Александрия. Тайны затерянного города

1

Anon., A Brief Memoir of an Officer of the Bengal Artillery, L. B. Seely, London, 1834, p. 29.

2

Правитель империи Великих Моголов (1627–1658). По легенде свергнутый собственным сыном Шах-Джахан был заточен в Красный форт, где и провел последние годы жизни. – Прим. ред.

3

Жена Шах-Джахана, умершая при родах. В память о ней Шах-Джахан построил знаменитый мавзолей Тадж-Махал, где позднее был похоронен и сам. – Прим. ред.

4

British Library, Or.16805.

5

Guildhall Library (London), Microfi lm MSS 3572/2.

6

Иган Пирс – английский писатель и репортер. Автор книги «Жизнь в Лондоне» (Life in London), в которой представил яркий портрет жизни английской молодежи. – Прим. ред.

7

Pierce Egan, Life in London: Or, The Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorne, Esq., and His Elegant Friend Corinthian Tom, Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, London, 1822, p. 23.

8

Egan, Life in London, p. 36.

9

Хант Ли – английский эссеист, журналист, поэт. Издавал либеральную еженедельную газету The Examiner. Считается, что Ли Хант сформулировал термин «клептократия». – Прим. ред.

10

The Examiner, 1816, p. 283.

11

Перевод О. Холмской. – Прим. пер. – Прим. ред.

12

George Gordon, Lord Byron, The Works of Lord Byron: Including the Suppressed Poems, A. & W. Galignani, Paris, 1828, p. 554. Первое выступление Байрона в палате лордов.

13

Уолпол Хорас – английский писатель. Считается основоположником жанра готического романа. – Прим. ред.

14

Walpole to Sir Horace Mann, 4 November 1772. The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole’s Correspondence, ed. W. S. Lewis, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1937–83, vol. 23, p. 451.

15

William Dalrymple, The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company, Bloomsbury, London, 2019.

16

Коббетт Уильям – английский публицист, издатель еженедельника Political Register, автор исторических трудов. Был приговорен к двум годам тюремного заключения за критику правительства. – Прим. ред.

17

Cobbett to William Creevey, 24 September 1810. The Creevey Papers: A selection from the correspondence and diaries of the late Thomas Creevey, M.P., ed. Sir Herbert Maxwell, John Murray, London, 1903, vol. 1, p. 134.

18

British Library, Bengal Secret Consultations, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, 19 June 1834.

19

J. N. Creighton, Narrative of the Siege and Capture of Bhurtpore, Parbury, Allen and Co., London, 1830, p. 148.

20

Данные актуальны на 2021 год, когда книга вышла в оригинале. – Прим. ред.

21

Курс перевода: 10 рупий равен 1 фунту стерлингов. См. Anon., Return to an order of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 24 June 1839: Accounts of all monies supplied from the revenues of India, London, 1839, p. 6. Теперешний обменный курс и уровень инфляции см. в Калькуляторе инфляции Банка Англии [online]: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/infl ation/inflation-calculator.

22

Автор ссылается на слова апостола Павла (2-е Кор., 11). – Прим. ред.

23

Charles Masson, Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan and the Panjab Including a Residence in Th ose Countries from 1826 to 1838, Richard Bentley, London 1842, vol. 1, pp. 309–10.

24

John Blakiston, Twelve Years’ Military Adventure in Three Quarters of the Globe, Henry Colburn, London, 1829, vol. 1, p. 309.

25

Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 23 (January—June 1828), p. 449.

26

Creighton, Narrative, p. 17.

27

Ibid., pp. 52–3.

28

Ibid., p. 29.

29

Ibid., pp. 52–3.

30

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 19.

31

Ibid., p. 3.

32

Chester County Historical Society (West Chester, PA), Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 76.

33

Ibid.

34

Ben Macintyre, Josiah the Great: The True Story of the Man Who Would Be King, HarperCollins, London, 2004, p. 9.

35

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 76.

36

Ibid., 78.

37

Ibid., 24.

38

Ibid., 46.

39

Ibid., 46–7.

40

Ibid., 42.

41

The Calcutta Review, vol. 86 (1888), p. 350.

42

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, pp. 85–6.

43

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 78.

44

Ibid.

45

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 41.

46

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 48.

47

Ibid., 78.

48

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 32.

49

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 10.

50

Ibid., 9.

51

Ibid., ‘Shah Shujah’, 3.

52

Ibid., ‘Oriental Sketches’, 34.

53

Ibid., ‘Shah Shujah’, 6–7.

54

Ibid., ‘Oriental Sketches’, 179.

55

Ibid., 151.

56

Ibid., 93.

57

Ibid., 92–3.

58

Macintyre, Josiah the Great, p. 73.

59

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 96.

60

Ibid.

61

Ibid., 95.

62

Ibid., 99.

63

Macintyre, Josiah the Great, p. 73.

64

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 29.

65

Ibid.

66

Ibid., 28–9.

67

John F. Riddick, The History of British India, Praeger, Westport, CT, 2006, p. 292.

68

The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, vol. 34 (March 1841), p. 194.

69

George W. Forrest, ed., Selections from the Travels and Journals preserved in the Bombay Secretariat, Government Central Press, Bombay, 1906, p. 103.

70

Gordon Whitteridge, Charles Masson of Afghanistan: Explorer, Archaeologist, Numismatist, and Intelligence Agent, Orchid Press, Warminster, 1986, p. 11.

71

J. W. Kaye, ‘The Poetry of Recent Indian Warfare’, The Calcutta Review, vol. 11 (1848), p. 223.

72

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 1.

73

«Льюис, Джеймс, рядовой» – запись в списке личного состава Бенгальской артиллерии от 1 июля 1827 года, а не от 1 июля 1828 года. British Library, IOR/L/MIL/10/147 (1827) and IOR/L/MIL/10/148 (1828).

74

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163, 3.

75

The Calcutta Review, vol. 2 (1844), p. 474.

76

C. Grey and H. L. O. Garrett, European Adventurers of Northern India, 1785 to 1849, Languages Department, Patiala, 1970, p. 211.

77

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 45.

78

Ibid., p. 54.

79

Ibid., p. 55.

80

Ibid., p. 56.

81

Adapted from Paul Smith, The Divan of Hafiz, New Humanity Books, Melbourne, 1986, Ghazal 10.

82

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, pp. 58–9.

83

Adapted from Thomas Rain Crowe, Drunk on the Wine of the Beloved: 100 Poems of Hafi z, Shambhala, London, 2001, p. 8.

84

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 60.

85

Язык пуштунов (афганцев), сейчас – официальный язык Афганистана. – Прим. ред.

86

Ibid., p. 63.

87

Ibid., p. 73.

88

Ibid., p. 82.

89

Ibid., p. 70.

90

Ibid., p. 76.

91

Ibid., pp. 77–8.

92

Ibid., p. 87.

93

Ibid., p. 260.

94

Ibid., p. 94.

95

Ibid., p. 303.

96

Ibid., pp. 303–4.

97

Ibid., p. 304.

98

Ibid., pp. 304–5.

99

Ibid., p. 305.

100

Ibid., p. 306.

101

Ibid., p. 305.

102

Ibid., p. 309.

103

Ibid., p. 343.

104

Ibid., p. 313.

105

Ibid., p. 314.

106

Ibid., p. 316.

107

Ibid., p. 402.

108

Ibid., p. 74.

109

Ibid., p. 312.

110

Forrest, ed., Travels, p. 137.

111

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 372.

112

Ibid., pp. 345–6.

113

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 62.

114

Сингх Ранджит – махараджа Пенджаба (1801–1839), основатель Сикхской империи. – Прим. ред.

115

Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 446–7.

116

Анаркали – легендарная возлюбленная Джахангира (Салима), падишаха империи Великих Моголов (1605–1627). История Анаркали впервые была записана британскими путешественниками в XVII веке: считалось, что Анаркали и Салим полюбили друг друга в те годы, когда он еще был шахзаде. Отец Салима, узнав об этом, приказал, по легенде, замуровать девушку заживо. – Прим. ред.

117

Forrest, ed., Travels, p. 103.

118

Город на территории современного Ирана. – Прим. ред.

119

Торжественный иранский титул. – Прим. ред.

120

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/5, 25.

121

Ibid., 26.

122

Ibid., 25.

123

Ibid., 26.

124

Plutarch, Life of Alexander, 55.4–5. Там, где не указано иное, ссылки отсылают к текстам оригиналов.

125

По версии историка Иосифа Флавия. – Прим. ред.

126

История о связи матери Александра, Олимпиады, и фараона Нектанеба II дошла до нас прежде всего в греческом романе «История Александра Македонского». Автор текста неизвестен: принято считать, что им был некий александриец. История содержит фантастические мотивы: например, Нектанеб II якобы околдовал Олимпиаду и заставил ее думать, что он на самом деле бог. – Прим. ред.

127

Считается, что впервые Александр был назван Великим в комедии римского комедиографа Плавта. – Прим. ред.

128

Притом многие античные авторы сходятся во мнении, что Каллисфен был не самым достоверным историком. В походе тем не менее принимали участие и другие авторы – такие как Харес Митиленский, Онесикрит и др. Их труды по большей части не сохранились, однако именно на них опирались более поздние авторы. – Прим. ред.

129

Plato, Timaeus, 25a—d.

130

Forrest, ed., Travels, p. 166.

131

Массон основывается на рассказах античных авторов о том, что Александр Македонский основал два города на противоположных берегах реки и назвал один Букефалией, а второй – Никеей. – Прим. ред.

132

Ibid.

133

Другие авторы помещают Букефалию и Никею на реку Гидасп. Также историки расходятся во мнении относительно времени смерти Буцефала и ее связи с основанием города. – Прим. ред.

134

Ibid.

135

Ibid.

136

Город в Пенджабе. – Прим. ред.

137

Ibid., p. 105.

138

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 16 January 1837.

139

Древний центр Хараппской цивилизации, которая существовала около 3300–1400 гг. до н. э. – Прим. ред.

140

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 452.

141

Город в Пакистане, на берегу Индийского океана. – Прим. ред.

142

Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 7–8.

143

Ibid., p. 22.

144

Мир вам! – Прим. автора.

145

И вам мир. – Прим. автора.

146

Ibid.

147

Ibid., p. 23.

148

Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 52–3.

149

Город на юге Афганистана. – Прим. ред.

150

Ibid., vol. 2, p. 91.

151

Ibid., p. 90.

152

Название одного из иранских народов, проживающего на юго-востоке Иранского плато. – Прим. ред.

153

Ibid., p. 179.

154

Дост-Мохаммед – эмир Кабульского эмирата (1839–1863). – Прим. ред.

155

Ibid., vol. 2, p. 226.

156

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 43.

157

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, pp. 231–3.

158

Joseph Wolff, Travels and adventures of the Rev. Joseph Wolff, Saunders, Otley and Company, London, 1861, p. 358.

159

Ibid.

160

Ibid., p. 357.

161

Fanny Parkes, Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2001, p. 191.

162

Wolff, Travels, p. 361.

163

Ibid., p. 518.

164

Parkes, Wanderings, p. 191.

165

Ibid.

166

Перевод С. Маршака.

«Янки Дудль» (Yankee Doodle) – национальная американская песня. Первые версии текста возникли предположительно в XV веке в Голландии. В XVIII веке обрела популярность в США, в частности, во время Войны за независимость использовалась в качестве гимна. – Прим. ред.

167

Ibid., p. 369.

168

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/7, 12.

169

Ibid.

170

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 156.

171

Горный перевал на границе между современными Афганистаном и Пакистаном. Составлял часть Шелкового пути и имел важное торговое и стратегическое значение. – Прим. ред.

172

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/7, 12.

173

Ibid.

174

Традиционное название дворцового комплекса китайских императоров. – Прим. ред.

175

Ibid.

176

Wolff, Travels, p. 369.

177

Ibid.

178

Johann Martin Honigberger, Thirty Five Years in the East: Adventures, Discoveries, Experiments, and Historical Sketches, Relating to the Punjab and Cashmere, H. Ballière, London, 1852, p. 57.

179

Во имя Аллаха. – Прим. автора.

180

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/7, 12.

181

Joseph Wolff, Researches and Missionary Labours Among the Jews, Mohammedans, and Other Sects, Orrin Rogers, Philadelphia, 1837, p. 180.

182

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/19 March 1833/30–1.

183

Ibid.

184

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/7, 12.

185

Бёрнс Александр – британский дипломат и исследователь, с 1834 года – член Лондонского королевского общества. Автор книг об Афганистане и Бухаре. – Прим. ред.

186

Alexander Burnes, Travels in to Bokhara: Being the Account of a Journey from India to Cabool, Tartary, and Persia, John Murray, London, 1834, vol. 1, p. 137.

187

Ibid., p. 117.

188

Ираноязычная этническая группа, проживающая в Центральном Афганистане. – Прим. ред.

189

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 353.

190

Ibid., p. 316.

191

Ibid., p. 317.

192

Ibid.

193

Ibid., p. 305.

194

Ibid., p. 383.

195

Ibid., p. 322.

196

Ibid., p. 332.

197

Ibid., p. 337.

198

Ibid.

199

Ibid., pp. 337–8.

200

Ibid., p. 338.

201

Ibid., p. 341.

202

Ibid., p. 343.

203

Ibid., p. 319.

204

Ibid., p. 316.

205

Ibid., p. 322.

206

Ibid., pp. 344–5.

207

Ibid., p. 363.

208

Ibid., p. 358.

209

Ibid., p. 359.

210

Ibid., p. 360.

211

Ibid., pp. 360–1.

212

Ibid., p. 361.

213

Ibid.

214

Ibid., p. 345.

215

Ibid., p. 361.

216

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. 182.

217

Vincent Eyre, Military Operations at Cabul, which Ended in the Retreat and Destruction of the British Army, January 1842, John Murray, London, 1843, p. 344.

218

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 380.

219

Ibid., p. 371.

220

Yahyā ibn Khālid, adapted via Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼ Ish ̣āq aṣ-Sabbāḥ al-Kind into Ibn al-Nadim, trans. B. Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadim̄: a tenth-century survey of Muslim culture, Columbia University Press, New York, 1970, vol. 2, p. 829.

221

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 382.

222

Ibid., p. 362.

223

British Library, MSS Eur. G.42, 32.

224

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 427.

225

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 191.

226

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, pp. 392–3.

227

Alāʼ al-Dīn ʻ Aṭā Malik Ata-Malik Juvaini, trans. J. A. Boyle, Genghis Khan: The History of the World Conqueror [Tarīkh-i Jahān-gushā], Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1997, pp. 132–3.

228

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, pp. 392–3.

229

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. 183.

230

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 191.

231

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 393.

232

British Library, MSS Eur. G.42, 32.

233

Charles Masson, ‘Notes on the antiquities of Bamian’, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 5 (1836), p. 709.

234

British Library, MSS Eur. G.42, 32.

235

Подробнее всего о чудесах Бамиана см.: Takayasu Higuchi, バーミヤーン:京都大学中央アジア学術調査報告:アフガニスタンにおける仏教石窟寺院の美術考古学的調査 1970–1978 年/樋口隆康編 [Bāmiyān: Kyōto daigaku chūō ajia gakujutsu chōsa hōkoku: Afuganisutan niokeru bukkyō sekkutsu jīn no bijutsu kōkogakuteki chōsa 1970 1978nen], Dōhōsha Shuppan, Kyōto, 1983–4.

236

Masson, ‘Antiquities of Bamian’, p. 720.

237

Я вошел в гавань, прощайте, Надежда и Фортуна. Достаточно вы надо мной шутили, теперь же шутите над другими! (лат.) – Прим. ред.

238

British Library, MSS Eur. F.65, 202.

239

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 420.

240

Ibid., p. 433.

241

Ibid., p. 437.

242

Ibid., p. 464.

243

Ibid.

244

Ты дурень, что залез в такую высь, Тому, что здесь бывал Чарльз Массон, удивись (англ.). – Прим. пер.

245

J. Hackin and J. Carl, Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Bâmiyân. Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, G. Van Oest, Paris, 1933, p. 2.

246

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 4.

247

Ibid., vol. 2, p. 243.

248

Ibid., p. 244.

249

Ibid., p. 246.

250

Ibid.

251

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/11, 11.

252

Mohan Lal, Travels in the Panjab, Afghanistan, Turkistan, to Balk, Bokhara, and Herat, W. H. Allen, London, 1846, p. 71.

253

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 5.

254

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/19 March 1833/30–1.

255

Буркхардт Иоганн Людвиг – швейцарский путешественник, востоковед, первым из европейцев увидевший Петру и Пальмиру и описавший их.

256

257

P. M. Fraser, Cities of Alexander the Great, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996, p. 192.

258

Arrian, Anabasis, 3.28.

259

Названий у этого города почти столько же, сколько рассказов о нем. Чаще всего его называют «Александрией Кавказской», но есть и множество других названий. В книге он для большей ясности называется «Александрия-в-Предгорье».

260

Xuanzang, trans. Samuel Beal, Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World: Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang, Kegan, Paul, Trench and Company, London, 1884, p. 646.

261

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 161.

262

Arrian, Anabasis, 7.13.

263

Ibid., 5.1.

264

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. 146.

265

Adapted from Idries Shah, The Pleasantries of the Incredible Mulla Nasrudin, Octagon Press, London, 1983, p. 27.

266

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/11, 16–17.

267

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 140.

268

Ibid., p. 5.

269

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/11, 14.

270

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 5.

271

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/11, 16.

272

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/19 March 1833/30–1.

273

Ibid.

274

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, pp. 92–3.

275

Ibid., p. 3.

276

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/11, 20.

277

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 94.

278

Ibid.

279

Ibid., p. 117.

280

Ibid., p. 96.

281

Ibid., p. 97.

282

Ibid.

283

Ibid., vol. 2, p. 234.

284

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 179.

285

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 140.

286

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 166.

287

Ibid.

288

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 226.

289

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 123.

290

Ibid., p. 138.

291

Ibid., p. 141.

292

Ibid.

293

Ibid.

294

Ibid., pp. 142–3.

295

Ibid., p. 143.

296

Ibid., p. 157.

297

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 1 January 1833.

298

Ibid.

299

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 117.

300

Ibid., p. 13.

301

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/11, 20.

302

Ibid.

303

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 13.

304

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 1 July 1833.

305

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 2.

306

Ibid., p. 1.

307

Ibid., p. 4.

308

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 1 January 1833.

309

Frank Holt, Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2005, p. 108.

310

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 17 August 1833.

311

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/11, 22.

312

Wolff, Travels, p. 375.

313

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 17 August 1833.

314

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 23 April 1834.

315

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 1 July 1833.

316

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163/12, 1.

317

Ibid.

318

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. 117.

319

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 19 June 1834, Gerard to Government, 8 April 1834.

320

Ibid.

321

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 253.

322

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. 149.

323

Ibid., pp. 149–50.

324

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 176.

325

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 148.

326

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 19 June 1834, Gerard to Government, 8 April 1834.

327

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 17 August 1833.

328

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 19 June 1834, Gerard to Government, 8 April 1834.

329

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 98.

330

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 3 (1834), p. 363.

331

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 17 August 1833.

332

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 3 (1834), p. 363.

333

Монархический титул, распространенный на древнем Востоке. – Прим. ред.

334

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 17 August 1833.

335

Ibid.

336

Данные актуальны на 2021 год, когда книга вышла в оригинале. – Прим. ред.

337

Ibid.

338

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 25 March 1834, Karamat Ali to Wade, 31 October 1833.

339

Ibid.

340

Ibid., Karamat Ali to Wade, 2 November 1833.

341

Ibid.

342

Индийская монета, составляющая 1/16 часть рупии. – Прим. ред.

343

Ibid.

344

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 25 March 1834.

345

Horace Hayman Wilson, Ariana Antiqua: a descriptive account of the antiquities and coins of Afghanistan, Published Under the Authority of the Honourable The Court of Directors of The East India Company, London, 1841, p. 69.

346

Ibid., pp. 69–70.

347

Ibid., p. 70.

348

Следует обратить внимание, что высказывания Демосфена в адрес Филиппа II и Александра вызваны в первую очередь политическими событиями этой эпохи – Филипп установил контроль над греческими полисами. Обличительные речи Демосфена против Филиппа получили название «филиппики». – Прим. ред.

349

Demosthenes, Philippic 3, 9.31.

350

Richard van Leeuwen, The Thousand and One Nights: Space, Travel and Transformation, Routledge, New York, 2007, p. 86.

351

E. Badian, Alexandre le Grand, image et réalité, Fondation Hardt, Geneva, 1976, p. 280.

352

Перевод М.Е. Сергеенко. – Прим. ред.

353

Arrian, Anabasis, 3.20–1.

354

Firdausi, The Shahnama of Firdausi, Kegan, Paul, London, 1905, vol. 6, pp. 53–4.

355

Phiroze Vasunia, The Classics and Colonial India, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013, p. 105.

356

Ibid., p. 108.

357

Quoted in Barbara Schmitz, Islamic Manuscripts in the New York Public Library, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1992, vol. 1, p. 160.

358

Richard Stoneman, Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2010, p. 108.

359

Adapted from Pseudo-Callisthenes, trans. Richard Stoneman, The Greek Alexander Romance, Penguin Books, London, 1991, pp. 118–19.

360

Крепость, строительство которой спонсировала Ост-Индская компания. Оплот британской власти в Индии. Здесь располагался научный центр изучения востоковедения. – Прим. ред.

361

. ‘Faulty ACs endanger 4000-year-old Egyptian mummy at Kolkata Museum’, Times of India, 9 June 2014.

362

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 183.

363

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 3 (1834), p. 154.

364

Ibid.

365

Ibid., p. 161.

366

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 1 July 1833.

367

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165/11, 12.

368

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 10 April 1834, Extract of Intelligence from Shikarpore.

369

Punjab Archives (Lahore), Case 106, 9/II/665, Chief Secretary, Calcutta, to David Ochterlony, 17 December 1816.

370

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 3 October 1833.

371

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/379, Bengal Secret Consultations, 3 January 1834, Shah Shujah to Wade, received 24 December 1833.

372

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 19 April 1834, Wade to the Secretary of Government, 17 March 1834.

373

British Library, IOR/P/SEC/BOM/82, Secret Consultations, 26 August 1834, Wade to Government, 27 July 1834.

374

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 25. March 1834, Wade to Karamat Ali, 3 January 1834.

375

Ibid.

376

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 9 October 1834.

377

British Library MSS Eur. E.161, 11, Masson to Pottinger, 23 April 1834.

378

British Library MSS Eur. E.161/6–7, 4, Pottinger to Masson, 1 January 1834.

379

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 23 April 1834.

380

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/1, 3, Pottinger to Charles Norris, Chief Secretary to Government, Bombay, 27 November 1833.

381

Wilson, Ariana Antiqua, p. 109.

382

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 15 July 1834.

383

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6–7, 6.

384

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, p. 402.

385

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 9 October 1834.

386

Ibid.

387

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 15 July 1834.

388

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6–7, 10a, Pottinger to Masson, 4 November 1834.

389

Wilson, Ariana Antiqua, p. 114.

390

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 138.

391

Ibid., pp. 98–9.

392

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Pottinger to Masson, 6 September 1834.

393

Руми Мавлан – персидский поэт-суфий XIII века. – Прим. пер.

394

M. E. Yapp, Strategies of British India: Britain, Iran and Afghanistan 1798–1850, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980, p. 227.

395

Victor Jacquemont, Letters from India: Describing a Journey in the British Dominions of India, Tibet, Lahore, and Cashmere, Edward Churton, London, 1834, p. 370.

396

William Barr, Journal of a March from Delhi to Peshâwur: And from Thence to Câbul, with the Mission of Lieut.-Colonel Sir C.M. Wade, J. Madden, London, 1844, p. 101.

397

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 70.

398

Ibid., 76.

399

Ibid., 179.

400

British Library, Bengal Secret Consultations, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, 10 April 1834.

401

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/19 March 1833/30–1.

402

British Library, Bengal Secret Consultations, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, 19 June 1834, Wade to Macnaghten, 9 April 1834.

403

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/19 March 1833/30–1, ‘Abstract of intelligence from Kabul from the 3rd to the 25th of December 1832’.

404

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 19 June 1834, Gerard to Government, 8 April 1834.

405

Ibid.

406

Ibid.

407

Ibid., Wade to Macnaghten, 9 April 1834.

408

Ibid., Gerard to Government, 8 April 1834.

409

Ibid., Wade to Macnaghten, 9 April 1834.

410

Ibid., Wade to Masson, 6 April 1834.

411

Ibid., Wade to Macnaghten, 9 April 1834.

412

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/7, 6.

413

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 9 October 1834.

414

Emily Eden, quoted in Henry Morris, The Governors-General of India, Christian Literature Society for India, London, 1896, p. 53.

415

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 19 June 1834, Macnaghten to Wade, 26 May 1834.

416

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/2, Wade to Masson, 11 February 1835.

417

Ibid., Wade to Masson, 5 December 1834.

418

Anon., The Law Relating to India and the East India Company, W. H. Allen, London, 1842, p. 485.

419

The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, vol. 11 (September—December 1833), pp. 174–5.

420

Ibid., p. 84.

421

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 133.

422

British Library, MSS Eur. E.164, 50.

423

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 252.

424

Ibid., p. 87.

425

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, pp. 330–1.

426

Christine Noelle-Karimi, The Interaction Between State and Tribe in Nineteenth-century Afghanistan, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1995, p. 38.

427

Mohan Lal, Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan of Kabul: With His Political Proceedings Towards the English, Russian, and Persian Governments, Including the Victory and Disasters of the British Army in Afghanistan, Longman, London, 1846, p. 72.

428

Josiah Harlan, A memoir of India and Avghanistaun, with observations on the present exciting and critical state and future prospects of those countries, J. Dobson, Philadelphia, 1842, p. 154.

429

Ibid., p. 152.

430

Lal, Life of the Amir, p. 71.

431

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 86.

432

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, pp. 134–5.

433

British Library, MSS Eur. E.164, 50.

434

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, ‘Oriental Sketches’, 178.

435

British Library, MSS Eur. E.164, 50.

436

National Archives of India, Foreign/Political/4 May 1835/117–18.

437

British Library, IOR/P/SEC/BOM/82, Secret Consultations, 26 August 1834, Wade to Government, 27 July 1834.

438

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 334.

439

British Library, MSS Eur. E.164, 48.

440

Ibid., 19.

441

Ibid.

442

Ibid.

443

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 335.

444

Ibid., p. 338.

445

Richard Hartley Kennedy, Narrative of the campaign of the Indus, in Sind and Kaubool in 1838–9, Richard Bentley, London, 1840, vol. 2, p. 118.

446

Masson, V arious Journeys, vol. 3, p. 337.

447

Harlan, Memoir, pp. 158–9.

448

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 342.

449

Ibid., p. 344.

450

Ibid., p. 347.

451

Ibid., p. 350.

452

British Library MSS Eur. E.161, 15, Masson to Pottinger, 11 December 1834.

453

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 20 September 1834.

454

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 234.

455

Ibid.

456

Ibid., 234–5.

457

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, 3.12. Adapted from George Long, The Thoughts of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Lee and Shepard, Boston, 1876, p. 118.

458

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, Brownlow to Masson, 11 April 1835.

459

Ibid.

460

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 353.

461

Ibid.

462

British Library, MSS Eur. E.164, 15.

463

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/2, Wade to Masson, 5 March 1835.

464

Ibid., Wade to Masson, 25 July 1835.

465

Morning Post, 24 June 1842, p. 2.

466

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/27 July 1835/28.

467

Ibid., Foreign/Secret/27 July 1835/27.

468

British Library, Bengal Secret Consultations, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, 19 June 1834, Wade to Macnaghten, 9 April 1834.

469

National Archives (UK), Ellenborough Papers, PRO 30/12/29/1, 54.

470

Ibid.

471

Ibid., 69.

472

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/2, Wade to Masson, 19 August 1835.

473

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Macnaghten, 6 November 1837.

474

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 30 November 1835.

475

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 20 September 1834.

476

British Library MSS Eur. E.161, 5, Masson to Pottinger, 6 July 1834.

477

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 227.

478

Ibid., 176.

479

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 11 December 1834.

480

British Museum, Original Papers, OP 21/8/1835, Honigberger to Forshall, 21 August 1835.

481

Ibid., Hawkins to Forshall, 20 August 1835.

482

Данные актуальны на 2021 год. – Прим. ред.

483

Ibid., Hawkins to Forshall, 26 August 1835.

484

Ibid., Hawkins to Forshall, 31 August 1835.

485

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/7, 68.

486

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/2, Wade to Pottinger, 3 September 1835.

487

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Pottinger to J. P. Riach, 5 March 1836.

488

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 30 September 1835.

489

Ibid.

490

Ibid.

491

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/2, Wade to Masson, 25 December 1835.

492

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 30 September 1835.

493

Служитель мечети, чья задача – призывать на молитву. – Прим. ред.

494

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 129.

495

Стела, обнаруженная в 1799 году у египетского города Розетта. Камень произвел настоящую революцию в изучении Древнего Египта: французский исследователь Жан-Франсуа Шампольон смог дешифровать иероглифику не в последнюю очередь благодаря тому, что текст на Розеттском камне дублировался на древнегреческом и древнеегипетском языках. (Притом египетская надпись повторялась дважды – написанная иероглифами и демотическим письмом.) – Прим. ред.

496

William Fordyce Mavor, Universal History, Ancient and Modern: From the Earliest Records of Time, to the General Peace of 1801, Collins and Sons, Philadelphia, 1803, vol. 4, p. 357.

497

William Mitford, The History of Greece, Cadell and Davies, London, 1818, vol. 5, p. 343.

498

Connop Thirlwall, History of Greece, Longman, London, 1840, vol. 7, p. 369.

499

National Archives (UK), London, FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 23 April 1834.

500

British Library MSS Eur. E.165, 218.

501

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 26 May 1836.

502

James Prinsep, ‘Further notes and drawings of Bactrian and Indo-Scythic Coins’, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 4 (1835), p. 329.

503

Ibid., pp. 349–50.

504

Ibid., p. 290.

505

Ibid., p. 329.

506

Firdausi, Shahnama, vol. 6, p. 143.

507

The British Critic, vol. 13 (1833), p. 387.

508

Milinda Pañha, 39.

509

Mahāvaṃsa, 29.7.

510

Athenaeus of Naucratis, Deipnosophistae, 3.14.

511

Tim Whitmarsh and Stuart Thomson, The Romance Between Greece and the East, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2013, p. 6.

512

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, Brownlow to Masson, 28 March 1836.

513

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 362.

514

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 362.

515

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 225.

516

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 367.

517

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 224.

518

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, Brownlow to Masson, 28 March 1836.

519

Richard Hartley Kennedy, Various Journeys of the campaign of the Indus, in Sind and Kaubool in 1838–9, Richard Bentley, London, 1840, vol. 2, p. 118.

520

Honigberger, Thirty Five Years, p. 55.

521

Lal Sohan Lal Suri, Umdat-ut-tawarikh, S. Chand, Delhi, 1961, vol. 3, p. 286.

522

The Calcutta Review, vol. 7 (January—June 1847), p. 285.

523

Suri, Umdat-ut-tawarikh, vol. 3, p. 289.

524

The Calcutta Review, vol. 7 (January—June 1847), p. 285.

525

Punjab Archives (Lahore), Punjab Records, Book 142, letter 78.

526

Harlan, Memoir, frontispiece.

527

Grey and Garrett, European Adventurers, p. 261.

528

Ibid., p. 241.

529

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Pottinger to J. P. Riach, 5 March 1836.

530

Ibid., Pottinger to Masson, 7 April 1836.

531

Ibid., Pottinger to Masson, 8 March 1836.

532

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 129–30.

533

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 13 July 1836.

534

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 26 May 1836.

535

Anon., Correspondence Relating to Persia and Afghanistan, J. Harrison, London, 1839, pp. 395–6. Dost Mohammad to Government, 31 May 1836.

536

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, pp. 362–3.

537

Ibid., pp. 395–6.

538

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 20.

539

National Archives (UK), London, FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 9 October 1834.

540

Ibid., Pottinger to Masson, 15 January 1837.

541

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1836.

542

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, Masson to Brownlow, 26 June 1836.

543

Ibid., Brownlow to Masson, 28 March 1836.

544

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 223.

545

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Trevelyan, 15 February 1836.

546

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1836.

547

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Trevelyan, 15 February 1836.

548

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/2, Wade to Masson, 10 April 1836.

549

Godfrey Vigne, A personal narrative of a visit to Ghuzni, Kabul and Afghanistan, and of a residence at the court of Dost Mohamed, George Routledge, London, 1843, pp. 140–1.

550

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 13 July 1836.

551

Vigne, Various Journeys, p. 153.

552

Ibid., p. 382.

553

Ibid.

554

Ibid., p. 160.

555

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 14.

556

Vigne, Various Journeys, p. 212.

557

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 232–3.

558

Плоский гладкий диск из слоновой кости, British Museum, 1880.3828.u.

559

Монета из медного сплава (618–906), British Museum, IOLC.4641.

560

Овальная халцедоновая гемма янтарного цвета с женским профилем (I–II вв. н. э.) British Museum, 1880.3548.

561

Fredrik Hiebert and Pierre Cambon, Afghanistan: Crossroads of the Ancient World, British Museum Press, London, 2011.

562

Прозрачный стеклянный кубок, найден в Баграме в 1937 г., выставлен в парижском музее Guimet в 1976 г., опубликовано в Afghanistan: Ancient Land with Modern Ways, Ministry of Planning of the Royal Government of Afghanistan, Kabul, 1961, p. 34.

563

Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Ibn Jubayr, trans. J. C. Broadhurst, The Travels of Ibn Jubayr, Jonathan Cape, London, 1952, p. 33.

564

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Pottinger to Masson, 27 April 1837.

565

Wilson, Ariana Antiqua, p. 118.

566

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 219.

567

Firdausi, Shahnameh, vol. 6, p. 168.

568

Ibid., pp. 168–9.

569

British Library, MSS Eur. E.169, 103.

570

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 379.

571

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 16 January 1837.

572

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1836.

573

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, Brownlow to Masson, 22 September 1836.

574

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1836.

575

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, Brownlow to Masson, 22 September 1836.

576

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. 117.

577

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, Brownlow to Masson, 22 September 1836.

578

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. vii.

579

John Kaye, Lives of Indian Officers: illustrative of the history of the civil and military service of India, A. Strahan, London, 1867, vol. 2, p. 232.

580

Ibid., p. 233.

581

Ibid., pp. 237–8.

582

Ibid., Burnes to Murray, 25 January 1834.

583

National Library of Scotland, John Murray Archive, MS.42050.

584

National Library of Scotland, John Murray Archive, MS.42048, Burnes to Murray, 7 November 1834.

585

The Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 17 (1842), p. 435.

586

Burnes, Travels, vol. 1, p. 117.

587

Ibid., vol. 2, p. 214.

588

Henry Miers Elliot, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians, Trübner and Co., London, 1871, vol. 3, pp. 170–1.

589

Rudyard Kipling, Under the Deodars, Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 1914, pp. 189–236.

590

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Pottinger to Masson, 16 September 1838.

591

Ibid., Pottinger to Masson, 15 January 1837.

592

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 16 January 1837.

593

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 425.

594

Vigne, Narrative, pp. 158–9.

595

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, pp. 425–6.

596

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Masson, 2 June 1837.

597

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Pottinger to Masson, 5 October 1837.

598

The Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, vol. 18 (1834), p. 707.

599

The Manchester Times and Gazette, 9 January 1841.

600

British Library, MSS Eur. E.169/1, 81.

601

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Wade, 6 November 1837.

602

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, Burnes to Masson, 9 March 1836.

603

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, Journal of Alexander Burnes, 18 September 1837.

604

British Library, MSS Eur. E161/3, Burnes to Masson, 22 August 1837.

605

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 445.

606

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 20 September 1837.

607

Ibid., 21 September 1837.

608

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Masson, 2 June 1837.

609

Harlan, Memoir, p. 138.

610

National Archives of India, Foreign/Political/20 December 1837/34, Burnes to Macnaghten, 24 September 1837.

611

Harlan, Memoir, p. 139.

612

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 25 September 1837.

613

Ibid.

614

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 7 November 1837.

615

Kaye, Lives, vol. 2, p. 219.

616

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 439, Burnes to Masson, 6 August 1837.

617

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Macnaghten, 9 October 1837.

618

National Archives of India, Foreign/Political/31 July 1837/81–3.

619

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Pottinger to Masson, 27 March 1837.

620

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Colvin, 12 May 1837.

621

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 24 June 1838.

622

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Masson, 2 June 1837.

623

Alexander Burnes, Cabool: A Personal Various Journeys of a Journey To, and Residence in that City, in the Years 1836, 7, and 8, John Murray, London, 1843, p. 245.

624

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 452.

625

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/15 May 1837/8, Dost Mohammad Khan to Wade, 25 February 1837.

626

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 455.

627

Ibid., p. 459.

628

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 15 November 1837.

629

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 457.

630

Ibid., p. 456.

631

Ibid., p. 460.

632

Ibid., p. 456.

633

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 30 October 1837.

634

William Dalrymple, Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan, Bloomsbury, London, 2013, pp. 82–4.

635

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 7 November 1837.

636

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, 125, Burnes to Masson, undated.

637

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 9 January 1838.

638

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 30 December 1837.

639

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 464.

640

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, Burnes to Masson, 9 March 1836.

641

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Masson, 12 December 1837.

642

Harlan, Memoir, pp. 155–6.

643

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 459.

644

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 17 January 1838.

645

Ibid., 2 January 1838.

646

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 9 January 1838.

647

British Library, Add. MSS 37691, Colvin to Burnes, 13 September 1837.

648

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 27 January 1838.

649

Ibid., 5 February 1838.

650

Ibid., 18 January 1838.

651

Anon., Parliamentary Papers, Session 2, 31 May–13 August 1859, House of Commons, London, 1859, vol. 25, p. 115, Macnaghten to Burnes, 20 January 1838.

652

Anon., Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, Session, 5 February–27 August 1839, House of Commons, London, 1839, vol. 40, p. 31, Burnes to Macnaghten, 13 March 1838.

653

Harlan, Memoir, p. 171.

654

Anon., Accounts and Papers, p. 37.

655

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 469.

656

Ibid., p. 463.

657

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 19 February 1838.

658

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 475.

659

Lal, Life of the Amir, p. 312.

660

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 5 February 1838.

661

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 477.

662

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 3–4 March 1838.

663

Anon., Accounts and Papers, 41, Burnes to Dost Mohammad Khan, 22 April 1838.

664

Ibid., Dost Mohammad Khan to Burnes, 23 April 1838.

665

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 476.

666

Burnes, Cabool, pp. 269–70.

667

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 22 April 1838.

668

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 478.

669

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 24 April 1838.

670

Ibid., 25 April 1838.

671

Gertrude Landa (pseud. Aunt Naomi), Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends, Shapiro, Valentine & Co., London, 1900, pp. 286–8. Adapted from Talmud, Tamid, 32a—b.

672

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 8 May 1838.

673

Walter Thornberry, Old and New London: the city ancient and modern, Cassell, London, 1887, p. 184.

674

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, H. H. Wilson to James Prinsep, 21 May 1836.

675

Lush – запой, muss – ссора, pratt – зад, thorn hill – дословно терновый холм, shank – голень (англ.). – Прим. ред.

676

British Library MSS E/4/1062, Bombay Dispatches, 5 January–31 May 1838, 67.

677

Ibid.

678

Grey and Garrett, European Adventurers, p. 130.

679

Herbert Benjamin Edwardes, Life of Sir Henry Lawrence, Smith, Elder, London, 1872, pp. 295–6.

680

Julian James Cotton, General Avitabile, Edinburgh Press, Calcutta, 1906, p. 16.

681

Ibid., pp. 19–20.

682

Grey and Garrett, European Adventurers, pp. 130–1.

683

Cotton, General Avitabile, p. 25.

684

Daniel Henry MacKinnon, Military Service and Adventures in the Far East, Charles Oliver, London, 1847, vol. 1, pp. 247–8.

685

Ibid., pp. 245–6.

686

Cotton, General Avitabile, pp. 21–2.

687

MacKinnon, Military Service, vol. 1, p. 249.

688

Ibid., pp. 248–50.

689

Erich Von Schonberg, Travels In India And Kashmir, Hurst and Blackett, London, 1853, vol. 1, pp. 310–11.

690

Edwardes, Life of Sir Henry Lawrence, p. 292.

691

Cotton, General Avitabile, p. 59.

692

Edwardes, Life of Sir Henry Lawrence, pp. 295–6.

693

Cotton, General Avitabile, p. 16: ‘Per amore di Dio, fatemi partire da questo paese.’

694

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 6 May 1838.

695

Ibid.

696

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 6 May 1838.

697

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 8 May 1838.

698

Ibid., Pottinger to Masson, 4 June 1838.

699

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1838.

700

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 8 May 1838.

701

Ibid.

702

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Macnaghten to Masson, 23 May 1838.

703

Ibid., Burnes to Masson, 2 June 1838.

704

Ibid., Burnes to Masson, 22 June 1838.

705

Worcester College, Oxford, MS.109, 8 June 1838.

706

Craig Murray, Sikunder Burnes: Master of the Great Game, Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2016, p. 135.

707

Emily Eden, Up the Country, Richard Bentley, London, 1867, p. 148.

708

William Osborne, The court and camp of Runjeet Singh, Henry Colburn, London, 1840, p. 73.

709

Ibid., pp. 79–80.

710

Ibid., p. 90.

711

Ibid., p. 198.

712

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/3 October 1838/104, Torrens to Macnaghten, 15 May 1838.

713

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/17 October 1838/71, Burnes to Macnaghten, 2 June 1838.

714

John Kaye, History of the War in Afghanistan, W. R. Allen, London, 1874, vol. 1, p. 356.

715

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 8 June 1838.

716

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/17 Oct 1838/72.

717

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, 16.

718

Eden, Up the Country, p. 140.

719

George Buist, Outline of the operations of the British troops in Scinde and Afghanistan, Times Office, Bombay, 1843, p. 21.

720

Eden, Up the Country, p. 145.

721

По сей день в Шимле стоят щиты с предостережением об «обезьяньей угрозе», а по Молл-Род разгуливают огромные серые обезьяны, разгоняющие толпы людей. – Прим. автора.

722

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 8 June 1838.

723

Ibid., Burnes to Holland, 27 June 1838.

724

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Masson, 27 June 1838.

725

Cotton, General Avitabile, p. 24.

726

Ibid., p. 26.

727

The Calcutta Review, vol. 123 (July 1906), p. 549. See also British Library, F/4/2034/92125, F/4/1992/88327.

728

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 22 July 1838.

729

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 24 June 1838.

730

British Library, MSS Eur. E.162, 8.

731

Или Цезарь, или никто (лат.). – Прим. автора.

732

Kaye, History of the War, pp. 366–7.

733

British Library, MSS Eur. E.359/6, Colvin Diaries, 12 July 1838.

734

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 490.

735

British Library, MSS Eur. E.359/6, Colvin Diaries, 4 July 1838.

736

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 6 May 1838.

737

British Library, MSS Eur. E.359/6, Colvin Diaries, 13 July 1838.

738

Kaye, Lives, vol. 2, p. 37.

739

British Library, MSS Eur. E.162, 11.

740

Eden, Up the Country, p. 157.

741

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 22 July 1838.

742

Cotton, General Avitabile, p. 25.

743

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 127.

744

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Burnes to Masson, 4 August 1838.

745

Редчайший случай, когда нищего дезертира назвали джентльменом. – Прим. автора.

746

Ibid.

747

Ibid.

748

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 122.

749

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Burnes to Masson, 4 August 1838.

750

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Masson, 13 September 1838.

751

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 10 September 1838.

752

Джон Булль – собирательный образ англичанина. – Прим. ред.

753

Ibid., Pottinger to Masson, 16 September 1838.

754

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 10 September 1838.

755

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1838.

756

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, Burnes to Masson, 5 September 1838.

757

British Library, MSS Eur. E.162, 4.

758

Anon., The Bengal and Agra Annual Guide and Gazetteer for 1841, William Rushton and Co., Calcutta, 1841, p. 274.

759

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Jephson to Masson, 23 August 1838.

760

Ibid.

761

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 134.

762

British Library, IOR/P/BEN/SEC/380, Bengal Secret Consultations, 19 June 1834, Macnaghten to Wade, 26 May 1834.

763

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/2, Wade to Masson, 11 February 1835.

764

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 134.

765

Ibid., 136.

766

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Jephson to Masson, 23 August 1838.

767

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 122.

768

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/35, Burnes to Jacob, 5 August 1838.

769

Ibid., Burnes to Holland, 6 May 1838.

770

Ibid., Burnes to Jacob, 5 August 1838.

771

Ibid.

772

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1838.

773

Ibid.

774

Ibid.

775

Ibid., Masson to the Government of India, 16 October 1838.

776

Eden, Up the Country, p. 175.

777

Ibid., p. 169.

778

National Archives of India, Foreign/Political/24 October 1838/8.

779

Adapted from E. Hultzsch, Inscriptions of Asoka, Clarendon Press for the Government of India, Oxford, 1925, p. 44.

780

Charles Masson, ‘Narrative of an Excursion from Peshá w er to Sháh-Báz Ghari’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 8 (1846), p. 295.

781

Ibid., p. 296.

782

Ibid., p. 298.

783

Ibid., p. 301.

784

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 3, p. 489.

785

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 16.

786

National Archives of India, Foreign/Political/6 July 1835/16, Wade to Macnaghten, 10 June 1835.

787

Ibid.

788

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 43.

789

National Archives of India/Foreign/Secret/11 June 1838/74.

790

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 123.

791

The Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Political Journal, vol. 22 (1843), p. 292.

792

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 128.

793

Eden, Up the Country, p. 209.

794

Ibid., pp. 208–9.

795

Ibid., p. 199.

796

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, Stacy to Masson, 13 December 1838.

797

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 4 (1835), p. 622.

798

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, Stacy to Masson, 19 December 1838.

799

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1838.

800

British Library, MSS Eur. E.162, 9.

801

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 66.

802

The Times, 4 November 1842, p. 3.

803

James Elroy Flecker, ‘The Ballad of Iskander’, quoted in Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, vol. 69 (1986), p. 372.

804

C. A. Bloss, Ancient History, illustrated by colored maps, and a chronological chart, for the use of families and schools, Clark and Maynard, New York, 1869, p. 263.

805

Plutarch, On tranquillity of mind, 4.

806

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Jephson, quoted in Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1838.

807

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 135.

808

National Archives of India, Foreign/Secret/28 September 1842/43, Burnes to Holland, 29 November 1838.

809

Kaye, History of the War, vol. 2, p. 172.

810

Eden, Up the Country, p. 233.

811

William Nott, Memoirs and correspondence of Major-General Sir William Nott, Hurst and Blackett, London, 1854, vol. 1, pp. 90–1.

812

Ibid., p. 91.

813

Ibid.

814

The Eclectic Magazine, vol. 9 (1846), p. 364.

815

Punjab Archives (Lahore), Punjab Records, book 139, letter 8.

816

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 135.

817

Ibid.

818

Josiah Harlan, ‘Personal Narrative of General Harlan’s Eighteen Years’ Residence in Asia’, appendix to Harlan, Memoir, pp. 4–5.

819

Ibid., p. 4.

820

Ibid., p. 6.

821

Историческое общество округа Честер (ИОГЧ). Документы Харлана, электронное письмо Эккарта Шивека в ИОГЧ, 11 января 2008 г.

822

Там же, лист без номера, 16 октября 1839 г.

823

Harlan, Central Asia, p. 145.

824

United States Gazette, quoted in Harlan, Memoir, p. 1.

825

Harlan, ‘Personal Narrative’, p. 6.

826

Ibid., p. 5.

827

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, Miscellaneous Papers/1830s Folder, Stacy to Harlan, 17 December 1838.

828

Ibid., 10 August 1839.

829

Ibid., ‘Oriental Sketches’, 6.

830

Ibid., Miscellaneous Papers/1830s Folder, Harlan to G. H. Macgregor, Superintendent of Police, 19 October 1839.

831

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/1, 193, Pottinger to Masson, 15 October 1839.

832

Ibid., Pottinger to Masson, 25 October 1839.

833

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/3, 34, Burnes to Masson, 20 September 1838.

834

Royal Geographical Society, Henry Rawlinson Papers, 4, Journal, 1 December 1839.

835

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 108.

836

Royal Geographical Society, Henry Rawlinson Papers, 4, Journal, 1 December 1839.

837

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 20.

838

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 3 November 1839.

839

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 2 October 1839.

840

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 21 February 1840.

841

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 20.

842

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1838.

843

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 21 February 1840.

844

Royal Geographical Society, Henry Rawlinson Papers, 4, Journal, 1 December 1839.

845

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 3 November 1839.

846

Royal Geographical Society, Henry Rawlinson Papers, 4, Journal, 1 December 1839.

847

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 189.

848

Ibid., 165.

849

Quoted in The Caledonian Mercury, 7 November 1842, p. 2.

850

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 2 October 1839.

851

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 21 February 1840.

852

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 3 November 1839.

853

Ibid., Masson to Pottinger, 20 February 1840.

854

Royal Geographical Society, Henry Rawlinson Papers, 4, Journal, 1 December 1839.

855

Ibid.

856

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 21 February 1840.

857

James Atkinson, Sketches in Afghaunistan, H. Graves, London, 1842, pp. xi—xii.

858

James Rattray, The costumes of the various tribes, portraits of ladies of rank, celebrated princes and chiefs, views of the principal fortresses and cities, and interior of the cities and temples of Afghaunistaun, Hering & Remington, London, 1848, p. 13.

859

Illustrated London News, 3 September 1910, p. 353.

860

Rattray, Costumes, p. 13.

861

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 226.

862

Ibid., 137.

863

Ibid.

864

Ibid.

865

Ibid.

866

Bombay Times, 31 March 1841, p. 203.

867

Charles Masson, Various Journeys of a Journey to Kalât, Including an Insurrection at that Place in 1840: And a Memoir on Eastern Balochistan, Richard Bentley, London, 1843, p. 10.

868

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 111.

869

Ibid., p. 91.

870

Ibid., p. 90.

871

Adapted from H. T. Lambrick, ‘Observations on Baloch Poetry of the Sind Border’, Journal of the Sind Historical Society, vol. 5 (1942), p. 180.

872

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 106.

873

The Asiatic Journal, vol. 34 (January—April 1841), p. 190, Loveday to family members, 25 January 1840.

874

Masson, Kalât, pp. 117–18.

875

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 106.

876

Masson, Kalât, p. 69.

877

Чиновничий титул в империи Моголов. – Прим. ред.

878

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 106.

879

Masson, Kalât, p. 68.

880

The London Quarterly Review, October 1846, p. 264.

881

Ibid.

882

James Burnes, Notes on his name and family, printed for private circulation, Edinburgh, 1851, p. 64.

883

The Asiatic Journal, vol. 34 (January—April 1841), p. 186, Loveday to family members, 27 January 1839.

884

Ibid., p. 187, Loveday to family members, 9 May 1839.

885

Ibid., p. 190, Loveday to family members, 25 November 1839.

886

Masson, Kalât, pp. 77–8.

887

Ibid., p. 71.

888

Ibid.

889

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 107.

890

Ibid., 106.

891

Ibid., 107.

892

Ibid., 75; The Calcutta Englishman, 14 January 1841, p. 3.

893

Masson, Kalât, pp. 117–18.

894

Ibid.

895

The Asiatic Journal, vol. 34 (January—April 1841), p. 187, Loveday to family members, 9 May 1839.

896

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 3 November 1839.

897

Adapted from Gholam Mahomed Khan Mazari, ed. T. L. J. Mayer, Baloch Classics, CMS Mission Press, Sikandra, Agra, 1906, pp. 1–2.

898

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 107.

899

Ibid., 108.

900

Masson, Kalât, p. 133.

901

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 109.

902

Masson, Kalât, p. 137.

903

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 5, Rawlinson to Macnaghten, 21 October 1840.

904

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 164–5.

905

The Asiatic Journal, vol. 35 (May—August 1841), p. 185.

906

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 164–5, Loveday to Captain J. D. D. Bean, quoted in Bean to Bell, 2 January 1841.

907

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 164–5.

908

Ibid.

909

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 110.

910

Masson, Kalât, p. 143.

911

Ibid., p. 150.

912

Ibid., p. 148.

913

Ibid., pp. 150–1.

914

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 112.

915

Masson, Kalât, pp. 151–2.

916

Ibid., p. 154.

917

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 110.

918

Masson, Kalât, p. 154.

919

Ibid., p. 150.

920

The Asiatic Journal, vol. 34 (January—April 1841), p. 190, Loveday to family members, August 1840.

921

Masson, Kalât, p. 156.

922

Ibid., p. 157.

923

Ibid.

924

Ibid., p. 166.

925

Ibid., p. 167.

926

Ibid., p. 165.

927

Bombay Times, 2 January 1841, p. 4.

928

Masson, Kalât, p. 165.

929

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 110.

930

Ibid., 115.

931

Ibid., 201–2.

932

The Asiatic Journal, vol. 34 (January—April 1841), p. 190, Loveday to family members, August 1840.

933

Masson, Kalât, p. 169.

934

Ibid., p. 176.

935

Ibid., p. 182.

936

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 116; British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 24, Loveday to Bean, 26 August 1840.

937

Masson, Kalât, pp. 193–4.

938

Ibid., pp. 174–5.

939

Ibid., p. 197.

940

Ibid., p. 196.

941

Ibid., p. 198.

942

Ibid., pp. 200–1.

943

Ibid., p. 203.

944

Adapted from Mazari, Baloch Classics, pp. 10–12.

945

Masson, Kalât, p. 206.

946

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 117.

947

Masson, Kalât, p. 203.

948

Ibid., p. 204.

949

Ibid., pp. 208–9.

950

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 120.

951

Masson, Kalât, p. 214.

952

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 25.

953

Masson, Kalât, p. 214.

954

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 124.

955

Masson, Kalât, p. 221.

956

Ibid., p. 228.

957

British Library, IOR/F/4/2009/89688, 11.

958

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 25.

959

Ibid., 26, Bean to Gul Mohammad, 31 August 1840.

960

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 31.

961

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 154.

962

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 45.

963

Ibid., 31.

964

Masson, Kalât, 230.

965

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 31, Loveday to Bean, 14 September 1840.

966

Masson, Kalât, p. 229.

967

Ibid., p. 237.

968

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 120.

969

Masson, Kalât, p. 234.

970

Ibid., p. 236.

971

Ibid., p. 246.

972

Ibid.

973

Ibid., p. 247.

974

Loveday to Bean, 27 September 1840, quoted in Anon., Alphabetical catalogue of the contents of the pre-mutiny records of the commissioner in Sind, Commissioner’s Printing Press, Karachi, 1857, p. 213.

975

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 43, Loveday to Bean, 24 September 1840.

976

Masson, Kalât, p. 238.

977

Ibid., p. 249.

978

Ibid.

979

Ibid., p. 250.

980

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 43–4, Loveday to Bean, 24 September 1840.

981

Ibid., 43, Loveday to Bean, 24 September 1840.

982

Masson, Kalât, p. 252.

983

Ibid., p. 254.

984

Ibid., pp. 254–5.

985

British Library, IOR/H/797, Bell to Bean, 29 September 1840.

986

Ibid., Bell to Colvin, 19 October 1840.

987

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, 36–7.

988

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/550, 33.

989

Masson, Kalât, p. 255.

990

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 123.

991

Masson, Kalât, p. 259.

992

British Library, IOR/F/4/2009/89688, 64–5.

993

Masson, Kalât, p. 259.

994

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 26, Bean to Loveday, 21 August 1840.

995

Masson, Kalât, pp. 226–7.

996

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 43, Loveday to Bean, 24 September 1840.

997

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, 29–31, Masson to Bean, 25 September 1840.

998

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 24, Bean to Macnaghten, 31 August 1840.

999

Ibid., 29, Macnaghten to Bean, 10 September 1840.

1000

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 164–5, Bean to Bell, 2 January 1841.

1001

Ibid., 13 March 1841, pp. 164–5.

1002

Ibid., Bean to Bell, 2 January 1841.

1003

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 106.

1004

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, 33.

1005

Masson, Kalât, p. 257, Bean to Masson, 29 September 1840.

1006

Burnes, Notes, p. 58.

1007

Воксхолл-Гарденс – лондонский увеселительный сад. – Прим. автора.

1008

Kennedy, Various Journeys, vol. 2, p. 118.

1009

Kaye, Lives, pp. 46–7, Burnes to Lord, 22 November 1839.

1010

Grey and Garrett, European Adventurers, p. 236.

1011

Murray, Sikunder Burnes, p. 213.

1012

Ibid., p. 158.

1013

Quoted in Dalrymple, Return of a King, p. 86.

1014

Murray, Sikunder Burnes, p. 344.

1015

Bombay Times, 18 November 1840, pp. 738–9.

1016

British Library, MSS Eur. E.163, 16.

1017

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/7, 1–2.

1018

Ibid., 49, Masson to Wade, June 1836.

1019

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/126.

1020

Kaye, Lives, pp. 46–7, Burnes to Lord, 22 November 1839.

1021

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 23, T. Postans to Masson, 28 November 1840.

1022

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 2, pp. 360–1.

1023

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, 34–5, Masson to Macnaghten, 25 September 1840.

1024

Masson, Kalât, p. 262, Macnaghten to Masson, 10 October 1840.

1025

Quoted in British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 137.

1026

Quoted in H. T. Lambrick, ‘Charles Masson’s detention in Quetta, September 1840–January 1841’, Journal of the Sind Historical Society, vols 5–6 (1941–2), p. 80, Bean to Masson, 25 September 1840.

1027

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 15.

1028

Ibid., 16.

1029

Ibid., 26.

1030

Ibid., 27.

1031

Bombay Times, 14 August 1840, p. 522.

1032

Ibid., 14 November 1838, p. 730.

1033

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 17.

1034

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 123.

1035

Masson, Kalât, pp. 259–60.

1036

British Library, IOR/F/4/2009/89688, 65–6.

1037

Masson, Kalât, p. 259.

1038

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 123.

1039

British Library, MSS Eur. E.162, 76.

1040

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 162–3.

1041

Ibid.

1042

Ibid.

1043

Ibid.

1044

The Calcutta Englishman, 14 January 1841, p. 3.

1045

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 49, Stacy to Masson, 29 December 1840.

1046

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 162–3.

1047

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 124.

1048

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, 23.

1049

Masson, Kalât, p. 263.

1050

British Library, MSS Eur. E161/6, 31, Stacy to Masson, 26 June 1841.

1051

Nott, Memoirs, p. 268.

1052

Ibid., p. 248.

1053

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 37–8.

1054

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 35, Stacy to Masson, 4 November 1840.

1055

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 386.

1056

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 35, Stacy to Masson, 4 November 1840.

1057

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 950, Stacy to Bell, 27 December 1840.

1058

Ibid.

1059

National Archives, London, FO 705/32, Jephson to Masson, 23 August 1838.

1060

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 950, Stacy to Bell, 27 December 1840; British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, Nott to Bell, 3 November 1840.

1061

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/155, 357, Maddock to Bell, 11 January 1841.

1062

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 42.

1063

Lambrick, ‘Charles Masson’s detention’, p. 83.

1064

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 42.

1065

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 42, Stacy to Masson, 23 November 1840.

1066

Ibid., 36, Stacy to Masson, 14 November 1840.

1067

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 164–5, Bell to Masson, 14 December 1840.

1068

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 44.

1069

Ibid.

1070

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 950, Stacy to Bell, 27 December 1840.

1071

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 25, Stacy to Masson, 27 December 1840.

1072

Ibid.

1073

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 123.

1074

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 45, Stacy to Masson, 18 December 1840.

1075

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/155, 916, Stacy to Bell, 17 December 1840.

1076

Ibid., 923.

1077

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 55.

1078

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/155, 930, Maddock to Macnaghten, 23 January 1841.

1079

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 42.

1080

Ibid., 40, Jephson to Masson, 27 March 1841.

1081

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/7, 65.

1082

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 42, Stacy to Masson, 23 November 1840.

1083

Masson, Kalât, p. 267, Bean to Bell, 2 January 1841.

1084

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 162–3.

1085

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 33, Jephson to Masson, 12 December 1840.

1086

Ibid.

1087

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 154.

1088

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/552, 34–5.

1089

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/154, 47, Macnaghten to Torrens, 8 October 1840.

1090

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, 47–8, Bell to Maddock, 9 January 1841.

1091

Ibid., 46, Bell to Masson, 9 January 1841.

1092

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/5, 29, Hammersley to Masson, 29 December 1840.

1093

Masson, Kalât, pp. 272–3.

1094

Adapted from M. Longworth Dames, Popular Poetry of the Baloches, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1907, vol. 1, pp. 272–3.

1095

Bombay Courier, 13 March 1841, p. 82.

1096

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, p. 162.

1097

Lal, Travels, p. 485.

1098

Jivanji Jamshedji Modi, Oriental Conference Papers, The Fort Printing Press, Bombay, 1932, p. 59.

1099

Quintus Curtius Rufus, History of Alexander, 4.4.16–17.

1100

Здесь и далее «История Александра Македонского» цитируется в переводе В.С. Соколова, А.Ч. Козаржевского.

1101

Ibid., 4.6.28.

1102

Ibid., 4.6.29.

1103

В «Илиаде» Ахилл, одержав победу над Гектором, дает волю своему гневу и оскверняет тело врага – привязывает к колеснице и возвращается так в лагерь. Суть подражания Ахиллу заключалась в том, что Александр Македонский возводил к нему свое происхождение. – Прим. ред.

1104

Перевод М.Е. Сергеенко. – Прим. ред.

1105

Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History, 17.70.

1106

Adapted from the Book of Arda Viraf, 1.1–7.

1107

Уилер Мортимер (1890–1976) – британский исследователь, археолог, член Лондонского королевского общества, действительный член Британской академии. Был генеральным директором археологического управления Индии, основателем Археологического института университетского колледжа Лондона. На русском языке были изданы его книги «Древний Индостан. Раннеиндийская цивилизация» (М.: Центрополиграф, 2005), «Пламя над Персеполем» (М.: Наука, 1972). – Прим. ред.

1108

Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler, F lames over Persepolis: Turning point in History, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1968, p. 23.

1109

Ibid., p. 64.

1110

Kaye, Lives, vol. 3, p. 49.

1111

Kaye, History of the War, vol. 1, p. 137.

1112

Kaye, Lives, vol. 3, p. 49.

1113

Ibid., p. 48.

1114

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, Masson to Pottinger, 2 October 1839.

1115

Ibid.

1116

National Library of Scotland, John Murray Archive, MS.42633, Ledger of Manuscripts Returned and Received, 11 July 1840.

1117

Ibid., MS.40970, Pottinger to Murray, 4 February 1841.

1118

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/1, 205, Pottinger to Mrs Lewis [Masson’s mother], 4 January 1841.

1119

National Library of Scotland, John Murray Archive, MS.40970, Pottinger to Murray, 4 February 1841.

1120

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/1, 207, Pottinger to Masson, 25 July 1841.

1121

Дравидийский народ, населяющий Пакистан. – Прим. ред.

1122

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 35, Stacy to Masson, 12 July 1841.

1123

Ibid., 41, unknown author to Jephson, 11 March 1841.

1124

Ibid., 41, unknown author to Jephson, 26 January 1841.

1125

Имеется в виду статуя Чарльза Корнуоллиса, генерал-губернатора Индии с 1787 по 1793 год. Памятник был поврежден в 1960-х и перемещен в музей доктора Бхау Даджи Лада. – Прим. ред.

1126

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, Maddock to Bell, 1 February 1841.

1127

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 190–1.

1128

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 34, Stacy to Masson, 28 June 1841.

1129

Сипаи – наемные солдаты, которых британцы набирали из местного индийского населения. – Прим. ред.

1130

Ibid.

1131

Ibid., 31–2, Stacy to Masson, 26 June 1841.

1132

Ibid., 35, Stacy to Masson, 12 July 1841.

1133

Ibid., Stacy to Masson, 7 July 1841.

1134

Ibid.

1135

Ibid., 36, Stacy to Masson, 26 July 1841.

1136

Ibid., 35, Stacy to Masson, 7 July 1841.

1137

Ibid., 29–30, Stacy to Masson, 24 June 1841.

1138

Ibid., 18, Stacy to Masson, 6 May 1841.

1139

Ibid., 29–30, Stacy to Masson, 24 June 1841.

1140

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 156.

1141

British Library, MSS Eur. E.195, Maddock to Bell, 1 February 1841.

1142

Bombay Times, 13 March 1841, pp. 164–5, Masson to Bell, 24 December 1840.

1143

British Library, MSS Eur. E.167, 58.

1144

Masson, Kalât, p. 276.

1145

British Library, MSS Eur. E161/6, 40, Jephson to Masson, 7 April 1841.

1146

British Library, Bombay Political Consultations, IOR/F/4/1944/84442, 11.

1147

The Calcutta Review, vol. 2 (October—December 1844), 248.

1148

British Library, MSS Eur. E.162, 6.

1149

Maulana Hamid Kashmiri, Akbarnama, 1.

1150

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 190–1.

1151

Kaye, Lives, vol. 2, p. 61.

1152

Kaye, History of the War, vol. 2, p. 3.

1153

Kaye, Lives, vol. 2, p. 62.

1154

The Asiatic Journal, vol. 38 (May—August 1842), p. 177.

1155

Здесь и далее «История» Геродота цитируется в переводе Г.А. Стратановского. – Прим. ред.

1156

Herodotus, Histories II.143.

1157

E. Errington, ‘Rediscovering the collections of Charles Masson’, in M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter, Coins, Art and Chronology: Essays on the pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, 1999, p. 211.

1158

The Times, 7 February 1842, p. 4.

1159

Ibid., 10 March 1842, p. 5.

1160

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 31–2, Stacy to Masson, 26 June 1841.

1161

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/1, 90, Pottinger to Masson, 27 September 1839.

1162

Древняя Ариана (лат.). Ариана – название области между Центральной Азией и рекой Инд, которое использовали античные авторы. – Прим. ред.

1163

Wilson, Ariana Antiqua, p. 439.

1164

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/7, 14.

1165

Wilson, Ariana Antiqua, p. 441.

1166

Bodleian Library, Oxford, Afghan.1.d.1, 203.

1167

Ibid., 139.

1168

Ibid., 347.

1169

Ibid., 400.

1170

Ibid., 429.

1171

Ibid., 123.

1172

Ibid., 119.

1173

British Library, Add. MS 46614, vol. 60, 118.

1174

The Times, 4 November 1842, p. 3.

1175

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 156.

1176

British Library, IOR/L/PS/5/552, 209–10.

1177

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/6, 40, Jephson to Masson, 7 April 1841.

1178

The London Gazette for the Year 1845, vol. 1 (1845), p. 985.

1179

British Museum, BM-OP 20.6.1847, J. M. Ludlow to H. B. Ker, 20 June 1847.

1180

British Museum, BM-TM 24.7.1847, Standing Committee Papers, 24. July 1847, 7301.2.

1181

British Library, IOR/F/4/2009/89688, IOR/F/4/2009/89689.

1182

Masson, Various Journeys, vol. 1, pp. vii—xii.

1183

The Caledonian Mercury, 7 November 1842, p. 2.

1184

The Times, 8 February 1842, p. 4.

1185

The Calcutta Review, vol. 10 (1848), p. 220.

1186

J. A. Norris, The First Afghan War, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1967, p. 200.

1187

Ibid., p. 252.

1188

Ibid., p. 188.

1189

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, Miscellaneous Papers/1850s and 1860s, 2981.

1190

Около 1,82 метра. – Прим. ред.

1191

Ibid., 3004.

1192

Ibid., 2988.

1193

Ibid., 2986–7.

1194

Harlan, Memoir, p. 2.

1195

Ibid., p. 2.

1196

Quoted in ibid., p. 1.

1197

Chester County Historical Society, Harlan Papers, Miscellaneous Papers/1880s.

1198

Ibid., Miscellaneous Papers/1840s, unnumbered folio.

1199

British Library, MSS Eur. F.526.

1200

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/7, 16.

1201

Ibid., 22.

1202

National Archives (UK), Family Records, FR.1, Marriage Certifi cate 167, Stoke Newington, 19 February 1844.

1203

British Library, MSS Eur. F.526, unnumbered folio.

1204

Нектанеб II – фараон XXX династии. Существовала легенда, что якобы настоящим отцом Александра был не Филипп, а Нектанеб. – Прим. ред.

1205

Edward Daniel Clarke, The Tomb of Alexander, a Dissertation on the Sarcophagus brought from Alexandria, and now in the British Museum, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1805.

1206

Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, Baburnama, Folio Society, London, 2013, p. 761.

1207

National Archives (UK), Family Records, FR.4, Death Certificate 224, Edmonton, Middlesex, 5 November 1853.

1208

David Traill, Schliemann of Troy: Treasure and Deceit, John Murray, London, 1995, p. 3.

1209

Ibid., p. 6.

1210

Ibid., pp. 10–13.

1211

Артур Эванс не совсем создал лабиринт: он реконструировал Кносс, хотя для археологов эта реконструкция действительно довольно неоднозначное наследие. – Прим. ред.

1212

Edmund Richardson, ‘Seven Lost Cities Swallowed Up By Time’, Atlas Obscura, 8 October 2013 [online]: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/seven-lost-cities-swallowed-up-by-time.

1213

Evelyn Waugh, L abels, Duckworth, London, 1974, p. 136.

1214

Cathy Gere, Knossos and the Prophets of Modernism, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2010.

1215

Leonard Woolley, As I Seem to Remember, Allen & Unwin, London, 1962, pp. 21–3.

1216

Gere, Knossos, p. 105.

1217

British Library, MSS Eur. E.161/4, 14.

1218

P. M. Fraser, Cities of Alexander the Great, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996, pp. 147–8.

1219

George Grote, History of Greece, John Murray, London, 1856, vol. 12, p. 201.

1220

Todd Greentree, ‘A Letter from Bagram’ [online]: http://www.theamerican-interest.com/2009/07/01/a-letter-from-bagram/.

1221

. ‘British Museum to open three new galleries to tell “interconnected story of the world”’. Evening Standard (London), 4 July 2017 [online]: https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/arts/britishmuseum-to-open-three-new-galleries-to-tell-interconnected-storyof-the-world-a3579101.html.

1222

Gandhara School relief (Kushan period), British Museum, 1970,0718.1.

1223

Sushma Jansari, ‘The oldest, dateable depiction of the Buddha in human form’, 20 November 2018 [online]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZMqY3d-dQA.

1224

British Museum, Trustees’ Minutes, BM.TM.13.12.1879. Элизабет Эррингтон, глава проекта «Массон» Британского музея, чьи работы пролили яркий свет на коллекции Массона, занималась и последующей историей его находок. Ее исследования получили заслуженное признание: Elizabeth Errington, The Charles Masson Archive: British Library, British Museum and Other Documents Relating to the 1832–1838 Masson Collection from Afghanistan, British Museum Press, London, 2017.

1225

British Museum, Department of Asia, BM.Asia.6.1.1880.

1226

Ibid.

1227

Errington, Charles Masson, p. 25.

1228

British Museum, Department of Asia, BM.Asia.1.8.1882.

1229

Wilson, Ariana Antiqua, p. 26.

1230

British Library, MSS Eur. E.165, 190–1.

1231

Denise Blake Oleksijczuk, The First Panoramas: Visions of British Imperialism, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2011, p. 12.

1232

The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, vol. 38 (June 1842), pp. 174–5.

1233

Ibid.

1234

Robert Burford, Description of a view of the city of Cabul, the capital of Aff ghanistan, with the surrounding country, now exhibiting at the Panorama, Leicester Square, G. Nichols, London, 1842, frontispiece.

1235

G. T. Vigne, ‘Chief wrestler at Kabul’ (watercolour, 1835–8), Victoria and Albert Museum, SD.1109.

1236

James Atkinson, ‘Umeer Dost Mahomed Khan’, in Atkinson, Character and Costume, p. 15.

1237

Burford, The city of Cabul, frontispiece.

1238

The Times, 4 November 1842, p. 3.

1239

National Archives (UK), FO 705/32, Masson to Pottinger, 18 October 1838. – Прим. ред.