Stalingrad

Index

Page numbers in italics refer to the maps.

Abakumov, Viktor, 80, 389n

Abganerovo, 243, 264

Abramov, Κ. K., 90

Adam, Colonel Wilhelm, 119, 376, 379, 383, 387, 397, 429, 431

Akhmatova, Anna, 125

Aleksandrov, G. F., 234

Angern, General, 366

Antonescu, Marshal Ion, 20, 87, 229, 250, 272

Arnim, General Jürgen Sixt von, 397, 423

Astrakhan, 2, 81, 100, 226

Austrian troops, 65, 181, 185, 234, 244, 279, 319, 356, 358–9,397. 413

Babi–Yar (massacre of Jews), 15, 56

Badanov, General Vasily, 300–301, 313

Barrikady weapons factory, 161, 187f, 192, 198, 205ff, 216

Barvenkovo, 64ff

Batyuk, Colonel Nikolay, 142–3, 203, 216

Beck, Dr Alois, 18, 309

Beck, General Ludwig, 16, 146, 184, 369

Behr, Captain Winrich, 227, 240, 271,342–7, 359, 383

Bekabad prison camp, 415f

Beketovka, 98, 110, 147, 243, 248, 250, 407;

prison compounds, 371, 406, 411, 412–14, 415

Below, Major Nicolaus von, 124, 344

Berezhkov, Valentin, 3, 4, 6–8,418

Beria, Lavrenty, 4, 18, 35, 36–7, 44, 86, 132, 225, 234, 385–7, 404, 422f, 436

Berghof, Berchtesgaden, 266, 270

Bezyminsky, Captain Lev, 387f, 396

Bock, Field Marshal Fedor von, 20, 29, 33, 35, 39f, 42, 62, 65, 69, 74, 78

Bormann, Martin, 16, 335

Bielenberg, Christabel, 402

Bismarck, Lieutenant Gottfried von, 341–2, 380, 429f

Bismarck, Prince Otto von, (Chancellor), 5

Bismarck, Prince Otto von, (diplomat), 400

Blobel, Standartenführer SS Paul, 55–6

Brauchitsch, Field Marshal Walther von, 14, 20, 47

Bredel, Willi, 307, 327, 329–30

Brest-Litovsk, 21, 26

Budenny, Marshal Semyon, 29, 34

Butkov, General V. V., 246

Chir, river, 64, 90, 242

Chuikov, General Vasily, 89–90, 127–9, 130–32, 141, 144, 149, 151–2, 162, 166, 188, 192, 196, 206f, 214, 302–3, 377, 422, 431

Churchill, Winston, 5, 29, 402, 418

Commissar Order, 14, 16, 54f

Commissars in Red Army, 24, 89, 93, 115, 136–7, 153, 167, 168–70, 172, 193, 201–2, 289

Cossacks, 88, 102, 178, 184–5, 274

Croatian 369th Inf. Regt, 183, 281,413

Daniels, General Edler von, 258, 283, 311–12, 317, 319, 336, 350, 353, 378, 423

Deboi, General, 319, 397

Dekanozov, Vladimir, 4, 5, 6–8,418

Demyansk, 43, 63

Dibold, Dr Hans, 333, 409, 413, 420, 429

Dietrich, General Sepp, 52

Dohna-Schlobitten, Prince A. zu, 17f, 261, 264, 342, 367

Don, river, 2, 51, 64, 74f, 78, 84, 89, 129, 226, 230, 247;

fighting in Don bend, 90–96;

first crossing, 102–3;

German retreat across, 258–62, 269

Drebber, General Moritz von, 376, 426

Dumitrescu, General Petre, 229

Dyatlenko, Major Nikolay, 180, 322–30, 360, 378f, 388–91, 396

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 86, 125, 404

Einsiedl, Count Heinrich von, 286

Eismann, Major, 299, 309

Feldgendarmerie, 55, 177, 179, 254, 259, 341,343, 358, 365, 367, 384, 428

Feldpost and Luftpost, 260, 348–9

Fiebig, General Martin, 267, 300f, 322, 333, 335, 360, 364

Freytag-Loringhoven, Captain Baron von, 66, 107, 124, 256, 365, 367

Frolovo, 64;

camp, 421

Gablenz, General Baron Eccard von, 234

Gebele, Major Bruno, 248f, 371f

Gehlen, Colonel Reinhard, 222, 228

German armies: First Panzer, 22, 29, 51, 64, 65, 69ff, 79, 293, 347

Second Panzer, 33

Fourth Panzer, 21,64, 72, 77, 79, 95–6, 100, 108, 113, 117f, 226, 248, 255, 336, 398

Second, 72

Sixth, 16, 22, 35, 55, 61, 64, 65, 70f, 76f;

advance to Stalingrad, 87, 102–8, 118, 129;

fighting in Stalingrad, 146–7, 151, 187, 191–2;

and Uranus, 220, 226, 228, 235, 239–240, 244, 247, 250, 252, 253–4, 268;

in Kessel, 269, 270–71, 275, 280, 282, 293, 297, 299, 302, 317;

and Christmas, 311–15;

ignorance of German public, 335–6;

rumours, 336–7, 352;

final battle, 354–7, 364, 372;

‘Noah’s Ark’, 366–7;

surrender, 383f, 393;

and German propaganda, 398–401

Eleventh, 17, 55, 61, 70, 81

Seventeenth, 70, 79, 293, 347

German divisions: Grossdeutschland, 81, 352

1st Pz., 36

3rd Pz., 53, 75

6th Pz., 296, 298f, 301–2

9th Pz., 58

10th Pz., 36

14th Pz., 70, 114, 130, 163, 181, 189, 191, 193f, 218, 231, 246, 251,261,357, 376

16th Pz., 17, 66, 89, 94, 96, 102–4, 106–8, 124, 163, 167, 190, 245, 247, 254, 258, 262, 278, 283, 313,315, 359

17th Pz., 297f, 300

18th Pz., 40

22nd Pz., 60, 79, 186, 231, 240, 245, 252

23rd Pz., 71, 296

24th Pz, 13, 96, 114, 130, 138, 149, 161, 163, 181, 218, 245, 247, 377

3rd Mot. Inf., 354f, 359

29th Mot. Inf., 87, 114, 125, 135, 232, 306, 354, 359

60th Mot. Inf., 16, 18, 162f, 189–90, 209, 271, 313,315, 359, 375

44th Inf., 65, 90, 244, 262, 279, 282, 314, 319, 333, 354, 358

71st Inf., 129ff, 184, 216, 377f

76th Inf., 97, 113, 128f, 131, 184, 192, 259, 341, 370

79th Inf., 167, 211, 216

94th Inf., 130, 140, 163, 189, 192, 211, 271

96th Inf., 60

100thJäger Div., 161 ff 188, 216, 359, 366

113th Inf., 208, 291, 305

295th Inf., 53, 129, 131, 137, 163, 175, 216, 360

297th Inf., 18, 62, 65, 70, 208, 248, 283, 311, 353, 359, 366, 371,370, 385, 387 305th Inf., 13, 119, 183, 192,193,206,216,324, 361,385,412

371st Inf., 57, 96–7, 209, 248, 353, 365, 377

376th Inf., 208, 251, 258,

279f, 282ff, 350, 354, 359

384th Inf., 57, 88, 92, 100, 234, 282

389th Inf., 66, 97, 112, 130, 161ff, 164, 192, 195, 216, 271, 316

Girgensohn, Dr Hans, 304–6, 351

Goebbels, Joseph, 5, 146, 180, 197–8, 313, 369, 372, 378, 380, 398ff, 401ff

Goering, Hermann, 16, 270, 273, 275, 280, 292, 335, 360, 369, 378, 380, 401–2, 403

Golikov, General F. I., 72, 189

Golubinsky, 146, 239, 242, 253f, 267

Gordov, General V. N., 99

Gorishny, Colonel V. A., 196

Gromky, 242, 244

Groscurth, Colonel Helmuth, 16, 55–6, 87, 145–6, 184, 187, 209, 212, 269, 273, 290, 369, 380, 393, 421

Grossman, Vasily, 107, 137, 148, 152, 159, 174, 204–5, 214, 263, 286, 316, 361, 383, 394

Grozny, 2, 69–70

Guderian, General Heinz, 21, 24, 26, 29, 32f, 39, 403

Gumrak, 126, 106, 254, 267, 269, 304, 315,346, 350, 36of, 363, 364, 370–71, 374f

Gurov, Kuzma, 128

Gurtiev, Colonel L. N., 187–8

Halder, General Franz, 16, 20, 26, 29,31,53, 62f, 65, 78, 80, 123, 129, 145–6, 223

Hartmann, General Alexander von, 377, 381

Hassell, Ulrich von, 16

Heim, General Ferdinand, 62, 231, 244f, 266, 272

Heitz, General Walther, 65, 147, 382, 398

Hess, Rudolf, 3, 5

Himmler, Heinrich, 55, 273, 425

Hindenburg, President von, 274

Hitler, Adolf, 4, 7f, 14, 18;

and Barbarossa, 20;

and Red Army, 23–4; 32, 39, 42ff, 47, 51f;

and generals, 58, 67–8, 71–2, 74, 78, 145, 228–9, 266, 290, 316, 320, 342;

and Operation Blue, 77–8, 80–81, 95–6;

and Caucasus, 123–4;

and Stalingrad, 164–5, 187, 191, 218, 251–2;

orders for winter, 209;

Bürgerbraukeller speech, 213–14;

and Uranus, 223, 231, 247, 253f, 266;

and encirclement, 269–73, 297–8, 309–10, 316, 318, 333, 347;

and Behr, 342–7;

and final resistance, 359–60, 372–3, 379f;

and surrender, 391–2;

after surrender, 401, 403–4

‘Hiwi’ auxiliaries, 180, 184–6, 208, 210, 247, 274, 281n, 282, 319, 351, 353, 355, 365, 384–5

Hooven, Colonel G. van, 424, 426

Hoth, General Hermann, 16,21,33, 39, 69, 72, 95, 100, 113f, 130, 226;

and Uranus, 232, 249f, 267;

and Winter Storm, 296, 299, 301,337

Hube, General Hans, 94f, 102–3, 11O, 112f, 114–15, 147, 261, 269, 315–16, 342, 366, 368, 374, 377, 379

Hungarian Second Army, 20,51,72, 77,81–3, 181–2, 322

Ilimen camp, 421, 429

Italian Eighth Army, 81, 182–3, 293, 300

Jaenecke, General, 147, 195, 364

Jeschonnek, General Hans, 270, 280, 292, 335, 39

Jews, actions against, 14–17, 54, 55–6, 79

Jodl, General Alfred, 123, 145, 270, 391

Jurisdiction Order, 14, 16, 54, 57–8, 60

Kageneck, August Count von, 58–9

Kageneck, Clemens Count von, 75

Kalach, 96, 115, 226, 253, 254–6, 269, 295, 325, 352

Kalinin, 36, 41

Kamyshin, 134, 226

Karpovka, 319, 321,346, 355ff

Kazakov, Major-General Vasily, 387

Keitel, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 14, 145, 270, 344, 391

Kesselring, Field Marshal Albert, 34

Kharkov, 2, 57, 61f, 63–5, 70, 73, 75, 296, 341, 345

Khrushchev, Nikita, 29, 66, 99, 108–9, 125–6, 138, 162, 167, 196, 230, 430

Kiev, 6, 15;

encirclement battle of, 29

Kirchner, General Friedrich, 296

Kirponos, General Mikhail, 22

Klamroth, Lieutenant-Colonel Bernhard, 345–6

Kleist, General Ewald von, 22, 51, 65, 69, 425

Kletskaya, 225, 226, 230, 239, 241,242, 244, 246

Kluge, Field Marshal Hans Günter von, 39, 41, 273–4, 298, 424

Komsomol (Communist Youth), 10, 98, 109, 167, 212

Korfes, General Otto, 137, 382, 423ff, 429

Kosygin, Aleksey, 37

Kotelnikovo, 64, 293, 296f

Kotluban, 106n, 323

Krasnaya Sloboda, 126, 127, 134

Krasnoarmeysk camp, 417

Krasnogorsk camp, 415, 422

Kravchenko, General, 244, 246, 251, 253

Krylov, General Nikolay, 128

Kunowski, Lieutenant-Colonel Werner von, 334

Kursk, 52, 72

Kuybyshev, 2, 36f

Kuznetsov, Admiral Nikolay, 9f, 133

Lascar, General Mihail, 253,

Lattmann, General Martin, 393, 423f, 429

League of German Officers, 422f, 426

Leeb, Field Marshal Ritter von, 20

Lend-Lease, 110, 124, 225

Leningrad, 6, 20, 28, 32–3, 37, 42, 63, 100

Lenski, General Arno von, 393, 429

Leyser, General, 250–51

List, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 78, 123, 145

Luchinsky, 102, 243, 262

Luftwaffe: and National Socialism, 18f, 41, 267;

and Stalingrad air-bridge, 270, 275, 280–81, 291–2, 300–301, 333–5, 344;

evacuation of wounded, 340–41; air-drops, 374;

losses, 398

Formations: Second Air Fleet, 34

Fourth Air Fleet, 103–5, 192

VIII Air Corps, 69, 115 –16, 138–9, 216, 230, 267, 322, 333–4, 374

9th Flak Division, 18, 254, 268, 280, 341, 364, 370

Lunovo camp, 415, 423 Lvov, 22–3

Lyudnikov, Colonel I. I., 196, 216

Mäder, Lieutenant-Colonel, 353, 355, 359, 365f

Maikop, 2, 69–70

Malinin, General M. S., 323, 388

Malinovsky, General Rodion, 106, 298, 309

Malenkov, Georgy, 9, 37, 133, 234

Manstein, Field Marshal E. von, 16–17, 22, 55, 61, 70, 75, 81, 254, 266, 268, 273–4, 296, 298f, 302,308–10, 315f, 341–2, 343, 347, 368, 403, 425, 430

Manuilsky, Dmitry, 197, 422, 425–6

Marinovka, 346, 354, 356

Melnikov, General, 422f, 425

Milch, Field Marshal Erhard, 345;

and ‘Special Staff’, 359, 368–9, 370, 383, 396, 398, 403

Millerovo, 78, 295

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 5, 9f, 37f, 234, 417

Morozovsk, 64, 78, 114, 179

Moscow, 5–6, 9, 72;

advance on, 32f, 34, 36;

state of siege, 38

Myshkova, river, 295, 299, 301, 309, 311, 314, 320

NKGB see NKVD (security police) NKVD, 19, 22, 28, 36–7, 157, 419;

propaganda and POW Department, 86, 180, 182, 279, 286, 307–8,319, 322, 350, 378, 400, 412–13;

Volga crossing and 71st Special Service Coy, 190–91

NKVD troops, 38, 79, 88, 106, 110, 167;

10th NKVD Rifle Div., 75, 109, 128, 131–3, 159–60, 174, 385

NKVD Special Detachments (later SMERSH) xiii, 79, 86, 168–9, 172–3, 199–200, 213

SMERSH, 26, 80, 186, 288

Frontier Troops, 18, 25, 41

National Committee for Free Germany, 422f, 425f

Niemeyer, Lieutenant-Colonel, 227, 366

Nizhne-Chirskaya, 177–8, 254, 263, 267–9, 293, 295

Novocherkassk, 274, 294, 301,316, 341

Operation Barbarossa, 3–6, 8ff, 12–14, 16, 18, 20, 33, 53f, 68, 75, 77

Operation Blue, 63, 64, 69–74, 77–8;

rewritten, 80, 124 Operation Fridericus, 65, 70–71

Operation Northern Light, 63

Operation Ring, 321f, 353–62

Operation Saturn, 292–3, 299;

‘Little Saturn’, 299, 310, 398

Operation Thunderclap, 296, 299, 309

Operation Torch, 214, 229f

Operation Typhoon, 33, 40

Operation Uranus, 130–31, 179;

planning and preparation, 220–23, 225–8, 230, 232–5;

execution, 236–63;

effect, 281, 292, 398

Operation Winter Storm, 296–300, 309

opolchentsy (militia), 28, 35

Order No. 227, 84–5, 97, 144

Order No. 270, 84, 169, 172

Orel, 34, 72

Organisation Todt, 255, 340

Oster, General Achim, 431

Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich, 17, 33, 35, 40, 51–54;

takes over Sixth Army, 61, 65, 67;

and Stalingrad, 103, 113, 119, 129f, 140, 145–6, 183, 191, 210, 216, 218;

and Uranus, 228, 245, 247, 251, 253;

and encirclement, 227, 267–9, 271–2, 275–7, 299, 302, 308–9, 314f, 317ff, 320, 324n, 342–3;

and last resistance, 360, 366, 370, 377, 380, 381–2;

and Schmidt’s influence, 379, 382f, 388n, 422;

after surrender, 387f, 389–91, 396f, 400, 403;

and fate of sons, 427;

imprisonment, 422, 427f, 431

Paulus, Elena, 53, 314, 427f

Pavlov, General D. G., 21, 25

Pavlov, Sergeant Jakob, 198

Perelazovsky, 232, 242, 252, 267

Peskovatka, 247, 258–9

Pickert, General Wolfgang, 267–8

Pieck, Wilhelm, 407

Pitomnik airfield, 281, 304, 334f, 338, 340, 343, 346, 357ff, 360, 361–2, 363f

Pfeffer, General, 62, 65, 381,382, 426

Plievier, Theodor, 377

Political department see Commissars Poltava, 2, 52f, 69, 74

Rastenburg, Wolfsschanze HQ, 44, 63, 79, 129, 267, 270, 272, 297, 316, 343–7, 391,393

Rattenhuber, Hans, 80

Raus, General Erhard, 296f, 301–2

Red Army: Armies: 1st Guards, 118;

2nd Guards, 293, 298f, 309;

3rd Guards, 300f;

1st Shock, 41–2;

2nd Shock, 44;

5th Tank Army, 227f, 230, 241, 245, 252, 296;

4th Army, 19;

6th Army, 67, 300;

16th Army, 41;

21st Army, 203, 252, 325, 355, 357, 359, 377;

24th Army, 118, 243, 323;

28th Army, 147;

51st Army, 85, 147f, 169, 172, 211, 223, 243, 248, 298;

57th Army, 67, 147f, 211f, 223, 243, 248, 278, 298, 310, 321, 359;

62nd Army, 90f, 96, 114, 118, 125–6, 128–9, 136, 144, 147, 154, 157, 190, 192, 196, 201, 212, 216, 243, 247, 264, 302–3, 359, 377, 394, 431;

64th Army, 90f, 114f, 118, 125, 147, 169, 186, 197, 202f, 211,223, 248f, 355, 359;

65th Army, 251, 257,353,355,357,359, 370;

66th Army, 243, 355

Corps: 3rd Guards Cavalry, 241, 251, 253f;

4th Cavalry, 227, 232, 248, 297;

8th Cavalry, 241, 252;

1st Tank, 246, 252;

4th Tank, 227, 241, 244, 246, 251, 253, 256;

13th Tank, 298, 356;

16th Tank, 259;

24th Tank, 300–301;

26th Tank, 246, 252, 255f;

4th Mechanized, 227, 248, 250, 254, 256, 298;

13th Mechanized, 227, 248, 250

Divisions: 13th Guards Rifle, 131–2, 133–5, 138, 140–41, 150, 163, 171, 198, 204, 215, 377;

15th Guards Rifle, 168;

33rd Guards Rifle, 91–2;

35th Guards Rifle, 138f;

36th Guards Rifle, 356;

37th Guards Rifle, 177, 191, 193f, 195–6;

38th Guards Rifle, 186;

39th Guards Rifle, 163, 189;

1st Rifle, 113;

38th Rifle, 170–71;

45th Rifle, 168–9, 212–13,

64th Rifle, 116;

93rd Rifle, 232;

95th Rifle, 138, 161f, 196, 205, 216;

96th Rifle, 325;

112th Rifle, 136, 190, 193, 195, 196–7;

138th Rifle, 196, 216;

157th Rifle, 249;

173rd Rifle, 233, 320;

181st Rifle, 96;

193rd Rifle, 164, 189;

196th Rifle, 170f;

204th Rifle, 169, 172;

214th Rifle, 115, 157;

221st Rifle, 222;

245th Rifle, 201;

248th Rifle, 213;

284th Rifle, 142–3, 150, 154, 170, 203;

302nd Rifle, 169;

308th Rifle, 187–8;

347th Rifle, 215;

422nd Rifle, 356;

81st Cavalry, 232, 297

Red Army Aviation, 92–3, 110;

8th Air Army, 133, 138, 162, 195

Red October metalworks, 161, 163, 187, 189, 198, 204, 211f, 217, 303, 377

Reichel, Major Joachim, 71–2, 73

Reichenau, Field Marshal Walter von, 16, 22, 35, 47, 52, 53–4;

Reichenau order, 16, 53, 55, 56–57

Renoldi, General Dr Otto, 304, 315, 377

Reuber, Dr Kurt, 256, 283f, 312, 348, 421

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 4, 6–8, 214

Richthofen, General Baron W. von, 69, 96, 103–5, 113, 119, 216, 230, 233, 244, 246–7, 270, 292, 334, 360

Rodenburg, General Carl, 423, 426, 430

Rodimtsev, General A. I., 106, 131–2, 134–5, 138, 141, 163

Rodin, General A. G., 246, 252, 255

Rogatin, General, 132–3, 190f, 303

Rokossovsky, Marshal Κ. K., 23, 39, 106, 225, 298, 320–2, 324, 353, 365, 388, 396

Romanenko, General P. L., 241, 245, 296

Romanian armed forces, 20, 83, 87, 183–4;

in Kessel, 319, 355, 365, 377, 386

Third Army, 81, 184, 225, 226, 229, 230, 233–4, 239, 247, 252f

Fourth Army, 81, 147, 232, 248–9, 250

Divisions: 1st Panzer, 231,245, 252;

1st Cavalry, 239, 244;

6th Cavalry, 250;

1st Inf., 183, 211;

2nd Inf., 211;

5th Inf., 183;

13th Inf., 241, 244;

20th Inf., 211, 248

Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 53, 81

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 402, 419

Roske, General, 377–8

Rostov-on-Don, 2, 51, 75, 77, 79, 84, 125, 293

Rundstedt, Field Marshal Gerd von, 20, 29, 31, 51–2, 53, 81, 369, 425

Rynok, 107, 114, 116, 147, 167, 212, 247,346

Salsk airfield, 295, 334f

Sanne, General, 382

Saratov, 2, 226

Sarayev, Colonel A. A., 109, 132–3

Sarpa, lake, 113, 147, 243, 248

Schlömer, General, 377, 396f, 405, 426

Schmidt, General Arthur, 62, 228f, 239f, 251, 253;

and encirclement, 267–9, 271, 299, 320, 324n;

and surrender, 377, 379, 382f, 387f;

after surrender, 397, 422, 430f

Schmundt, General Rudolf, 267, 272, 345, 366, 425

Schulenberg, Count F. W. von der, 5, 9

Secret Field Police, 14, 60, 177, 263, 384, 428

Selle, Colonel Herbert, 276

Serafimovich, 226

Sevastopol, 2, 9, 61, 70, 75, 133, 253

Seydlitz-Kurzbach, General Walther von, 44, 63–4, 95, 102, 113, 117, 130, 145, 216, 218, 247, 269, 271–2,316,381,396, 398, 423ff, 426, 429ff

Shakhty, 88, 335

Shcherbakov, Aleksandr, xiii–xiv, 37f, 114, 143, 159, 186, 202, 204, 216, 425f

Shumilov, General Mikhail, 106, 383, 389, 398

Simonov, Konstantin, 91, 125–6, 156, 158n, 167, 176

SMERSH see NKVD Smyslov, Major Aleksandr, 322–30, 379

Smolensk, 28, 33, 47, 273

‘Sniperism’, 203–5, 285–6

Sodenstern, General Georg von, 244, 267

Sorge, Richard, 37

Soviet citizens in German uniform see ‘Hiwis’ Spartakovka, 109,126, 190, 211, 271

Speer, Albert, 335f, 359

SS SD-Einsatzkommandos, Sonderkommando 4a, 15, 55–6, 177–8

Waffen SS divisions: Leibstandarte, 52, 81, 352;

Das Reich, 36f;

Wiking, 79

Stahlberg, Lieutenant Alexander, 14–15, 273f, 341, 368

Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich, 4ff, 8f, 21, 27, 29, 45, 66, 72;

purge of Red Army, 23;

and Stavka, 24;

and son Yakov, 26;

and Moscow, 38–9, 42;

and generals, 88–9, 99, 221–2, 233, 250n, 301, 321–2, 405;

and defence of Stalingrad, 109, 117–18, 130, 137–8, 173, 191. 197;

and Uranus, 130–31, 220–22, 233–4, 240;

and Saturn, 292–3, 298, 301;

and crushing of Kessel, 320f, 385;

after surrender, 397, 404;

and Tehran conference, 418–19

Stalin, Major Vasily, 133

Stalingrad tractor factory, 10, 98, 109, 161, 189, 191f, 195f, 206, 392

Stamenov, Ivan, 9

Stauffenberg, Colonel Claus Count von, 67–8, 275n

Stavka (Soviet Supreme General Staff), 24f, 34f, 42, 63, 74, 79, 84, 220–21, 292, 320, 328, 389

Stempel, General, 377, 381

Stock, Lieutenant Gerhard, 229, 239

Strachwitz, Lieutenant-Colonel Hyazinth Count von, 66f, 107, 109, 124

Strecker, General Karl, 58, 76, 87, 113, 146f, 149, 195, 229, 244, 246, 251, 254, 269,290, 308,313, 318–19, 339, 357,366, 392–3, 423, 426, 428, 430

Stülpnagel, General Otto von, 369

Surkov, Alexey, 125, 289

Suzdal camp, 415, 422

Taganrog, 2, 294, 343, 360

Tanashchinshin, Colonel, 250

Tatsinskaya airfield, 295, 300,313, 334

Tehran conference, 418–19

Telegin, General Konstantin F., 388, 389n

Thomas, General, 424

Thunert, Colonel, 261

Timoshenko, Marshal Semyon, 42, 51f, 59, 61, 63, 65–6, 67, 74f, 99

Tresckow, Colonel Henning von, 14–15, 273, 275n

Tukhachevsky, Marshal M., 23

Tula, 2, 36, 90

Ukrainians in German uniform, 179, 185–6, 263

Ulbricht, Walter, 307, 322, 407, 410, 426

Uman, 29, 31

Univermag, 140, 377, 383 Ural mountains, 9, 224

United States Embassy, Moscow, 137

Vasilevsky, Marshal Aleksandr, 84–5, 99, 117–18, 131, 220–23, 233f, 250n, 293, 298

Vatutin, General Nikolay, 182, 225

Vertyachy, 102, 243, 247, 257f

Vinnitsa, Werwolf HQ, 79–80, 123, 129, 220

Vinogradov, General I. V., 281, 321, 322–3, 324–5,330

Vishnevsky, Colonel Timofey, 155

Vitebsk, 26, 266

Vlasov, General Andrey, 44

Voikovo camp, 422f

Volchansk, 64, 65, 70

Volga, river, 2, 11f, 36, 70, 75, 81, 97f, 100–101, 106f, 110–11, 126, 127f, 152, 159–60;

crossing of 13th Guards Div, 133–5;

central landing stage, 141;

civilian evacuation across, 174–5;

crossing and NKVD control, 190–91;

Hitler’s boasts, 213;

Volga becomes unnavigable, 214, 217;

frozen solid, 302–3

Volga flotilla, 134, 160, 162, 212, 214, 394

Volsky, General Vasily Timofeyevich, 250, 255, 437

Vorkhuta camps, 428 Voronezh, 2, 70, 74–5, 78, 129, 293

Voronov, Marshal Nikolay, 106, 233, 320ff, 323f, 349, 353, 360, 382, 388–91,396

Voroponovo, 178, 315, 346, 350–51

Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment, 23, 234, 418

Warlimont, General Walther, 123–4

Weichs, General Baron Maximilien von, 129, 247, 274, 425

Weinert, Erich, 307f 324, 350, 356, 362, 371, 407, 410, 426

Weizsacker, Baron Ernst von, 3

Werth, Alexander, 393, 397

White Rose group, 403

Wietersheim, General Gustav von, 102, 112f

Witzleben, Field Marshal Erwin von, 56, 426

women in Red Army, 66, 87, 91, 96, 106–8, 109f, 140–41, 154, 157–8, 160, 207, 224

Yakimovich, Colonel, 388, 396

Yelabuga camp, 415, 421

Yeremenko, General Andrei Ivanovich, 34, 99–100, 108, 112, 115, 125, 127, 130f, 138, 147, 189, 196, 230, 255, 298f, 321–2

Zaitsev, Vasily, 154, 203–4

Zavarykino (Don Front HQ), 320f, 387, 397f

Zeitzler, General Kurt 266, 270, 297,313, 320, 335, 357, 365, 391–2, 401

Zholudev, General V., 193f, 196

Zhukov, Marshal Georgy, 25, 35, 39, 42, 89, 117–18;

at Khalkin-Gol, 24;

and Order No. 227, 85