Zhivago Affair: The Kremlin, the CIA, and the Battle over a Forbidden Book

Index

Abakumov, Viktor, 4.1, 4.2

Adolf-Nadezhdina, Nadezhda

Adzhubei, Alexei, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1

AEDINOSAUR

Agapov, Boris

Agnelli, Gianni

Akhmatova, Anna, prl.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1

and Mandelstam, 2.1, 3.1

and Pasternak’s poems

persecution of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 13.1

poems by

Zhivago unappreciated by

Alicata, Mario, 7.1, 7.2

Allén, Sture

Alliluyeva, Anna

Alliluyeva, Nadya

Amado, Jorge

American Committee for Cultural Freedom

American Committee for Liberation, 8.1, 8.2

Angleton, James Jesus

Asmus, Valentin

Babel, Isaak, prl.1, 2.1

Balzac, Honoré

Bannikov, Nikolai

Baratashvili, Nikoloz, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1

Bedford Publishing Company, 8.1, aft.1

Beek, Rudy van der, 9.1, 9.2

Bellow, Saul

Benedettis

Ben-Gurion, David

Berlin, Isaiah, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 14.1

visits with Pasternak, prl.1, prl.2, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1

Zhivago manuscript handed to

Bernstein, Leonard

Biblioteca Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Milan, 6.1, 7.1

Blake, Patricia

Blixen, Karen (Dinesen)

Bolsheviks, 1.1, 1.2, 7.1, 8.1

anti-Bolsheviks, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1

show trials of

Bowra, Cecil Maurice

Brecht, Bertolt

Brodsky, Joseph

Brown, Anthony, 13.1, 14.1

Brussels World’s Fair, see World’s Fair

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

Buckley, William F. Jr.

Buck, Pearl

Bukharin, Nikolai, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

Bunin, Ivan

Calvino, Italo, 6.1, 10.1

Camus, Albert, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1

Carlisle, Olga

Carter, Jimmy

Carver, David

Castro, Fidel

Central Association of Post-War Émigrés (TsOPE)

Chekhov, Anton

Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, What Is to Be Done?, prl.1

Chopin, Frédéric

Christie, Julie

Chukovskaya, Lydia, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 15.1, 15.2

Chukovskaya, Yelena

Chukovsky, Kornei, prl.1, prl.2, 2.1, 5.1, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1

and Nobel Prize, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, 13.2

and Pasternak’s finances, 13.1, 16.1

and Pasternak’s health, 10.1, 10.2

and Zhivago, 3.1, 7.1, 11.1

Chukovsky, Nikolai, 3.1, 11.1

CIA

AEDINOSAUR

balloons into East Germany

in Cold War, 8.1, 14.1, aft.1

covert operations of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1

creation of

expansion of

front and sponsored organizations of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 14.1, aft.1

and Khrushchev’s “Secret Speech,”

literature used in, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 14.1, aft.1

and Nobel Prize, 8.1, 12.1, 14.1

propaganda originating in, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

secrecy demanded by

Soviet Russia Division, prl.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 14.1

Truman’s opposition to

and youth festival

Zhivago affair exploited by, 12.1, 14.1

and Zhivago manuscript, prl.1, 8.1, 9.1

and Zhivago rights, 9.1, 9.2

and Zhivago Russian-language editions, prl.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 12.1, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1, aft.1

Cini, Walter, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, aft.1

Cohen, Elliot

Colby, William

Cold War

atomic threat in

and Brussels World’s Fair, 9.1, 9.2

and CIA, see CIA

contact limited in

containment in

cultural events in, 9.1, 14.1

literature as weapon in, prl.1, prl.2, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, aft.1

and Nobel Prize, prl.1, 4.1

power of ideas in, 8.1, aft.1

“thaw” in, prl.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2

Western culture debased in

College of International Jurists, Moscow

Communist Party

abandoned by intelligentsia, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1

Central Committee of, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 13.1, 15.1

and Hungarian invasion

International Communists, 7.1, 12.1

in Italy, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1, 6.2

Komsomol

and Pasternak, prl.1, 11.1, 15.1

and youth festival

Congress for Cultural Freedom

Congress of Soviet Writers, 2.1, 2.2, 8.1, 13.1, 14.1

Conquest, Robert

Corriere della Sera,

Crossman, R.H.S.

Crusade for Freedom, 8.1, 8.2

Cuba, Feltrinelli’s visits to

Daily Mail (London), 13.1, 14.1

Daily Worker,

Dalos, György

D’Angelo, Sergio

and attempts to retrieve Zhivago manuscript

initial visit with Pasternak, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, prl.4, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

and Ivinskaya, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3

memoir of

and Pasternak’s finances, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, 16.6

Zhivago manuscript given to Feltrinelli by, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

and Zhivago publication

Daniel, Yuli, 15.1, aft.1

Del Bo, Giuseppe

DeMille, Cecil B.

Dimanche,

Dinesen, Isak (Blixen)

Đjilas, Milovan

Doctor Zhivago (film), prl.1, 16.1

Doctor Zhivago (Pasternak)

as best seller, prl.1, 7.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1

black market sales in Russia

and CIA, prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 12.1, 14.1, aft.1

completion of

copies given out by Pasternak, prl.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

critical reviews of, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2

delays in publication of, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 11.1, 16.1

distribution at World’s Fair, 9.1, 9.2, 14.1, 14.2, aft.1

distribution at youth festival, 14.1, 14.2, aft.1

Feltrinelli’s contracts with Pasternak for, 6.1, 16.1, 16.2

film rights for, 16.1, 16.2

hero of, see Zhivago, Yuri

Lara’s character in, 1.1, 4.1, 16.1, 16.2

media attention to, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 13.1, 14.1

miniature edition of, 14.1, 14.2, aft.1

negotiation for Soviet publication of, 6.1, 7.1

and Nobel Prize, prl.1, prl.2, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1

official changes to, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 14.1

original manuscript of

parallel universe of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 7.1, 13.1

Pasternak’s assignment of rights to, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, 13.1

Pasternak’s hopes for, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 9.1, 11.1

poems in, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 15.1, 15.2

political attacks on, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 13.1

politically undesirable content of, prl.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1

as political weapon, prl.1, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1

private and home readings of, 5.1, 11.1, 12.1

readers’ reception of, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1

rights for, prl.1, prl.2, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 9.2, 13.1, 16.1

royalties for, 6.1, 7.1, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4

Russian-language editions of, prl.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 12.1, 14.1, 14.2

Soviet censorship of

Soviet publication of, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 16.1

Soviet rejection of, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1

Soviet suppression of, prl.1, prl.2, 5.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1

story of, prl.1, prl.2, 3.1, 5.1

titles for, 3.1, 3.2

translations of, prl.1, prl.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 13.1

Western publication of, prl.1, prl.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 13.1

writing of, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2

Dohrn, Klaus

Donini, Ambrogio

Dorliak, Nina

Dos Passos, John

Dostoevsky, Fyodor, prl.1, 8.1

The Dublin Review,

Dudintsev, Vladimir, Not by Bread Alone, 7.1

Dulles, Allen, prl.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 12.2

Dulles, John Foster, 12.1, 12.2

Eastern Europe

books mailed into, 8.1, aft.1

Zhivago banned in

Éditions Gallimard, 7.1, 7.2

Eekhout, Fred

Efron, Ariadna, 12.1, 13.1

Ehrenburg, Ilya, prl.1, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 16.1

Eisenhower, Dwight D., prl.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

Eliot, T. S., 8.1, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1

Elisabeth, queen of Belgium

Elman, Richard

Encounter

Engels, Friedrich

England

British intelligence

Pasternak’s sisters in, prl.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1

Soviet documents presented in

Zhivago publication in, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1

Zhivago rights in

Fadeyev, Alexander

Fascism, 6.1, 7.1, 16.1

Fedin, Konstantin, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 15.1

Feltrinelli, Carlo, 6.1, 16.1

Feltrinelli, Giangiacomo, 6.1, 15.1

and Blind Beauty, 16.1

as capitalist

Class Struggle or Class War?

and Communist Manifesto, 6.1, 6.2

and Communist Party, prl.1, prl.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 16.1

contracts with Pasternak, 6.1, 9.1, 16.1, 16.2

correspondence with Pasternak, prl.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 13.1

death of

and Fascism, 6.1, 7.1, 16.1

and Ivinskaya, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5

library created by, 6.1, 7.1

Pasternak defended by, 12.1, 16.1

and Pasternak’s death

and political intrigues, 16.1

Soviet attempts to retrieve Zhivago manuscript from, 7.1, 7.2

Soviet visit of

visits to Cuba

wealth of, 6.1, 6.2

Zhivago manuscript received by, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1

and Zhivago publication, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 14.1, 16.1

and Zhivago rights, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2

and Zhivago royalties, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4

Feltrinelli, Giannalisa, 6.1, 6.2

Feltrinelli, Inge Schönthal

Feltrinelli Editore, 6.1, 16.1

Filippov, Boris

Firsov, Vladimir

Ford, Henry II

Forster, E. M., 10.1, 12.1

France

Zhivago publication in, 6.1, 7.1, 9.1, 11.1

Zhivago rights in

Zhivago translation in, 6.1, 10.1

Frank, Semyon

Frank, Victor, prl.1, 10.1

Frankel, Max

Free Europe Committee (FEC), 8.1, 8.2

Free Europe Press, 8.1, 14.1

Freidenberg, Olga, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1

Furtseva, Yekaterina, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

Garanin, Yevgeni

Garibaldi, Giuseppe

Garritano, Giuseppe, 16.1, 16.2

Garritano, Mirella, 16.1, 16.2

Georgian Union of Soviet Writers

Germany

Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact

and Nobel Prizes

Soviet exiles in, 2.1, 2.2, 8.1, 14.1

Soviet Union invaded by

Zhivago publication in, 10.1, 11.1

Gerstein, Emma, 3.1, 4.1

Gladkov, Alexander, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 11.1, 11.2, 15.1, 15.2

The God That Failed (essays)

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Faust, prl.1, 7.1, 13.1

Gogol, Nikolai, Dead Souls, 14.1

Golodets, Anna

Golubentsov, Nikolai

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 16.1, aft.1

Gorbatov, Alexander

Gorky, Maxim, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 8.1

Gorky Literary Institute, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1

Goslitizdat, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 16.1

Grani (Borders), 7.1, 14.1

Great Terror (1930s), prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 2.1, 4.1

Greene, Graham, 10.1, 12.1, 16.1, 16.2

Gringolts, Isidor, 12.1, 12.2

Grossman, Vasili

Gudiashvili, Chukurtma, 14.1, 15.1

Gudiashvili, Lado

Gustav III, king of Sweden

Gustav IV, king of Sweden

Hammarskjöld, Dag

Harari, Manya, 6.1, 9.1

Harvill Press, 6.1, 7.1

Hatcher, Harlan, 9.1, 9.2

Hayward, Max

Hemingway, Ernest, prl.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1

Hingley, Ronald

Hitler, Adolf, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1

Hook, Sidney, 9.1

Hugo, Victor

Humphrey, Hubert H.

Hungary

revolutionaries in

Soviet invasion of, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2

Huxley, Aldous

Iceland-Soviet Friendship Society

Ilc, Father Antoine

Independent Service for Information (ISI)

India, backlash in

Institute for the Study of the Soviet Union

International Conference of Professors of English

International PEN, 12.1, 16.1

International Union of Students

Italy

Communist Party in, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 10.1, 16.1

Fascism in, 6.1, 16.1

World War II in

Zhivago published in, prl.1, prl.2, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2

Zhivago translated in, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1

Ivanov, Vsevolod, prl.1, 2.1, 3.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 16.1

Ivanov, Vyacheslav “Koma,” 11.1, 11.2

Ivanova, Tamara

Ivinskaya, Olga, 4.1, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1

arrests and interrogations of, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 16.1, 16.2

Boris’s affair with, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 13.1, 16.1

and Boris’s death, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4

and Boris’s health, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4

and Boris’s talk of suicide

and Boris’s work, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3

A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak

death of

harassment of, 4.1, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3

media stories about, 16.1, 16.2

and money matters, 13.1, 13.2, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5

and Nobel Prize

pregnancies of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1

return from prison, 5.1, 16.1

sentenced to hard labor, 4.1, 5.1, 16.1

as state’s conduit to Boris, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1

and threat of exile

as translator, 13.1, 16.1

and writers’ union meeting

and Zhivago manuscript, 6.1, 16.1, 16.2

Izvestiya, 2.1, 10.1, 14.1

Jackson, C. D., 8.1, 14.1

Jarre, Maurice

Johnson, Patricia, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3

Joos, Jan

Joyce, James, 8.1, 8.2

Kadare, Ismael

Kamenev, Lev, 2.1, 2.2

Karachi Times, 12.1

Karlgren, Anton

Katayev, Valentin

Katkov, George, 6.1, 7.1, 9.1

Kaverin, Veniamin

Kennan, George F., 8.1, 16.1

Kerensky, Alexander

KGB

and Ivinskaya, 6.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5

letters supporting Pasternak to, 13.1

and Munich

and OGPU

Pasternak harassed by, 11.1, 14.1

and Pasternak’s funeral, 15.1, 15.2

Pasternak’s letters intercepted by, 7.1, 13.1

and Pasternak’s royalties, 13.1, 16.1

and youth festival, 14.1, 14.2

and Zhivago, prl.11–3, 6.1, 14.1

Kharabarov, Ivan

Khesin, Grigori, 12.1, 12.2

Khrushchev, Nikita, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 15.1, 16.1

attack on Stalin

and Hungarian invasion

and international backlash, 12.1, 14.1, 16.1

Ivinskaya’s letter to

memoirs of, 16.1, aft.1

ouster of

and Pasternak harassment, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 13.1, 14.1, aft.1

Pasternak’s letters to, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1

and Soviet writers, 7.1, 10.1

and Zhivago, 7.1, 12.1, 16.1

Koltsov, Mikhail

Koryakov, Mikhail

Kotov, Anatoli

Kozhnevnikov, Vadim

Krasheninnikova, Katya, 15.1, 15.2

Kremlin, see Soviet Union

Krotkov, Yuri

Kultura i Zhizn (Culture and Life)

Kuzminichna, Marfa, 15.1, 15.2

“Lara’s Theme,”

Laxness, Halldór

Lean, David, prl.1, 16.1

Lebanon, backlash in

Le Monde, 10.1, 11.1

Lend-Lease

Lenin, Vladimir, prl.1, prl.2, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1

death of

and Revolution, 1.1, 3.1

and Stalin

State and Revolution

Lenin Peace Prize

Leonov, Leonid, 15.1, 16.1

Lermontov, Mikhail

Levin, Harry, 10.1, 10.2

Lewis, Sinclair

L’Humanité

Life with God

Literatura i Zhizn (Literature and Life)

literature

as Cold War weapon, prl.1, prl.2, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, aft.1

Nobel Prize in, see Nobel Prize for Literature

party control of, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 10.1, 11.1

poetry

power of ideas, prl.1, 8.1, aft.1

propaganda uses of, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 2.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1

revisionist writing

in Soviet Union, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 12.1

Literaturnaya Gazeta (Literary Gazette)

letters about Pasternak in, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2

as political instrument, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

Literaturnaya Moskva (Literary Moscow), 7.1, 7.2

Litfond (Literary Fund), 3.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4

Livanov, Boris

Livshits, Benedikt, 2.1, 11.1

Lo Gatto, Ettore, 6.1

Loks, Konstantin

London Times, 16.1

Lundkvist, Artur

L’Unità, 7.1, 16.1

Lurye, Yevgenia, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 15.1

Macauley, Robie

Macmillan, Harold

Mandelstam, Nadezhda, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1

Mandelstam, Osip, prl.1, 2.1, 3.1, 11.1, 13.1

arrest of, 2.1, 2.2

death of, 2.1, 2.2, 11.1

Pasternak’s intervention for, 2.1, 11.1

poem about Stalin by, 2.1, 2.2

Markov, Georgi

Marx, Karl

Maslenikova, Zoya

Matthiessen, Peter

Maugham, Somerset

Mauldin, Bill

Mauriac, François

Maury, John, 8.1, 14.1

Mayakovsky, Vladimir, prl.1, 2.1

McCarthy, Joseph

Merton, Thomas

Mesterson, Erik, 10.1, 10.2

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM)

Meyer, Cord, 8.1, 8.2

Mikhailov, Nikolai

Mikhalkov, Sergei

Mikoyan, Anastas, 9.1, 13.1

Minden, George

Mirsky, D. S.

Molière

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 2.1, 6.1

Molotova, Polina

Moravia, Alberto, 10.1, 10.2

More, Thomas, Utopia, 6.1

Morocco, backlash in

Morrow, Felix

Moscow University, 1.1, 3.1

Motta Internacional, S.A.

Mouton & Co., 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 14.1

Mumford, Lewis

Mussolini, Benito, 6.1, 6.2

Nabokov, Vladimir, 8.1, 8.2

Lolita, 6.1, 12.1

and Zhivago, 6.1

Naipaul, V. S.

National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS), 7.1, 14.1

National Review Bulletin,

National Security Council, prl.1, 8.1, 12.1

NATO (Atlantic Alliance)

Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact

Nehru, Jawaharlal, prl.1, 12.1, 15.1

autobiography of

Neigauz, Adrian

Neigauz, Genrikh, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 13.1

Neigauz, Stanislav

Neigauz, Zinaida

marriage to Boris, see Pasternak, Zinaida

Netherlands

Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst (BVD), 9.1, 9.2

Dutch Red Cross

Zhivago published in, 11.1, 14.1

Zhivago rights in

The New Yorker,

New York Philharmonic

The New York Times

best-seller lists

Book Review,

and CIA operations

and Ivinskaya’s imprisonment, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3

and Khrushchev’s “Secret Speech,”

“Pasternak and the Pygmies,”

and World’s Fair, 9.1, 9.2

and youth festival

Zhivago articles in, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1

Nezval, Víte˘zslav

Nicholas II, tsar of Russia

Nietzsche, Friedrich

Nikiforov, Sergei

Nikolayeva, Galina

Nilsson, Nils Åke, 10.1, 10.2, 14.1

Nivat, Georges, 16.1, 16.2

Nobel, Alfred

Nobel Prize in Literature, prl.1, 10.1

acceptance of Pasternak’s award (1989)

awarded to Pasternak, prl.1, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2

awarded to Sholokhov

awarded to Solzhenitsyn

awards ceremony (1958)

and book sales

and CIA, 8.1, 12.1, 14.1

media response to, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.1, 14.1

official Soviet reaction to the award, prl.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1

Pasternak’s nominations for, prl.1, 4.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 11.1, 11.2

and political pressure, 4.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 13.1, 16.1

refusals of, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1

Nobel Prize in Physics

Novy Mir (New World)

and glasnost

and Ivinskaya, 4.1, 4.2

letters defending Pasternak to

and Pasternak’s poems, 3.1, 3.2

and Tvardovsky, 5.1, 11.1

and Zhivago, prl.1, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, 16.1

Novy Zhurnal

Nureyev, Rudolf

Obozerka forced-labor camp

The Observer (London)

O’Casey, Sean

October Revolution (1917), 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 7.1

frozen ideals of, 10.1, 13.1

in Zhivago story, prl.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 13.1

Ogonyok (Little Flame)

OGPU (Joint State Political Directorate)

Oistrakh, David

Oktyabr (October)

Operations Coordinating Board, U.S., prl.1, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2

Opinie (Opinions)

Orwell, George, 8.1, 14.1

OSS (Office of Strategic Services)

Ossietzky, Carl von

Österling, Anders, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 13.1

Panfyorov, Fyodor

Pankratov, Yuri

Panova, Vera

Pantheon Books, 9.1, 10.1

Pasternak, Alexander (brother), 1.1, 1.2, 15.1

Pasternak, Boris

and aging, 4.1, 10.1, 15.1, 15.2

and Alliluyeva’s death, 2.1, 2.2

ambition of, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

apologies demanded from, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2

audiences for his readings, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1

belief in his own genius, prl.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2

The Blind Beauty, 14.1, 16.1

charges against

childhood of

and Communist Party, prl.1, 11.1

complete works of

correspondence of, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1

dacha of, see Peredelkino

death and funeral of, 15.1, aft.1

death mask of

destruction of work by

“Detstvo Lyuvers” (The Childhood of Luvers)

Doctor Zhivago, see Doctor Zhivago

Essay in Autobiography

foreign visitors to, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 16.1

friends distancing themselves from, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 14.1

and Great Terror

health problems of, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 11.1, 13.1, 15.1, 15.2

hospital bed forbidden to

on individualism, 2.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2

infatuations of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 14.1

international reputation of, 4.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 14.1

Jewish origins of, 2.1, 6.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1

KGB harassment of, 11.1, 14.1

legacy of

and Lurye (first wife), 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 15.1

and marriage, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2

media stories about, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1

and money matters, 13.1, 16.1

at Moscow University, 1.1, 3.1

and Nobel Prize, see Nobel Prize for Literature

“Notes on Translations of Shakespeare’s Dramas,”

as novelist, prl.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 12.1

oblivious to power, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 13.1

official attitudes, posthumous, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4

official attitudes toward, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 14.1, 14.2

official surveillance of, 7.1, 16.1

and Olga, see Ivinskaya, Olga

opinions expressed openly by, 2.1, 7.1, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1

other-worldliness of, 1.1, 7.1

personal safety considerations of, 4.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

as poet, see Pasternak, Boris, poems written by

political attacks on, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1, 14.1

political victims assisted by, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 11.1

and Revolution

risks taken by, prl.1, prl.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1

royalties due to, 7.1, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, 16.6

sisters in England, prl.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1

and Stalin, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 4.1

state contract with, 7.1, 12.1

survival of, prl.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 14.1

thoughts of suicide, 11.1, 13.1

threats of exile, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1

torn between two families, 4.1, 5.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1

as translator, prl.1, prl.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1

words of support to, 6.1, 7.1, 12.1, 13.1, 15.1

and writers’ union, see Union of Soviet Writers

and Zinaida, see Pasternak, Zinaida

Pasternak, Boris, poems written by, prl.1, 2.1, 3.1

“After the Storm,”

“August,”

“Autumn,”

denunciation of, 2.1, 3.1

“Earth,”

“God’s World,”

“Hamlet,” 15.1, aft.1

“Lieutenant Schmidt,”

“Mary Magdalene,”

My Sister Life (Summer 1917), 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

negotiations for publication of, 6.1, 6.2

Nobel nominations for, prl.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2

“The Nobel Prize,” 13.1, 14.1

official confiscation of

official rejection of, 3.1, 7.1

“O Had I Known,”

Over the Barriers

popularity of, prl.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 11.1, 11.2

posthumous publication of

prose as continuation of

recited at his funeral, 15.1, aft.1

royalties for

Second Birth, 12.1, 15.1

A Second Book of Russian Verse

“Soul,”

Twin in the Storm Clouds

“The Wedding Party,”

“A Winter Night,”

in Zhivago, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 15.1, 15.2

Pasternak, Josephine (sister), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 7.1

Pasternak, Leonid (father), 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1

Pasternak, Leonid (son), 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 11.1, 12.1, 15.1, 16.1

Pasternak, Lydia (sister), 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 7.1, 10.1, 15.1, 15.2

Pasternak, Olga (cousin)

Pasternak, Rozalia Kaufman (mother), 1.1, 2.1

Pasternak, Yevgeni (son), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1, 11.1, 15.1, 16.1

Pasternak, Zinaida (second wife), 1.1, 11.1, 14.1

and Boris’s affairs, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 12.1, 13.1, 15.1

and Boris’s death, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4

and Boris’s health, 7.1, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3

and Boris’s writing, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 13.1, 16.1

death of

finances of

and foreign visitors, 14.1, 16.1

health of, 16.1, 16.2

and Nobel Prize, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

and political repercussions, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 6.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1

Pasternak family

hardships in civil war

Moscow apartment of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1

and October Revolution

prominence of

and royalties due

Patch, Isaac, 8.1

Paustovsky, Konstantin, 12.1, 13.1, 15.1

Pearson, Drew

Peltier, Hélène

Penkovsky, Oleg

Peredelkino

foreign visitors to, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

KGB informers in

Pasternak’s dacha in, prl.1, 5.1, 12.1

Pasternak’s funeral in

Pasternak’s life in

as writers’ colony, prl.1, 11.1

Petrograd (Saint Petersburg), Revolution in

Pilnyak, Boris, prl.1, prl.2, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 11.1

Pincus, Walter

Pirelli, Giovanni Battista

Poggioli, Renato

Polevoi, Boris, 5.1, 10.1, 10.2

Polikarpov, Dmitri

and Ivinskaya, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1

and Nobel Prize, 10.1, 11.1

and Pasternak, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1

and Pasternak’s finances, 13.1, 13.2, 16.1

and writers’ union, 11.1, 11.2

and Zhivago, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2

Politburo, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1

Polivanov, Mikhail

Ponti, Carlo

Posnova, Irina, 9.1, 9.2

Pound, Ezra, 8.1, 10.1

Prague Spring

Pravda, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2

and Nobel Prize, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1

Pasternak attacked in, 3.1, 11.1

Pasternak’s letter published in, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1

Pravdukhin, Valerian

Prescott, Orville

Priestley, J. B.

Prishvin, Mikhail

Prishvina, Valeria

Proust, Marcel, 10.1, 14.1

Proyart, Jacqueline de, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 16.1

Publications Development Corporation

Pushkin, Alexander, 4.1, 6.1, 14.1, 15.1

Rachmaninov, Sergei

Radio Free Europe

Radio Liberation/Liberty, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2

Radio London

Radio Moscow, prl.1, 6.1, 16.1

Radio Warsaw

Rassokhina, Marina

Rausen Bros.

Reisch, Alfred A.

Remarque, Erich Maria

Remnick, David

Revolutionary Military Council

Reznikov, Daniil

Richter, Svyatoslav, 5.1, 15.1

Ridder, Peter de, 9.1, 9.2

Rippelino, Angelo

Robotti, Paolo

Rodin, Auguste, The Thinker, 9.1

Romanov dynasty, end of

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Social Contract, 6.1

Rudenko, Roman

Ruge, Gerd, 13.1, 13.2

Russell, Bertrand, 12.1, 16.1

Russell, Lord, The Scourge of the Swastika, 6.1

Russian Orthodoxy, 2.1, aft.1

Russian Revolution, see October Revolution

Russian State Library, Special Collections

Rykov, Aleksei, 2.1

Rylenkov, Nikolai

Salinger, J. D.

Sartre, Jean-Paul

Schewe, Heinz, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3

Schiller, Friedrich

Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr.

Schweitzer, Renate, 10.1, 15.1

Scriabin, Alexander, 1.1, 1.2

Secchia, Pietro

Selvinsky, Ilya

Semichastny, Vladimir, 12.1, 12.2, 16.1

Semyonov, Anatoli, 4.1, 4.2

Sergovantsev, Nikolai

Serov, Ivan

Seton-Watson, Hugh

Shakespeare, William, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 10.1, 13.1

Shalamov, Varlam, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1

Sharif, Omar

Shaw, George Bernard

Shelepin, Alexander

Shklovsky, Viktor, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 11.1

Sholokhov, Mikhail, 10.1, 16.1

And Quiet Flows the Don

Virgin Soil Upturned

Shostakovich, Dmitri

Shtein, Alexander

Simmons, Ernest

Simonov, Konstantin, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2

Sinclair, Upton, 12.1, 14.1

Singer, Isaac Bashevis

Sinyavsky, Andrei, 1.1, 7.1, 15.1, aft.1

Slonim, Marc

Słowacki, Juliusz

Slutsky, Boris

SMERSH

Smirnov, Sergei, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

socialist realism, prl.1, 10.1, 14.1

Société d’Edition et d’Impression Mondiale

Socrate, Mario

Soloukhin, Vladimir

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 8.1, 13.1, aft.1

Gulag Archipelago

Nobel Prize awarded to

Soviet Union

anti-Semitism in, 4.1, 5.1, 11.1, 12.1

Bolsheviks in, 1.1, 2.1

censorship in, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1

CIA book program for, 8.1, aft.1

civil war in, prl.1, 2.1, 7.1, 10.1

classless culture in

and Cold War, see Cold War

Communist Party of, see Communist Party

conformity demanded in, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 14.1

and copyright, 9.1, 9.2, 13.1

cultural diplomacy of

disillusionment in, 1.1, 3.1, 10.1

Doctors’ Plot in

foreign publication of Soviet works, prl.1, prl.2, 7.1, 7.2, aft.1

glasnost in, 12.1, 16.1

Gulag, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 3.1, 12.1, 16.1

international backlash against, 12.1, 14.1, aft.1

invasion of Hungary, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2

Khrushchev’s attack on Stalin

and Lend-Lease

literary establishment of, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 11.1

literature in, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 12.1

living in fear in, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 14.1

national anthem of

and Nobel Prize, see Nobel Prize in Literature

Pasternak vilified in, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1

political denunciations in, 3.1, 11.1, 12.1

political purges in, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1, 13.1, 14.1

propaganda produced in, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2

Provisional Government

Revolution, see October Revolution

risks to writers in, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2

State Archives of Literature and Art

Supreme Soviet, 10.1, 14.1

writers executed in, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1

writers harassed in, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1

writers’ union, see Union of Soviet Writers

Zhivago banned in, prl.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

Zhivago publication in, prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 16.1

Zhivago rejected in, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1

Spano, Velio

Spassky, Sergei

Spellman, Cardinal Francis

Spender, Stephen, 3.1, 12.1

Der Spiegel

Stalin, Joseph, 3.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1

affairs of

and anti-Semitism

and assassination plots, 2.1, 5.1

campaigns of harassment, 3.1, 11.1

death of (1953), prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 12.1, 14.1

and Gulag

Khrushchev’s attack on

and Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact

and new literature, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 7.1

and Pasternak, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 4.1

and Peredelkino

propaganda produced for, prl.1, prl.2

and purges, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 13.1, 14.1

rise to power, prl.1, 2.1

Trotsky vs.

wife of

Stalin, Svetlana Alliluyeva (daughter)

Stalin, Vasili (son)

Stalin Prize, prl.1, 5.1

Starostin, Anatoli, 7.1, 7.2

Stassen, Harold

State Department, U.S.

“The Inauguration of Organized Political Warfare,”

Stavsky, Vladimir, 2.1, 2.2

Steinbeck, John

Steinem, Gloria

Stone, Edward

Strada, Vittorio

Stravinsky, Igor

Sunday Times (London)

Surkov, Alexei

and Feltrinelli, 7.1, 10.1

and Ivinskaya, 4.1, 7.1, 16.1, 16.2

and Nobel Prize, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

and Pasternak, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2

as poet, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1

as state functionary, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1

and writers’ union, 7.1, 10.1, 14.1, 15.1

and Zhivago, 10.1, 10.2, 14.1

Suslov, Mikhail, 10.1, 12.1

Suvchinsky, Pyotr, 9.1, 10.1

Swedish Academy, see Nobel Prize for Literature

Tabidze, Galaktion

Tabidze, Nina, 3.1, 11.1, 11.2, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1

Tabidze, Titsian, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1

Tamm, Igor

Tarasenkov, Anatoli

Tatu, Michel

Thompson, John

Tikhonova, Maria

Tikunov, Vadim

Togliatti, Palmiro

Tolstoy, Leo, 3.1, 6.1, 8.1, 14.1

and Leonid Pasternak, 1.1, 5.1

Resurrection, 5.1, 10.1

War and Peace, 1.1, 10.1, 10.2

Tretyakov, Pavel

Trotsky, Alexandra

Trotsky, Leon, prl.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 11.1

Trotskyists, prl.1, 2.1, 9.1, 9.2

Truman, Harry S.

Tsvetaeva, Marina, prl.1, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 12.1

Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail

Tvardovsky, Alexander, 5.1, 11.1

Union of Soviet Writers, prl.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1

and Brecht translations

and Communist Party

emergency meetings of, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2

expulsions from, 3.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2

First Congress (1934), 2.1, 2.2, 8.1, 13.1

and Nobel Prize, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 16.1, 16.2

offer to reinstate Pasternak

Pasternak attacked by, 3.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2

and Pasternak’s funeral, 15.1, 15.2

Pasternak’s letter to

Third Congress

United States

and Soviet cultural exchange

and World’s Fair

Zhivago publication in, 9.1, 10.1

United States Information Agency (USIA)

University of Marburg

University of Michigan Press, 9.1, 9.2, 14.1, 14.2

van den Heuvel, C. C. (Kees)

van der Wilden, Joop, 9.1, 9.2, aft.1

Vanshenkin, Konstantin

Vasilyev, Yuri

Vidal, Gore

Vinogradov, Dmitri (Mitya), 4.1, 11.1, 16.1

Vinograd, Yelena

Vinokur, Grigori

Vladimirsky, Vladlen, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 6.1

Vlasov, Andrei

Volchkov, Alexander

Volkonsky, Andrei

Voronkov, Konstantin

Voroshilov, Kliment

Vovsi, Dr. Miron

Voznesensky, Andrei, 5.1, 7.1, 13.1, 16.1

Vysotskaya, Ida

Walker, Samuel S. Jr., 8.1, 14.1

Washburn, Abbott

West, Rebecca

Wieck, Fred, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

Williams, Alan Moray

Williams, William Carlos

Wilson, Edmund

Wisner, Frank, 8.1, 8.2

Wolff, Kurt, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1

World Festival of Youth and Students for Peace and Friendship (1959), 7.1, 14.1, aft.1

World’s Fair, Brussels (1958), prl.1, 9.1

Soviet pavilion in, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

Soviet visitors to

U.S. pavilion in

Vatican pavilion “Civitas Dei,” prl.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 14.1, aft.1

Zhivago distribution in, 9.1, 9.2, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, aft.1

World War II, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2

Yashvili, Paolo, 2.1, 2.2

Yemelyanova, Irina (daughter of Olga Ivinskaya)

arrest and trial of, 16.1, 16.2

as go-between, 5.1, 12.1, 13.1, 16.1, 16.2

and Pasternak, 5.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2

persecution of, 16.1, 16.2

in prison, 16.1, 16.2

Yevtushenko, Yevgeni, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1, 12.2, 16.1, 16.2

Yudina, Maria, 3.1, 15.1

Zabolotsky, Nikolai

Zang Kejia

Zanuck, Darryl F.

Zaslavsky, David

Zelinsky, Korneli, 3.1, 12.1

Zhdanov, Andrei, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1

Zhivago, Yuri (fictional character), 3.1, 16.1

as Pasternak’s alter ego, prl.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 7.1, 8.1, aft.1

story of, prl.1, 3.1, 5.1

Zinoviev, Grigory, 2.1, 2.2

Znamya (The Banner), prl.1, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 11.1

Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1

Zubok, Vladislav

Zulueta, Philip de

Zveteremich, Pietro, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5