INDEX
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1922 Committee, 32, 204
Abdication crisis, 38
affair of Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson, 209–10
Edward VIII seeks support from WSC, 209–10
opposition to WSC in House of Commons, 210–11
WSC leads the ‘King’s Party’, 209–11
Admiralty
contractors engaged, 172–73
design of tank, 172–73
WSC as First Lord, 37, 56, 171, 179, 189, 258
WSC requests experiment, 171–72
Afridis, 60–62
Aga Khan, 186–87
Amery, Leo, 19
Amiens, 156, 176–77
anti-Semitism see Jews
Antwerp Blunder, 36–37, 198–99
Anzio landings, 337–38
appeasement, 8, 11–12, 16–17
Asquith, Herbert Henry, 148–49, 160–61
Mediterranean cruise with WSC, 298
proposal of tank from WSC, 171–72, 174–75
removal of Sir John French as C.-in-C., 170
request from WSC to take a military command, 199
Asquith, Margot, 103, 161
Asquith, Violet, 116–17
on Clementine, 118–19
Astor, Nancy, 131, 324–25
Atlantic Charter, 236–37, 317
atomic bomb, 270–71
Attlee, Clement (later, 1st Earl)
criticised by WSC for failure of leadership, 286
meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 14
victory parade in Berlin, 261
on WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 272–73
Augusta, 234
Australia, 37, 200–201, 204
Aylesford, Lady Edith, 50–51
Baldwin, Stanley, 50, 52, 204–10
Balfour, Arthur, 36, 43–44, 83
Balfour Declaration, 304–10, 316–17
Balls, Ed, 242
Barbarossa, Operation, 24
Barroso, Manuel, 283
Barrymore, Ethel, 116
Baruch, Bernard, 309
Battle of Britain, 94–95
desperate rearguard action against German planes, 229–30
German planes bomb southern England, 227–28
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 142
Beaverbrook, Max, 33, 148–49, 221
Belfast, HMS, 246–48, 249, 252
Bell, Gertrude, 306
Berlin, 261–62
aerial bombing of, 265–66
Berlin Wall, 280–81
Bertie, Prince see Edward VII (earlier Prince of Wales; ’Bertie’)
Bevan, Aneurin, 255–56
Beveridge, William, 144
Big Three see Potsdam Conference
Bladon, Oxford, WSC buried in, 333
Blenheim Palace, 39–40
grounds, 181–82
study room of WSC, 182
WSC proposes to Clementine, 112–14, 118
Blood, Sir Bindon, 60, 75
Boer War, 62–63, 71–72
Bolsheviks, 142, 202–3
Boothby, Bob, 33, 195, 286
Bracken, Brendan, 33, 107–8
Braddock, Bessie, 1, 134
Brain, Sir Russell, 277
Bretagne, 217
Bridges, Sir Edward, 12
meeting of the War Cabinet, 8
Britain
anger at WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 275–77
characteristics of the people, 129, 331–32
decline in relative importance worldwide, 299
disarmament of the fleet, 19, 28
Empire, 303
facing defeat by German forces, 9–10, 127–28
impact of Second World War, 159
isolation, 10–11
manufacturers’ priced out of the market, 205–6
manufacturing output, 228–29
mass immigration, 330–32
opposition to WSC’s plan to attack French fleet, 224–25
perception of Russian war heroes, 268–70
perception of ‘Uncle’ Joe Stalin, 269–70
political instability, 150–51
proposal for coexistence with Nazi Reich, 22–23
ruling class sentiment for Hitlerism, 16–17, 23
support for appeasement, 16–17
see also British military
British Expeditionary Force, 9, 21–22, 127, 156
British Gazette, 142
British military
account of Mers-el-Kébir by WSC to House of Commons, 218
aerial bombing of Berlin, 265
blind orders, 259–60
Dresden fireball, 265–66
failure of British officers, 254
fall of Tobruk, 254–55
fighting qualities of soldiers questioned, 254–55
humiliations, 234, 253–56
mocked by Stalin, 255–56
Operation Unthinkable, 268–70
performance, 259–60
Siegfried Line incident, 258–59
United States perception of underperformance, 254–55
victory parade in Berlin, 261–62
WSC contemplates resigning premiership, 254–55
WSC’s presence during campaigns, 258–59
British Operational Division, 170
Brockie, Sergeant Major A., 103, 106
Brook, Norman, 278
Brooke, Alan, 104, 251, 257–59
Browne, Sir Anthony Montague, 133, 136, 173
Bruce, Allan, 36
Bryan, William Jennings, 206
BUC Aerodrome, 59
Buchanan, Pat, 160
Butler, Rab, 33, 136, 221, 276
Byrne, James, 272
Cairo Conference, 306–7
Callaghan, James, 147, 276
capitalism: WSC’s support for, 152–53
Cassel, Ernest, 309
Catapult, Operation, 225
caterpillar tracks see tanks
Cazalet-Keir, Thelma, 325
Cecil, Hugh, 47
Cecil, Lady Nelly, 16
Cecilienhof Palace
decor of meeting room, 264–65
Potsdam table, 266
Chamberlain, Neville, 80, 221
blame for underestimating Hitler, 8
ill-health, 22
meeting of the War Cabinet, 8
preference for Lord Halifax as Prime Minister, 15
relationship with WSC, 13–14
Chanak crisis, 203–205
Channon, Chips, 93
Chartwell: WSC’s home
apparition of Lord Randolph, 43–44
Clementine shares animal noises with WSC, 121
cost of upkeep, 78
kindness shown by WSC to animals, 107
management by Clementine, 125–26
meeting with Jock Colville, 2–3
repairing Lord Randolph’s oil painting, 46
researchers, books and library, 67–68
studio, 329
visitors, 326–27
wall-framed document of WSC’s response to Foreign Office, 189–90
writing study, 67–69
WSC convalesces after stroke, 277–79
Chicago Tribune, 131
Christina (yacht), 297–98, 318
Churchill, Celia Sandys (WSC’s granddaughter), 135
Churchill, Charles, 9th Duke of Marlborough (’Sunny’), 57
Churchill, Clementine, Lady (née Hozier; WSC’s wife)
allegiance to the Liberals, 119
background, 118, 122
Bali dove tale, 123–25
challenges WSC’s detractors, 119, 120–22
dreads WSC’s flying lessons, 57
friendship with Terence Philip, 124–26
holidays, 122–23
letter from WSC, 125–26
letters to WSC, 20–22, 124–25
love letters exchanged with WSC, 319–20
marriage to WSC, 118
pet names shared with WSC, 121
proposal of marriage by WSC, 112–15, 118
rearing of children, 126
sacrifices made for WSC, 122
softens WSC’s natural aggression, 119–21, 125–26
spinach episode, 122
temptation to stray from WSC, 122–26
on WSC’s peace-making skills, 119
Churchill, George, 8th Duke of Marlborough (Lord Randolph’s brother), 50–51
Churchill, Jack (WSC’s brother): kindness shown by WSC towards, 106–7
Churchill, Jennie (née Jerome; Lady Randolph Churchill; WSC’s mother)
birth of WSC, 39
financial management, 78
glamour, 109–10
kindness shown by WSC towards, 107
organises billet for WSC in army, 60–61
personality and character, 40–1
WSC begs to see Buffalo Bill, 101–2
Churchill, John, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 40
Churchill, Lady Gwendoline (née Bertie; Jack’s wife; ‘Goonie’), 102
Churchill, Lord Randolph (WSC’s father)
apparition at Chartwell, 43–44
behaviour, 49–51
blackmails Prince Bertie, 51
career, 45–46
disloyalty to the Conservative party, 47
earnings from journalism, 46
education and intellect, 44–46
illness and death, 41–42, 45–46
oratory skills, 48–49
relationship with WSC, 41–42, 44–46
Tory Democracy, 48
Churchill, Marigold (WSC’s daughter), 122
Churchill, Mary (WSC’s daughter), 122
describes the Bali dove, 123–24
Churchill, Randolph (WSC’s son)
on British soldiers, 254–55
records WSC’s intent to involve USA in war, 232
trip to Germany with WSC, 193–94
Churchill, Sarah (WSC’s daughter): birth, 199
Churchill, Sir Winston Spencer
attention to detail, 189–91
attire, 128, 137–39
belief in Whiggish Toryism, 149–50
birthplace, 40
bravery, 3, 19–20, 59–65
bullying reputation, 102–4, 105–6, 110
character, 211–12
charm, 233–35, 239–41, 242–45
convenes full Cabinet, 18
critical of military superiors, 74–75
crossing the floor of the House, 35, 47–48, 82–83
death and funeral, 333
defeat in 1945 election, 261–63, 271–72
depression, 3, 79, 188–89, 242, 272
disloyalty to the Conservative party, 34–5, 47–48, 82–83, 152–53
donations received from Jewish businessmen, 309–10
drinking habits, 12, 34, 68–69, 132–33, 256–57
eating habits, 133–34
education and intellect, 44–46
elected Prime Minister (1940), 52
elected Prime Minister (1951), 277–78
emotional speech to full Cabinet, 17–20
emotions, 106–8
essay, 43–47
fading memories of, 3–5
fatigue, 12–13
fighting for political life, 22
financial acumen, 187–88
flying lessons, 54–59, 64–66
fragility of position, 12–14
generosity, 104–8, 110–11
genius of, 4–6
habits resembling Bertie Wooster figure, 117
health problems, 277–79
humour, 130–32
identification and connection with British people, 129
incompetent military leadership, 36–38
indifference to people’s sexual preferences, 146
insults see witty insults, WSC
integrity, 212–13
invention and improvisation, 176–78
John Bull characteristics, 128–30, 136–38
journalism see journalism, WSC
lack of judgement, 37–38
leadership qualities, 18–20, 228–29
legacy, 320–27, 330–33
love for Clementine, 124–26
love of France, 218–19
loyalty to friends, 107–9
meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 12–13
nefarious deeds, 35–38
negotiating skills, 187
oratory skills see oratory skills
outgoings of household, 78
painting, 45–46, 176–77, 271–72, 305–7, 327–30
photographs holding tommy gun, 127–29, 139
physical appearance, 99–101
political positioning, 48
proposal of marriage to Clementine, 112–15, 118
rejection of negotiations, 13, 15–16, 17–19
relations with women, 115–18
relationship with Conservative party, 13–14
relationship with father, 41–42, 44–47
reporter/soldier see journalism, WSC
resignation as Prime Minister (1955), 279–80
right-wing tendencies, 141–42
risk-taking qualities, 52–53, 54–64, 197–98
ruthlessness, 216–18, 223–26, 229–31
schooldays, 63–65, 77
self-promotion, 34, 35, 77–78, 86, 252
selfishness, 106–7
smoking habits, 117, 132–34
social reformer see social reform, WSC
speech-making mastery, 1–2, 17–19
statesmanlike qualities, 1–2
stories about, 1–4, 130–31, 133–35, 326–27, 336–38
support for striking miners, 83–84
taste for luxuries, 102
tax avoidance, 79
temptation to stray from Clementine, 122–26
treatment of other people, 101–6
witty insults, 1–2, 92–93, 131–37
work rate see work rate, WSC
writings see writings, WSC, 71–75
Clarke, Peter, 70–71
Cockran, Bourke, 238–39
Colville, Sir John R. (’Jock’), 2–3, 278, 338
Committee of Imperial Defence: letter from WSC, 212–14
communism
Bolsheviks, 142, 202–3
hostility of WSC to, 141–42, 201–2
Operation Unthinkable, 268–70
rescuing Greece from, 258
revolutions and uprisings, 153–54
tyranny of, 276–77, 279–80
see also Soviet Union
compassionate conservatism, 152–53
condoms, story about, 130–31
Conservative Party
hostility to Lloyd George’s People’s Budget, 145
hostility to WSC, 32–34
plotting to remove WSC, 32, 35
political ownership of WSC, 31–32
sacking of Lloyd George and WSC, 204–5
uncertainty about WSC, 14
WSC’s contempt for political fidelity towards, 34–35
young Tories’ reverence for WSC, 31–32
Constantinople, 208, 200–201
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 136, 256
heckled by WSC, 285
Croydon Aerodrome, 54–55, 59
Cuba, 59–60
Czechoslovakia, 80
D-Day
nervousness of WSC, 251
opportunity for WSC to amend Gallipoli reverses, 251–52
relations between ministers and the Crown, 251
saving WSC from himself, 251–52
WSC’s plans to oversee first bombardment, 246–50
WSC’s ship fires volley at Nazis, 257–58
Daily Express, 3
Daily Mail, 17, 199
Daily Telegraph, 75
Dalton, Hugh, 18–19
Dardanelles, 37, 162, 200–201
see also Gallipoli
Darlan, Admiral François, 23, 223–27
Dawson, Geoffrey, 17
defective cerebration, 84–85
democracy: governments around the world, 27
Derby, Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of (Lord Derby), 42
Dervish army, 61–62
Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 228
Dewar Gibb, Captain Andrew, 105, 108
Disraeli, Benjamin, 49–51
‘The Dream’, 44–46, 49
Dresden, 265–66
Dugdale, Nancy, 32–33
Dunkerque, 226
Dunkirk, 9, 21
Eban, Abba, 307
Eden, Robert Anthony, 1st Earl of Avon, 136
Edward VII, King (earlier Prince of Wales; ’Bertie’)
blackmailed by Lord Randolph, 50–51
challenges Lord Randolph to duel, 51
Edward VIII, King, 38
affair with Wallis Simpson, 209–10
seeks support from WSC, 210
WSC leads the ‘King’s Party’, 210–11
Einzig, Paul, 32
Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 277–78
El Alamein, Battle of, 253, 256, 260–61
Elizabeth II, Queen, 331–32
Elizabeth, Queen of George VI, 247
epigrams, 94–96
equal rights, women, 325
Eton, 44–45
eugenics, 141, 322, 324
Europäische Wirtschaftsgesellschaft, 26
European Coal and Steel Community, 292, 294–95
European Commission, 284
European Court, 284
European Exchange Rate Mechanism, 205
European integration, WSC’s beliefs
alliance with United States, 295–96
conflicting views about, 282–83
free trade, 295
House of Commons debate on Schuman Plan, 284–86
intimately associated with Europe, 292–93
limited role for Britain in Europe, 290–92
supports Schuman Plan, 286–88
union between France and Germany, 289–90, 295–96
United Europe Movement, 289
United Europe speech in Scotland, 289–90
United States of Europe, 288–89
see also Schuman Plan
European Parliament and Council, 284
European Union, 295
Britain misses opportunity to join, 284–85
Everest, Elizabeth Ann (WSC’s nurse), 99, 108–11
Executive Committee of the Arab Palestine Congress, 307
fascist dictators, 153–54
Fellowes, Daisy, 122–23
Financial News, 32
First World War
blame for, 164–66
deaths, 158–59
final stages, 156–57
German military expansion prior to, 164–66
record of WSC, 178–80
role of WSC during, 5
Royal Navy blockade, 178–79
WSC gloomy about the prospects of, 157–58
Fisher, John, 1st Baron (Lord Fisher), 108–9, 201
Foden, 173
Foster, 173
France
British opposition to WSC’s plan to attack fleet, 224–25
capitulation to German forces, 220–21
defences overrun by German forces, 9, 10, 12
massacre at Mers-el-Kébir, 216–18, 225–27, 229–31
meeting with WSC at Tours, 219–20
sailing/scuttling of fleet, 224–27
state-of-the-art fleet, 220–21
supports negotiations with Germany, 12
WSC’s fear of Germany capturing fleet, 220–21, 223–24
WSC’s love of, 218–19
free trade, 152–53
French, Sir John
memo from WSC, 169–70
replaced as Commander-in-Chief, 170–71
Fulton, Missouri, 272–75
Funk, Dr Walter, 26
Gallipoli, 37, 161–62, 200–201, 251
Gandhi, Mahatma, 142, 207–9
Garnett, Theresa, 115
Gaulle, Charles de, 132
General Strike (1926), 142, 148
Gensoul, Marcel, 226
George VI, King
dissuades WSC from witnessing D-Day landings, 247–50
witnessing D-Day landings, 246–49
Germany
chaos at end of the First World War, 157–58
damaged morale by introduction of British tanks, 175–77
equal division of land impresses WSC, 145
fleet badly damaged in Norwegian campaign, 229–30
losing the First World War, 156–58
military expansion prior to First World War, 164–66
naturism, 280–81
overwhelms French defences, 9–10
paritatisch, 151
severity of terms of Versailles, 158–59
signing the armistice, 157–58
starvation of people, 157–59
troops captured by Allies, 156–58
WSC’s sympathy for plight of people, 157–59
see also Hitler, Adolf; Nazis
Gerrard, A. N., 91–92
Gettysburg Address, 92
Gibbon, Edward, 77, 187, 208
Gilbert, Sir Martin, 1, 100, 131, 256, 310
Gladstone, William Ewart, 47–49
Goebbels, Joseph, 90, 127, 214
Goering, Hermann, 16, 29, 229
Gold Standard, 205–7
Golding, Ron, 134
Gordon, General Charles, 61
Goschen, George, 1st Viscount, 51–52
Graham, Winston, 321
Greenwood, Arthur: meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 13–14
Grenfell, Ettie, 116
Grey, Sir Edward, 89, 160
Grey, Spenser, 57
Guderian, Heinz, 21, 28–9
Guinness, Walter, 1st Baron Moyne (Lord Moyne), 123
death, 315
Hacket, Polly, 116
Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl
tank proposal from WSC, 170–71
war strategy, 176
Haldane, General Sir Aylmer, 103, 106
Halifax, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 3rd Viscount (Lord Halifax)
background and appearance, 10–11
challenged by Clementine, 122
declines offer to be Prime Minister, 15
failure to build relations with United States, 238
on listening to WSC, 34
meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 11, 15–18
meeting with Ribbentrop, 23
nicknamed ‘Holy Fox’ by WSC, 20
relationship with WSC, 13–15, 17–18
support for negotiations, 15–16, 18
visits Hitler and Goering, 16
Hall of the People, 25–6
Hamel, Gustav, 58–59
Hanfstaengl, Ernst ‘Putzi’, 194–96, 214
Hankey, Maurice, 33
Harrow, 45, 85
Hastings, Max, 254
Hasty Pudding Club, 194
Healey, Dennis Winston, 320–21
hereditary peerage, 145
Hill, Kathleen, 137
Himmler, Heinrich, 25, 29
Hitler, Adolf
anti-Semitism, 194, 196
blame for Second World War, 165
conquests of European countries, 10
death, 261
declaration of war on United States, 242–43
feeler to War Cabinet, 12
hypnotic oratory qualities, 89–91
invasion of Russia, 234–35
meeting with Unity Mitford, 195
missed opportunity to defeat Britain, 9–10, 21–22
no-show for meeting with WSC, 195–96
Operation Sea Lion, 29, 228
overtures to British establishment, 22–23
planned annihilation of British forces, 29
prank played on Ernest ‘Putzi’ Hanfstaengl, 213–14
questions from WSC about Jewish policy, 196
rhetorical tricks, 95–97
Second World War success, 4–5
strategic imperative to attack Britain, 227–29
see also Germany; Nazis
Holland, Captain ‘Hookie’, 226
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 324
homosexuality, 106
Hood, HMS, 216–17, 236
House of Lords
hereditary peerage criticised by WSC, 145
opposition to Britain’s continuation in First World War, 221
Hozier, Clementine see Churchill, Clementine, Lady (née Hozier; WSC’s wife)
Hozier, Lady Blanche (Clementine’s mother), 118
Hughligans, 47
Hurd, Douglas, 49
Hussein, King, 304, 307, 309, 311–12
Hyde Park, 2–3
India
denouncement of Gandhi by WSC, 207–8
India Bill passed, 209
political positioning of WSC, 207–9
prophesies of bloodshed by WSC, 207–9
resistance of WSC to Indian self-government, 207–8
insults see witty insults, WSC
Iraq (formerly Mesopotamia), 302, 304, 313–17
Iron Curtain, 268, 271–77
Irving, David, 322
Ismay, General Hastings ‘Pug’, 94
Israel
finding a homeland, 305
security guarantee, 301
WSC’s role in creation of, 5, 187, 302, 316
see also Jews
Jacob, Ian, 237
Jean Bart, 224–25
Jenkins, Roy, 4, 78, 180
Jerome, Jennie see Churchill, Jennie
Jerome, Leonard, 40
Jews
anti-Semitism, 194–95, 305–6
Balfour declaration, 305–6
finding a homeland, 305–9, 316
immigration into Palestine, 310–12, 314–15
Nazi persecution of, 26, 213–14, 236–37
Palestinian objections to land sharing, 306–8
programme offering friendship to Palestinians, 308–9
WSC’s admiration for Jewish characteristics, 309–11
Zionism, 308–9, 310–13
see also Israel; Palestine
Jobseeker’s Allowance, 144
journalism, WSC
Boer War, 62–63, 72–73
Cuba, 59–60
earnings from, 46–47, 59–63, 70–73, 78–79
honesty of reporting, 76
Malakand Field Force, 60–61
Omdurman, Battle of, 61–62
see also writings, WSC
Kemal Atatürk, Mustafa, 201, 204
Kennedy, Joe, 24, 238
Kennedy, John F.
invites WSC to Washington, 300
previous meetings with WSC, 300
security guarantee for Israel, 301
WSC declines invitation to Washington, 300
Ker, William Paton, 124
Keynes, John Maynard, 206
Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 1st Earl, 75–76
Klopp, Onno, 138
Labouchere, Henry, 106
Labour Exchanges, 48, 144
Lady Hamilton, 107
Lamb, Richard, 224–26
land battleships see tanks
land taxes, 144–46
Landships Committee, 172–73
Lansbury, George, 221
Lascelles, Sir Alan, 247–49, 251–52, 338
Law, Andrew Bonar, 204
Lawrence, T. E., 306–7
Lays of Ancient Rome (Macaulay), 95
Leahy, Admiral William D., 272
Lend-Lease Act, 242
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 151, 202
Lennon, John Winston, 320
Liberal party
support from Clementine, 119
WSC joins, 14, 82–83
Life in Pictures (Gilbert), 1
living wage, 143
Lloyd George, David
Chanak crisis, 203–5
desires revenge against Germany, 157–58
influence on WSC, 142–43
People’s Budget, 144–46
visits Hitler, 16–17
on WSC’s oratory skills, 89
Lord Moyne see Guinness, Walter, 1st Baron Moyne
Love, Mabel, 116
Low, David, 203
Ludendorff, General Erich, 176
Lugard, Flora, 162–63
Lugard, Sir Frederick, 162–63
Macaulay, Thomas Babington (Lays of Ancient Rome), 95
MacCallum, Alexander, 296
MacDavid, Jock, 105
MacDonald, Ramsay, 136
Macmillan, Harold, 52, 244
Malakand Field Force, 60–61, 64, 75, 198, 336
Manchester
poverty in, 149–50
slums, 141, 149–50
WSC stands for Manchester North-West constituency, 140–41
Marsh, Sir Edward, 79, 141, 150, 239
Mass Observation, 92
Masterman, Charles, 148, 152
McMahon-Hussein correspondence, 304, 307
McMahon, Sir Henry, 304
Mers-el-Kébir, Algeria, 216–18, 225–27, 230–31
Mesopotamia (latterly Iraq), 302, 304, 313–17
Middle East
Arab delegation to discuss Balfour declaration, 306–7
Balfour declaration, 304–10, 316
fingerprints of WSC over map of, 301–2
Jewish delegation to discuss Balfour declaration, 308–9
McMahon-Hussein correspondence, 304, 307
military expenditure cuts in Mesopotamia, 313–14
oil interests of Britain, 313
policy to retain British influence, 314–15
Sykes–Picot agreement, 304
‘Winston’s hiccup’, 302
WSC as one of founding fathers, 301
WSC favours use of gas, 314
WSC offered role as Colonial Secretary, 302–3
see also Jews; Palestine
Midland Hotel, Manchester
style, 140–41
temporary address of WSC, 140–41
miners
striking, 83–84
Tonypandy, 36, 142, 147
minimum wages, 143
Minister for Munitions, WSC
appointment, 175–76
media opposition to appointment, 175–76
staying at the Château Verchocq, 156–57
strike by armaments workers, 147–48
supplying British guns with mustard gas, 161–62
Mitford, Unity, 195, 214
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 10, 256, 268
Montagu, Edwin, 89
Montague Browne, Sir Anthony, 300
Morning Post, 37, 72, 175, 199
Mountbatten, Admiral Louis, 1st Earl, 177
Moyne, Lord see Guinness, Walter, 1st Baron Moyne
Munitions Bill, 147–48
Mussolini, Benito, 10, 12–13
mustard gas, 161–62
National Gallery, 29
naval holidays, 164
Nazis
capture of Russian men and territory, 24–5
gains in Europe, 4–5
military development, 28
persecutions, ghettos and deportations, 26
plan for European Reich and client fascist states, 24–27
racially based murder, 237
seriousness of, 139
WSC warnings about, 28, 197, 212–14
see also Germany; Hitler, Adolf
Neutrality Act, 223, 241
New York, 298–99
New Zealand, 37, 200, 204
Nicolson, Sir Harold, 76, 93–94, 210
Nigeria, 162–63
Nobel Prize for Literature: WSC wins, 70–71
Norman, Montagu, 206
Northcote, Sir Stafford, 47
Omaha Beach, 245
Omdurman, Battle of, 61–62, 74
Onassis, Aristotle
global superstar guests on Christina, 297–98
invites WSC to dinner on Christina, 298, 300
oratory skills, WSC
acknowledgement of defects, 88–90
attacking the Tories, 82–84
comparison to Hitler, 89–91
comparison with Lord Randolph, 87
critics of, 90–93
debating at Sandhurst, 85–86
effort and preparation, 85
greatest public speaker, 85
growing reputation, 82–83
House of Commons, 82–84, 86–87, 88–89, 91, 286–88
humour, 93–94
inspirational effect on the people, 93
insults see witty insults WSC
Iron Curtain speech, 272–75
lacking natural talent, 85
Lloyd George on WSC’s oratory skills, 89
lost for words, 84, 88–89
maiden speech in the House of Commons, 86–87
Mansion House speech, 299
methods, 86–91
phrase-making, 76–78, 93–96, 134–35, 137–38, 268
practising, 49
radio addresses, 91–92
remembered for, 89–90
renowned as supernaturally gifted, 85
rhetorical tricks, 95–97
Schuman Plan speech, 286–88
speaking from memory, 88–89
stammers, 86
typewritten notes, 89
war speeches, 92–97, 240–41
Packwood, Allen, 99–100, 132, 139
Pact of Steel, 10
Palestine
1922 White Paper encouraging immigration, 311–12
Balfour declaration, 304–9, 316
Jewish immigration, 310–12, 314–15
Palestinian objections to sharing land with Jews, 307–8
Peel Commission, 312–14
violence, 311–12, 314–15
WSC stresses benefits of land sharing, 307–8
Pearl Harbor, 242–43
Pearman, Violet, 104
Peck, John, 261
Peel Commission, 312–14
People’s Budget, 144–46
Pétain, Marshal Philippe, 220
Peter the Painter, 36
Philip, Terence, 124–26
Placentia Bay, 233
ships’ crews jointly singing hymns, 235–36
Ploegsteert Wood Cemetery (Plugstreet) see Plugstreet (Ploegsteert Wood Cemetery)
Plowden, Pamela, 104, 116–17
Plugstreet (Ploegsteert Wood Cemetery), 167–69, 178–79
fragments of ancient shrapnel, 169
military manoeuvre by WSC, 168–69
no man’s land, 167–68
nocturnal prowling by WSC, 167
slaughter of men, 169
see also tanks
Plumb, Sir John Harold, 70, 80–81
Poland, 268
Potsdam
deaths and homelessness, 265–66
RAF attack on palaces, 265–66
Potsdam Conference, 261–62, 264–65
division of Europe, 267–68
Stalin secures reparations and war booty, 271
Stalin’s plan for killing Germans, 267
United States reveals atomic bomb capability, 270–71
WSC leaves empty-handed, 270
see also Cecilienhof Palace
Pound, Sir Dudley, 224
Primrose League, 49
Prince of Wales, HMS, 233, 236, 243
prison reform, 146–47
prostitution, 86
Pulex europaeus, 105
Pyke, Geoffrey, 177
pykrete, 177–78
Pyramids, 306
Ramsay, Admiral Sir Bertram Home, 248
redistribution of wealth, 144–46
Reid, Walter, 303
Regent’s Park Mosque (London Central Mosque), 311
Regina Palast
WSC stays at, 193–94
WSC waits for Hitler, 195
Reid, Ogden, 323–24
Repulse, HMS, 243
Resolution, HMS, 217
Reynaud, Paul, 12, 220
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 23
Richelieu, 224–25
Roberts, Andrew, 100–101, 331, 336
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 186
Roosevelt, Elliott, 267
Roosevelt, President Franklin D. 186
estrangement of friendship with WSC, 268
illness and death, 267, 268
meetings with WSC, 233–36, 243–45
see also Placentia Bay
Roosevelt, Theodore, 42, 222–23
correspondence from WSC, 223
Rowntree, Seebohm
definition of poor, 149–50
Royal Air Force, 56
Royal Navy: massacre of French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir, 216–18, 225–27, 229–31
Royal Scots Fusiliers, 6th Battalion: WSC commands, 174
ruling classes, British: sentiment for Hitlerism, 16–17, 23
Russia
anti-Semitism, 202, 304–6
British troops in, 202–3
counter-attack by Trotsky, 202–3
counter-revolutionaries, 202
defeat of anti-Bolsheviks, 202–3
Russian Bungle, 202–3
Sackville-West, Vita, 93
San Antonio Churchill cigars, 3
Sandhurst
debating skills of WSC, 85–86
graduation of WSC, 59
nefarious deeds of WSC, 35–36
WSC loses watch, 41
Savrola, 87–88
The Scaffolding of Rhetoric, 86, 93
Schivial, Andrew, 237
Schuman Plan
Conservative Party support for, 286
Hansard record of, 285
House of Commons debate on, 284–85
Labour Party objections to, 285–86
Scott, Captain Jack, 54–55, 65
Sea Lion, Operation, 29, 228
Seal, Eric, 221
Second World War
Allied effort and resources, 255–57
blame for, 165
deaths, 159
legacy, 4–5
propaganda of WSC holding tommy gun, 127–28
USA enters, 242–45
victory parade in Berlin, 260–62
war of the British succession, 300
see also British military
Semiramis Hotel, Cairo: summit convened by WSC, 306–7
Shaw, George Bernard, 132
Sidney Street siege, 36
Siegfried Line, 258–59
Simpson, General William, 259
Simpson, Wallis, 210
Sinclair, Archibald: meeting of the War Cabinet, 8, 14
Smith, Frederick Edwin, 1st Earl of Birkenhead, 57, 108, 131, 134
Sneyd-Kynnersley, Herbert, 64–65
Soames, Sir Nicholas, 2–3, 334, 336–37
social reform, WSC
accused of being soft on young criminals, 146–47
championed by WSC, 150–52
co-founder of the welfare state, 5, 142, 144, 212, 262, 331
influence of Lloyd George on WSC, 142–43
Labour Exchanges, 144
living wage for workers, 143
minimum wage, 143
Munitions Bill, 147–48
pension age reduction, 148
People’s Budget, 144–46
pressure on mine owners exerted by WSC, 147–48
prison reform, 146–47
Trades Board Bill, 143
unemployment insurance, 144
sodomy, 146
Somerville, Admiral James, 218, 225
Soviet Union
Balfour declaration, 305–6
creation of the Eastern bloc, 276
denunciation of WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 276
domination of Eastern Europe, 267–68
Iron Curtain, 268
loss of men and territory to Nazis, 24–25
Nazi puppet regime, 25
WSC feared domination of Europe, 270
see also communism; Russia; Stalin, Josef V.
Spears, General Sir Edward Louis, 132
speeches see oratory skills, WSC
Spens, William, 32
St Stephen’s Club, 31
Stalin, Josef V., 25
agenda for Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, 267–68
division of Europe at Potsdam, 267–68
goes into hiding, 256
mocks British military, 255–56
perception as Uncle Joe in Britain, 269
rise to power, 266–67
skill and charm, 271
Stark, Freya, 124
sterling
Gold Standard and, 205–6
strong pound, 206
Storr, Anthony, 335
Strakosch, Sir Henry, 309
Strand, 131
strikes
armed troops sent by WSC, 142
Clyde armament workers, 147–48
General Strike of 1926, 142
Labour Party criticism of WSC’s handling of, 147
Liverpool dockers, 142, 147
London dockers, 147
miners, 83
Tonypandy riots, 36, 142, 147
violent, 36, 151
suffragettes, 115, 119
summits, WSC’s pursuit of, 256–57, 276–79, 305–7
Sunday Times, The, 175
sweated labour, 143
Sykes–Picot agreement, 304
Talbot, Group Captain A. G., 93
Tank Board, 176
tanks
army committee investigation into, 171
caterpillar tracks, 172–73
contractors engaged, 173
designs produced, 173
experiment begins, 174
introduced into the war, 176
Landships Committee appointed, 172–73
order for prototypes placed by WSC, 173
production, 175–76
project comes to life, 175
project stalls, 173–74
removal of WSC from project, 174
success of, 176–78
Tank Board set up by WSC, 176
Wormwood Scrubs laboratory, 174
WSC’s proposal for, 170–72
Taylor, A. J. P., 300
Temple of Artemis, 112, 114
Tennyson-d’Eyncourt, Sir Eustace
Chair of Landships Committee, 173
letter to WSC, 174–75
project progress, 173
project to build the tank, 173–74
Thatcher, Margaret, 207
Thornycroft, Peter, 276
Times, The, 17, 92, 275
Tirpitz, Admiral von, 164
Tobruk, 254–55
Tonypandy riots, 36, 142, 147
Torch, Operation, 253
Tories see Conservative Party
totalitarianism, 27
Toye, Richard, 91–92
Trades Board Bill, 143
Treaty of Versailles, 158
Trotsky, Leon, 202
Truman, President Harry S., 268, 270–73
denies advance viewing of WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 276–77
invites WSC to speak at Fulton, 272
Turkey, 200
unemployment insurance, 144
unions, 83
WSC’s support for, 83, 147–48
United Europe Movement, 289
United States of America (USA)
atomic bomb capability, 270–71
attitude to Britain, 237–38
blockage of military supplies to the Allies, 222–23
congressmen cheer WSC, 242
destroyers-for-bases deal, 241
disregard for Atlantic Charter, 236
enters Second World War, 242–45
Lend-Lease Act, 242
Neutrality Act, 223, 241
opposition to involvement in First World War, 222
Pearl Harbor, 242–43
perceived underperformance of British soldiers, 255
policeman of the world, 317
reaction to WSC’s Iron Curtain speech, 275–76
relations with the Earl of Halifax, 238
relationship with Soviet Union post-Second World War, 269
reluctance to enter Second World War, 10–11, 222, 236–38
sides with Britain in Second World War, 242–43
spirit of enterprise, 238–40
visits by WSC, 238–40, 243–44
war loans to Britain, 241–42, 268
wooing by WSC, 233–36, 239–45
WSC sends British flotilla to Pearl Harbor, 242–44
WSC stresses bond with Britain, 235–36, 239–41, 243–45, 274–75, 299–300
WSC’s intention to involve USA in Second World War, 232–33
United States of Europe, 288–89
Unthinkable, Operation, 269–270
USSR see Soviet Union
Vansittart, Sir Robert, 11
Versailles, Treaty of, 158
Wall Street Crash, 239
Wall Street Journal, 275
Walsh, David, 222
War Cabinet of Britain
deal or fight choice, 8–9, 11, 21–22
mediation offer via Italy, 11–12, 15–16
meeting, 8, 10, 11–12, 13, 15–16, 17
meeting resumes, 19
war, WSC’s philosophy
defence spending cuts, 164–65
desire to reduce loss of life, 177–79
encourages use of gas, 161–62, 176–79, 202–3, 313–14
excited by, 160–61
Herbert Asquith on, 161
hitting the enemy hard, 161–62
ideological feuds with the Lugards, 162–63
Margot Asquith on, 161
naval holidays, 164
Pat Buchanan on, 160
Peregrine Worsthorne on, 160
reaction to Czech crisis, 165
warlord qualities, 159, 230
warns against rise of Nazism, 197
see also British military; First World War; Second World War
Waugh, Evelyn, 70–71, 91
Webb, Beatrice, 148, 238
Webb, Sydney, 148
Weizmann, Chaim, 315
welfare state, 5, 142, 144, 212, 262, 331
Wells, H. G., 171–72
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 186
Wigram, Ralph, 103, 106
Wildman-Lushington, Gilbert, 57–58
Wilson, General Henry, 213
Wilson, Muriel, 116
Wilson, Woodrow, 158
With Winston Churchill at the Front, 105
Winterton, Edward Turnour, 6th Earl, 146
witty insults, WSC
Bessie Braddock, 1, 134
Captain A. G. Talbot, 93
Charles de Gaulle, 132
George Bernard Shaw, 132
hostess on United States lecture tour, 135
Lord Privy Seal, 1, 135
Nancy Astor, 131, 324–25
Ramsay MacDonald, 136
Stafford Cripps, 136
Woodring, Harry, 222
work rate, WSC
memory recall, 186–87
mental energy, 334–35
reading, 186
response to Foreign Office about place names, 189–90
stamina and drive, 188–89, 285
summits, 256–57
typical day, 182–85
writing, 185–86
working classes
minimum wage, 143
strikes, 36, 83, 147–48, 151
unemployment insurance, 144
see also strikes
Wormwood Scrubs laboratory, 174
Worsthorne, Peregrine, 160
writings, WSC
critics of, 70–71, 80
deployment and coordination of, 81
dictating to typists, 69, 81, 182–85
motivation for, 79–80
Savrola, 87–88
The Scaffolding of Rhetoric, 86, 93
typesetting, 69–70
volume of, 117, 185–86
see also journalism, WSC
Yalta, 267
Ypres, 176
Yudenitch, General Nikolai, 203
Zionism, 308–13