CHAPTER VII
Moscow, Russia’s favourite daughter,
Where is your equal to be found?
Dmitriyev
One can’t but love one’s native Moscow.
Baratynsky
‘Reviling Moscow! This is what
You get from seeing the world!
Where is it better, then?
Where we are not.’
Griboyedov1
1
Chased by the vernal beams, already
Down the surrounding hills the snow
Has run in turbid streams that eddy
On to the flooded fields below;
Nature, not yet from sleep returning,
Greets with a smile the new year’s morning.
The skies shine with a bluish sheen,
Transparent still, the woods turn green,
Lending the trees a downy cover,
The bee flies from its waxen comb,
Bringing the meadows’ tribute home.
The dales dry out and colour over.
Herds low, the hush of darkness brings
The nightingale that newly sings.
2
How sad to me is spring’s arrival,
Season of love, when all’s in bud!
What languid tumult, what upheaval
Disturb my soul, disturb my blood!
With what a heavy, tender feeling
I revel in the season, breathing
The vernal wind that fans my face
In some secluded, rural place!
Or am I now estranged from pleasure,
Does all that gladdens, animates,
All that exults and radiates
Cast boredom, languor in like measure
Upon a soul long dead, does all
Seem dark to it, funereal?
3
Or, cheerless, when the leaves of autumn
Are resurrected by the spring,
We recollect a bitter fortune,
Hearing the woods’ new murmuring;
Or we, in troubled contemplation
Compare with nature’s animation
The withered years of our estate,
That nothing can resuscitate.
Perhaps in thought we may recover,
When caught in a poetic haze,
Some other spring of older days
That once more sets our hearts aquiver
With dreams of some far distant clime,
A wondrous night, a moon sublime…
4
It’s time: good idlers, I beseech you,
Epicureans to the soul,
You, fortune’s favourites, I entreat you, You,
fledglings of the Lyovshin2 school,
You rural Priams3 in your manors,
You, ladies blessed with gentle manners,
Spring calls you to the country soil,
Season of warmth, of flowers and toil,
Season of blissful walks and wandering,
Betokening seductive nights.
Quick, to the fields, the land invites
Your coaches, ponderously trundling;
By private horse or postal chaise,
Forsake the city gates, make haste!
5
You, too, my reader, ever gracious,
Into your foreign carriage climb,
Leave now the noisy city spaces
Where you caroused in winter time;
On my capricious Muse depending,
Let’s hear the oak wood’s sound ascending
Above a river without name,
Where my Eugene, the very same,
Reclusive, idle and dejected,
Spent winter only recently
In Tanya’s close proximity,
My dreaming maid whom he rejected;
But now, no longer at his place,
He’s left behind a dismal trace.
6
Midst hills in semi-circle lying,
Let us go thither where a brook,
By way of a green meadow plying,
Runs through a linden, forest nook.
The nightingale, through night’s long hours,
Sings to the spring; the dog rose flowers,
And there is heard the source’s sound –
There, too, a tombstone can be found
Beside two ancient pines umbrageous.
The inscription tells the passer-by:
‘Vladimir Lensky doth here lie,
Who died a young man and courageous,
Aged such and such, in such a year.
Young poet, rest and slumber here.’
7
Upon a pine branch, low inclining,
Time was, there hung a secret wreath,
Rocked by the breeze of early morning
Over that humble urn beneath.
Time was, two girls in evening leisure
Would come to mourn this doleful treasure,
And, on the grave, in moonlight glow,
Embracing, they would weep… but now
The monument’s forgot by people.
The trail to it is overgrown,
The wreath upon the bough is gone.
Alone, beside it, grey and feeble,
The shepherd sings still as before,
Plaiting his wretched shoes of yore.
[8,9]
10
My poor, poor Lensky! Pining, aching,
Not long did his beloved weep,
Soon was the youthful bride forsaking
A grief that went not very deep.
Another captured her attention,
Another’s flattering intervention
Restored the sufferer to calm,
A lancer wooed with practised charm,
And, by this lancer overpowered,
Already at the altar she
Stands with becoming modesty
Beneath the bridal crown, head lowered,
And, as her fiery eyes she dips,
A smile alights upon her lips.
11
Alas, poor Lensky! In the kingdom
Of distant, dark eternity,
Was he perturbed by vows reneged on,
Reports of infidelity,
Or, on the Lethe, lulled to slumber,
Where, blessedly, no thoughts encumber,
The poet is no more perturbed,
The earth is closed and no more heard?
Just so! An earth that will ignore us
Awaits us all beyond the grave.
The voice of lover, friend or knave
Breaks off. Alone, the angry chorus
Of heirs to the estate is raised,
Disputing in indecent haste.
12
Soon Olya’s voice no more resounded
Inside her old environment,
The lancer, as his lot demanded,
Must take her to his regiment.
With tears of bitter sorrow flowing,
The mother at her daughter’s going
Seemed almost ready now to die,
But Tanya simply could not cry,
Only a deathly pallor covered
The maiden’s melancholy face.
When all came out to view the chaise
And, bustling, said goodbye and hovered,
Still holding back the newly wed,
Tatiana wished the pair God speed.
13
And after them, outside the manor,
Long did she gaze as through a mist…
Alone, alone now is Tatiana!
Alas, her sister, whom she missed,
Companion of so many seasons,
Her youthful little dove now hastens
To somewhere far off, borne by fate,
From her for ever separate;
And, like a shade, she wanders, goalless,
Glances into the garden bare…
She finds no comforts anywhere
Nor anything to give her solace
For all the tears she has suppressed,
And torn asunder is her breast.
14
And in her cruel isolation
She feels more strongly passion’s sway,
Her heart with greater perturbation
Speaks of Onegin far away.
She will not see him, maybe never,
She should abhor in him for ever
The slayer of her brother. Woe,
The poet’s dead… already, though,
He is forgot, his bride has given
Herself already to be wed,
The poet’s memory has fled
As smoke across an azure heaven,
There are two hearts yet, I believe,
That grieve for him… but wherefore grieve?
15
Evening arrived. The sky has darkened.
The beetle whirrs. The waters flow.
Gone are the choirs to which we hearkened;
Across the river, smoking, glow
The fires of fishermen; and, dreaming
Under the silver moonlight streaming,
Out in the country, on her own,
Tatiana walks, walks on and on,
When suddenly, and with a quiver,
Below her, from her hill, she sees
A manor house, a village, trees,
A garden by a limpid river.
She gazes – and the heart in her
Starts beating fast and oftener.
16
She pauses now as doubts beset her:
Should she continue, does she dare?
He isn’t here. They’ve never met her…
‘Oh, just the house – and garden there.
I’ll peep at them,’ she says, advancing
Downhill, scarce breathing, round her glancing,
Bewildered as the house draws close…
And to the empty courtyard goes.
Dogs, barking, hurtle out toward her
And, hearing her alarming cry,
A noisy crowd of serf boys fly
From different entrances to guard her,
And, after fighting off each hound,
They leave the lady safe and sound.
17
‘Please, can I see the house?’ asked Tanya.
The children ran off speedily
To find the keeper of the manor
Who had with her the hallway key.
Anisya promptly came to meet her,
To open up the house and greet her.
She entered the deserted pile,
Our hero’s recent domicile,
She looked: inside the hall, unheeded,
A cue lay on the billiard baize,
A riding crop upon a chaise
Dishevelled. She proceeded.
Here is the fireplace,’ said the crone:
‘Here master used to sit alone.
18
‘He used to dine here in the winter
With neighbour Lensky, now deceased.
This way, I’ll lead you. Here, we enter
The master’s study, where he pleased
To sleep, take coffee, pay attention
To what the steward had to mention,
And read a book the morning through…
And the old master lived here, too.
Time was, on Sundays, by this casement,
He’d don his glasses and agree
To play “tomfoolery”4 with me.
God save his soul, he was so patient,
And give his bones a peaceful berth
In his damp grave in mother-earth.’
19
With melting gaze Tatiana measures
The objects that surround her here,
All seem to her like priceless treasures,
All set her languid soul astir
With feelings joyful and half-anguished:
The desk, the lamp there, now extinguished,
The carpet-covered bed, the books,
The window over them that looks
Out on the moonlit dark unending,
And that pale half-light over all,
Lord Byron’s portrait on the wall,
And, on a little column standing,
Arms crossed, a cast-iron statuette
With gloomy forehead and a hat.5
20
Tatiana long as in a vision
Stands in this fashionable cell.
But it is late. A cold wind’s risen.
The valley’s dark. The grove is still
Above the mist-enveloped river;
The moon behind the hill takes cover
And it is time, indeed high time
The pilgrim makes her homeward climb.
And Tanya, hiding her excitement,
Stifles a sigh before she starts
Out back to more familiar parts.
But first she asks whether she mightn’t
Visit again the empty home
And read the books there on her own.
21
Tatiana and Anisya parted,
Beyond the gate. After two days –
In early morning now – she started
Towards that strange, deserted place.
And, in the study’s silent setting,
Briefly the earth entire forgetting,
She was at last alone and free,
And wept a long time, copiously.
The books then called for her attention.
At first, she lacked the appetite,
But all the titles within sight
Appeared bizarre. With apprehension
She avidly began to read
And found a different world indeed.
22
Although, as we’re aware, Onegin
Had long abandoned reading, still
There were some books he’d not forsaken
That earned a place in his goodwill:
The bard of Juan and the Giaour6
And two, three novels of the hour,7
In which the epoch was displayed
And modern man put on parade
And fairly faithfully depicted:
With his depraved, immoral soul,
Dried up and egotistical,
To dreaming endlessly addicted,
With his embittered, seething mind
To futile enterprise consigned.
23
There were preserved on many pages
The trenchant mark of fingernails,
With them the watchful girl engages
As if she were deciphering spells.
Tatiana saw with trepidation
What thought it was or observation
Had struck Onegin, what they meant,
To which he’d given mute consent.
And in the margins she encountered
His pencil marks by certain lines.
Throughout, his soul was by such signs,
Without his knowing it, expounded,
Whether by cross, by succinct word,
Or question mark, as they occurred.
24
And gradually my Tatiana
Begins to understand – thank God! –
More clearly now the true persona
To sigh for whom it is her lot,
By fate united to this stranger:
Eccentric, sad, exuding danger,
Creature of heaven or of hell,
This angel, this proud devil – well,
What is he then? An imitation,
A paltry phantom or a joke,
A Muscovite in Harold’s cloak,
Of alien fads an explication,
Of modish words a lexicon,
A parody, when said and done?
25
Can she have solved Onegin’s puzzle?
Can she have found the fitting ‘word’?
The hours race on and in her tussle
Her journey home is long deferred.
Two neighbours there have met to chatter
About her.’Well then, what’s the matter?’
‘She is no child now, if you please,’
Said the old lady with a wheeze.
‘Why, Olen’ka is younger than her.’
‘It’s time that she was settled, yes,
But I feel helpless, I confess.
In such a curt and point-blank manner
She turns down everyone. And broods,
And wanders lonely in the woods.’
26
‘Might she not be in love?’ ‘With whom, then?’
‘Buyanov courted her – no fear.
And Petushkov – she left the room then.
A guest, hussar Pykhtin, was here,
And he found Tanya such a marvel,
Pursued her like the very devil!
I thought perhaps she’ll take this one,
But no, once more the deal’s undone.’
‘My dear good woman, why not send her
To Moscow, to the bridal fair!
So many vacant places there.’
‘Good sir, my income’s much too slender.’
‘Enough, though, for a winter’s spree,
If not, then borrow – say, from me.’
27
The ageing lady was delighted
To hear this sensible advice;
She pondered – and at once decided
One winter would be worth the price.
And Tanya learns of her intention.
Unto the stringent monde’s attention
To offer up the clarity
Of countryside simplicity,
Its dated finery and dresses
And no less dated turns of phrase,
Sure to attract the mocking gaze
Of Moscow’s popinjays and Circes!8
God, no! Much better to remain
Secluded in the wood’s domain.
28
Arising as the sun is dawning,
She hastens out; with melting eyes
Surveys the fields, and speaks in mourning
These words to all her rural ties:
‘Farewell now, peaceful dales, farewell to
Familiar hilltops that I call to,
Farewell, familiar woods near by;
Farewell, the beauty of the sky,
Farewell, glad nature that I cherish;
I am exchanging my dear peace
For noisy, glittering vanities…
Farewell, my freedom that must perish!
Whither and wherefore do I strive?
What can I hope for in this life?’
29
Her walks continue, lasting longer.
Now at a hillock, now a stream
Tatiana cannot help but linger,
Arrested by their special charm.
As with old friends Tatiana hastens
To carry on her conversations
With every meadow, grove in sight,
But short-lived summer’s taking flight.
And golden autumn is arriving.
Nature, now pale and tremulous,
Is richly dressed for sacrifice.
Here is the North now, storm clouds driving,
It blows, it howls – and winter then,
The sorceress arrives again.
30
She’s come, herself she scatters, weighting
The oaken boughs with flocks of snow;
Lies down in carpets undulating
Over the hills and fields below;
Spreads out a puffy shroud to cover
The trace of banks and frozen river;
Frost gleams. And we take pleasure in
Old Mother Winter’s frolicking.
But Tanya finds her antics galling.
She shuns the winter, cannot bear
To take a breath of frosty air,
Or at the bath with new snow falling
To wash her face, her shoulders, breast.
Tatiana dreads this winter’s quest.
31
Departure has been long extended,
The final date is almost gone.
The coach has been inspected, mended,
Recovered from oblivion.
The usual three kibitkas manage
The plethora of goods and baggage:
Pans, jars of jam, and chairs and chests
And feather beds and mattresses,
Roosters in cages, pots and basins,
Etcetera – for so much more
Is wrested from the family store.
And in the log hut, losing patience
The servants weep, farewell is hard:
And eighteen nags invade the yard.
32
They’re harnessed to the master carriage,
The cooks prepare a lunch for all,
The three kibitkas teem with baggage,
While household women, coachmen brawl.
A bearded outrider is seated
Upon a jade, unkempt, depleted.
Up at the gate retainers vie
To bid their mistresses goodbye.
The venerable carriage, gliding,
Has crept beyond the gate. ‘Farewell,
You peaceful places, hill and dell!
Farewell the refuge that I’d hide in!
When shall I see you all?’ she cries,
And tears stream out of Tanya’s eyes.
33
When we are free of the constrictions
Of our benign enlightenment,
In time (we’re told, from the predictions
Of philosophic measurement,9
In some five hundred years) our highways
Will no more look like tawdry byways,
But surfaced roads on every hand
Will unify the Russian land,
And cast-iron bridges will support us
On wide arcs over waterways,
We’ll part the mountains in the skies,
Dig daring tunnels under waters,
And Christendom will institute
A chain of inns on every route.
34
But now our roadways are decaying,
Our bridges, now forgotten, rot,
At stations fleas and bedbugs preying
Won’t let a traveller sleep a jot.
There are no inns. In some cold cabin
There hangs for show a highfalutin’
And meagre menu to excite
An unrewarded appetite;
While rural Cyclopes take courage
Before a fire of little heat,
And with a Russian hammer treat
A slender European carriage,
And bless the ditches and the moats
That constitute our country’s roads.
35
Yet in the chilly winter season
A drive is light and pleasant. Like
A voguish song devoid of reason,
Unruffled is the winter track.
We have automedons,10 quick-witted,
And troikas tireless and intrepid,
And mileposts, like a fence, race by,
Diverting the lethargic eye.
But Larina drove none too fleetly,
Her transport all her own for fear
Post-chaises would have proved too dear,
And our young maid enjoyed completely
The road’s monotonous delights:
They travelled seven days and nights.
36
But they are close now, and their horses
To white-stone Moscow gallop, as
They glimpse ahead the golden crosses
Glowing on ancient cupolas.
Brothers, there’s nothing that can equal
My pleasure when a semi-circle
Of churches, belfries, gardens, halls
Opened to me inside the walls.
How often, sadly separated,
Fated to roam without resort,
Moscow, it was of you I thought!
Moscow, whose name reverberated
In every Russian heart! I heard
So many echoes in that word!
37
Here next, by leafy grove surrounded,
Petrovsky Castle11 stands. Dark pride
In recent glory here resounded.
Here Bonaparte chose to reside
By Fortune’s smile intoxicated,
He waited – but in vain he waited –
For Moscow on her bended knees
To yield to him old Kremlin’s keys.
My Moscow spurned such self-abasement,
No gift, no feast day she declared,
A fiery welcome she prepared
To greet a hero so impatient.
From here he watched, in thought immersed,
The dreadful conflagration burst.
38
Farewell to you, Petrovsky Palace,
Witness of glory’s first defeat,
Away now to the turnpike pillars12
Whitening on Tverskaya Street.
Across the pits the carriage flashes,
Past sentries, peasant women dashes,
Past street lamps,13 shops and errand boys,
Past monasteries, gardens, sleighs,
Mansions, Bokharans,14 small plantations,
Shacks, merchants, peasants selling wares,
Boulevards and Cossack messengers,15
Towers, pharmacies and stores with fashions,
Balconies, gates where lions curl,16
Crosses where flocks of jackdaws swirl.17
39,4018
An hour or two they go on driving
In this exhausting marathon,
When at a gated house arriving,
They stop – just by St Khariton19
To see an aunt, who, with consumption
Some four years now, can hardly function.
To them the door is opened wide,
A grey-haired Kalmyk20 stands inside,
Arrayed in torn kaftan and glasses,
And with a stocking in his hand.
In the salon, from her divan,
The cry they hear is the Princess’s.
The two old ladies weep, embrace
And exclamations pour apace.
41
‘Princesse, mon ange!’ ‘Pachette!’21 ‘Dear cousin
Alina!’ ‘Who’d have thought? It’s been
So long. You’ll stay? Well, stop this fussing,
Sit down – how wonderful, a scene
Out of a novel, just the manner.’
‘But meet my daughter here, Tatiana.’
‘Ah Tanya, come to me, my dear…
I’m getting quite deranged, I fear…
Our Grandison, do you remember?’
‘What Grandison? Oh, Grandison!
Of course, I wonder where he’s gone?’
‘Lives near St Simeon’s;22 last December,
On Christmas Eve he called on me:
Married a son quite recently.
42
‘The other one – a little patience…
Tomorrow, Tanya we shall show
To all her various relations.
Pity, I’m too infirm to go,
I scarce can drag my feet, the devils,
But you are weary from your travels;
Together let us take a rest,
Oh, I’ve no strength… my poor, tired chest…
Not even joy, not only sorrow
Is hard for me to bear, my dear.
I’m good for nothing now, it’s clear.
Life in old age is such a horror.’
And, weeping, by exhaustion hit,
She breaks into a coughing fit.
43
Tatiana’s touched by the good-hearted
Affection of the invalid,
And yet she is unhappy, parted
From her accustomed room and bed.
Round her a silken curtain closes,
Yet she can’t sleep, when she reposes,
The church bells’ early roundelay,
Precursor of the labouring day,
Arouses her, and in the shadows
She sits beside the window, sees
The darkness thinning by degrees,
But can’t discern her fields, her meadows,
Before her lies a yard that’s strange,
A stable, fence and kitchen range.
44
To daily dinners Tanya’s taken
With her extended family,
But grandmas, grandpas cannot quicken
The girl’s abstracted lethargy.
Relatives from a far location
Are welcomed with solicitation,
With exclamations and good cheer.
‘How Tanya’s grown! How long, my dear,
Since at your christening I dried you,’
‘And since I held you – all those years!’
‘And since I pulled you by the ears!’23
‘And since with gingerbread I plied you!’
And grandmothers in chorus cry:
‘Oh how our years go flying by!’
45
But nothing changes in their bearing,
Where age-old fashion is the rule;
The princess Aunt Yelena’s wearing
Her ancient mobcap made of tulle;
Cerused still is Lukerya Lvovna,
Still telling lies Lyubov Petrovna,
Ivan Petrovich is inane,
Semyon Petrovich24 just as mean;
Still Pelageya Nikolavna
Keeps Monsieur Finemouche25 in her house
With Pomeranian dog26 and spouse.
While he, the conscientious clubber,27
Is still the meek and deaf man who
Consumes and drinks enough for two.
46
Their daughters put their arms round Tanya.
These graces of young Moscow28 now
Without a word observe Tatiana,
Surveying her from top to toe;
They find her somewhat unexpected,
Provincial and a touch affected,
A little pale, a little thin,
But passable for kith and kin;
And then, to nature’s way submitting,
They take her to their rooms, make friends,
And kiss her, gently squeezing hands,
Fluff up her curls to look more fitting,
And in their singsong tones impart
Maids’ secrets, secrets of the heart,
47
Conquests, their own and those of others,
Their hopes, their pranks, their reveries.
Their guileless conversation gathers,
Embellished by slight calumnies,
Then, to requite their indiscretion,
They sweetly ask for her confession
Of secrets of the heart she keeps.
But Tanya, just as if she sleeps,
Is hearing them without partaking,
And, understanding nothing, she
Protects her secret silently,
Her heart’s fond treasure, blissful, aching,
The tears and joys she will not share
With anyone encountered there.
48
Tatiana seeks to be convivial,
To listen to what people say,
But in the drawing-room such trivial
And incoherent rot holds sway;
The people are so pale and weary,
Their very slander’s dull and dreary.
Within this land of sterile views,
Interrogations, gossip, news,
Through four-and-twenty hours you’ll never
Spot one lone thought, even by chance;
A languid mind won’t smile or dance,
Even in jest the heart won’t quiver.
We might to foolish jokes respond,
If you but knew some, hollow monde!
49
The archive boys29 in congregation
Cast eyes on Tanya priggishly
And speak of her with denigration
In one another’s company.
But there’s one coxcomb in dejection
For whom she seems ideal perfection,
And, leaning on a doorpost, he
Prepares for her an elegy.
Once, Vyazemsky,30 on meeting Tanya
At some dull aunt’s, sat by the girl
And managed to engage her soul,
And near him, an old man,31 who’d seen her,
Straightening out his wig, inquired
After this maiden he admired.
50
But where Melpomene32 is uttering
Her loud, protracted wails, laments
And, with her gaudy mantle fluttering,
Confronts a frigid audience,
Where Thalia33 is quietly napping,
Hearkening not to friendly clapping,
Where to Terpsichore alone
he young spectator now is drawn
(As was the case in years departed,
In your day and in mine the same),
At whom no jealous ladies aim
Lorgnettes when once the ballet’s started.
Nor modish experts train a glass,
From box or stall, to judge her class.
51
To the Assembly,34 too, they bring her,
Where the excitement, crush and heat,
The tapers’ glare, the music’s clangour,
The flicker, whirl of dancing feet,
The light attire of pretty women,
The galleries with people brimming,
The arc of seats for brides-to-be
All strike the senses suddenly.
Here are inveterate fops, parading
Their waistcoats and impertinence,
And nonchalantly held lorgnettes.
Here are hussars on leave, invading,
Who, thundering through in great display,
Flash, captivate and fly away.
52
The night has many starry clusters,
And Moscow pretty women, too,
But, brighter far than all her sisters,
The moon shines in the airy blue.
But she – my lyre dares not disquiet her
With songs, I fear, that won’t delight her –
Shines like the regal moon alone
‘Midst maids and ladies round her throne.
With what celestial pride she graces
The earth which by her is caressed,
What blissful feelings fill her breast,
How wondrous-languidly she gazes!…
But stop, enough, I beg of you,
To folly now you’ve paid your due.
53
Noise, laughter, galop, waltz, mazurka,
Bows, bustle… meanwhile from the dance
Tatiana hides – the capers irk her –
Beside a column, ‘twixt two aunts,
She looks but does not see, detesting
The worldly tumult and the jesting,
She, stifling here, in fancy strains
To reach again her fields and lanes,
Her rural life: the tranquil bowers,
The poor folk, the secluded nook
Where flows a tiny, limpid brook,
Her novels and the country flowers,
And those tenebrous linden ways
Where he appeared in former days.
54
But while her mind is in the distance,
Forgetting monde and noisy ball,
A certain general of substance
Won’t take his eyes off her at all.
The two aunts wink and in like manner
Both with their elbows nudge Tatiana,
And each one whispers in her ear:
‘Look quickly to the left, my dear.’
‘The left? But where? What is so special?’
‘Well, never mind what it may be,
Just look… that group… in front, you see…
Those two in uniform, official…
Gone… Wait, his profile’s in between.’
‘Who? That fat general, you mean?’
55
But let’s extend congratulations
To dear Tatiana, triumphing,
And change my course (entreating patience),
Lest I forget of whom I sing.
And by the way two words, updating:
‘I sing a youthful friend, relating
His many eccentricities.
Please favour the felicities,
O epic Muse, of my exertions,
And, with your trusty staff, let me
Not wander on so waywardly.’
There, done! Enough! No more diversions!
Thus, classicism I placate:
An Introduction’s here, though late.