Tank Warfare on the Eastern Front, 1941-1942: Schwerpunkt

Notes

1

Hugh Trevor-Roper (ed.), Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945 (London: Birlinn Ltd, 2004), p. 94.

2

Excluding machine-gun-armed Pz.I light tanks, which were no longer assigned to Panzer-Abteilungen. I also will exclude similar Soviet light tanks or tankettes such as the T-37 and T-40. By 1941 standards, these were not tanks.

3

Heinz Guderian, Panzer Leader (New York: Ballantine Books, 1957), pp. 31–4.

4

The German Campaign in Russia – Planning and Operations (1940–1942), Historical Study No. 20–261a (Washington, D: Department of the Army, March 1955), p. 42.

5

David Kahn, Hitler’s Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 1978), pp. 428–9 and 458–9.

6

Die wichtigsten Panzerkampfwagen der Union der Sozialistischen Sovietrepubliken (U.S.S.R), 1 June 1941, Panzerarmee 3, Ic Anlagen Band A, Teil I z. Tatigkeitsbericht Nr. 2, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 222.

7

Richard W. Harrison, Architect of Soviet Victory in World War II: The Life and Theories of G.S. Isserson (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Publishers, 2010), pp. 60–121.

8

Mikhail N. Tukhachevsky, ‘What is New in the Development of Red Army Tactics’, in The Soviet Art of War, Harriet F. Scott and William F. Scott (eds.), (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982), pp. 56–9.

9

Mary R. Habeck, Storm of Steel: The Development of Armour Doctrine in Germany and the Soviet Union, 1919–1939 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003).

10

Renamed GABTU in 1940.

11

Wolfgang Schneider, Panzer Tactics: German Small-Unit Armor Tactics in World War II (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), p. 293.

12

Arthur Wollschlaeger, ‘The Raid on Orel’, in Knights Cross Panzers (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010), p. 127.

13

Artem Drabkin & Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Ltd, 2006), pp. 61–2.

1

To be renamed panzer armies between October 1941 and January 1942.

2

Some German armoured formations were already referring to themselves as Panzerkorps in 1941, but the change from Armeekorps (mot.) was not standardized until June 1942.

3

Taktische Gliederung des Regiments [Tactical Organization of the Regiment], Panzer-Regiment 18, 18.Panzer-Division, Ia, Anlage z. KTB, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 708, Frame 258.

4

Panzergruppe 4, O.Qu., Anlagenband 3 z-KTB, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 336, Frame 8618121.

5

Ibid.

6

A cubic meter of fuel (cbm or m³), was equivalent to 5,000 liters and weighed 739kg.

7

Hugh Trevor-Roper (ed.), Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945 (London: Birlinn Ltd, 2004), p. 138.

8

Charles C. Sharp, The Deadly Beginning: Soviet Tank, Mechanized, Motorized Divisions and Tank Brigades of 1940–1942, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Volume 1 (George F. Nafziger, 1995), pp. 10–14.

9

Excluding tankettes and obsolete foreign-built tanks.

10

Mechanized Corps of the Red Army website, http://mechcorps.rkka.ru/files/mechcorps/pages/12_meh.htm.

11

The same Andrey Vlasov who was captured in July 1942 and turned traitor, collaborating with the Germans to form the anti-Communist Russian Liberation Army (ROA).

12

Artem Drabkin and Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books, Ltd, 2006), p. 34.

13

David Glantz, Stumbling Colossus (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1998), pp. 176–8.

14

Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, p. 166.

1

David Glantz, The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 (London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1993), pp. 103.

2

David Glantz, The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 (London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1993), pp. 83–5.

3

Werner Haupt, Die 8.Panzer-Division im 2.Weltkrieg (Eggolsheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 1987), pp. 137–40.

4

Harold S. Orenstein (ed.), ‘Combat Documents of the Soviet Northwestern Front, 21 June–1 July 1941’, The Journal of Soviet Military Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 1992, pp. 267–99.

5

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), pp. 14–34.

6

Werner Haupt, Die 8.Panzer-Division im 2.Weltkrieg (Eggolsheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 1987), p. 153.

7

Generalmajor Horst Ohrloff, ‘XXXIX Motorized Corps Operations’ in David M. Glantz (ed.), The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 (Portland, OR: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1997), pp. 167–83.

8

la, Kriegstagebuch 1 and 2, May 25–13 July 1941, XXIV Armeekorps (mot.), NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 715.

9

Korpsbefehl Nr. 1 für den Angriff, XXXXVII Armeekorps (mot.), NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 1097, frame 299.

10

Veterans of the 3rd Panzer Division, Armored Bear: The German 3rd Panzer Division in World War II, Volume I (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2012), pp. 147–9.

11

la, Kriegstagebuch Nr. 7. Jun 20–Jul 24, 1941, 8. Jäger-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 458.

12

Bericht über Leistungen und Erfolge der II./Flakregiment 4 bei der 256. Division im der Zeit vom 22–27.6.41, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 653, frames 221–31.

13

256. Infanterie-Division KTB, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 1796.

14

Horst Slesina, Soldaten gegen Tod und Teufel (Giddings, TX: Preuss Publishing, 2003), pp. 28–9.

15

Ia, Kriegstagebuch Nr. 7. June 20–July 24, 1941, 8. Jäger-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 458.

16

Klaus Gerbet (ed.), Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock: The War Diary 1939–1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 228.

17

David Stahel, Operation Barbarossa and Germany’ Defeat in the East (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp. 170–86.

18

Karlheinz Münch, The Combat History of German Heavy Anti-tank Unit 653 in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), p. 12.

19

Ia KTB, 11. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 2320.

20

Gustav Schrodek, Ihr Glaube galt dem Vaterland: Geschichte des Panzer-Regiments 15 (Munich: Schild-Verlag, 1976), pp. 124–9.

21

Gustav W. Schrodek, Die 11. Panzer-Division: Gespenster-Division 1940–1945 (Eggolsheim: Dörfler Verlag GmbH, 2004), p. 132.

22

Brigadier General Edel Lingenthal, ‘11th Panzer Division Operations’ in David M. Glantz (ed.), The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 (Portland, OR: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1997), pp. 336.

23

Victor J. Kamenir, The Bloody Triangle: The Defeat of Soviet Armour in the Ukraine, June 1941 (Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press, 2008), pp. 142–4.

24

Brigadier General Edel Lingenthal, ‘11th Panzer Division Operations’ in David M. Glantz (ed.), The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 (Portland, OR: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1997), p. 336.

25

Generalleutnant Albert Praun et al., German Radio Intelligence (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1953).

26

Friedrich von Hake, Der Schicksalsweg der 13. Panzer-Division 1939–1945 [The Destiny of the 13th Panzer-Division] (Eggolsheim, Germany: Dorfler im Nebel Verlag, 2006), p. 54.

27

Lieutenant General H. J. von Hoffgarten, ‘11th Panzer Division Operations’ in David M. Glantz (ed.), The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 (Portland, OR: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1997), p. 327.

28

Richard N. Armstrong, Red Army Tank Commanders (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1994), p. 35.

29

Nikolai Popel, B., During Difficult Times (Moscow: Terra-Fantastica, 2001) p. 185.

30

Martin van Creveld, Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 157.

31

Paul Carell, Hitler Moves East (Winnipeg, Canada: J. J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 1991), p. 211.

32

Ia, Anlagenband B la/b z. KTB Nr. 5, June 18–Sep 17, 1941, Panzerarmee 4, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 331.

33

Werner Haupt, Die 8.Panzer-Division im 2.Weltkrieg (Eggolsheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 1987), pp. 158–60.

34

Erich von Manstein, Lost Victories (Novato, CA: Presidio, Press, 1982), pp. 194–7.

35

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), p. 64.

36

Aleksei Isaev, Inoy 1941: Ot granitsy do Leningrada [The Other 1941: From the Border to Leningrad] (Moscow: EKSMO, 2011), pp. 326–9.

37

Werner Haupt, Die 8.Panzer-Division im 2.Weltkrieg (Eggolsheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 1987), p. 168.

38

Robert A. Forczyk, Panzerjäger vs. KV-1: Eastern Front 1941–43 (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2012), pp. 58–9.

39

Tim Bean and Will Fowler, Russian Tanks of World War II (St. Paul, MN’ MBI Publishing Co., 2003), p. 119.

40

O.Qu., Kriegstagebuch, Panzerarmee 4, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 330, frame 8610992.

41

Hans Schaufler, ‘From the Bug to the Dnepr’, in Knights Cross Panzers (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010), pp. 72–3.

42

David M. Glantz, Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle for Smolensk 10 July–10 September 1941, Volume 1 (Solihull, UK: Helion & Co. Ltd, 2010), p. 79.

43

David M. Glant, Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle for Smolensk, 10 July–10 September 1941 (Solihull, UK: Helion & Co. Ltd, 2010), p. 65.

44

Paul Carell, Hitler Moves East (Winnipeg, Canada: J. J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 1991), p. 73.

45

‘Description of the fighting of the 5th and 7th Mechanized Corps in the counterattack at Senno and Lepel’] http://mechcorps.rkka.ru/files/mechcorps/pages/7_meh.htm.

46

Journal of the Fighting of the 14th Tank Division, http://mechcorps.rkka.ru/files/mechcorps/pages/7_meh.htm.

47

KTB, 7. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 406, frames 0039–0041.

48

Abteilung Ic Report from Panzergruppe 3, XXXIX Armeekorps (mot.), NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 926, frame 00558.

49

David M. Glant, Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle for Smolensk, 10 July–10 September 1941 (Solihull, UK: Helion & Co. Ltd, 2010), pp. 78–81.

50

Abteilung Ic Report from Panzergruppe 3, XXXIX Armeekorps (mot.), NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 926, frame 00558.

51

Paul Carell, Hitler Moves East (Winnipeg, Canada: J. J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 1991), pp. 75–6.

52

Ia Reporting, Panzerarmee 3, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 231, frame 6176.

53

Otto Carius, Tigers in the Mud (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1992), pp. 7–8.

54

O.Qu., Anlagenband 2 z. KTB, May 4, 1941 – 28 April 1942, Panzerarmee 4, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 335, Frame 8617204.

55

Bryan I. Fugate, Operation Barbarossa: Strategy and Tactics on the Eastern Front, 1941 (Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1984), pp. 125–8.

56

David Stahel, Operation Barbarossa and Germany’ Defeat in the East (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp. 260–360.

57

‘The report of the commander of the 10th Armored Division on the division’s fighting from 22 June to 1 August 1941 to the Deputy People’s Commissar of Defense on 2 August 1941’. http://mechcorps.rkka.ru/files/mechcorps/pages/otchet_10td.htm.

58

Ib KTB der Quartiermeister-Abteilung, June 1, 1941 – May 18, 1942, 7. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 423.

59

Ia Reporting, Panzerarmee 3, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 231, frame 6176.

60

Ia KTB, LVII Armeekorps (mot.), NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 1,474, frame 430.

61

David Glantz, The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 (London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1993), p. 282.

62

Friedrich von Hake, Der Schicksalsweg der 13. Panzer-Division 1939–1945 [The Destiny of the 13th Panzer-Division] (Eggolsheim, Germany: Dorfler im Nebel Verlag, 2006), pp. 58–9.

63

Cornel I. Scafes et al., Armata romana 1941–1945 (Bucharest: Editura RAI, 1996).

64

Hugh Trevor-Roper (ed.), Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945 (London: Birlinn Ltd, 2004), p. 139.

65

Generalleutnant Albert Praun et al., German Radio Intelligence (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1953).

66

Karlheinz Münch, The Combat History of German Heavy Anti-tank Unit 653 in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), p. 5.

67

Karlheinz Münch, The Combat History of German Heavy Anti-tank Unit 653 in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), pp. 6–7.

68

Klaus Gerbet (ed), Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock: The War Diary, 1939–1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 255.

69

David M. Glantz, Barbarossa Derailed: the Battle for Smolensk 10 July–10 September 1941, Volume I (Solihull, UK: Helion & Co. Ltd, 2010), p. 545.

70

David M. Glantz, ‘Forgotten Battles of the German-Soviet War 1941–1945’, Volume I (22 June–4 December 1941), (self-published, 1999), pp. 88.

71

Heinz Guderian, Panzer Leader (New York: Ballantine Books, 1957), p. 153.

72

Hugh Trevor-Roper (ed.), Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945 (London: Birlinn Ltd, 2004), pp. 145–6.

73

Kriegstagebuch Nr. 1, Part 2, Panzergruppe 2, August 21–October 31, 1941. NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 86.

74

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. 1 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 211.

75

Konrad Leppa, Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model: Von Genthin bis vor Moskaus Tore (Nurnberg: Prinz-Eugen Verlag, 1962), p. 142.

76

Ia, KTB 1, Part 2, Panzergruppe 2, August 21–October 31, 1941. NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 86.

77

Klaus Gerbet (ed.), Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock: The War Diary, 1939–1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 298.

78

Klaus Gerbet (ed.), Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock: The War Diary, 1939–1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 304.

79

David M. Glantz, Forgotten Battles of the German-Soviet War 1941–1945, Volume I (Self-published, 1999), pp. 91–8.

80

David M. Glantz, Forgotten Battles of the German-Soviet War 1941–1945, Volume I (Self-published, 1999), pp. 101–2.

81

Konrad Leppa, Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model: Von Genthin bis vor Moskaus Tore (Nurnberg: Prinz-Eugen Verlag, 1962), pp. 145–8.

82

David M. Glantz, Barbarossa: Hitler’s Invasion of Russia 1941 (Charleston, SC: Tempus Publishing Inc., 2001), p. 132.

83

Artem Drabkin & Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Ltd, 2006), p. 40.

84

Albert L. Weeks, Russia’s Life-Saver: Lend-Lease Aid to the U.S.S.R. in World War II (New York: Lexington Books, 2010), p. 9.

85

David Stahel, Operation Barbarossa and Germany’s Defeat in the East (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009).

86

Lukas Friedli, Repairing the Panzers: German Tank Maintenance in World War 2, Volume 2 (Monroe, NY: Panzerwrecks, 2011), p. 144.

87

Franz Halder, Kriegstagebuch: Tägliche Aufzeichnungen des Chefs des Generalstabes des Heeres 1939–1942, Band III, Der Russlandfeldzug bis zum Marsch auf Stalingrad, edited by Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Alfed Philippi (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1963), p. 242.

88

Lukas Friedli, Repairing the Panzers: German Tank Maintenance in World War 2, Volume 2 (Monroe, NY: Panzerwrecks, 2011), pp. 138–44.

89

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. 1 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 205.

90

DavidM. Glantz, Barbarossa: Hitler’s Invasion of Russia 1941 (Charleston, SC: Tempus Publishing Inc., 2001), p. 132.

91

Karlheinz Münch, The Combat History of German Heavy Anti-tank Unit 653 in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), p. 9.

92

Franz Halder, Kriegstagebuch: Tägliche Aufzeichnungen des Chefs des Generalstabes des Heeres 1939–1942, Band III, Der Russlandfeldzug bis zum Marsch auf Stalingrad, edited by Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Alfed Philippi (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1963), p. 237.

93

Horst Reibenstahl, The 1st Panzer Division: A Pictorial History (West Chester, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1990), p. 99.

94

Maksim Kolomiets, 1941 Tanki v bitve zu Moskvu [Tanks in the Battle of Moscow] (Moscow: IAUZA, 2009), pp. 26–9.

95

Kriegstagebuch Nr. 1, Part 2, Panzergruppe 2, August 21–October 31, 1941. NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 86.

69

Hans Schäufler (ed.), Knights Cross Panzers (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010), pp. 121–2.

97

David Garden and Kenneth Andrew (ed.), The War Diaries of a Panzer Soldier (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2010), p. 54.

98

Hans Schäufler (ed.), Knights Cross Panzers (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010), p. 124.

99

Leonid M. Sandalov, Na Moskovskom Napravlenii (Moscow: Nauka, 1970), p. 207.

100

Robert Forczyk, Moscow 1941: Hitler’s First Defeat (Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2006), p. 33.

101

Franz Kurowski, Panzer Aces III: German Tank Commanders in Combat in World War II (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010), p. 113.

102

la, Kriegstagebuch mit Gefechtskalender, Teil III, 18. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 706.

103

Hans Schäüfler (ed.), Knights Cross Panzers (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010), pp. 132–3.

104

Meldung der Sonderkommission des OKH, 27 June 1941, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 744, frame 729.

105

Heinz Guderian, Panzer Leader (New York: Ballantine Books, Inc., 1968), p. 179.

106

Heinz Guderian, Panzer Leader (New York: Ballantine Books, Inc., 1968), p. 180.

107

Richard N. Armstrong, Red Army Tank Commanders (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1994), p. 43.

108

Hans Schäufler (ed.), Knights Cross Panzers (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010), pp. 134–5.

109

Richard N. Armstrong, Red Army Tank Commanders (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1994), p. 44.

110

Hasso von Manteuffel, The 7th Panzer Division: An Illustrated History of Rommel’s, Ghost Division’ 1938–1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2000), p. 73.

111

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations: The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus, 1941–45 (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), p. 86.

112

Ia, Anlagen zum Kriegstagebueh Nr. 3, Part III, Sep 28, 1941–May 5, 1942, 7. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 407.

113

Fritz Morzik, German Air Force Airlift Operations (Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, 2002), pp. 76–7.

114

Gustav W. Schrodek, Die 11. Panzer-Division: Gespenster-Division 1940–1945 (Eggolsheim: Dörfler Verlag GmbH, 2004), p. 251.

115

Georgy K. Zhukov, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov (New York: Delacorte Press, 1971), p. 324.

116

Konstantin K. Rokossovsky, A Soldier’s Duty (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1985), pp. 51–3.

117

Georgy K. Zhukov, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov (New York: Delacorte Press, 1971), p. 321.

118

Maksim Kolomiets, 1941 Tanki v bitve zu Moskvu [Tanks in the Battle of Moscow] (Moscow: IAUZA, 2009), p. 36.

119

Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: the Court of the Red Tsar (New York: Vintage Books, 2005), pp. 394.

120

Maksim Kolomiets, 1941 Tanki v bitve zu Moskvu [Tanks in the Battle of Moscow] (Moscow: IAUZA, 2009), pp. 37–8.

121

Pavel A. Rotmistrov, Stal’naya gvardiya [Steel Guards], (Moscow: Voenizdàt, 1984), Chapter 3.

122

Jack Radey and Charles Sharp, The Defense of Moscow 1941: The Northern Flank (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 2012), pp. 90–1 and 190.

123

Jack Radey and Charles Sharp, The Defense of Moscow 1941: The Northern Flank (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 2012), p. 86.

124

la, Anlagenband IVb z. KTB, Verteidigung von Kalin, Oct 15–Kov 20, 1941, XXXXI Armeekorps, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 980.

125

la, Anlagenband IVb z. KTB, Verteidigung von Kalin, Oct 15–Kov 20, 1941, XXXXI Armeekorps, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 980.

126

Artem Drabkin & Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Ltd, 2006), p. 47.

127

la, Anlagenband A 1 z. KTB Nr. 6, 29 September–14 October 1941, Panzerarmee 4, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 340.

128

Veterans of the 3rd Panzer Division, Armored Bear: The German 3rd Panzer Division in World War II, Volume I (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2012), pp. 249–51.

129

Ibid., p. 249.

130

David Garden and Kenneth Andrew (ed.), The War Diaries of a Panzer Soldier (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2010), p. 56.

131

Veterans of the 3rd Panzer Division, Armored Bear: The German 3rd Panzer Division in World War II, Volume I (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2012), pp. 269–73.

132

David Garden and Kenneth Andrew (ed.), The War Diaries of a Panzer Soldier (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2010), p. 58.

133

Thomas L. Jentz, Germany’s Panther Tank: The Quest for Combat Supremacy (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1995), pp. 14–15.

134

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations: The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus, 1941–45 (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), p. 88.

135

Niklas Zetterling and Anders Frankson, The Drive on Moscow 1941 (Philadelphia: Casemate, 2012), p. 212.

136

Alexander Hill, ‘British Lend-Lease Tanks and the Battle of Moscow, November–December 1941 – Revisted’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Vol. 22, No. 4 (October–December 2009), pp. 575–6.

137

Artem Drabkin and Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Publishers, 2006), p. 24.

138

Georgy K. Zhukov, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov (London: Jonathan Cape Ltd, 1971), pp. 339–40.

139

Alexander Hill, ‘British Lend-Lease Tanks and the Battle of Moscow, November–December 1941 – Revisted’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Vol. 22, No. 4 (October–December 2009), pp. 575–6.

140

Werner Haupt, Die 8.Panzer-Division im 2.Weltkrieg (Eggolsheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 1987), p. 179.

141

Werner Haupt, Die 8.Panzer-Division im 2.Weltkrieg (Eggolsheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 1987), pp. 192–3.

142

Martin van Creveld, Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 165.

143

Grigory F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century (London: Greenhill Books, 1997), p. 261.

144

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. 1 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 211.

145

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations: The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus, 1941–45 (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), pp. 89–90.

146

Grigory F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century (London: Greenhill Books, 1997), p. 261.

147

Grigory F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century (London: Greenhill Books, 1997), p. 277.

1

Veterans of the 3rd Panzer Division, Armored Bear: The German 3rd Panzer Division in World War II, Volume I (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2012), p. 299.

2

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), p. 95.

3

Hasso von Manteuffel, The 7th Panzer Division: An Illustrated History of Rommel’s ‘Ghost Division’ 1938–1945 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2000), p. 101.

4

Werner Haupt, Die 8.Panzer-Division im 2.Weltkrieg (Eggolsheim: Podzun-Pallas Verlag, 1987), p. 205.

5

Gustav W. Schrodek, Die 11.Panzer-Division: Gespenster-Division 1940–1945 (Eggolsheim: Dörfler Verlag GmbH, 2004), p. 306.

6

O.Qu., Anlagenband 3 z. KTB. Versorgungslagenmeldungen, Apr 1–Oct 31, 1942, Panzerarmee 1, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 44.

7

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. 1 (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 252.

8

Grigory F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century (London: Greenhill Books, 1997), p. 252.

9

Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: the Court of the Red Tsar (New York: Vintage Books, 2005), p. 407.

10

Alexander Poliakov, White Mammoths: The Dramatic Story of Russian Tanks in Action (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1943), pp. 71–2.

11

Alexander Poliakov, White Mammoths: The Dramatic Story of Russian Tanks in Action (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1943), pp. 95–6.

12

Jason D. Mark, Besieged: the Epic Battle for Cholm (Pymble, Australia: Leaping Horseman Books, 2011), pp. 181 and 205–6.

13

Robert A. Forczyk, Demyansk 1942–43: The Frozen Fortress (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2012), pp. 71–3.

14

Grigory F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century (London: Greenhill Books, 1997), pp. 96–7.

15

Charles C. Sharp, School of Battle: Soviet Tank Corps and Tank Brigades, January 1942 to 1945, Volume II (Published by George F. Nafziger, 1995), p. 1.

16

Jason D. Mark, Besieged: the Epic Battle for Cholm (Pymble, Australia: Leaping Horseman Books, 2011), p. 73.

17

U.S. Army, Effects of Cold on Military Equipment, http://www.wainwright.army.mil.

18

Thomas L. Jentz, Germany’s Panther Tank: The Quest for Combat Supremacy (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1995), pp. 11–18.

19

Erich von Manstein, Lost Victories (Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1986), p. 228.

20

la, Kriegstagebuch 1 u. 2, Krim, 29 January–5 July 1942, 28. Jäger-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 834.

21

David M. Glantz, ‘Prelude to German Operation Blau: Military Operations on Germany’s Eastern Front, April–June 1942’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Volume 20, No. 2, (April–June 2007), pp. 181–4.

22

David M. Glantz, Kharkov 1942 (Chatham, UK: Ian Allen, 1998), p. 78.

23

Ia, KTB, 294. Infanterie-Division, 1 April–31 July 1942, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 1941.

24

Veit Scherzer, 113.Infanterie-Division: Kiew-Charkow-Stalingrad (Jena: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag, 2007), pp. 193–5.

25

Ia, Kriegstagebuch, January–December 1942, III Armeekorps (mot.), NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 194.

26

Qu., Anlagen z. KTB. Information and reports on the supply situation, and supply statistics on the campaign in the Izyum, Kharkov, and Kastornoye areas. Mar 22–Dec 31, 1942, VIII Armeekorps, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 385.

27

Gefechtsbericht der 62. Infanterie-Division über die kämpfe südl. Charkow in der Zeit vom 12.–25.5.42, Ia, 62. Infanterie-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 1034.

28

O.Qu., Anlagenband 3 z. KTB. Versorgungslagenmeldungen, Apr 1–Oct 31, 1942, Panzerarmee 1, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 44.

29

Gefechtsbericht der 3. Panzer-Division (Kampfgruppe Breith) uber die Abwehrschlacht nordostw. Charkow 12.5–22.5.42, 3. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 144.

30

Auszugsweiser Gefechtsbericht der 23. Panzer-Division für der einsatz während der schlacht um Charkow an der Nordfront vom 12.5–22.5.42 an der Südfront vom 23.5–29.5.42,23. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-315, Roll 791.

31

Ia, Kriegstagebuch, January – December 1942, III Armeekorps (mot.), NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-314, Roll 194.

32

la, Zahlenmeldungen, Teil 1. Losses of personnel and ammunition, April 3 – September 15, 1942, 11. Armee, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), T-312, Roll 420.

33

O.Qu., Anlagenband B z. KTB. Versorgungskarten, Panzerarmee 1, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), series T-313, Roll 26.

34

Marek Kruk and Radoslaw Szewczyk, 9. Panzer-Division 1940–1943 (Poland: STRATUS, 2011), p. 75.

35

Arthur G. Volz, ‘A Soviet Estimate of German Tank Production’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Volume 21, No. 3, (July 2008), pp. 588–90.

36

Hugh Trevor-Roper (ed.), Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945 (London: Birlinn Ltd, 2004), p. 178.

37

Dr. Peter W. Becker, ‘The Role of Synthetic Fuel in World War II Germany’, Air University Review, July–August 1981.

38

Operation Blau was redesignated as Operation Braunschweig, effective 30 June 1942. However, I will continue to use the original designation to avoid confusion.

39

Mikhail E. Katukov, Na Ostrie glavnogo udara [At the Point of the Main Attack] (Moscow: Voenizdat, 1974), chapter 9.

40

Hans-Joachim Jung, Panzer Soldiers for ‘God, Honor and Fatherland’ The History of Panzerregiment Grossdeutschland (Winnipeg: J. J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 2000), p. 20.

41

Artem Drabkin & Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Ltd, 2006), p. 113.

42

Ernst Rebentisch, The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 20012), p. 113.

43

David M. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2009), p. 154.

44

Ewald Klapdor, Viking Panzers: the German 5th SS Tank Regiment in the East in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2011), pp. 11–17.

45

Ernst Rebentisch, The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 20012), pp. 122–3.

46

David M. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad: Soviet-German Combat Operations, April–August 1942 (Lawrence, KS: Kansas University Press, 2009), p. 423.

47

Ernst Rebentisch, The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 20012), p. 166.

48

Ernst Rebentisch, The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 20012), p. 175.

49

Christer Bergstrom, Stalingrad, The Air Battle: 1942 through January 1943 (Hersham, UK: Ian Allen Publishing Ltd, 2007), p. 62.

50

In a bizarre aftermath, Gordov was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union in 1945, but then arrested for treason in 1947 and executed in 1950. The reason was his criticism of Stalin’s conduct of the war.

51

Wolfgang Werthen, Geschichte der 16. Panzer-Division 1939–1945 (Bad Nauheim, Germany: Podzun-Pallas-Verlag, 1958), pp. 99–103.

52

Christer Bergstrom, Stalingrad, The Air Battle: 1942 through January 1943 (Hersham, UK: Ian Allen Publishing Ltd, 2007), pp. 60–3.

53

Stavka Directive No. 156595, dated 1930 hours 10 August 1942.

54

Artem Drabkin & Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Ltd, 2006), p. 53.

55

David M. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad: Soviet-German Combat Operations, April–August 1942 (Lawrence, KS: Kansas University Press, 2009), pp. 301–2.

56

Gunter Schmitz, Die 16. PanzerDivision 1938–1945 (Eggolsheim: Dörfler Verlag GmbH, 2004), p. 105.

57

David M. Glantz, Forgotten Battles of the German Soviet War 1941–1945, Volume III (12 May–18 November 1942) (Self-published, 1999), p. 105.

58

David Garden and Kenneth Andrew (ed.), The War Diaries of a Panzer Soldier (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2010), p. 90.

59

David Garden and Kenneth Andrew (ed.), The War Diaries of a Panzer Soldier (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2010), p. 91.

60

Konstantin K. Rokossovsky, ‘Soldatskii dolg’ [‘A Soldier’s Duty’], Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal [Military Historical Journal], No. 2 (February 1990), p. 52, and No. 7 (July 1991), pp. 4–5.

61

David Garden and Kenneth Andrew (ed.), The War Diaries of a Panzer Soldier (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2010), p. 92.

62

Marek Kruk and Radoslaw Szewczyk, 9. Panzer-Division 1940–1943 (Poland: STRATUS, 2011), pp. 91–7.

63

Jason D. Mark, Death of the Leaping Horseman: 24. Panzer-Division in Stalingrad, 12th August–20th November 1942 (Sydney: Leaping Horseman Books, 2003), p. 157.

64

David M. Glantz and Jonathan M. House, Armageddon in Stalingrad: September-November 1942 (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2009), pp. 168–82.

65

Jason D. Mark, Island of Fire: The Battle for the Barrikady Gun Factory in Stalingrad, November 1942-February 1943 (Sydney: Leaping Horseman Books, 2006), pp. 4–6.

66

Walter Gorlitz, Strategie der Defensive Model (Munich: Limes Verlag, 1982), p. 121.

67

Anton Detlevvon Plato, Die Geschichte Der 5. Panzerdivision 1938 bis 1945 (Regensburg: Walhalla und Praetoria verlag, 1978), p. 230.

68

Artem Drabkin & Oleg Sheremet, T-34 in Action (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Ltd, 2006), p. 51.

69

Lukas Friedli, Repairing the Panzers: German Tank Maintenance in World War 2, Volume 2 (Monroe, NY: Panzerwrecks, 2011), p. 151.

70

Wolfgang Schneider, Tigers in Combat, Volume 1 (Mechanichsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2004), p. 73.

71

Matthew Hughes and Chris Mann, The T-34 Russian Battle Tank (Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing Co., 1999), p. 88.

72

Tim Bean and Will Fowler, Russian Tanks of World War II (St. Paul, MN’ MBI Publishing Co., 2003), pp. 137–8.

73

Sergei M. Shtemenko, The Soviet General Staff at War 1941–1945 (Hololulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific, 2001), pp. 123–6.

74

George F. Nafziger, Rumanian Order of Battle World War II (Self-published, 1995), p. 10.

75

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. II (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 24.

75

R.W. Byrd, Once I Had a Comrade: Karl Roth and the Combat History of the 36th Panzer Regiment 1939–45 (Solihull, UK: Helion & Company, 2006), pp. 94–7.

77

Fritz Morzik, German Air Force Airlift Operations (Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, 2002), pp. 179–200.

78

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. II (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), pp. 26–8.

79

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), pp. 150–2.

80

Ernst Rebentisch, The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 20012), p. 205.

81

Friedrich W. von Mellenthin, Panzer Battles (New York: Ballantine Books, 1971), pp. 211–14.

82

Gustav W. Schrodek, Die 11. Panzer-Division: Gespenster-Division 1940–1945 (Eggolsheim: Dörfler Verlag GmbH, 2004), p. 377.

83

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), pp. 156–61.

84

John Erickson, The Road to Berlin (London: Cassell, 2003), p. 12.

85

Ernst Rebentisch, The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 20012), pp. 207–8.

86

Erhard Raus, Panzer Operations (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), p. 176.

87

David M. Glantz, Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat: The Red Army’s Epic Disaster in Operation Mars, 1942 (Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas, 1999), pp. 373–7.

88

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. II (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), pp. 21–6.

89

David M. Glantz, Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat: The Red Army’s Epic Disaster in Operation Mars, 1942 (Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas, 1999), p. 100.

90

Hans-Joachim Jung, Panzer Soldiers for ‘God, Honor and Fatherland’ The History of Panzerregiment Grossdeutschland (Winnipeg: J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 2000), p. 38.

91

Thomas L. Jentz, Panzertruppen, Vol. II (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1996), p. 24.

92

David M. Glantz, Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat: The Red Army’s Epic Disaster in Operation Mars, 1942 (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1999), p. 304.

93

Aleksei Isaev et al., Tankovyi Udar: Sovietskie tanki v boiakh 1942–1943 [Tank Attack: Soviet Tanks in Battle, 1942–1943] (Moscow: EKSMO, 2007), pp. 78–88.

94

C. De. Franceschi and M. Mantovani, Le Operazioni delle Unita Italiane al Fronte Russo 1941–43 (Rome: Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito, Ufficio torico, 2000), pp. 189 and 617.

95

Richard W. Harrison, Architect of Soviet Victory in World War II: The Life and Theories of G.S. Isserson (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Publishers, 2010), p. 146.

96

Ia, KTB 4, 306. Infanterie-Division, 20 November 1942–1 January 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 2028.

97

Vasily M. Badanov, ‘Glubokii tankovyi reid [‘Deep Tank Raid’] in A.M. Samsonov (ed.) Stalingradskaya epopeya (Moscow: Nauka Publishers, 1968), pp. 625–40.

98

Ic, Tatigkeitsberichtinit Kartenanlagen z. KTB 6, 1 November–31 December 1942, 11. Panzer-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 596.

99

David M. Glantz, From the Don to the Dnepr: Soviet Offensive Operations December 1942-August 1943 (London: Frank Cass Publisgers, 1991), p. 74.

100

Grigory F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century (London: Greenhill Books, 1997), p. 253.

101

W. K. Hancock and Margaret M. Gowing, The British War Economy, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Civil Series (London: HMSO, 1949), p. 363.

102

Gunter Schmitz, Die 16. PanzerDivision 1938–1945 (Eggolsheim: Dörfler Verlag GmbH, 2004), p. 123.