The Hero with a Thousand Faces

BIBLIOGRAPHY Note on Method and Organization

The primary purpose of this list is to help readers find the sources that Campbell used to write this book. It also shows the remarkable breadth of reading — in mythology, ethnology, folklore, the modern and medieval literatures of Europe, psychology, philosophy, and religious scriptures of the Occident and Orient — that he incorporated into his first major independent work.

The book went through many revisions between the first draft in 1944, when it was known as How to Read a Myth, and its publication by the Bollingen Foundation in 1949. A letter in the Opus Archives written to Campbell’s friend Henry Morton Robinson dated March 13, 1946, indicates that he had originally planned to cite fewer sources by relying heavily on the thirteen-volume set The Mythology of All Races, published between 1916 and 1932 under the editorship of Louis Gray and John McCulloch. Unfortunately, the Macmillan Company had bought the republication rights to the set, and they refused to give him permission to make quotations while they considered putting out a new edition, forcing Campbell to track down new sources to illustrate his arguments.

The list comprises all of the citations in this third edition of Hero, except for a few minor ones. It includes those works from which a significant quotation is drawn, works that are cited more than once, and works that had a major effect on his thinking. Secondary citations (where Campbell cites a source “as quoted in” another work) were not included, although the works in which Campbell found them are included. When the second edition was published in 1968, Campbell made most of his citations from the writings of C.G. Jung as they appeared in The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, while he took his citations from Freud’s writings from The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud.

The list is in four sections. The first includes those works cited by Campbell for which a particular edition is identified. Except as noted, these have been verified either from library catalogs or from books in Joseph Campbell’s personal book collection, preserved at the Opus Archives.

The second section lists journal articles cited within the book. Most of these have not been verified.

Because of the difficulty in alphabetizing canonical works, these form the third section, arranged by religious tradition. This section contains works of religious scripture cited by Campbell. The works have been further broken down by faith or tradition. Since Campbell used sources available half a century ago, I have indicated the mod-ern forms of the titles used in the Collected Works of Joseph Campbell, as well, when those vary, as those used by the Library of Congress, and noted when reprints or more recent translations are available.

With well-known literary works and religious canon, Campbell sometimes cited the work without giving an edition. I have listed these separately in the fourth section. My comments appear in brackets with the initials R.B.

— Richard Buchen, Special Collections Librarian, Joseph Campbell Collection of the Opus Archives and Research Center on the campuses of Pacifica Graduate Institute, Santa Barbara, California Main Bibliographic List

Anderson, Johannes C. Maori Life in Ao-Tea. Christchurch, [N.Z.]: n.d.

Apuleius. The Golden Ass of Apuleius. Translated by W. Adlington. New York: The Modern Library, n.d.

Aristotle. Aristotle on the Art of Poetry. Translated by Ingram Bywater, with a Preface by Gilbert Murray. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1920.

Arnold, Thomas Walker, and Alfred Guillaume, eds. The Legacy of Islam. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1931.

Bain, F. W. A Digit of the Moon and Other Love Stories from the Hindoo. New York and London: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1910.

Bastian, Adolf. Ethnische Elementargedanken in der Lehre vom Menschen. Berlin: Weidmann, 1895.

Bédier, Joseph. Les légendes épiques: Recherches sur la formation des chansons de geste. 3rd ed. Paris: H. Champion, 1926.

Bellows, Henry Adams, ed. The Poetic Edda, Scandinavian Classics, 21/22. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1923.

Bhagavad Gītā: Bhagavad Gita: Translated from the Sanskrit with Notes, Comments, and Introduction by Swami Nikhilananda. New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center, 1944.

Boas, Franz. The Mind of Primitive Man. New York: Macmillan, 1911.

——— . Race, Language and Culture. New York: Macmillan, 1940.

Book of the Dead: See Budge, E.A. Wallis, The Papyrus of Ani.

Breasted, James Henry. Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1912.

Bṛhadāranyaka Upaniṣad: The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad: With the Commentary of Shankaracharya. Translated by Swami Madhavananda, with an Introd. by S. Kuppuswami Shastri. Translated by Madhavananda. Mayavati: Advaita Ashrama, [1934?].

Bryan, William Frank, and Germaine Dempster. Sources and Analogues of Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales.” Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1941.

Budge, E.A. Wallis, ed., The Gods of the Egyptians. London: Methuen, 1904.

——— . The Papyrus of Ani. Translated by E.A. Wallis Budge. New York: Putnam, 1913.

Burlingame, Eugene Watson, ed. Buddhist Parables. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1922.

Burton, Richard Francis. See Thousand Nights and a Night.

Callaway, Henry. Nursery Tales, Traditions, and Histories of the Zulus, in Their Own Words, with a Translation into English, and Notes, by Canon Callaway. Springvale, Natal: J.A. Blair; London: Trübner, 1868.

Campbell, Joseph. “Folkloristic Commentary.” Grimm’s Fairy Tales, by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, pp. 833–64. New York: Pantheon, 1944.

Catholic Church. Saint Andrew Daily Missal, by Dom Gaspar Lefebvre O.S.B. of the Abbey of S. André. Bruges, Belgium: Abbey of St. André; St. Paul: E.M. Lohmann Co., [1943?].

Chavannes, Edouard. Les mémoires historiques de Se-Ma-Ts’ien. Translated by Edouard Chavannes. Paris: E. Leroux, 1895.

Codrington, R.H. The Melanesians: Studies in Their Anthropology and Folk-Lore. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1891.

Collocott, E.E.V. Tales and Poems of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 46. Honolulu, HI: The Museum, 1928.

Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish. Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1916.

——— . The Dance of Siva: Fourteen Indian Essays. New York: Sunwise Turn, 1924.

——— . Hinduism and Buddhism. New York: Philosophical Library, n.d.

——— . Spiritual Authority and Temporal Power in the Indian Theory of Government. American Oriental Series, V. 22. New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society, 1942.

Curtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland. Boston: Little, Brown, 1890.

Dante Alighieri. The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. Translated by Charles Eliot Norton. Rev. ed. 3 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Co., 1902.

Dimnet, Ernest. The Art of Thinking. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1929.

Edda, Poetic. See Bellows, Henry Adams.

Edda, Prose. See Sturluson, Snorri.

Eddington, Arthur Stanley. The Nature of the Physical World. Gifford Lectures, 1927. New York: Macmillan, 1928.

Edwards, Jonathan. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: A Sermon Preached at Enfield, July 8th. 2nd ed. Boston: n.p., 1742.

Eliot, T.S. “The Waste Land (1922).” In Collected Poems, 1909–1935. New York: Harcourt, Brace, [n.d.].

Evans-Wentz, W.Y., ed. Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines, or, Seven Books of Wisdom of the Great Path, According to the Late Lama Kazi Dawa-Samdup’s English Rendering. London: Oxford University Press, 1935.

——— , ed. Tibet’s Great Yogi, Milarepa: A Biography from the Tibetan; Being the Jetsün-Kahbum or Biographical History of Jetsün-Milarepa According to the Late Lama Kazi Dawa-Samdup’s English Rendering. London: Oxford University Press, 1928.

Firdausi. The Shah Nameh of the Persian Poet Firdausi. Translated by James Atkinson. London, New York: F. Warne, 1886.

Fletcher, Alice C. The Hako: A Pawnee Ceremony. Bureau of American Ethnology Annual Report. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904.

Flügel, J.C. The Psycho-Analytic Study of the Family. 4th ed. The International Psycho-Analytical Library, no. 3. London: L. and Virginia Woolf, at the Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1931.

Fosdick, Harry Emerson. As I See Religion. New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1932.

Frazer, James George. The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion. Abridged ed. New York: Macmillan, 1922.

Freud, Sigmund. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 18, edited and translated by James Strachey et al. London: The Hogarth Press, 1955. Originally published 1920.

——— . The Future of an Illusion. In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 21, edited and translated by James Strachey et al. London: Hogarth Press, 1961, pp. 1–56. Originally published 1927.

——— . The Interpretation of Dreams. In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud. Edited and translated by James Strachey et al. London: The Hogarth Press, 1953. Originally published 1900.

——— . The Interpretation of Dreams (second part). In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 5, edited and translated by James Strachey et al. London: Hogarth Press, 1953. Originally published 1900–1901.

——— . Introductory Lectures on Psycho-analysis (part III). In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 16, edited and translated by James Strachey et al. London: Hogarth Press, 1963. Originally published 1916–1917.

——— . Moses and Monotheism. In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 23, edited and translated by James Strachey et al., pp. 1–137. London: Hogarth Press, 1964. Originally published 1939.

——— . The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 6, edited and translated by James Strachey et al. London: Hogarth Press, 1960. Originally published 1901.

——— . “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality.” In The Standard Edition of the Collected Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 7, edited and translated by James Strachey et al., pp. 123–245. London: Hogarth Press, 1953. Originally published 1905.

Frobenius, Leo. Das unbekannte Afrika: Aufhellung der Schicksale eines Erdteils. Veröffentlichung des Forschungsinstitutes für Kulturmorphologie. Munich: Oskar Beck, 1923.

——— . Und Afrika sprach. Berlin: Vita, 1912.

——— . Das Zeitalter des Sonnengottes. Berlin: G. Reimer, 1904.

Frobenius, Leo, and Douglas Claughton Fox. African Genesis. New York: Stackpole Sons, 1937.

Gennep, Arnold van. Les rites de passage. Paris: É. Nourry, 1909.

Giles, Herbert Allen. A Chinese Biographical Dictionary. London: B. Quaritch; Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1898.

Ginsburg, Christian D. The Kabbalah: Its Doctrines, Development, and Literature. London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1920.

Ginzberg, Louis. The Legends of the Jews. Translated by Henrietta Szold and Paul Radin. 7 vols. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1911.

Gray, Louis H., and J.A. MacCulloch, eds. The Mythology of All Races. 13 vols. Boston: Archaeological Institute of America; Marshall Jones Company, 1916–1932. Contents:

I. Greek and Roman, by William Sherwood Fox. 1916.

II. Eddic, by J.A. MacCulloch. 1930.

III. Celtic, by J.A. MacCulloch; Slavic, by Jan Máchal. 1918.

IV. Finno-Ugric, Siberian, by Uno Holmberg. 1927.

V. Semitic, by S.H. Langdon. 1931.

VI. Indian, by A.B. Keith; Iranian, by A.J. Carnvy. 1917.

VII. Armenian, by M.H. Ananikian; African, by Alice Werner. 1925.

VIII. Chinese, by J.C. Ferguson; Japanese, by Masaharu Anesaki. 1928.

IX. Oceanic, by R.B. Dixon. 1916.

X. North American, by H.B. Alexander. 1916.

XI. Latin-American, by H.B. Alexander. 1920.

XII. Egyptian, by W.M. Müller; Indo-Chinese, by J.G. Scott. 1918.

XIII. Complete index to volumes I–XII. 1932.

Grey, George. Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand Race, as Furnished by Their Priests and Chiefs. London: J. Murray, 1855.

Grimm, Jacob, and Wilhelm Grimm. Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Unabridged edition. New York: Pantheon Books, 1944.

Grinnell, George Bird. Blackfoot Lodge Tales: The Story of a Prairie People. New York: Scribner, 1892.

Guest, Charlotte. See Mabinogion.

Gutmann, Bruno. Volksbuch der Wadschagga: Sagen, Märchen, Fabeln und Schwänke den Dschagganegern nacherzählt. Leipzig: Verlag der Evang.-Luth. Mission, 1914.

Harrison, Jane Ellen. Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922.

——— . Themis: A Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion. 2nd rev. ed. London: Cambridge University Press, 1927.

Harva, Uno. Der Baum des Lebens. Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia, Annales; Sarja B, Nide 16, 3. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1923.

——— . Die religiösen Vorstellungen der altaischen Völker. FF Communications no. 125. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1938.

Hastings, James, ed. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. 13 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1928.

Hearn, Lafcadio. Japan, an Attempt at Interpretation. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1904.

Hirth, Friedrich. The Ancient History of China to the End of the Chou Dynasty. New York: The Columbia University Press, 1908.

Holmberg, Uno. See: Harva, Uno.

Homer. The Odyssey of Homer. Translated by Samuel Henry Butcher and Andrew Lang. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1879.

Hull, Eleanor. The Cuchullin Saga in Irish Literature: Being a Collection of Stories Relating to the Hero Cuchullin. London: D. Nutt, 1898.

Hume, Robert Ernest, ed. The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Translated from the Sanskrit with an Outline of the Philosophy of the Upanishads. 2nd ed. London; New York: Oxford University Press, 1931.

Jeffers, Robinson. The Roan Stallion...and Other Poems. New York: Horace Liveright, 1925.

Jensen, Peter Christian Albrecht. Assyrisch-babylonische Mythen und Epen. Kellinschriftliche Bibliothek Bd. VI, I. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard, 1900.

Ježower, Ignaz. Das Buch der Träume. Berlin: E. Rowohlt, 1928.

Johnson, Obed Simon. A Study of Chinese Alchemy. Shanghai, China: n.p., 1928.

Joyce, James. Finnegans Wake. New York: The Viking Press, 1939.

——— . A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: Modern Library, [1928?].

——— . Ulysses. New York: Modern Library, [n.d.].

Joyce, Thomas Athol. Mexican Archaeology, an Introduction to the Archaeology of the Mexican and Mayan Civilizations of Pre-Spanish America. London: P. L. Warner, 1914.

Jung, Carl Gustav. “Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious.” In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, vol. 9, part I, edited by Herbert Read et al., translated by R.F.C. Hull, pp. 3–41. Bollingen Series 20. New York: Pantheon, 1959. (Originally written 1934.)

——— . The Integration of the Personality. New York, Toronto: Farrar and Rinehart, 1939. Republished, with revisions, in vol. 9, part i, of the Collected Works.

——— . “On Psychic Energy.” In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, vol. 8, edited by Herbert Read et al., translated by R.F.C. Hull, 3–66. Bollingen Series 20. New York: Pantheon, 1960. (Originally written 1928.)

——— . Psychological Types, or, the Psychology of Individuation, translated by H. Godwin Baynes. London: K. Paul, Trench Trübner; New York: Harcourt Brace, [1946?]. Republished as vol. 6 of The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. (Originally written 1921.)

——— . Psychology and Alchemy. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, vol. 12, edited by Herbert Read et al., translated by R.F.C. Hull. Bollingen Series 20. New York: Pantheon, 1953. (Originally written 1935–1936.)

——— . “Psychology and Religion.” In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, vol. 11, edited by Herbert Read et al., translated by R.F.C. Hull, 3–105. Bollingen Series 20. New York: Pantheon, 1958. (Originally written 1938.)

——— . Symbols of Transformation. In The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, edited by Herbert Read et al., translated by R.F.C. Hull. 2nd ed., vol. 5, Bollingen Series 20. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967. (Originally written 1912.)

Kakuzo, Okakura. See Okakura, Kakuzo.

Kalevala. Kalevala, the Land of Heroes. Translated by William Forsell Kirby. Everyman’s Library. London & Toronto: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1907.

Kalidasa. The Birth of the War-God: A Poem. Translated by Ralph T.H. Griffith. 2nd ed. London: Trübner, 1897. (Edition not verified. The quotation is possibly from the 1879 edition listed in the UCLA library catalog.)

Kato, Genchi. What Is Shintōo? Tourist Library 8. Tokyo: Maruzen Co., Ltd., 1935.

Kena Upaniṣad. Kena-Upanishad, with Sanskrit Text, Paraphrase with Word-for-Word Literal Translation, English Rendering, and Comments. Translated by Sharvananda. Mylapore, Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math, 1932.

Kimmins, Charles William. Children’s Dreams. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1937.

King, Jeff, Maud Oakes, and Joseph Campbell. Where the Two Came to Their Father: A Navaho War Ceremonial. 2nd ed. Bollingen Series, vol. I. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969. (Originally published 1943.)

King, L. W. Babylonian Religion and Mythology. Books on Egypt and Chaldaea, vol. 4. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1899.

Kingsborough, Edward King. Antiquities of Mexico: Comprising Fac-Similes of Ancient Mexican Paintings and Hieroglyphics. 9 vols. London: R. Havell [etc.], 1831–1848.

Klein, Melanie. The Psycho-Analysis of Children. International Psycho-Analytical Library, no. 22. London: L. & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1932.

Knight, W.F. Jackson. Cumaean Gates: A Reference of the Sixth Aeneid to the Initiation Pattern. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1936.

Koran. The Holy Qur-An: Text, Translation and Commentary. Translated by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. 2 vols. New York: Hafner Pub. Co., [1946].

Kramer, Samuel Noah. Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium, B.C. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, vol. XXI. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1944.

Lang, Andrew. Custom and Myth. 2nd ed. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1885.

Lao Tse. Laotzu’s Tao and Wu Wei. Translated by Dwight Goddard. New York: Brentano’s, 1919.

Layard, John. Stone Men of Malekula. London: Chatto & Windus, 1942.

Loomis, Gertrude Schoepperle. Tristan and Isolt: A Study of the Sources of the Romance. Frankfurt a. M.: J. Baer & Co., 1913.

Mabinogion. The Mabinogion. Translated by Charlotte Elizabeth Guest Schreiber. Everyman’s Library. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1906.

MacGowan, J. The Imperial History of China. 2nd ed. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1906.

Malory, Thomas. Le Morte D’Arthur. Everyman’s Library. London, Toronto: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1919.

Mather, Cotton. The Wonders of the Invisible World: Observations as Well Historical as Theological Upon the Nature, the Number, and the Operations of the Devils...Boston, 1693.

Mathers, S.L. MacGregor. Kabbala Denudata, the Kabbalah Unveiled, Containing the Following Books of the Zohar. 1. The Book of Concealed Mystery. 2. The Greater Holy Assembly. 3. The Lesser Holy Assembly. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, [1887?].

Matthews, Washington. Navaho Legends. Boston, New York: Published for the American Folk-Lore Society by Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1897.

Meier, Joseph. Mythen und Erzählungen der Küstenbewohner der Gazelle-Halbinsel (Neu-Pommern). Münster i. W.: Aschendorff, 1909.

Menninger, Karl A. Love Against Hate. New York: Harcourt, 1942.

Morley, Sylvanus Griswold. An Introduction to the Study of the Maya Hieroglyphs. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 57. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1915.

Müller, F. Max, ed. Buddhist Mahāyāna Texts, The Sacred Books of the East, vol. 49. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1894.

——— pt. 1. The Buddha-karita of Asvaghosha, translated from the Sanskrit by E.B. Cowell.

——— pt. 2. The larger Sukhāvatī-vyūha, the smaller Sukhāvatāi-vyūha, the Vagrakkedikā, the larger Pragñā-Pāramitā-Hridaya-Sūra, the smaller Pragñā-Pāramitā-Hridaya-Sūtra, translated by F. Max Müller. The Amitāyur Dhyāna-Sūtra, translated by J. Takakusu.

——— , ed. The Dhammapada. Translated by Max Müller. The Sacred Books of the East, vol. 10. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1881.

Nelson, Ansgar. See Reinhold, Hans Ansgar.

Nivedita, and Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy. Myths of the Hindus & Buddhists. New York: Henry Holt, 1914.

O’Grady, Standish Hayes, ed. and trans. Silva Gadelica (I.–XXXI.): A Collection of Tales in Irish with Extracts Illustrating Persons and Places. London: Williams and Norgate, 1892.

Okakura, Kakuzo. The Book of Tea. New York: Duffield, 1906.

Opler, Morris Edward. Myths and Tales of the Jicarilla Apache Indians. Memoirs of the American Folk-Lore Society, vol. XXXI. New York: American Folk-Lore Society, 1938.

Ovid. Metamorphoses. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. The Loeb Classical Library. London: W. Heinemann, 1933.

Pallis, Marco. Peaks and Lamas. 4th ed. London: Cassell, 1946.

Parsons, Elsie Clews. Tewa Tales. Memoirs of the American Folk-Lore Society, vol. XIX. New York: American Folk-Lore Society, 1926.

Peake, Harold, and H.J. Fleure. Merchant Venturers in Bronze. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1931.

——— The Way of the Sea. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1929.

Perry, W.J. The Children of the Sun. London: Methuen & Co., 1923.

Phillips, Robert. American Government and Its Problems. Rev. ed. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1941.

Pierce, Frederick. Dreams and Personality: A Study of Our Dual Lives. New York, London: D. Appleton and Company, 1931.

Pinkerton, John. A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World. 17 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, 1808. [An important source for the myths of Lappland and Siberia — R.B.].

Polack, J.S. Manners and Customs of the New Zealanders: With Notes Corroborative of Their Habits, Usages, etc. London: J. Madden, 1840.

Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. The Andaman Islanders. 2nd ed. Cambridge: University Press, 1933.

Ramakrishna. The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna. Translated by Swami Nikhilananda. New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center, 1942.

Rank, Otto. Art and Artist: Creative Urge and Personality Development. Translated by Charles Francis Atkinson. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1943.

——— . The Myth of the Birth of the Hero: A Psychological Interpretation of Mythology. Translated by F. Robbins and Smith Ely Jelliffe. Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series, no. 18. New York: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, 1914.

Reinhold, Hans Ansgar, ed. The Soul Afire: Revelations of the Mystics. [New York]: Pantheon Books, 1944.

Róheim, Géza. The Eternal Ones of the Dream: A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Australian Myth and Ritual. New York: International Universities Press, 1945.

——— . The Origin and Function of Culture. New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Monographs, 1943. (Originally published in 1942.)

——— . War, Crime and the Covenant. Journal of Clinical Psychopathology Monograph Series, no. 1. Monticello, NY: Medical Journal Press, 1945.

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. Dante and His Circle: With the Italian Poets Preceding Him (1100–1200–1300). A Collection of Lyrics, ed., and tr. in the Original Metres. London: Ellis and White, 1874.

Sadananda. Vedantasara of Sadananda with Introduction, Text, English Translation and Comments by Swami Nikhilananda. Mayavati: Advaita Ashrama, 1931.

Sahagún, Bernardino de. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España. México, D.F.: P. Robredo, 1938.

Sankaracarya. Vivekachudamani, of Sri Sankaracharya: Text with English Translation, Notes and Index by Swami Madhavananda. Mayavati: Advaita Ashrama, 1932.

Schoepperle, Gertrude. See Loomis, Gertrude Schoepperle.

Schultze, Leonhard. Aus Namaland und Kalahari. Bericht an die Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin über eine Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika, ausgeführt in den Jahren 1903–1905. Jena: G. Fischer, 1907.

Scott, David Clement Ruffelle. A Cyclopaedic Dictionary of the Mang’anja Language Spoken in British Central Africa. Edinburgh: The Foreign Mission Committee of the Church of Scotland, 1892.

Shrichakrasambhara Tantra: A Buddhist Tantra. Edited by John Woodroffe. Translated by Kazi Dawa-Samdup. Tantrik Texts, vol. 7. London: Luzac & Co., 1919.

Spencer, Baldwin, and Francis James Gillen. The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People. 2 vols. London: Macmillan, 1927.

——— . The Native Tribes of Central Australia. London: Macmillan, 1899.

Spengler, Oswald. The Decline of the West. Translated by Charles Francis Atkinson. 2 vols. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1926–1928.

Stekel, Wilhelm. Fortschritte und Technik der Traumdeutung. Wien: n.p., 1935.

——— . Die Sprache des Traumes: Eine Darstellung der Symbolik und Deutung des Traumes in ihren Beziehungen zur kranken und gesunden Seele. Wiesbaden: J.F. Bergmann, 1911.

Stevenson, (Mrs.) Sinclair. The Heart of Jainism. London, New York: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1915.

Stimson, J.F., Edwin G. Burrows, and Kenneth Pike Emory. The Legends of Maui and Tahaki. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 127. Honolulu, Hawaii: The Museum, 1934.

Sturluson, Snorri. The Prose Edda. Translated by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1929.

Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Essays in Zen Buddhism. London: Luzac and Company, 1927.

Taylor, Richard. Te ika a Maui, or, New Zealand and its Inhabitants. London: n.p., 1855.

Thompson, Stith. Tales of the North American Indians. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1929.

Thousand Nights and a Night: A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights Entertainments, Now Entituled the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night. Translated by Richard Francis Burton. 10 vols. Benares: Printed by the Kamashastra Society for private subscribers only, 1885. (Probably the edition referred to as “Bombay, 1885.”)

Toynbee, Arnold Joseph. A Study of History. London: Oxford University Press, 1934.

Underhill, Evelyn. Mysticism: A Study in the Nature and Development of Man’s Spiritual Consciousness. New York: Dutton, 1911.

Warner, W. Lloyd. A Black Civilization: A Social Study of an Australian Tribe. New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1937.

Warren, Henry Clarke, ed. Buddhism in Translations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1896.

Werner, Edward Theodore Chalmers. A Dictionary of Chinese Mythology. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1932.

White, John. The Ancient History of the Maori, His Mythology and Traditions. Wellington: G. Didsbury, 1887.

Wilhelm, Richard. Chinesische Volksmärchen. Jena: E. Diederichs, 1921.

Windisch, Wilhelm Oscar Ernst. Die altirische Heldensage Táin bó Cúalnge. Nach dem Buch von Leinster... Irische Texte, Extraband zu Serie I bis IV. Leipzig: n.p., 1905.

Wood, Clement. Dreams: Their Meaning and Practical Application. New York: Greenberg, 1931.

Woodroffe, John George. Shakti and Shākta. 3rd ed. Madras: Ganesh, 1929.

Young, Hugh. Genital Abnormalities, Hermaphroditism & Related Adrenal Diseases. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Company, 1937.

Zimmer, Heinrich Robert. The King and the Corpse: Tales of the Soul’s Conquest of Evil. Edited by Joseph Campbell. Bollingen Series, vol. XI. [New York]: Pantheon Books, 1948.

——— . Maya: Der indische Mythos. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1936.

——— . Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. Edited by Joseph Campbell. Bollingen Series, vol VI. [New York]: Pantheon Books, 1946.

Zirus, Werner. Ahasverus, der ewige Jude. Stoff- und Motivgeschichte der deutschen Literatur, 6. Berlin and Leipzig: W. de Gruyter & Co., 1930. Journal Articles

Capus, A. “Contes, chants et proverbes des Basumbua dans l’Afrique orientale.” Zeitschrift fur afrikanische und oceanische Sprachen, vol. 3 (1897).

Chamberlain, B.H “Ko-ji-ki: Records of Ancient Matters.” Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan. Vol. 10, Supplement (1883). (Copy in the Opus Archive is reprinted, with different pagination, by the Asiatic Society of Japan, 1906.)

Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish. “Akimcanna: Self Naughting.” New Indian Antiquary, vol. 3 (1940). (Reprinted in Coomaraswamy: Selected Papers, Bollingen Series, LXXXIX. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.)

——— . “A Note on the Stick Fast Motif.” Journal of American Folklore, vol. 57 (1944).

——— . “On the One and Only Transmigrant.” Supplement to the Journal of the American Oriental Society (April–June 1944). (Reprinted in Coomaraswamy: Selected Papers, 2, Metaphysics. )

——— . “Symbolism of the Dome.” Indian Historical Quarterly, vol. 14 (March 1938).

Coomaraswamy, L. “The Perilous Bridge of Welfare.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 8 (1944). (By Doña Luisa Coomaraswamy, wife of Ananda Coomaraswamy, cited as D.L. Coomaraswamy.)

Emory, Kenneth. “The Tahitian Account of Creation by Mare.” Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 47, no. 2 (June 1938).

——— . “The Tuamotuan Creation Charts by Paiore.” Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 48, no. 1 (March 1939): 1–29.

Espinosa, Aurelio. “A New Classification of the Fundamental Elements of the Tar-Baby Story on the Basis of Two Hundred and Sixty-seven Versions.” Journal of American Folklore, vol. 56 (1943).

——— . “Notes on the Origin and History of the Tar-Baby Story.” Journal of American Folklore, vol. 43 (1930).

Forke, Alfred. “Ko Hung der Philosoph und Alchimist.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, vol. 41, nos. 1–2 (1932): 115–126.

Meissner, Bruno. “Ein altbabylonisches Fragment des Gilgamosepos.” Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft, vol. 7, no. 1 (1902).

Salmony, Alfred. “Die Rassenfrage in der Indienforschung.” Sozialistische Monatshefte, vol. 8 (1926).

Stein, Leon. “Hassidic Music.” Chicago Jewish Forum, vol. 2, no. 1 (1943). Canonical Works and Religious Scriptures Hindu

[Campbell could not translate Sanskrit well, but he had worked closely with three scholars who did. At the time he was writing The Hero with a Thousand Faces, he was editing the unpublished works and lecture notes of the recently deceased Sanskrit scholar Heinrich Zimmer (died 1943), and he was also corresponding with Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, Curator of Asian Art at the Boston Museum of Fine Art. He was also helping with a translation of the Upaniṣads (including the commentary of the great Vedantist scholar Śaṅkaracharya, fl. c. a.d. 800) by Swami Nikhilananda of the Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center in New York (New York: Harper, 1949–1959; reprinted by Dover Publications, 2003).

Other translations of the Upaniṣads include Robert Hume’s Thirteen Principal Upanishads (revised edition 1931; reprinted 1983) and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s The Principal Upanisads (New York, 1953, reprinted Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1992) — R.B.] Āranyakas

Aitareya Āranyaka (Aitareyāranyaka). The text quoted is found in a footnote attributed to Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy on page 48 of Heinrich Zimmer, The King and the Corpse. Brāhmaṇas

Jaiminīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa (Jaiminīyabrāhmana Upanisadbrāhmana). This Brāhmaṇa is related to the Jaiminīyabrāhmana. Quotation from an unknown source. [A text and translation with different wording by Hanns Örtel, “The Jāiminīya or Talavakāra Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa” (Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 16, no. 1, 1894), is in Campbell’s book collection and was cited by Zimmer in a lecture delivered at the Eranos Conference of 1938. — R.B.] Mahābhārata

Bhagavad Gītā (Bhagavadgītā). Quotations are from The Bhagavad Gita. Translated by Swami Nikhilananda (New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center, 1944). Purāṇa

Most quotations are from Heinrich Zimmer’s Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. Upaniṣads

Bṛhadāranyaka Upaniṣad (Brhadaranyakopanisad). Quotations are from The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Translated by Swami Madhavananda (Mayavati: Advaita Ashrama, [1934?]).

Chāndogya Upaniṣad (Chāndogyopanisad). Quotations are from Robert Ernest Hume (ed. and trans.), Thirteen Principal Upanishads (Oxford University Press, 1931).

Katha Upaniṣad (Kathopanisad). From Hume.

Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad (Kausītakibrāmanopanisad). From Hume. There are few other translations of this text.

Kena Upaniṣad (Kenopanisad). Quotations from Kena-Upanishad. Translated by Swami Sharvananda. Mylapore, Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math, 1932.

Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad (Māndūkyopanisad), from Hume.

Mundaka Upaniṣad (Mundakopanisad), from Hume.

Taittirīya Upaniṣad (Taittirīyopanisad), from Hume. Buddhist Jātakas (Lives of the Buddha)

Quotations are from Henry Clarke Warren, ed., Buddhism in Translations; and Eugene Watson Burlingame, Buddhist Parables. Sutras

[The Mahāyāna sūtras are translated from Sanskrit. Many translations are available, although most of these are translations from the Chinese versions, which often vary somewhat from the Sanskrit originals. The Dhammapada was translated from the Pāli language. — R.B.]

Amitāyur-dhyāna Sūtra (Amitāyurdhyānasūtra). In Max Müller, ed., Buddhist Mahāyāna Texts.

Dhammapada. In Max Müller, ed. and trans., The Dhammapada. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1881. Reprinted with revisions, Woodstock, VT, 2002.

Larger Sukhāvatī-vyūha (Sukhāvatīvyūha [Larger]). In Max Müller, ed., Buddhist Mahāyāna Texts.

Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sūtra (Hrdaya, or Heart Sutra). In Max Müller, ed., Buddhist Mahāyāna Texts.

Smaller Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sūtra (Hrdaya). In Max Müller, ed., Buddhist Mahāyāna Texts.

Vajracchedikā (“The Diamond Cutter”) (Vajracchedikā, also called the “Diamond Sūtra”). In Max Müller, ed., Buddhist Mahāyāna Texts. A more recent translation by Edward Conze was published in Buddhist Wisdom: Containing the Diamond Sutra and the Heart Sutra (New York, 2001). Tantras

Cakrasamvāra Tantra (Cakrasamvāratantra). Quotations are from Shricha-krasambhara Tantra: A Buddhist Tantra, Edited Kazi Dawa-Samdup (London, 1919; reprinted New Delhi, 1987). Taoist

Tao Teh Ching (Tao Te Ching, sometimes known as the Lao Tzu or [in the Pinyin Romanization] the Laozi, after its author). Quotations attributed to Laotzu’s Tao and Wu Wei. Translated by Dwight Goddard (New York, 1919). Jewish

Midrash Rabbah, commentary on Genesis (Midrash Rabbah, Genesis). Campbell’s source is uncertain. There is a recent translation by Jacob Neusner, Genesis Rabbah: The Judaic Commentary to the Book of Genesis (Atlanta: Scholar Press for Brown Judaic Studies, 1985).

Zohar. Quotations from C.G. Ginsburg, The Kabbalah: Its Doctrines, Development, and Literature (London, 1920); also from MacGregor Mathers, Kabbala Denudata, the Kabbalah Unveiled, which uses a different versification from the standard one. Christian

Bible. The King James version is quoted.

Catholic Daily Missal. Probably Saint Andrew Daily Missal, by Dom Gaspar Lefebvre O.S.B. of the Abbey of S. André (Bruges, Belgium: Abbey of St. André; Saint Paul, MN: E.M. Lohmann Co., [1943?]).

Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew. Edition uncertain.

Roman Missal. Edition uncertain. Islamic

Koran. Quotations match the text of The Holy Qur-An: Text, Translation and Commentary. Translated by Abdullah Yusuf Ali (New York, [1946?]). Works Cited Without Edition

Anthologia Graeca ad Fidem Codicis, vol. II.

Apollonios of Rhodes (Apollonius Rhodius). Argonautika.

Blake, William. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell.

Carlyle, Thomas. On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History.

Epiphanius. Adversus Heareses (apocryphal Gospel of Eve quoted).

Euripides. The Bacchae (translated by Gilbert Murray).

Flaubert, Gustave. La tentation de Saint Antoine.

Gesta Romanorum.

Grimm’s Fairy Tales. “The Frog King.” [Campbell’s quotations from this story do not match the text of the 1944 Pantheon edition, nor the older text of the Hunt translation. It is possible that he was translating from a German edition. — R.B.]

Heraclitus (fragments).

Hesiod. Theogony.

Irving, Washington. “Rip van Winkle.” In The Sketch Book.

Jeffers, Robinson. Cawdor. Copyright 1928.

Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. The Song of Hiawatha.

Martial. Epigrams (Loeb Library edition).

Nietzsche, Friedrich. Thus Spake Zarathustra.

Plato. Symposium.

Plutarch. “Themistocles.”

Rumi. Mathnawi.

Shakespeare. Hamlet.

Sophocles. Oedipus Coloneus.

——— . Oedipus Tyrannus.

Thomas Aquinas. Summa Contra Gentiles.

Thompson, Francis. The Hound of Heaven.

Virgil. Aeneid.

Voragine, Jacobus de. The Golden Legend. No edition is given for this influential medieval compilation of the lives of saints. Campbell owned a 1925 French edition entitled La légende dorée, traduite du latin par Teodor de Wyzewa (Paris: Perrin, 1925).