INDEX

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1922 Committee, 32, 204

Abdication crisis, 38

affair of Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson, 209–10

Edward VIII seeks support from WSC, 209–10

opposition to WSC in House of Commons, 210–11

WSC leads the ‘King’s Party’, 209–11

Admiralty

contractors engaged, 172–73

design of tank, 172–73

WSC as First Lord, 37, 56, 171, 179, 189, 258

WSC requests experiment, 171–72

Afridis, 60–62

Aga Khan, 186–87

Amery, Leo, 19

Amiens, 156, 176–77

anti-Semitism see Jews

Antwerp Blunder, 36–37, 198–99

Anzio landings, 337–38

appeasement, 8, 11–12, 16–17

Asquith, Herbert Henry, 148–49, 160–61

Mediterranean cruise with WSC, 298

proposal of tank from WSC, 171–72, 174–75

removal of Sir John French as C.-in-C., 170

request from WSC to take a military command, 199

Asquith, Margot, 103, 161

Asquith, Violet, 116–17

on Clementine, 118–19

Astor, Nancy, 131, 324–25

Atlantic Charter, 236–37, 317

atomic bomb, 270–71

Attlee, Clement (later, 1st Earl)

criticised by WSC for failure of leadership, 286

meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 14

victory parade in Berlin, 261

on WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 272–73

Augusta, 234

Australia, 37, 200–201, 204

Aylesford, Lady Edith, 50–51

Baldwin, Stanley, 50, 52, 204–10

Balfour, Arthur, 36, 43–44, 83

Balfour Declaration, 304–10, 316–17

Balls, Ed, 242

Barbarossa, Operation, 24

Barroso, Manuel, 283

Barrymore, Ethel, 116

Baruch, Bernard, 309

Battle of Britain, 94–95

desperate rearguard action against German planes, 229–30

German planes bomb southern England, 227–28

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 142

Beaverbrook, Max, 33, 148–49, 221

Belfast, HMS, 246–48, 249, 252

Bell, Gertrude, 306

Berlin, 261–62

aerial bombing of, 265–66

Berlin Wall, 280–81

Bertie, Prince see Edward VII (earlier Prince of Wales; ’Bertie’)

Bevan, Aneurin, 255–56

Beveridge, William, 144

Big Three see Potsdam Conference

Bladon, Oxford, WSC buried in, 333

Blenheim Palace, 39–40

grounds, 181–82

study room of WSC, 182

WSC proposes to Clementine, 112–14, 118

Blood, Sir Bindon, 60, 75

Boer War, 62–63, 71–72

Bolsheviks, 142, 202–3

Boothby, Bob, 33, 195, 286

Bracken, Brendan, 33, 107–8

Braddock, Bessie, 1, 134

Brain, Sir Russell, 277

Bretagne, 217

Bridges, Sir Edward, 12

meeting of the War Cabinet, 8

Britain

anger at WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 275–77

characteristics of the people, 129, 331–32

decline in relative importance worldwide, 299

disarmament of the fleet, 19, 28

Empire, 303

facing defeat by German forces, 9–10, 127–28

impact of Second World War, 159

isolation, 10–11

manufacturers’ priced out of the market, 205–6

manufacturing output, 228–29

mass immigration, 330–32

opposition to WSC’s plan to attack French fleet, 224–25

perception of Russian war heroes, 268–70

perception of ‘Uncle’ Joe Stalin, 269–70

political instability, 150–51

proposal for coexistence with Nazi Reich, 22–23

ruling class sentiment for Hitlerism, 16–17, 23

support for appeasement, 16–17

see also British military

British Expeditionary Force, 9, 21–22, 127, 156

British Gazette, 142

British military

account of Mers-el-Kébir by WSC to House of Commons, 218

aerial bombing of Berlin, 265

blind orders, 259–60

Dresden fireball, 265–66

failure of British officers, 254

fall of Tobruk, 254–55

fighting qualities of soldiers questioned, 254–55

humiliations, 234, 253–56

mocked by Stalin, 255–56

Operation Unthinkable, 268–70

performance, 259–60

Siegfried Line incident, 258–59

United States perception of underperformance, 254–55

victory parade in Berlin, 261–62

WSC contemplates resigning premiership, 254–55

WSC’s presence during campaigns, 258–59

British Operational Division, 170

Brockie, Sergeant Major A., 103, 106

Brook, Norman, 278

Brooke, Alan, 104, 251, 257–59

Browne, Sir Anthony Montague, 133, 136, 173

Bruce, Allan, 36

Bryan, William Jennings, 206

BUC Aerodrome, 59

Buchanan, Pat, 160

Butler, Rab, 33, 136, 221, 276

Byrne, James, 272

Cairo Conference, 306–7

Callaghan, James, 147, 276

capitalism: WSC’s support for, 152–53

Cassel, Ernest, 309

Catapult, Operation, 225

caterpillar tracks see tanks

Cazalet-Keir, Thelma, 325

Cecil, Hugh, 47

Cecil, Lady Nelly, 16

Cecilienhof Palace

decor of meeting room, 264–65

Potsdam table, 266

Chamberlain, Neville, 80, 221

blame for underestimating Hitler, 8

ill-health, 22

meeting of the War Cabinet, 8

preference for Lord Halifax as Prime Minister, 15

relationship with WSC, 13–14

Chanak crisis, 203–205

Channon, Chips, 93

Chartwell: WSC’s home

apparition of Lord Randolph, 43–44

Clementine shares animal noises with WSC, 121

cost of upkeep, 78

kindness shown by WSC to animals, 107

management by Clementine, 125–26

meeting with Jock Colville, 2–3

repairing Lord Randolph’s oil painting, 46

researchers, books and library, 67–68

studio, 329

visitors, 326–27

wall-framed document of WSC’s response to Foreign Office, 189–90

writing study, 67–69

WSC convalesces after stroke, 277–79

Chicago Tribune, 131

Christina (yacht), 297–98, 318

Churchill, Celia Sandys (WSC’s granddaughter), 135

Churchill, Charles, 9th Duke of Marlborough (’Sunny’), 57

Churchill, Clementine, Lady (née Hozier; WSC’s wife)

allegiance to the Liberals, 119

background, 118, 122

Bali dove tale, 123–25

challenges WSC’s detractors, 119, 120–22

dreads WSC’s flying lessons, 57

friendship with Terence Philip, 124–26

holidays, 122–23

letter from WSC, 125–26

letters to WSC, 20–22, 124–25

love letters exchanged with WSC, 319–20

marriage to WSC, 118

pet names shared with WSC, 121

proposal of marriage by WSC, 112–15, 118

rearing of children, 126

sacrifices made for WSC, 122

softens WSC’s natural aggression, 119–21, 125–26

spinach episode, 122

temptation to stray from WSC, 122–26

on WSC’s peace-making skills, 119

Churchill, George, 8th Duke of Marlborough (Lord Randolph’s brother), 50–51

Churchill, Jack (WSC’s brother): kindness shown by WSC towards, 106–7

Churchill, Jennie (née Jerome; Lady Randolph Churchill; WSC’s mother)

birth of WSC, 39

financial management, 78

glamour, 109–10

kindness shown by WSC towards, 107

organises billet for WSC in army, 60–61

personality and character, 40–1

WSC begs to see Buffalo Bill, 101–2

Churchill, John, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 40

Churchill, Lady Gwendoline (née Bertie; Jack’s wife; ‘Goonie’), 102

Churchill, Lord Randolph (WSC’s father)

apparition at Chartwell, 43–44

behaviour, 49–51

blackmails Prince Bertie, 51

career, 45–46

disloyalty to the Conservative party, 47

earnings from journalism, 46

education and intellect, 44–46

illness and death, 41–42, 45–46

oratory skills, 48–49

relationship with WSC, 41–42, 44–46

Tory Democracy, 48

Churchill, Marigold (WSC’s daughter), 122

Churchill, Mary (WSC’s daughter), 122

describes the Bali dove, 123–24

Churchill, Randolph (WSC’s son)

on British soldiers, 254–55

records WSC’s intent to involve USA in war, 232

trip to Germany with WSC, 193–94

Churchill, Sarah (WSC’s daughter): birth, 199

Churchill, Sir Winston Spencer

attention to detail, 189–91

attire, 128, 137–39

belief in Whiggish Toryism, 149–50

birthplace, 40

bravery, 3, 19–20, 59–65

bullying reputation, 102–4, 105–6, 110

character, 211–12

charm, 233–35, 239–41, 242–45

convenes full Cabinet, 18

critical of military superiors, 74–75

crossing the floor of the House, 35, 47–48, 82–83

death and funeral, 333

defeat in 1945 election, 261–63, 271–72

depression, 3, 79, 188–89, 242, 272

disloyalty to the Conservative party, 34–5, 47–48, 82–83, 152–53

donations received from Jewish businessmen, 309–10

drinking habits, 12, 34, 68–69, 132–33, 256–57

eating habits, 133–34

education and intellect, 44–46

elected Prime Minister (1940), 52

elected Prime Minister (1951), 277–78

emotional speech to full Cabinet, 17–20

emotions, 106–8

essay, 43–47

fading memories of, 3–5

fatigue, 12–13

fighting for political life, 22

financial acumen, 187–88

flying lessons, 54–59, 64–66

fragility of position, 12–14

generosity, 104–8, 110–11

genius of, 4–6

habits resembling Bertie Wooster figure, 117

health problems, 277–79

humour, 130–32

identification and connection with British people, 129

incompetent military leadership, 36–38

indifference to people’s sexual preferences, 146

insults see witty insults, WSC

integrity, 212–13

invention and improvisation, 176–78

John Bull characteristics, 128–30, 136–38

journalism see journalism, WSC

lack of judgement, 37–38

leadership qualities, 18–20, 228–29

legacy, 320–27, 330–33

love for Clementine, 124–26

love of France, 218–19

loyalty to friends, 107–9

meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 12–13

nefarious deeds, 35–38

negotiating skills, 187

oratory skills see oratory skills

outgoings of household, 78

painting, 45–46, 176–77, 271–72, 305–7, 327–30

photographs holding tommy gun, 127–29, 139

physical appearance, 99–101

political positioning, 48

proposal of marriage to Clementine, 112–15, 118

rejection of negotiations, 13, 15–16, 17–19

relations with women, 115–18

relationship with Conservative party, 13–14

relationship with father, 41–42, 44–47

reporter/soldier see journalism, WSC

resignation as Prime Minister (1955), 279–80

right-wing tendencies, 141–42

risk-taking qualities, 52–53, 54–64, 197–98

ruthlessness, 216–18, 223–26, 229–31

schooldays, 63–65, 77

self-promotion, 34, 35, 77–78, 86, 252

selfishness, 106–7

smoking habits, 117, 132–34

social reformer see social reform, WSC

speech-making mastery, 1–2, 17–19

statesmanlike qualities, 1–2

stories about, 1–4, 130–31, 133–35, 326–27, 336–38

support for striking miners, 83–84

taste for luxuries, 102

tax avoidance, 79

temptation to stray from Clementine, 122–26

treatment of other people, 101–6

witty insults, 1–2, 92–93, 131–37

work rate see work rate, WSC

writings see writings, WSC, 71–75

Clarke, Peter, 70–71

Cockran, Bourke, 238–39

Colville, Sir John R. (’Jock’), 2–3, 278, 338

Committee of Imperial Defence: letter from WSC, 212–14

communism

Bolsheviks, 142, 202–3

hostility of WSC to, 141–42, 201–2

Operation Unthinkable, 268–70

rescuing Greece from, 258

revolutions and uprisings, 153–54

tyranny of, 276–77, 279–80

see also Soviet Union

compassionate conservatism, 152–53

condoms, story about, 130–31

Conservative Party

hostility to Lloyd George’s People’s Budget, 145

hostility to WSC, 32–34

plotting to remove WSC, 32, 35

political ownership of WSC, 31–32

sacking of Lloyd George and WSC, 204–5

uncertainty about WSC, 14

WSC’s contempt for political fidelity towards, 34–35

young Tories’ reverence for WSC, 31–32

Constantinople, 208, 200–201

Cripps, Sir Stafford, 136, 256

heckled by WSC, 285

Croydon Aerodrome, 54–55, 59

Cuba, 59–60

Czechoslovakia, 80

D-Day

nervousness of WSC, 251

opportunity for WSC to amend Gallipoli reverses, 251–52

relations between ministers and the Crown, 251

saving WSC from himself, 251–52

WSC’s plans to oversee first bombardment, 246–50

WSC’s ship fires volley at Nazis, 257–58

Daily Express, 3

Daily Mail, 17, 199

Daily Telegraph, 75

Dalton, Hugh, 18–19

Dardanelles, 37, 162, 200–201

see also Gallipoli

Darlan, Admiral François, 23, 223–27

Dawson, Geoffrey, 17

defective cerebration, 84–85

democracy: governments around the world, 27

Derby, Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of (Lord Derby), 42

Dervish army, 61–62

Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 228

Dewar Gibb, Captain Andrew, 105, 108

Disraeli, Benjamin, 49–51

‘The Dream’, 44–46, 49

Dresden, 265–66

Dugdale, Nancy, 32–33

Dunkerque, 226

Dunkirk, 9, 21

Eban, Abba, 307

Eden, Robert Anthony, 1st Earl of Avon, 136

Edward VII, King (earlier Prince of Wales; ’Bertie’)

blackmailed by Lord Randolph, 50–51

challenges Lord Randolph to duel, 51

Edward VIII, King, 38

affair with Wallis Simpson, 209–10

seeks support from WSC, 210

WSC leads the ‘King’s Party’, 210–11

Einzig, Paul, 32

Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 277–78

El Alamein, Battle of, 253, 256, 260–61

Elizabeth II, Queen, 331–32

Elizabeth, Queen of George VI, 247

epigrams, 94–96

equal rights, women, 325

Eton, 44–45

eugenics, 141, 322, 324

Europäische Wirtschaftsgesellschaft, 26

European Coal and Steel Community, 292, 294–95

European Commission, 284

European Court, 284

European Exchange Rate Mechanism, 205

European integration, WSC’s beliefs

alliance with United States, 295–96

conflicting views about, 282–83

free trade, 295

House of Commons debate on Schuman Plan, 284–86

intimately associated with Europe, 292–93

limited role for Britain in Europe, 290–92

supports Schuman Plan, 286–88

union between France and Germany, 289–90, 295–96

United Europe Movement, 289

United Europe speech in Scotland, 289–90

United States of Europe, 288–89

see also Schuman Plan

European Parliament and Council, 284

European Union, 295

Britain misses opportunity to join, 284–85

Everest, Elizabeth Ann (WSC’s nurse), 99, 108–11

Executive Committee of the Arab Palestine Congress, 307

fascist dictators, 153–54

Fellowes, Daisy, 122–23

Financial News, 32

First World War

blame for, 164–66

deaths, 158–59

final stages, 156–57

German military expansion prior to, 164–66

record of WSC, 178–80

role of WSC during, 5

Royal Navy blockade, 178–79

WSC gloomy about the prospects of, 157–58

Fisher, John, 1st Baron (Lord Fisher), 108–9, 201

Foden, 173

Foster, 173

France

British opposition to WSC’s plan to attack fleet, 224–25

capitulation to German forces, 220–21

defences overrun by German forces, 9, 10, 12

massacre at Mers-el-Kébir, 216–18, 225–27, 229–31

meeting with WSC at Tours, 219–20

sailing/scuttling of fleet, 224–27

state-of-the-art fleet, 220–21

supports negotiations with Germany, 12

WSC’s fear of Germany capturing fleet, 220–21, 223–24

WSC’s love of, 218–19

free trade, 152–53

French, Sir John

memo from WSC, 169–70

replaced as Commander-in-Chief, 170–71

Fulton, Missouri, 272–75

Funk, Dr Walter, 26

Gallipoli, 37, 161–62, 200–201, 251

Gandhi, Mahatma, 142, 207–9

Garnett, Theresa, 115

Gaulle, Charles de, 132

General Strike (1926), 142, 148

Gensoul, Marcel, 226

George VI, King

dissuades WSC from witnessing D-Day landings, 247–50

witnessing D-Day landings, 246–49

Germany

chaos at end of the First World War, 157–58

damaged morale by introduction of British tanks, 175–77

equal division of land impresses WSC, 145

fleet badly damaged in Norwegian campaign, 229–30

losing the First World War, 156–58

military expansion prior to First World War, 164–66

naturism, 280–81

overwhelms French defences, 9–10

paritatisch, 151

severity of terms of Versailles, 158–59

signing the armistice, 157–58

starvation of people, 157–59

troops captured by Allies, 156–58

WSC’s sympathy for plight of people, 157–59

see also Hitler, Adolf; Nazis

Gerrard, A. N., 91–92

Gettysburg Address, 92

Gibbon, Edward, 77, 187, 208

Gilbert, Sir Martin, 1, 100, 131, 256, 310

Gladstone, William Ewart, 47–49

Goebbels, Joseph, 90, 127, 214

Goering, Hermann, 16, 29, 229

Gold Standard, 205–7

Golding, Ron, 134

Gordon, General Charles, 61

Goschen, George, 1st Viscount, 51–52

Graham, Winston, 321

Greenwood, Arthur: meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 13–14

Grenfell, Ettie, 116

Grey, Sir Edward, 89, 160

Grey, Spenser, 57

Guderian, Heinz, 21, 28–9

Guinness, Walter, 1st Baron Moyne (Lord Moyne), 123

death, 315

Hacket, Polly, 116

Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl

tank proposal from WSC, 170–71

war strategy, 176

Haldane, General Sir Aylmer, 103, 106

Halifax, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 3rd Viscount (Lord Halifax)

background and appearance, 10–11

challenged by Clementine, 122

declines offer to be Prime Minister, 15

failure to build relations with United States, 238

on listening to WSC, 34

meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 11, 15–18

meeting with Ribbentrop, 23

nicknamed ‘Holy Fox’ by WSC, 20

relationship with WSC, 13–15, 17–18

support for negotiations, 15–16, 18

visits Hitler and Goering, 16

Hall of the People, 25–6

Hamel, Gustav, 58–59

Hanfstaengl, Ernst ‘Putzi’, 194–96, 214

Hankey, Maurice, 33

Harrow, 45, 85

Hastings, Max, 254

Hasty Pudding Club, 194

Healey, Dennis Winston, 320–21

hereditary peerage, 145

Hill, Kathleen, 137

Himmler, Heinrich, 25, 29

Hitler, Adolf

anti-Semitism, 194, 196

blame for Second World War, 165

conquests of European countries, 10

death, 261

declaration of war on United States, 242–43

feeler to War Cabinet, 12

hypnotic oratory qualities, 89–91

invasion of Russia, 234–35

meeting with Unity Mitford, 195

missed opportunity to defeat Britain, 9–10, 21–22

no-show for meeting with WSC, 195–96

Operation Sea Lion, 29, 228

overtures to British establishment, 22–23

planned annihilation of British forces, 29

prank played on Ernest ‘Putzi’ Hanfstaengl, 213–14

questions from WSC about Jewish policy, 196

rhetorical tricks, 95–97

Second World War success, 4–5

strategic imperative to attack Britain, 227–29

see also Germany; Nazis

Holland, Captain ‘Hookie’, 226

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 324

homosexuality, 106

Hood, HMS, 216–17, 236

House of Lords

hereditary peerage criticised by WSC, 145

opposition to Britain’s continuation in First World War, 221

Hozier, Clementine see Churchill, Clementine, Lady (née Hozier; WSC’s wife)

Hozier, Lady Blanche (Clementine’s mother), 118

Hughligans, 47

Hurd, Douglas, 49

Hussein, King, 304, 307, 309, 311–12

Hyde Park, 2–3

India

denouncement of Gandhi by WSC, 207–8

India Bill passed, 209

political positioning of WSC, 207–9

prophesies of bloodshed by WSC, 207–9

resistance of WSC to Indian self-government, 207–8

insults see witty insults, WSC

Iraq (formerly Mesopotamia), 302, 304, 313–17

Iron Curtain, 268, 271–77

Irving, David, 322

Ismay, General Hastings ‘Pug’, 94

Israel

finding a homeland, 305

security guarantee, 301

WSC’s role in creation of, 5, 187, 302, 316

see also Jews

Jacob, Ian, 237

Jean Bart, 224–25

Jenkins, Roy, 4, 78, 180

Jerome, Jennie see Churchill, Jennie

Jerome, Leonard, 40

Jews

anti-Semitism, 194–95, 305–6

Balfour declaration, 305–6

finding a homeland, 305–9, 316

immigration into Palestine, 310–12, 314–15

Nazi persecution of, 26, 213–14, 236–37

Palestinian objections to land sharing, 306–8

programme offering friendship to Palestinians, 308–9

WSC’s admiration for Jewish characteristics, 309–11

Zionism, 308–9, 310–13

see also Israel; Palestine

Jobseeker’s Allowance, 144

journalism, WSC

Boer War, 62–63, 72–73

Cuba, 59–60

earnings from, 46–47, 59–63, 70–73, 78–79

honesty of reporting, 76

Malakand Field Force, 60–61

Omdurman, Battle of, 61–62

see also writings, WSC

Kemal Atatürk, Mustafa, 201, 204

Kennedy, Joe, 24, 238

Kennedy, John F.

invites WSC to Washington, 300

previous meetings with WSC, 300

security guarantee for Israel, 301

WSC declines invitation to Washington, 300

Ker, William Paton, 124

Keynes, John Maynard, 206

Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 1st Earl, 75–76

Klopp, Onno, 138

Labouchere, Henry, 106

Labour Exchanges, 48, 144

Lady Hamilton, 107

Lamb, Richard, 224–26

land battleships see tanks

land taxes, 144–46

Landships Committee, 172–73

Lansbury, George, 221

Lascelles, Sir Alan, 247–49, 251–52, 338

Law, Andrew Bonar, 204

Lawrence, T. E., 306–7

Lays of Ancient Rome (Macaulay), 95

Leahy, Admiral William D., 272

Lend-Lease Act, 242

Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 151, 202

Lennon, John Winston, 320

Liberal party

support from Clementine, 119

WSC joins, 14, 82–83

Life in Pictures (Gilbert), 1

living wage, 143

Lloyd George, David

Chanak crisis, 203–5

desires revenge against Germany, 157–58

influence on WSC, 142–43

People’s Budget, 144–46

visits Hitler, 16–17

on WSC’s oratory skills, 89

Lord Moyne see Guinness, Walter, 1st Baron Moyne

Love, Mabel, 116

Low, David, 203

Ludendorff, General Erich, 176

Lugard, Flora, 162–63

Lugard, Sir Frederick, 162–63

Macaulay, Thomas Babington (Lays of Ancient Rome), 95

MacCallum, Alexander, 296

MacDavid, Jock, 105

MacDonald, Ramsay, 136

Macmillan, Harold, 52, 244

Malakand Field Force, 60–61, 64, 75, 198, 336

Manchester

poverty in, 149–50

slums, 141, 149–50

WSC stands for Manchester North-West constituency, 140–41

Marsh, Sir Edward, 79, 141, 150, 239

Mass Observation, 92

Masterman, Charles, 148, 152

McMahon-Hussein correspondence, 304, 307

McMahon, Sir Henry, 304

Mers-el-Kébir, Algeria, 216–18, 225–27, 230–31

Mesopotamia (latterly Iraq), 302, 304, 313–17

Middle East

Arab delegation to discuss Balfour declaration, 306–7

Balfour declaration, 304–10, 316

fingerprints of WSC over map of, 301–2

Jewish delegation to discuss Balfour declaration, 308–9

McMahon-Hussein correspondence, 304, 307

military expenditure cuts in Mesopotamia, 313–14

oil interests of Britain, 313

policy to retain British influence, 314–15

Sykes–Picot agreement, 304

‘Winston’s hiccup’, 302

WSC as one of founding fathers, 301

WSC favours use of gas, 314

WSC offered role as Colonial Secretary, 302–3

see also Jews; Palestine

Midland Hotel, Manchester

style, 140–41

temporary address of WSC, 140–41

miners

striking, 83–84

Tonypandy, 36, 142, 147

minimum wages, 143

Minister for Munitions, WSC

appointment, 175–76

media opposition to appointment, 175–76

staying at the Château Verchocq, 156–57

strike by armaments workers, 147–48

supplying British guns with mustard gas, 161–62

Mitford, Unity, 195, 214

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 10, 256, 268

Montagu, Edwin, 89

Montague Browne, Sir Anthony, 300

Morning Post, 37, 72, 175, 199

Mountbatten, Admiral Louis, 1st Earl, 177

Moyne, Lord see Guinness, Walter, 1st Baron Moyne

Munitions Bill, 147–48

Mussolini, Benito, 10, 12–13

mustard gas, 161–62

National Gallery, 29

naval holidays, 164

Nazis

capture of Russian men and territory, 24–5

gains in Europe, 4–5

military development, 28

persecutions, ghettos and deportations, 26

plan for European Reich and client fascist states, 24–27

racially based murder, 237

seriousness of, 139

WSC warnings about, 28, 197, 212–14

see also Germany; Hitler, Adolf

Neutrality Act, 223, 241

New York, 298–99

New Zealand, 37, 200, 204

Nicolson, Sir Harold, 76, 93–94, 210

Nigeria, 162–63

Nobel Prize for Literature: WSC wins, 70–71

Norman, Montagu, 206

Northcote, Sir Stafford, 47

Omaha Beach, 245

Omdurman, Battle of, 61–62, 74

Onassis, Aristotle

global superstar guests on Christina, 297–98

invites WSC to dinner on Christina, 298, 300

oratory skills, WSC

acknowledgement of defects, 88–90

attacking the Tories, 82–84

comparison to Hitler, 89–91

comparison with Lord Randolph, 87

critics of, 90–93

debating at Sandhurst, 85–86

effort and preparation, 85

greatest public speaker, 85

growing reputation, 82–83

House of Commons, 82–84, 86–87, 88–89, 91, 286–88

humour, 93–94

inspirational effect on the people, 93

insults see witty insults WSC

Iron Curtain speech, 272–75

lacking natural talent, 85

Lloyd George on WSC’s oratory skills, 89

lost for words, 84, 88–89

maiden speech in the House of Commons, 86–87

Mansion House speech, 299

methods, 86–91

phrase-making, 76–78, 93–96, 134–35, 137–38, 268

practising, 49

radio addresses, 91–92

remembered for, 89–90

renowned as supernaturally gifted, 85

rhetorical tricks, 95–97

Schuman Plan speech, 286–88

speaking from memory, 88–89

stammers, 86

typewritten notes, 89

war speeches, 92–97, 240–41

Packwood, Allen, 99–100, 132, 139

Pact of Steel, 10

Palestine

1922 White Paper encouraging immigration, 311–12

Balfour declaration, 304–9, 316

Jewish immigration, 310–12, 314–15

Palestinian objections to sharing land with Jews, 307–8

Peel Commission, 312–14

violence, 311–12, 314–15

WSC stresses benefits of land sharing, 307–8

Pearl Harbor, 242–43

Pearman, Violet, 104

Peck, John, 261

Peel Commission, 312–14

People’s Budget, 144–46

Pétain, Marshal Philippe, 220

Peter the Painter, 36

Philip, Terence, 124–26

Placentia Bay, 233

ships’ crews jointly singing hymns, 235–36

Ploegsteert Wood Cemetery (Plugstreet) see Plugstreet (Ploegsteert Wood Cemetery)

Plowden, Pamela, 104, 116–17

Plugstreet (Ploegsteert Wood Cemetery), 167–69, 178–79

fragments of ancient shrapnel, 169

military manoeuvre by WSC, 168–69

no man’s land, 167–68

nocturnal prowling by WSC, 167

slaughter of men, 169

see also tanks

Plumb, Sir John Harold, 70, 80–81

Poland, 268

Potsdam

deaths and homelessness, 265–66

RAF attack on palaces, 265–66

Potsdam Conference, 261–62, 264–65

division of Europe, 267–68

Stalin secures reparations and war booty, 271

Stalin’s plan for killing Germans, 267

United States reveals atomic bomb capability, 270–71

WSC leaves empty-handed, 270

see also Cecilienhof Palace

Pound, Sir Dudley, 224

Primrose League, 49

Prince of Wales, HMS, 233, 236, 243

prison reform, 146–47

prostitution, 86

Pulex europaeus, 105

Pyke, Geoffrey, 177

pykrete, 177–78

Pyramids, 306

Ramsay, Admiral Sir Bertram Home, 248

redistribution of wealth, 144–46

Reid, Walter, 303

Regent’s Park Mosque (London Central Mosque), 311

Regina Palast

WSC stays at, 193–94

WSC waits for Hitler, 195

Reid, Ogden, 323–24

Repulse, HMS, 243

Resolution, HMS, 217

Reynaud, Paul, 12, 220

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 23

Richelieu, 224–25

Roberts, Andrew, 100–101, 331, 336

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 186

Roosevelt, Elliott, 267

Roosevelt, President Franklin D. 186

estrangement of friendship with WSC, 268

illness and death, 267, 268

meetings with WSC, 233–36, 243–45

see also Placentia Bay

Roosevelt, Theodore, 42, 222–23

correspondence from WSC, 223

Rowntree, Seebohm

definition of poor, 149–50

Royal Air Force, 56

Royal Navy: massacre of French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir, 216–18, 225–27, 229–31

Royal Scots Fusiliers, 6th Battalion: WSC commands, 174

ruling classes, British: sentiment for Hitlerism, 16–17, 23

Russia

anti-Semitism, 202, 304–6

British troops in, 202–3

counter-attack by Trotsky, 202–3

counter-revolutionaries, 202

defeat of anti-Bolsheviks, 202–3

Russian Bungle, 202–3

Sackville-West, Vita, 93

San Antonio Churchill cigars, 3

Sandhurst

debating skills of WSC, 85–86

graduation of WSC, 59

nefarious deeds of WSC, 35–36

WSC loses watch, 41

Savrola, 87–88

The Scaffolding of Rhetoric, 86, 93

Schivial, Andrew, 237

Schuman Plan

Conservative Party support for, 286

Hansard record of, 285

House of Commons debate on, 284–85

Labour Party objections to, 285–86

Scott, Captain Jack, 54–55, 65

Sea Lion, Operation, 29, 228

Seal, Eric, 221

Second World War

Allied effort and resources, 255–57

blame for, 165

deaths, 159

legacy, 4–5

propaganda of WSC holding tommy gun, 127–28

USA enters, 242–45

victory parade in Berlin, 260–62

war of the British succession, 300

see also British military

Semiramis Hotel, Cairo: summit convened by WSC, 306–7

Shaw, George Bernard, 132

Sidney Street siege, 36

Siegfried Line, 258–59

Simpson, General William, 259

Simpson, Wallis, 210

Sinclair, Archibald: meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 14

Smith, Frederick Edwin, 1st Earl of Birkenhead, 57, 108, 131, 134

Sneyd-Kynnersley, Herbert, 64–65

Soames, Sir Nicholas, 2–3, 334, 336–37

social reform, WSC

accused of being soft on young criminals, 146–47

championed by WSC, 150–52

co-founder of the welfare state, 5, 142, 144, 212, 262, 331

influence of Lloyd George on WSC, 142–43

Labour Exchanges, 144

living wage for workers, 143

minimum wage, 143

Munitions Bill, 147–48

pension age reduction, 148

People’s Budget, 144–46

pressure on mine owners exerted by WSC, 147–48

prison reform, 146–47

Trades Board Bill, 143

unemployment insurance, 144

sodomy, 146

Somerville, Admiral James, 218, 225

Soviet Union

Balfour declaration, 305–6

creation of the Eastern bloc, 276

denunciation of WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 276

domination of Eastern Europe, 267–68

Iron Curtain, 268

loss of men and territory to Nazis, 24–25

Nazi puppet regime, 25

WSC feared domination of Europe, 270

see also communism; Russia; Stalin, Josef V.

Spears, General Sir Edward Louis, 132

speeches see oratory skills, WSC

Spens, William, 32

St Stephen’s Club, 31

Stalin, Josef V., 25

agenda for Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, 267–68

division of Europe at Potsdam, 267–68

goes into hiding, 256

mocks British military, 255–56

perception as Uncle Joe in Britain, 269

rise to power, 266–67

skill and charm, 271

Stark, Freya, 124

sterling

Gold Standard and, 205–6

strong pound, 206

Storr, Anthony, 335

Strakosch, Sir Henry, 309

Strand, 131

strikes

armed troops sent by WSC, 142

Clyde armament workers, 147–48

General Strike of 1926, 142

Labour Party criticism of WSC’s handling of, 147

Liverpool dockers, 142, 147

London dockers, 147

miners, 83

Tonypandy riots, 36, 142, 147

violent, 36, 151

suffragettes, 115, 119

summits, WSC’s pursuit of, 256–57, 276–79, 305–7

Sunday Times, The, 175

sweated labour, 143

Sykes–Picot agreement, 304

Talbot, Group Captain A. G., 93

Tank Board, 176

tanks

army committee investigation into, 171

caterpillar tracks, 172–73

contractors engaged, 173

designs produced, 173

experiment begins, 174

introduced into the war, 176

Landships Committee appointed, 172–73

order for prototypes placed by WSC, 173

production, 175–76

project comes to life, 175

project stalls, 173–74

removal of WSC from project, 174

success of, 176–78

Tank Board set up by WSC, 176

Wormwood Scrubs laboratory, 174

WSC’s proposal for, 170–72

Taylor, A. J. P., 300

Temple of Artemis, 112, 114

Tennyson-d’Eyncourt, Sir Eustace

Chair of Landships Committee, 173

letter to WSC, 174–75

project progress, 173

project to build the tank, 173–74

Thatcher, Margaret, 207

Thornycroft, Peter, 276

Times, The, 17, 92, 275

Tirpitz, Admiral von, 164

Tobruk, 254–55

Tonypandy riots, 36, 142, 147

Torch, Operation, 253

Tories see Conservative Party

totalitarianism, 27

Toye, Richard, 91–92

Trades Board Bill, 143

Treaty of Versailles, 158

Trotsky, Leon, 202

Truman, President Harry S., 268, 270–73

denies advance viewing of WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 276–77

invites WSC to speak at Fulton, 272

Turkey, 200

unemployment insurance, 144

unions, 83

WSC’s support for, 83, 147–48

United Europe Movement, 289

United States of America (USA)

atomic bomb capability, 270–71

attitude to Britain, 237–38

blockage of military supplies to the Allies, 222–23

congressmen cheer WSC, 242

destroyers-for-bases deal, 241

disregard for Atlantic Charter, 236

enters Second World War, 242–45

Lend-Lease Act, 242

Neutrality Act, 223, 241

opposition to involvement in First World War, 222

Pearl Harbor, 242–43

perceived underperformance of British soldiers, 255

policeman of the world, 317

reaction to WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 275–76

relations with the Earl of Halifax, 238

relationship with Soviet Union post-Second World War, 269

reluctance to enter Second World War, 10–11, 222, 236–38

sides with Britain in Second World War, 242–43

spirit of enterprise, 238–40

visits by WSC, 238–40, 243–44

war loans to Britain, 241–42, 268

wooing by WSC, 233–36, 239–45

WSC sends British flotilla to Pearl Harbor, 242–44

WSC stresses bond with Britain, 235–36, 239–41, 243–45, 274–75, 299–300

WSC’s intention to involve USA in Second World War, 232–33

United States of Europe, 288–89

Unthinkable, Operation, 269–270

USSR see Soviet Union

Vansittart, Sir Robert, 11

Versailles, Treaty of, 158

Wall Street Crash, 239

Wall Street Journal, 275

Walsh, David, 222

War Cabinet of Britain

deal or fight choice, 8–9, 11, 21–22

mediation offer via Italy, 11–12, 15–16

meeting, 8, 10, 11–12, 13, 15–16, 17

meeting resumes, 19

war, WSC’s philosophy

defence spending cuts, 164–65

desire to reduce loss of life, 177–79

encourages use of gas, 161–62, 176–79, 202–3, 313–14

excited by, 160–61

Herbert Asquith on, 161

hitting the enemy hard, 161–62

ideological feuds with the Lugards, 162–63

Margot Asquith on, 161

naval holidays, 164

Pat Buchanan on, 160

Peregrine Worsthorne on, 160

reaction to Czech crisis, 165

warlord qualities, 159, 230

warns against rise of Nazism, 197

see also British military; First World War; Second World War

Waugh, Evelyn, 70–71, 91

Webb, Beatrice, 148, 238

Webb, Sydney, 148

Weizmann, Chaim, 315

welfare state, 5, 142, 144, 212, 262, 331

Wells, H. G., 171–72

Whittier, John Greenleaf, 186

Wigram, Ralph, 103, 106

Wildman-Lushington, Gilbert, 57–58

Wilson, General Henry, 213

Wilson, Muriel, 116

Wilson, Woodrow, 158

With Winston Churchill at the Front, 105

Winterton, Edward Turnour, 6th Earl, 146

witty insults, WSC

Bessie Braddock, 1, 134

Captain A. G. Talbot, 93

Charles de Gaulle, 132

George Bernard Shaw, 132

hostess on United States lecture tour, 135

Lord Privy Seal, 1, 135

Nancy Astor, 131, 324–25

Ramsay MacDonald, 136

Stafford Cripps, 136

Woodring, Harry, 222

work rate, WSC

memory recall, 186–87

mental energy, 334–35

reading, 186

response to Foreign Office about place names, 189–90

stamina and drive, 188–89, 285

summits, 256–57

typical day, 182–85

writing, 185–86

working classes

minimum wage, 143

strikes, 36, 83, 147–48, 151

unemployment insurance, 144

see also strikes

Wormwood Scrubs laboratory, 174

Worsthorne, Peregrine, 160

writings, WSC

critics of, 70–71, 80

deployment and coordination of, 81

dictating to typists, 69, 81, 182–85

motivation for, 79–80

Savrola, 87–88

The Scaffolding of Rhetoric, 86, 93

typesetting, 69–70

volume of, 117, 185–86

see also journalism, WSC

Yalta, 267

Ypres, 176

Yudenitch, General Nikolai, 203

Zionism, 308–13

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