva, Nina, 531

Koussevitzky, Serge, 435

Kozhukhova, Maria, 306

Kozintsev, Grigory, 301-03, 389-90, 454-56, 458, 459, 461, 463-65, 500

Kramskoy, Ivan, 82, 90, 492

Krasnaya gazeta (Red Gazette), 208-09, 393-94

Krivulin, Viktor, 522

Kruchenykh, Alexei, 270, 273, 276, 527

Kuindzhi, Arkhip, 83 Kukolnik, Nestor, 63, 66, 67

Kumpan, Elena, 531

Kurdov, Valentin, 495

Kushner, Alexander, 519-22, 543

Kustodiev, Boris, 283, 357-60

Kuzmin, Mikhail, 144, 150, 159-60, 166, 171, 173-74, 189-90, 233, 290, 293, 312, 317, 344, 471, 489

Kuzmina, Elena, 302

Kuzminsky, Konstantin, 513, 523, 528

Kuznetsov, Alexei, 440, 448

Lanceray, Yevgeny, 163, 171

Laroche, German, 98

Lavrovsky, Mikhail, 501

Lavrov, Kirill, 500

Lebedev, Vladimir, 184, 214, 494-97

Lebedev, Yevgeny, 500

Lebedinsky, Lev, 430

LeBlond, Alexandre Jean-Baptiste, 11

LeClerq, Tanaquil, 313

Lecouvreur, Adrienne, 312

Lenfilm studios, 454-56, 458-59, 463-64, 539

Lenin, Vladimir: attempted assassination of, 207-08; and Blok, 232, 236; and Bolshevik revolution, 203, 305; death of, 335-36, 340; and end of World War I, 206, 207-09; on films, 454; and Gumilyov’s arrest, 235, 236; as head of Bolshevik government, 205; on industrialization, 129; and move of capital from Petrograd to Moscow, xvi, 207-11, 338, 339, 446; New Economic Policy (NEP) of, 303-04, 308-09, 310; opposition to opera and ballet, 285-86; and Zinoviev, 338

Leningrad: award to, as “hero city,” 445-48; flooding of, 339-40; Great Terror in, xvi, xvii, 414-22, 441, 442, 459-60, 495-96, 522; Kharms on, 406; Kirov assassination in, 413-15; population of, 478; reactionary climate of, toward intellectual elite, 478-79; renamed St. Petersburg, 542-45; shift of talent to Moscow from, 446-47; Petrograd renamed as, 336-40; Stalin’s cultural deprivation of, after World War II, xvi, 449-54, 463, 465, 468-70, 538; Vaginov on, 406; after World War II, 445-54; in World War II, xvi, 105, 396-97, 425-29, 432-42, 445-47, 479, 489-90, 526. See also Petrograd; St. Petersburg

Leningrad Comedy Theater, 490-92, 499, 500

Leningrad Conservatory, 94, 254-55, 363-64, 366, 393, 425, 485, 489. See also Petersburg Conservatory

Leningrad Philharmonic, 306, 354-55, 427, 440, 453, 482-84, 488, 511

Leontiev, Leonid, 306

Lermontov, Mikhail, 25, 43, 199-200, 453, 471-72, 500, 524

Leschetitzky, Theodor, 360

Leskov, Nikolai, 176, 358, 408-09

Levinson, André, 197, 227-28, 292, 317, 319, 321

Liadov, Anatoly, 343, 348-50, 362

Ligachev, Yegor, 543 Ligovsky Prospect, 45

Likhachev, Dmitri, 438, 545

Liszt, Franz, 71, 73, 106, 360, 367

Literary hoaxes, 169-73

Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary Gazette), 510, 517

Litvinov, Maxim, 430

Livshits, Benedikt, 185, 186, 196, 274

Lokhvitskaya, Mirra, 167-68, 175

Lomonosov, Mikhail, 16

Lopukhov, Fyodor, 191, 254-55, 267, 292, 297-300, 305, 313-15, 408, 412, 414, 447, 501, 503, 506

Lopukhova, Lydia, 297

Loseff, Lev, 412, 466, 513, 520, 522, 540

Lotman, Yuri, 252

Lourié, Arthur, 185, 188-89, 191, 219, 233, 284

Lukashevich, Klavdia, 165-66

Lukin, Lev, 296

Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 203-06, 208, 210-13, 227, 228, 231, 232, 281, 286, 403

Lunts, Lev, 376

Lvov, Alexei, 72-73

Lysenko, Nikolai, 343

Lyubov and Silin, 490

Magazines. See names of specific magazines

Mahler, Gustav, 147, 355, 485

Makarova, Natalya, 507, 541

Makovsky, Konstantin, 104-05

Makovsky, Sergei, 169-72

Makovsky, Vladimir, 94

Malakhovskaya, Natalya, 531

Malevich, Casimir, xix, 270, 271, 276-81, 283, 315, 367, 369, 394-96, 411-12, 486

Malko, Nikolai, 345, 349, 354-55, 357

Mamonova, Tatyana, 531

Mandelstam, Nadezhda, 191-92

Mandelstam, Osip: and Akhmatova, 176, 179, 207, 241, 481; and ballet, 290; Brodsky’s essay on, 516; Communist view of, 318; compared with Brodsky, 515; death of, 528, 537; on European humanistic legacy, 545; on “fragile Europeans,” 146, 191; and House of the Arts, 380-81, 384-85; on “longing for world culture,” 519, 527; in Moscow, 447; on Petersburg, 221-24, 383, 386-87, 461; poetry of, 179, 220, 223, 317, 381-82, 447, 481, 548; rehabilitation of, 489, 538-59; on Rozanov, 404; on Shklovsky, 289; on Shvarts’s children’s books, 498; and Stray Dog, 195; on Tyshler, 184; on Vaginov, 405; during World War I, 207; and Zoshchenko, 383

Mandelstam, Roald, 528

Maramzin, Vladimir, 517, 541

Markov, Vladimir. See Matvejs, Voldemar

Marshak, Samuil, 492-96

Martin, John, 70

Martyanov, Nikolai, 207 Martynov, Andrei, 60

Marx, Adolf, 155-56

Maryinsky Theater, 64-65, 69, 78, 96, 98, 121-24, 147-49, 171-72, 192, 193, 204, 247-48, 255, 260, 267, 268, 285-86, 294, 297, 299, 303, 305, 308, 310-13, 315-16, 319, 340, 351, 483, 489, 503, 541, 543, 546

Massie, Robert K., 327

Masters of Analytical Art, 395, 398

Matiushin, Mikhail, xix, 270, 276, 278, 288, 369, 395—work: Victory Over the Sun, 274, 276-78, 280, 394, 527

Matov, Alexei, 310

Matvejs, Voldemar, 282

Maupassant, Guy de, 94, 166, 176, 294

Maxim’s Youth, 458, 459

May, Karl, 122

Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 177, 187, 205, 212, 236, 239, 270-76, 281-84, 288, 291, 307, 317-18, 471, 527—works: A Cloud in Trousers, 286-87, 315; Mystery-Bouffe, 271, 283, 286; Vladimir Mayakovsky, 273-76, 288-89, 394

Meek, Nadezhda von, 114, 126

Medtner, Nikolai, 296

Melngailis, Emils, 343

Menshikov, Alexander, 7, 12-13, 46, 520

Merezhkovsky, Dmitri, 127-28, 135, 151-52, 155-56, 158, 168-69, 215, 536

Merzlyakov, Alexei, 541

Meyerhold, Vsevolod, xv, xix, 147, 159-60, 190, 199, 201, 202, 205, 269-71, 274, 281, 283-85, 293-94, 302, 307, 309, 315, 316, 371, 471-72, 500, 502

Mezentsov, 91

Mighty Five, 78-79, 81, 83, 96-99, 102, 107, 109, 126, 343, 348, 349, 356, 467

Mikhail, Grand Duke, 73, 94

Mikhailov, Mikhail, 268-69

Mikhailovsky Palace, 21-22, 91, 95

Mikhnov-Voitenko, Yevgeny, 529

Mikoyan, Anastas, 509-10

Milashevsky, Vladimir, 224, 287, 293, 446

Milhaud, Darius, 370, 371

Milstein, Nathan, xix, 74, 149, 155, 312, 329, 361-63, 364, 368

Milyutin, Dmitri, 92

Mining Institute poets, 521-22

Minkus, Ludwig, 259-60, 318

Mir iskusstva (World of Art), xi, xv, 78, 128, 130-36, 138, 147, 149, 150, 163, 169, 181, 183, 185, 186, 193, 205, 214, 215, 220, 221, 223, 249, 250, 260-64, 282, 297, 317, 323, 329, 357-58, 412, 413, 487, 489

Mirsky, D. S., 157, 289, 317, 374, 387

Mitki, 530-31, 534

Mitrokhin, Dmitri, 495

Miturich, Pyotr, 184, 185-86, 280

Modigliani, Amedeo, 162-63

Morozov, Savva, 131

Moscow: Lenin’s move of capital to, xvi, 207-11, 338, 339, 446; and Peter the Great, 8, 9, 209, 210; shift of talent from Leningrad to, 446-47; Shostakovich’s move to, 463; and Slavophiles, 31-32

Motion pictures. See Films

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 76, 118, 213, 367, 392, 467, 511, 530

Mozartiana, 260, 329

Mravinsky, Yevgeny, 74, 305-06, 422, 423, 429, 483-85, 546

Munch, Edvard, 305

Mussorgsky, Modest, xii, 54, 75, 77-80, 83-90, 96-98, 102-03, 105-08, 118, 148, 343, 347, 356, 395, 489, 511, 520—works: Boris Godunov, 54, 84, 85, 86, 96, 98, 102, 106, 107, 108, 356, 488; “Forgotten,” 103, 105, 106; Khovanshchina, 84-85, 108, 118, 356; Marriage, 79, 80, 108, 389; Pictures at an Exhibition, 86, 103, 106; Songs and Dances of Death, 106, 116; Sunless, 88, 105

Myaskovsky, Nikolai, 149, 343, 351, 463

Nabokov, Vladimir, xviii, 30, 33, 147, 215, 320-26, 330, 523, 525, 536, 539-40—work: Speak, Memory, 323, 324-26, 380, 387, 516, 526

Nabokov, Vladimir (father), 204, 320

Nadson, Semyon, 94

Nagrodskaya, Eudoxia, 165-66

Napoleon, 22, 100, 113, 164, 449

Naumenko, Mikhail (“Mike”), 532, 535

Nayman, Anatoly, 481, 510, 521

Nekrasov, Nikolai, 36-37, 38, 45, 61

Neoclassicism, 316-19, 321, 362-63, 492

NEP. See New Economic Policy (NEP)

Nevsky Pickwickians, 122-26

Nevsky Prospect, xxi, 11, 26, 28-29, 39, 44, 45, 60, 61, 111, 112, 145-47, 150, 161, 197, 200, 202, 227, 269, 304, 307, 380, 382-83, 398, 447, 491, 493, 504, 524

New Economic Policy (NEP), 303-04, 308-09, 310

New York City Ballet, 70, 261, 306, 330, 368, 504-05, 507

Newspapers. See specific newspapers

Nicholas and Alexandra, 327

Nicholas I, 21, 24-30, 32-33, 40-43, 45, 61-62, 68, 72, 73, 75, 78, 81, 82, 99-101, 122, 137, 145, 236-37, 251-52, 256, 403

Nicholas II, 95, 129, 144-46, 153-54, 192, 194, 195, 198-99, 202, 216, 248, 256, 337, 397

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 53, 132, 403

Nihilism, 47-48, 81, 90-95, 131, 138, 460, 547

Nijinsky, Vaslav, 149, 191, 202, 265, 292, 501

Nikisch, Arthur, 147

Nikolayev, Leonid, 306, 363-64, 366

Nono, Luigi, 367

Nouvel, Walter, 122, 150

Novoye vremya, 127, 153-54

Nureyev, Rudolf, 502-04, 507, 541

Nutcracker, 137, 204, 256, 258, 297, 330

Oberiuts, 391-94, 397, 405, 412, 417, 486, 489, 493, 496, 530, 531, 537, 539

Oblakov, Andrei, 303

Oborin, Lev, 340

Ogonyok (Little Flame), 155, 165

Oleinikov, Nikolai, 390-91, 397, 493, 539

Opera. See specific composers

Opoyaz, 288-90, 344, 371, 386, 453, 455, 482

Osipenko, Alia, 503

Ouspensky, P. D., 281

Overcoat, The, 455-56, 459

Palace Square, 22, 42, 92, 195, 213, 214, 545

Panov, Valery, 504

Paramonov, Boris, 513

Pasternak, Boris, 166, 273-74, 275, 339, 340, 366, 367, 405, 464, 469

Paul I, 21, 137

Pavlova, Anna, xv, 149, 258, 292, 471, 492, 501

PBO case, 234-36

People’s Comedy, 284-85, 308

Perestroika, 411, 516, 535, 536

Perrot, Jules, 257

Peter and Paul Fortress, 12, 40-41, 47, 213, 541

Peter the Great: alcohol use by, 520; Brodsky on, 515-16; Chemiakin’s monument to, 541-42; Dostoyevsky on, 51-52; founding of St. Petersburg by, xi, xiii-xiv, 6, 9-12, 195, 210, 249, 337; in literature, 215, 218, 397; as monarch, 7-16, 31, 32, 49, 125; and Moscow, 8, 9, 209, 210; Nicholas II on, 195; Pushkin on, 12; and railroads, 67; Stalin on, 452; Tchaikovsky’s and Benois’s interest in, 137; wax figure of, 388, 541. See also Bronze Horseman

Peterburgskaya gazeta, 153, 192

Petersburg. See Leningrad; Petrograd; St. Petersburg

Petersburg Conservatory, 74, 80, 111, 123, 149, 189, 253, 305-06, 343-45, 350-54, 360-66, 393. See also Leningrad Conservatory; Petrograd Conservatory

Petersburg Philharmonic, 546

Petersburg school of composition, 341-42, 352, 355-57, 363, 369, 487

Petipa, Marius, 124, 252, 256-60, 297-98, 305, 315, 317, 318-19, 327-28, 351

Petkevich, Inga, 531

Petrashevsky, Mikhail, 39-41, 43, 48

Petrograd: Akhmatova’s identification with, xvii, 221-25, 240-43; Bolshevik

Petrograd, 202-24, 336-37; after Bolshevik revolution, 211-14, 225-27; Bolshevik revolution in, 202-07, 336-37; as center of avantgarde movement, 369-71; first celebration of Bolshevik revolution in, 212-13; Lenin’s move of capital to Moscow from, xvi, 207-11, 338, 339, 446; population of, 211; renaming of, to Leningrad, 336-40; St. Petersburg renamed as, 195-96, 337, 339; in World War I, 195-200, 206-09. See also Leningrad; St. Petersburg

Petrograd Conservatory, 305-06, 352-53. See also Petersburg Conservatory

Petrouchka, 137, 261, 263-66, 295, 316, 326, 348, 471, 489

Petrov, Andrei, 487

Petrov-Vodkin, Kuzma, 185, 293, 307, 395

Pilnyak, Boris, 431

Piotrovsky, Adrian, 399

Pisarev, Dmitri, 51, 81-82

Plisetskaya, Maya, 506-07

Polivanov, Yevgeny, 288

Polonsky, Yakov, 94

Ponomarev, Vladimir, 306

Popov, Valery, 526

Porcelain production, 282-83

Potemkin, Grigory, 17

Pravda, 157, 232, 410-11, 433, 434, 436, 496

Preobrazhenskaya, Olga, 258

Prokofiev, Sergei, 74, 79, 80, 149, 150, 296, 311, 315, 318, 341, 345-56, 360, 364, 369, 370, 422, 451, 453, 463, 489, 501, 511

Proletarian culture, 372-73, 411

Pronin, Boris, 186, 187

Propper, Solomon, 154-55

Proust, Marcel, 215, 320, 523

Pseudoclassicism, 362

Publishing. See Book market; Children’s literature; and names of specific magazines and newspapers

Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 459

Pugni, Cesare, 259

Pulcinella, 316, 362

Punin, Nikolai, xxiii-xxiv, 184-86, 212, 270, 279-82, 284, 369-70, 415-16, 449, 452, 469, 497

Pushkin, Alexander: alcohol use by, 520; on Alexander I, 22; Blok’s speech on, 231-32, 239; on Catherine the Great, 17; Communists’ view of, 319; compared with Dostoevsky, 54; compared with Glinka, 342-43; death of, 25, 30, 43; Dostoyevsky on, 126; duel of, 172; on ethnic groups, 101; on founding of St. Petersburg, 11; life of, 3-4, 15; and Nabokov, 320, 322-23; and Nicholas I, 24-25, 236-37; operas based on works of, 54, 76, 77, 319, 371, 467-68; on Peter the Great, 12, 13, 15-16, 25; on Petersburg, 542; Pisarev on, 81; quotations from, in Poem Without a Hero, 473; reputation of, in Stalinist Russia, xv; Zoshchenko on, 383—works: The Bronze Horseman, xii-xiv, 4-6, 7, 16, 23-25, 25n, 30, 34, 35, 52, 53, 120, 121, 125, 135-36, 216, 275, 287, 310, 336, 340, 388, 397, 424-25, 448-49, 466, 470, 472, 475, 524, 547; Eugene Onegin, 322-23, 476; The Queen of Spades, 119-21, 135, 294; “To the Slanderers of Russia,” 100-01 Pushkin, Alexander I., 503-04, 507

Pushkin, Natalie, 30

Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 76, 262, 305, 363, 367

Radlov, Sergei, 283, 284-85, 308, 311, 315, 502

Ragtime, 316, 328

RAPM. See Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians (RAPM)

RAPP. See Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP)

Rasputin, Grigory, 194, 197, 198, 327, 454

Rastrelli, Carlo, 541

Rastrelli, Francesco, 15

Ravel, Maurice, 86, 88, 110, 341, 356, 429

Raymonda, 256, 305, 351

Razin, Stepan, 152

Realism. See Socialist realism

Rein, Yevgeny, 481, 488, 510, 521

Rekshan, Vladimir, 532

Religious-Philosophical Society, 150-51, 158

Remizov, Alexei, 392-93

Repin, Ilya, 83, 89, 94, 96-97

Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai: in Belyaev Circle, 349-50; death of, 150; and Historical Russian Concerts, 262; music by, 77-79, 311, 340, 341, 346-47, 353; and Mussorgsky, 87, 356; on orchestration, 353; on Oriental motifs, 102; on Prince Igor, 107-08; private life of, 395; as professor of Petersburg Conservatory, 150, 189, 343-45; and Prokofiev, 352. 353; and Shostakovich, 341, 353. 355; significance and popularity of, 150, 341-42, 489; Richard Strauss on, 348; and Stravinsky, 149-50, 341, 344-45, 350, 352-53; students of, 253, 343-46, 348, 350; Turgenev on, 97

Rock movement, 532-35

Roerich, Nikolai, 64

Rokhlin, Vadim, 529

Romanov, Boris, 191

Romanov, Grigory, 535-36

Romeo and Juliet (ballet), 311, 501

Rossi, Carlo, 42-43, 251, 254, 283

Rostopchina, Countess Eudoxia, 164

Rostovtsev, Mikhail, xv

Rozanov, Vassily, 184, 403-04, 407

Ruban, Vassily, 20

Rubinstein, Anton, 73-74, 80, 111, 253, 304, 360

Rukhin, Yevgeny, 529

Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians (RAPM), 372, 373

Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), 372, 411

Russian Museum, xi, 95, 216, 411

Russian Orthodox Church, 51, 101, 150-51, 366, 368, 511, 543

Russian revolution of 1905, 144, 145-46

Russian Revolution of 1917, 65, 94, 202-07, 281, 313, 336-40, 405; fiftieth anniversary of, 326-27

Russo-Japanese War, 144-45

Russo-Turkish War, 133

Saar, Mart, 343

Sadovnikov, Vassily, 60

St. Isaac’s Cathedral, 22, 42, 222

St. Petersburg: architecture of, 11-13, 22, 42-43, 221-22, 249-50, 254-55; Bloody Sunday in, 145, 461, 462; Decembrist uprising in, 23, 31, 32, 40, 43, 145, 386, 449; fires in, 47-48; flooding of, 46, 209, 339-40; founding of, xi, xiii-xiv, 6-7, 9-12, 195, 210, 249, 337; gaslights for, 27; industry in, 129-30, 144; periodic regeneration of culture of, 549-50; population of, 44, 143-44, 183-84; renamed Leningrad, 336-40; renamed Petrograd, 195-96, 337, 339; return of name, in 1991, xxi, 542-45; Russian Revolution in, 65, 94, 202-07, 281, 313, 336-40, 405; student unrest in 1861, 47-48. See also Leningrad; Petrograd; and names of city buildings

Salisbury, Harrison, 448

Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail, 96-97, 260

Samizdat, 508-09, 517, 527, 528, 530, 531, 533

Samokhvalov, Alexander, 495

Samosud, Samuil, 433

Sankt-Peterburg (rock band), 532

Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti, 81, 97

Sardoux, Victorienne, 94

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 320-21, 509-10, 512-13

Satie, Eric, 189, 276, 371

Sats, Ilya, 188, 190-91, 193-94

Sauguet, Henri, 295

Savaneli, Kharlampy, 253

Savicheva, Tanya, 437

Savoyarov, Mikhail, 310

Schnittke, Alfred, 324

Schnitzler, Arthur, 471

Schoenberg, Arnold, 190, 342, 371, 486

Schumann, Robert, 71-72, 357, 511

Scriabin, Alexander, xv, 179, 188, 272, 296, 305, 315, 355, 365, 371

Secret police, 35, 43, 231, 234-36, 396-97, 402-03, 422, 457, 477-78, 496, 512, 517, 522

Semyonov, Viktor, 447

Semyonova, Marina, 447, 502, 503

Senate Square, 20, 21, 23, 42, 145

Serafimovich, Alexander, 418

Serapion Brothers, 375-76, 378, 380, 384, 392-93, 408, 488, 522

Serebryakova, Galina, 335

Serebryakova, Zinaida, 193, 317

Serenade (ballet), 295, 298, 329

Serfs, emancipation of, 44-45, 90, 520

Serge, Victor, 235

Sergeyev, Konstantin, 502-03

Serov, Alexander, 148

Serov, Valentin, 277

Severnaya pchela (Northern Bee), 27, 38, 61-62, 154, 251

Severyanin, Igor, 150 Shagin, Dmitri, 530

Shagin, Vladimir, 529, 530

Shakespeare, William, 27, 86, 227, 322, 408, 463-64

Shaporin, Yuri, 361

Shaporina, Lyubov, 414, 418

Sharko, Zinaida, 500

Shaw, George Bernard, 311, 360

Shcherbina, Nikolai, 35

Shebalin, Vissarion, 113

Sheldon, Edward, 293

Shelest, Alia, 503

Shestov, Lev, 515

Shevchuk, Yuri, 533

Shileiko, Vladimir, 230

Shinkarev, Vladimir, 530, 534

Shklovsky, Viktor, 195, 197, 202-03, 211, 274, 277, 284, 287-92, 296, 310, 315, 351, 375-77, 381-87, 393, 404, 424, 453, 455, 482, 512

Shkolnik, Ilya, 275

Shostakovich, Dmitri: and Akhmatova, ix-x, 462, 474, 511; and avant-garde, 371-72; and Balanchine, 306; and ballet, 306; on censorship, 511-12; on Chekhov, 308; Communist view of, 342, 365, 410-11, 422, 434, 436, 451, 453, 463, 484, 496; on Dargomyzhsky, 76-77; defense of Brodsky by, 478; and Dostoyevsky, 408, 409; film scores by, 456-57, 460, 463-64, 522; on flooding of Leningrad, 340; and Glazunov, 352-55; and Glinka, 340-41; and Great Terror, 422-24; on Lenin’s death, 336; memoirs of, xix; move to Moscow, 463; in Mravinsky’s repertoire, 483; personality of, 379; at Petersburg Conservatory, 74, 306, 315, 352-54, 425; as pianist, 364; and Prokofiev, 355; on renaming of Petrograd to Leningrad, 339; reorchestration of Mussorgsky’s works, 356; and Rimsky-Korsakov, 341, 353, 355; Shklovsky on, 290; and Sokolovsky, 400-01; Sollertinsky on, 408; and sports, 497; and Stravinsky, 355, 370, 432; and Tchaikovsky, 353, 356; and Ustvolskaya, 485; during World War II, 425-29; on Yudina, 368; and Zabolotsky, 398; and Zoshchenko, 379-80—works: The Carp, 390-91; “Dedication to October,” 373; Eighth Symphony, 483; Eleventh Symphony (1905 Symphony), xviii, 461-64; Fifteenth Symphony, 484; Fifth Symphony, xvii-xviii, 422-25, 483, 484; First Symphony, 354-55, 357; Fourteenth Symphony, 106; Fourth Symphony, 422; The Gamblers, 79; Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, 390, 408-11, 433, 489; The Nose, 79, 373-74, 388-89, 394, 399, 408, 414, 433, 456, 487; orchestration of Songs and Dances of Death, 106; quartets, ix-x, 485, 488; Rayok, 81n; Second Symphony, 373; Seventh (“Leningrad”) Symphony, xvii-xviii, 422, 427-36, 440-41, 474; “Six Songs,” 431; Suite to Poems by Michelangelo, 485; Third Symphony, 371-72; Thirteenth Symphony, 431, 483

Shostakovich, Maxim, 485

Shukhaev, Vassily, 317, 492

Shuvalov, Pyotr, 164

Shvarts, Elena, 531

Shvarts, Iosif, 364

Shvarts, Sholom, 529

Shvarts, Yevgeny, 415, 422, 423, 463-64, 492-94, 497-99, 527

Simeonov, Konstantin, 489

Simonov, Konstantin, 454

Sinyavin, Igor, 529

Sinyavsky, Andrei, xiii

Sleeping Beauty, 122-25, 255, 256, 258, 260, 297, 300, 318-19, 472

Slonimsky, Mikhail, 376, 378, 522, 527

Slonimsky, Sergei, 488

Slonimsky, Yuri (“Tuka”), 292-95, 297, 300, 314, 315

Smakov, Gennady, 513

Smoktunovsky, Innokenty, 464, 500

Sobchak, Anatoly, 536, 544, 545

Socialist realism, 411-13

Sofronitsky, Vladimir, 306, 364-66, 368-69, 371

Sokolovsky, Mikhail, 399-401, 412, 490

Sokurov, Alexander, 539

Sollertinsky, Ivan, 296, 299, 407-09, 427, 502

Sollogub, Count Vladimir, 38, 69, 70, 72, 200

Sologub, Fyodor, 150, 158

Soloviev-Sedoi, Vassily, 487

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 420, 488, 543-44

Somnambula, La, 305

Somov, Konstantin, 122, 181, 225, 317

Sosnora, Viktor, 526, 528

Soutine, Chaim, 183

Sovremennik, 131, 389

Spendiarov, Alexander, 343

Spessivtseva, Olga, 294-95

Stalin, Joseph: and Akhmatova, 415-16, 468-70; and award to city of Leningrad, 445; compared with Nicholas I, 42; cultural deprivation of Leningrad after World War II, xvi, 449-54, 463, 465, 468-70, 538; death of, 43, 311, 478, 479-80; and film industry, 451-52, 454, 457-60, 464; and Great Terror in Leningrad, xvi, 414-22, 459-60, 522; interest in Glinka, 65, 66;on Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great, 451-52; and Kirov assassination, 414; and the Kirov Ballet, 502; and Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, 410; and Leningrad Affair, xvi, 465; on Lenin’s death, national anthem chosen by, 72; and Soviet culture, 411, 413, 446; victims of, during World War II, 40, 365, 426, 428, 434, 436, 439, 442; and writers, 468-69; and Yudina recording, 367; Zamyatin’s appeal to, 375

Stasov, Vladimir, 74, 77, 78, 83, 90, 97, 98, 103, 131, 348

State Institute of Arts Culture (GINKHUK), 369

Steinberg, Maximilian, 341, 354, 357, 371

Steiner, Rudolf, 217

Stepnyak-Kravchinsky, Sergei, 47, 91-92

Sterligov, Vladimir, 486, 495-97

Sterne, Lawrence, 385-86

Stokowski, Leopold, 355

Stolypin, Pyotr, 362

Stoppard, Tom, 518

Strauss, Johann, Jr., 69

Strauss, Richard, 201, 347-48, 350, 355

Stravinsky, Fyodor, 110

Stravinsky, Igor: and Akhmatova, 511; autobiographical books by, 325-26, 330, 511; and Balanchine, 70, 315, 316, 325, 328-30; and ballet revolution, 501; Communist view of, 342, 488-89; compared with Nabokov, 321, 324-26; death of, 322; Glazunov on, 350; and Glinka, 65, 69; move to United States, xviii, 321-22, 324-25, 369; in Mravinsky’s repertoire, 484; performance of works in Leningrad, 370, 371; politics of, 318; rehabilitation of, and visit to Russia, 489, 504, 506; and Rimsky-Korsakov, 341, 344-45, 350, 352-53; and St. Petersburg, 326; and Shostakovich, 355, 370, 432; and Tchaikovsky, 100, 318-19, 325, 356; in Yudina’s repertoire, 367, 368, 370—works: Agon, 328, 484, 505; Apollo, 328, 484; Apollon Musagète, 316, 318, 321, 324, 325, 432; Le Baiser de la fée, 325, 326, 484; Firebird, 316, 348, 353, 489; Jeu des cartes, 321, 325; Mavra, 319; Movements for Piano and Orchestra, 328; The Nightingale, 316, 326, 353; Orpheus, 328; Perséphone, 328; Petrouchka, 137, 261, 263-66, 295, 316, 326, 348, 471, 489; Pulcinella, 316, 362; Ragtime, 316, 328; Le Sacre du printemps, 64, 489; Symphony of Psalms, 321, 419, 428, 431

Stravinsky, Vera, 191

Stray Dog, The, 186-91, 194-96, 273, 276, 287-88, 405

Sudeikin, Sergei, 187, 191

Suetin, Nikolai, 283

Sumarokov, Alexander, 16

Suprematism, 278, 412, 486

Suvorin, Alexei, 110, 154

Sviatopolk-Mirsky, Prince Dmitri. See Mirsky, D. S.

Sviridov, Georgy, 546

Swan Lake, 256, 258-60

Symbolism, 127, 135, 150, 151, 155-58, 162, 168, 174, 177-80, 186, 214, 218, 412, 413, 538

Taglioni, Marie, 251

Tatlin, Vladimir, 270, 271, 279-81, 284, 286, 288, 315, 367, 369-70, 412, 494

Tavener, John, 488

Tchaikovsky, Modeste, 119

Tchaikovsky, Peter: and Akhmatova, 511; and Alexander III, 96; on Alexander II’s murder, 93-94; and Balanchine, 70, 99-100, 114, 118, 295, 306, 329, 330, 515; Benois on, 59; Communist view of, 319, 372; death of, 128; and Diaghilev, 123, 124, 318-19; and Dostoyevsky, 116-17, 126; and Glinka, 91, 343; and Mighty Five, 97-98, 126; in Mravinsky’s repertoire, 483; Nikisch as interpreter of, 147; on Petersburg, 137-38; at Petersburg Conservatory, 74, 111, 343; reputation and popularity of, 97, 355, 356, 489; and Shostakovich, 353, 356, 408-09; and Stravinsky, 100, 318-19, 325, 356—works: 1812 Overture, 72, 113; Eugene Onegin, 54; Mozartiana suite, 118, 260; Nutcracker, 137, 204, 256, 258, 294, 297, 330; The Queen of Spades, xv, 54, 118-21, 124-25, 132, 217, 294, 409, 462, 472; sacred works for chorus, 113-14; Serenade for Strings, 260, 295, 325; Slavonic March, 72, 113; Sleeping Beauty, 122-25, 255, 256, 258, 260, 297, 318-19, 472; Swan Lake, 256, 258-60; symphonies, 112-18, 121, 214, 306, 325, 472, 483, 511; Variations on a Rococo Theme, 118; Violin Concerto, 361; waltzes, 69

Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No. 2 (ballet), 329

Tcherepnin, Nikolai, 343

Teatr, 300, 357

Teatralnaya (Theater) Street, 42, 247, 255

Telyakovsky, Vladimir, 192-93, 199, 256, 263

Temirkanov, Yuri, 546

Tenisheva, Princess Maria, 131

Terentyev, Igor, 399, 412

Tertz, Abram, xiii

Theater of Worker Youth (TRAM), 399-401, 490

Theuriet, André, 166, 167

Thomson, Virgil, 435

Thoreau, Henry David, 530

Timenchik, Roman, 175, 185

Tishchenko, Boris, 485, 487, 488

Toller, Ernst, 311-12

Tolstikov, Vassily, 511-12, 515

Tolstoy, Alexei, 171, 433

Tolstoy, Count Dmitri, 206

Tolstoy, Leo, 76, 94, 126, 127, 153, 155, 161, 162, 166, 176, 284, 453

Tomashevsky, Boris, 371, 453

Toporov, Vladimir, xiv

Toscanini, Arturo, 355, 363, 435

Tovstonogov, Georgy, 499-501

The Tower, 177-80, 190, 217, 405

TRAM. See Theater of Worker Youth (TRAM)

Trauberg, Leonid, 301-03, 454-56, 458-61, 463

Trediakovsky, Vassily, 16 Trepov, Fyodor, 91

Trepov, Fyodor, 91

Triumphal Gate, 133

Troitsky Theater, 273, 276, 277

Trotsky, Leon, 145, 203, 338, 372-73

Trubetskoy, Paolo, 215-16

Tsekhanovsky, Mikhail, 495

Tsoy, Viktor, 535

Tsvetayeva, Marina, 164, 167, 171, 173-74, 229-30, 239-40, 320

Tulipanov, Igor, 513

Turgenev, Ivan, 42, 47, 94, 96, 97, 126, 176, 227

Tynyanov, Yuri, 180, 288, 344, 371, 380, 386-89, 424, 453, 455-56, 498, 522

Tyrsa, Nikolai, 495

Tyshler, Alexander, 184

Tyutchev, Fyodor, 41, 43

Ufliand, Vladimir, 522

Ulanova, Galina, 311, 502, 503, 506

Union of Soviet Writers, 411, 465, 469, 510

Union of Youth, 271-72, 275-77, 282, 288, 394

Ustvolskaya, Galina, 485, 531

Utesov, Leonid, 310

Vaganova, Agrippina, 503

Vaginov, Konstantin, 404-07, 417, 441, 526, 539

Vainonen, Vassily, 501

Van Gogh, Vincent, 50, 188, 452

Vasilyev, Georgy, 458, 459

Vasilyev, Sergei, 458, 459

Vasmi, Rikhard, 529

Vasnetsov, Yuri, 495

Verbitskaya, Anastasia, 165, 175

Vereshchagin, Vassily, 94, 103-105, 106, 109

Vertinsky, Alexander, 181

Vertov, Dziga, 459

Verzhbilovich, Alexander, 361

Vestris, 506-07

Vielgorsky, Count Matvei, 71-72

Vielgorsky, Count Mikhail, 71-72

Vigdorova, Frida, 476

Vinogradov, Oleg, 539

Vishnevsky, Vsevolod, 426-27, 445-46

Vītols, Jāzeps, 343

Volkonskaya, Princess Zinaida, 164

Volodin, Alexander, 499-500, 526

Volokhova, Natalya, 180-81

Voloshin, Maximilian, 170, 171-72, 174

Volynsky, Akim, 192-93, 292, 297-98, 300-01, 308, 309, 315, 381

Vovstonogov, Georgy, 499-501

Voznesenskaya, Yulia, 531

Voznesensky Prospect, 44

Vsevolodsky-Gerngross, Vsevolod, 309-10, 316

Vsevolvozhsky, Ivan, 257

Vulfius, Pavel, 393

Vvedensky, Alexander, 397, 493, 539

Vyazemsky, Prince Peter, xii, 26

Wagner, Richard, 65, 72, 115, 132, 147, 318, 346, 368, 434

Walter, Bruno, 355

Wanderers, 78, 82-83, 89, 90, 94, 95, 132, 358, 492

Wieniawsky, Henryk, 360, 361

Winter Palace, 15, 29-30, 42, 73, 89, 92, 93, 145, 195, 204, 205, 213, 284

Wolzogen, Ernst von, 190

World War I, 195-200, 206-09, 247, 289, 310, 315, 377, 421

World War II, xvi, 105, 110-11, 396-97, 425-29, 432-42, 445-49, 469, 479, 489-90, 526

Yakobson, Leonid, 148-49, 501, 506-07

Yakovlev, Alexander, 317, 492

Yakubinsky, Lev, 288

Yaroshenko, Nikolai, 94

Yeltsin, Boris, 545

Yeltsin, Sergei, 489

Yermilov, Vladimir, 387

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, 483

Young Ballet, 307-12, 314, 390

Yudina, Maria, 306, 364-69, 370, 371, 401, 485, 531

Yuriev, Yuri, 200-04, 287

Yursky, Sergei, 500

Yutkevich, Sergei, 302, 454, 457

Zabolotsky, Nikolai, xxi, 393, 396-98, 401, 416, 417, 489

Zadkine, Osip, 183

Zagoskin, Mikhail, 249-50

Zakharov, Rostislav, 501, 502

Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 31, 217, 374-76, 381, 390, 393, 408, 459, 536

Zasulich, Vera, 91

Zhdanov, Andrei, 35, 81n, 416, 426-27, 440, 449-51, 463, 479, 490, 537-38

Zhdanovshchina, 81n, 449-54, 463, 538

Zheverzheyev, Levky, 269-73, 275-78, 281-86, 288, 291, 307, 311, 315

Zheverzheyeva, Tamara, 269, 285, 286

Zhirmunsky, Viktor, 221, 453

Zhitinsky, Alexander, 531-32

Zhitkov, Boris, 493

Zhukovsky, Vassily, 26

Zimbalist, Efrem, 74, 361

Zinoviev, Grigory, 229, 234-37, 338, 381, 413, 414, 415, 537

Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 290, 376-80, 382-83, 388, 391, 392, 398, 401, 406-07, 429, 449-51, 465, 469, 470, 524, 526, 537, 538, 539

Zubov, Aleksei, 16

Zubov, Count Valentin, 370

Zubov House, 371

Zurmüllen, Sofia, 305

Zweig, Stefan, 293