George F. Kennan: An American Life

INDEX

Abakumov, Viktor Semyonovich

Acheson, Dean

and atomic weapons

and Berlin

and China

and defense spending

and European unity

and Germany

and Kennan’s career

and Kennan’s lectures

and Kennan’s views on foreign affairs

and Kennan’s writings

and Korea

lectures by

and Marshall Plan

and Policy Planning Staff

Present at the Creation

as secretary of state

and Titoism

and Truman Doctrine

working style of

Adams, Brooks

Adams, Henry

Adams, John

Adams, John Quincy

Adams, Sherman

Adams, Ware

Adenauer, Konrad

Afghanistan, Soviet invasion of

Africa:

apartheid in

decolonization in

Kennans’ visit to

Air War College

Alaska

Albania

Albert Einstein Peace Prize

Alexander I, Tsar

Alliluyeva, Svetlana Iosifovna

Allison, John

Alsop, Joseph

Alsop, Stewart

American Academy of Arts and Letters

American Council on Germany

Andropov, Yuri

Anglo-Portuguese treaty (1373)

Arab-Israeli war (1967)

Arbatov, Georgi

Armacost, Michael

Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Armstrong, Hamilton Fish

Aron, Raymond

Atlantic, The

Atlantic Charter

Atomic Energy Commission

Attlee, Clement

Augustine, Saint, Confessions

Austin, Warren

Austria:

German annexation of

postwar occupation of

social systems in

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Azores

Bad Nauheim:

Kennan’s Russian history course in

U.S. embassy personnel interned in

Bakhmeteff, Boris

Balfour, Sir John “Jock,”

Ball, George

Ball, Lucille

Barghoorn, Frederick C.

Barnes, Joseph

Barrett, Betsy

Baruch Plan

Beard, Charles, The Open Door at Home

Belgium, German invasion of

Belisarius

Bellah, Robert

Bemis, Samuel Flagg

Beneš, Eduard

Benton, William

Berlin:

allied airlift of

Bristol Hotel in

Cold War tensions over

Kennan’s diary description of

Kennan’s language studies in

Kennan’s reports from

Kennan’s temporary posting (1931) to

Kennan’s transfer (1939) to

postwar occupation of

Soviet blockade of

in wartime

Berlin, Isaiah

Berlin Olympics (1936)

Berlin Wall

Bevin, Ernest

Bidault, Georges

Billington, James

Billington, Ray

Bismarck, Gottfried von

Bismarck, Otto von

Black, Cyril

Blok, Aleksandr

Bohlen, Avis

Bohlen, Charles E. “Chip,”

as ambassador to Soviet Union

and Cold War

death of

and espionage

and Kennan’s expulsion

and Kennan’s long telegram

Kennan’s reports to

and Marshall Plan

memoirs of

in Moscow

and national security

nomination fight of

and postwar Europe

and State Department

in Washington

Bohlen-Robinson report

Böhm, Charlotte

Bonesteel, Charles “Tick” III

Borah, William

Bowie, Robert R.

Bowles, Chester

Braden, Spruille

Brassard, Father Louis Robert

Bretton Woods conference

Brezhnev, Leonid

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

Reith lectures

Brodie, Bernard

The Absolute Weapon

Brown, Neill S.

Brown, Philip M.

Bruce, David

Brussels Treaty (1948)

Bryant, Louise

Bryce, James

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

Buchwald, Art

Buffett, Warren

Bulgakov, Valentin Fedorovich

Bulganin, Nikolay

Bull, Harold

Bullitt, William C.

as ambassador to France

as ambassador to Soviet Union

Kennan’s letters to

“swan song” dispatch of

Bundy, Mary Acheson

Bundy, McGeorge

Bundy, William P. “Bill,”

Burgard, Lavere

Burlingham, C. C.

Bush, George H. W.

Bush, George W.

Butler, George

Butterfield, Herbert

Butterworth, W. Walton

Byrnes, James F.

Cabot, John Moors

Calvin, John

Canada:

and atomic bomb

Kennan’s speeches in

and NATO

Canadian Geographical Journal

Carlson, Harry

Carnegie Corporation

Carr, Wilbur J.

Carter, Jimmy

Casablanca conference (1943)

Cassels, Louis

Castle, William R., Jr.

Castro, Fidel

Chamberlain, Neville

Chaucer, Geoffrey

Chekhov, Anton

The Cherry Orchard

The Steppe

Chekhov Publishing House

Chernenko, Konstantin

Chiang Kai-shek

Chicago Sun-Times

China

and atomic bomb

civil war in

communist

Kennan’s writings on

and Korea

and McCarthyism

and Nixon

PPS reports on

and Soviet Union

and Taiwan

Tiananmen Square unrest

and Tito

and UN

White Paper on

China Aid Act (1948)

China hands

China Lobby

Christopher, Warren M.

Chuikov, V. I.

Churchill, Winston

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)

covert activities of

cyanide pills from

formation of

Kennan as advisor to

and Russian exiles

Clausewitz, Carl von

Clay, Lucius D.

Clayton, William L.

Cleveland, Grover

Clifford, Clark

Clinton, Bill

Clubb, O. Edmund

Coffin, William Sloane

Colby, Bainbridge

Cold War:

and atomic bomb

beginning of

Berlin blockade

Berlin tensions in

Berlin Wall in

concept of

Cold War: (cont.)

and containment

and détente

and déterrence

and disengagement

and domino theory

ending

and iron curtain

“liberation” in

and long telegram

and McCarthyism

and minimum deterrence

mutually assured destruction (MAD) in

“New Look” in

“no first use” strategy

and nuclear capability

and nuclear moratorium/control

revisionist histories of

and Task Force A

and U.S. national security

as war of attrition

world divided in

and “X” article

and zero option

Cole, Felix

Coleman, F. W. B.

Committee on East-West Accord

Committee on Present Danger

Conant, James B.

Congress for Cultural Freedom

Conrad, Joseph, Under Western Skies

Cooke, Alistair

Coolidge, Calvin

Corrigan, Frank P.

Cory, Thomas J.

Council of Economic Advisers

Council of Foreign Ministers

Council on Foreign Relations

Cousins, Norman

Craig, Gordon A.

Crawford, Angus MacDonald

Crawford, William A.

Crossman, Richard

Cuba:

Bay of Pigs

and Kennedy administration

Soviet missile crisis

Cumming, Hugh

Custine, Astolphe Louis Léonor, Marquis de

Czechoslovakia:

Bohemia and Moravia

founding of

and Germany

Kennan’s posting to Prague

resistance movements in

and Slovak independence

and Soviet Union

Sudetenland in

U.S. abandonment of

Czech Republic

Daladier, Édouard

Dartmouth College

Davies, John Paton

and China

and Cold War

investigations of

and Korea

and Policy Planning Staff

Davies, Joseph E.

Davies, Patricia

Davies, Richard

Dawson, William

Day After, The (TV)

Delany, Kevin

de Silva, Peer

De Stefano, Mario

Dillon, C. Douglas

Dilworth, Bunny

Dilworth, J. Richardson

Dixon, Sir Pierson

Dobrynin, Anatoly

Dodds, Harold

Domino theory: in Asia

Dönhoff, Marion

Donne, John, Satyre

Donnelly, J. C.

Doolittle, James

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor

Dulles, Allen

Dulles, John Foster

death of

disagreements with Kennan

and Eisenhower

and Kennan’s career

and Kennan’s writings

and “liberation,”

Dunn, James C.

Durante, Jimmy

Durbrow, Elbridge

and Kennan’s time in Moscow

and long telegram

in Washington

Dutton, Frederick G.

Earle, Edward Mead

Makers of Modern Strategy

East European Fund

Eastman Kodak Company

Eden, Anthony

Egypt:

Aswan Dam in

and Suez Canal

Einstein, Albert

Albert Einstein Peace Prize

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

and Bohlen

and Dulles

and elections

health problems of

and Kennan

and Marshall

Eisenhower administration:

and Cold War

and Kennan’s career

and Latin America

and McCarthyism

and Soviet Union

and Suez

Elbrick, C. Burke

Emmet, Christopher

Encounter

Europe:

and atomic bomb

balance of power in

collective security of see also NATO

communist parties in

Eastern

and Latin America

and Marshall Plan, see Marshall Plan

postwar order evolving in

postwar recovery of

spheres of influence in

and Truman Doctrine, see Truman Doctrine

unification of

Western

European Advisory Commission (EAC)

Far Eastern Commission (FEC)

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

Ferguson, Homer

Ferris, Walt

Finland

First Presbyterian Church, Princeton

Fischer, Louis

Fish, Bert

Fitzgerald, F. Scott:

The Great Gatsby

This Side of Paradise

Follmer, Cyrus

Ford, Gerald

Ford, Henry

Ford Foundation

Foreign Affairs:

Acheson article in

“America and the Russian Future,”

history of Soviet-American relations in

“Japanese Security and American Policy,”

Kennan’s response to Acheson in

“Nuclear Weapons and the Atlantic Alliance,”

updated “X” article for

“X” article in

Foreign Policy

Foreign Service, U.S.:

diplomacy as practiced in

formation of

Kennan’s application to

Kennan’s career in

Kennan’s generation of officers in

Kennan’s posts in, see specific venues

Kennan’s resignations from

salaries in

security breaches in

socializing in

training in

see also State Department, U.S.

Foreign Service School

Forrestal, James V.

and covert activities

death of

as Defense secretary

and Kennan’s writings

as Navy secretary

and “X” article

Fosdick, Dorothy

France:

Communist Party in

and European defense/NATO

and European unity

German armies in

and German occupation

and Indochina

U.S. ambassador to

Francis, David R.

Franco, Francisco

François-Poncet, André

Franco-Russian alliance (1894)

Frankel, Max

Franklin, George S., Jr.

Franks, Sir Oliver

Free Russia Fund

Freud, Anna

Freud, Sigmund

Friendly, Fred W.

Frost, Edward and Ida

Frost, George A.

Fuchs, Klaus

Fulbright, J. William

Gaddis, John Lewis

Strategies of Containment

Galbraith, John Kenneth

Gascoigne, Sir Alvary

Gavin, James M.

Gellhorn, Martha

Gellman, Barton, Contending with Kennan: Toward a Philosophy of American Power

Geneva, Kennan as vice-consul in

George, Henry

Germany:

anti-Semitism in

Austria annexed by

and balance of power

and Belgium

Berlin, see Berlin

covert operations in

and Czechoslovakia

and European unity

Gestapo in

and Holland

Kennan’s internment in

Kennan’s postings to

Kennan’s return visit (1949) to

and Marshall Plan

Nazi party in

Nazi-Soviet Pact

and Poland

postwar occupation of

Pour le Mérite in

and Program A

rise to power

Social Democrats in

Soviet sector (East)

Soviet Union invaded by

and spies

surrender of

unification of

and war, see World War II

West German government

Geyelin, Philip

Gibbon, Edward

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

on occupying territories

Gilmore, Eddy

Gleason, S. Everett

Gödel, Kurt

Goering, Hermann

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

Gogol, Nicolay

Goldman, Eric

Goldwater, Barry M.

Gomulka, Wladyslaw

Goodman, Constance Moench

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Gordievsky, Oleg

Great Britain:

and atomic bomb

and Azores

and balance of power

and covert operations

and European defense/NATO

and European unity

failing economy of

Greece and Turkey

Lend-Lease aid to

maritime strength of

and Marshall Plan

and Palestine

and postwar Germany

and postwar policies

and Soviet Union

U.S. ambassador to

and World War II

Great Depression

Greece:

British withdrawal from

Communist Party in

and Truman Doctrine

Green, Joseph C.

Green, Marshall

Green, Theodore Francis

Greenbaum, Edward

Grew, Joseph C.

Griggs, Brandon

Griggs, Joan, see Kennan, Joan Elisabeth

Griggs, Larry

Gromyko, Andrey

Grow, Robert W.

Gruenther, Alfred M.

Gufler, Bernard

Hácha, Emil

Hagerty, James

Haig, Alexander

Hall, Walter P. “Buzzer,”

Halle, Louis J.

Hamburg:

Kennan’s assignment in

wartime destruction of

Hamilton, Alexander

Hammarskjöld, Dag

Hammer, Armand

Hankey, R. M. A.

Hard, Anne

Hard, Eleanor Van Someren

Hard William

Harding, Warren G.

Harkins, Philip

Harriman, E. H.

Harriman, Kathleen

Harriman, Pamela Churchill

Harriman, W. Averell

as ambassador to Soviet Union

and Cold War

and end of World War II

and Kennan

and London conference (1945)

and Poland

and Roosevelt’s death

and Russian study center

Soviet investments of

and Stalin

and Truman

and Yalta conference

Harsch, Joseph C.

Harvard University

Hatzfeldt, Hermann

Hay, John

Healey, Denis

Hehir, Father J. Bryan

Hellman, Lillian

Helsinki, Kennan’s visits to

Helsinki accords

Hemingway, Ernest

Henderson, Loy

in Moscow

and Palestine

in Washington

Henlein, Konrad

Hersey, John

Herter, Christian A.

Herwarth von Bittenfeld, Hans-Heinrich “Johnnie,”

Hesse, Hermann

Hessman, Dorothy

Hickerson, John D.

Hill, Harry W.

Hilldring, John

Hillenkoetter, Roscoe

Hiss, Alger

Hitler, Adolf

and Chamberlain

German opponents of

and Holocaust

and Nazi-Soviet Pact

and Poland

and public opinion

rise to power

and succession

see also Germany

Ho Chi Minh

Hochschild, Harold

Hoffman, Paul G.

Hoffmann, Stanley

Holbrooke, Richard

Holland, German invasion of

Holmes, John

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.

Holocaust

Holt, Henry

Hong Kong

Hook, Sidney

Hoover, Herbert

Hoover, J. Edgar

Hopkins, Harry

Horowitz, Vladimir

Hotchkiss, Eugene

House, Edward M.

Howard, Michael

Hoxha, Enver

Huddle, J. Klahr

Hughes, Emmet John

Hull, Cordell

Hungary

Ickes, Harold L.

Institute for Advanced Russian Studies

Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton:

founding of

governance of

and historical scholarship

Kennan as professor emeritus of

Kennan’s hundredth birthday celebrated in

Kennan’s office closed in

Kennan’s work with

and McCarthyism

Oppenheimer as director of

Iran:

Soviet troops in

U.S. hostages in

Isaacson, Walter, and Evan Thomas, The Wise Men

Israel, establishment of

Italy:

Communist Party in

postwar occupation of

war declared by

Ivan the Terrible

Jackson, Henry M. “Scoop,”

James, Alfred (grandfather)

James, Charlie (cousin)

childhood of

Kennan’s letters to

James family

Jameson, Donald “Jamie,”

Japan:

atomic bombs dropped on

and balance of power

demilitarization of

Kennan’s visits to

and Korea

postwar occupation of

surrender of

in World War II

Jaruzelski, Wojciech

Jebb, Gladwyn

Jenkins, Peter

Jerusalem, U.S. consulate in

Jessup, Philip

Jews:

and anti-Semitism

and Israel

Kristallnacht

rescue efforts for

and Zionism

John Paul II, Pope

Johnson, Joseph E.

Johnson, Lady Bird

Johnson, Louis A.

Johnson, Lyndon B.

Johnson, Stuart H.

Johnson administration

Joint Chiefs of Staff:

and atomic weapons

and China

and Korea

and postwar Germany

Jomini, Antoine-Henri

Jones, Hilary P.

Jones, Owen T.

Journal of American History

Joxe, Louis

Kaganovich, Lazar

Kalinin, Mikhail

Kallin, Anna

Kantorowicz, Ernst “Eka,”

Kaunda, Kenneth

Kaysen, Carl

Kelley, Robert F.

Kellogg, Frank B.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Kennan, Annelise Sørensen (wife)

and aging

in Berlin

children of

death of

and the farm

and George’s career

and George’s health

and George’s personality

and George’s writings

letters between George and

in Lisbon

marriage of George and

and money matters

in Moscow

in Norway

in Oxford

in Prague

U.S. citizenship of

in Washington

in Yugoslavia

Kennan, Christopher James (son)

birth of

childhood of

in Moscow

schooling of

Kennan (Brandt), Constance (sister):

death of

recollections of

Kennan (Worobec), Florence James (mother)

bequest of

children of

death of

family background of

Kennan, Frances (sister):

death of

and money matters

recollections of

Kennan, George (1845–1924)

death of

meeting of George F. and

parallels with George F. Kennan

proposed biography of

reputation of

Siberia and Hard Labor

wife of

Kennan, George Frost:

adolescence of

aging of

awards and honors to

biographies of

birth of

and boats

career decisions of

childhood of

as color-blind

and covert activities

death of

dreams of

engagement to Annelise Sørensen

engagement to Eleanor Hard

entering politics

European trip (1924)

family background of

and the farm

and fatherhood

and finances

and foreign languages

and Foreign Service, see Foreign Service, U.S.; specific venues; State Department, U.S.

grandchildren of

and greatness

health problems of

as historian

influence of

internment in Nazi Germany

and Korean War

lectures and public speeches by

and loneliness

and marriage see also Kennan, Annelise Sørensen

and Marshall Plan, see Marshall Plan

media stories about

mood swings of

and mother’s death

and music

personal traits of

and political parties

and PPS, see Policy Planning Staff

and Princeton

professionalism of

and religion

reputation of

and retirement

schooling of

siblings of

solipsism of

on student protests

as teacher

Templehof statement of

and thoughts of death

waning influence of

and women

writings of, see Kennan, George Frost, diaries of; poems by; writings of

Kennan, George Frost, diaries of:

and Africa

on aging

complaints against civilization in

descriptive passages in

earliest entries in

on Foreign Service postings

gloomy passages in

on his family

on Korean War

and posterity

and return to Germany

on Russian history

self-absorption reflected in

self-examinations in

and Task Force A

on traveling

Kennan, George Frost, poems by

on European travel

“From out this world of stars,”

“From you, embattled comrades,”

“Frown not, fair pilgrim,”

on his diary

“How long before the unctuous fly,”

“My corporal’s lot,”

“My friends,”

“My Soldier,”

“Now student A has started,”

to PPS

“The steady flow of words,”

“When the step becomes slow,”

Kennan, George Frost, writings of:

ambitions for

“America and the Russian Future,”

American Diplomacy: 1900–1950,

An American Family: The Kennans; The First Three Generations

“Anton Chekhov and the Bolsheviks,”

Around the Cragged Hill: A Personal and Political Philosophy

Chichele lectures published

The Cloud of Danger: Current Realities of American Foreign Policy

competence of

on containment

The Decision to Intervene

The Decline of Bismarck’s European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875–1890

Democracy and the Student Left

diary entries as practice for

“Government,”

“The International Control of Atomic Energy,”

“Is War with Russia Inevitable?,”

“Japanese Security and American Policy,”

long telegram (No. 511)

Memoirs: 1925–1950,

Memoirs: 1950–63,

On Dealing with the Communist World

on postwar U.S.

PPS papers, see Policy Planning Staff

“The Prerequisites,”

prolixity of

Realities of American Foreign Policy

Reith lectures

“Runo—An Island Relic of Medieval Sweden,”

Russia, the Atom, and the West

Russia and the West Under Lenin and Stalin

Russia Leaves the War

“Russia—Seven Years Later,”

“Russia’s International Position at the Close of the War with Germany,”

Sketches from a Life

“The Sources of Soviet Conduct” (“X” article)

White Paper on China

Kennan, Grace (daughter)

adolescence of

in Berlin

birth of

childhood of

marriage of (McClatchy)

in Moscow

in Prague

schooling of

Kennan (Hotchkiss), Jeanette (sister):

and biographies

childhood of

death of

and George’s career

and George’s children

George’s letters to

and George’s marriage

husband of (Hotchkiss)

and money matters

personal traits of

recollections of

schooling of

Kennan, Joan Elisabeth (daughter)

adolescence of

and Alliluyeva

birth of

childhood of

in college

engagement and marriage of (Griggs)

in Geneva

and her father’s travels

in Moscow

recollections of

Kennan, Kent (half-brother)

childhood of

death of

Kennan’s letters to

in Moscow

as musician

recollections of

studies of

Kennan, Kossuth Kent (father)

aging and death of

birth and background of

and first George Kennan

and George at Princeton

and George’s career

jobs of

and money matters

remarriage of

Kennan, Louise Wheeler (stepmother)

Kennan, Nellie McGregor Pierpont (father’s first wife)

Kennan, Thomas Lathrop (grandfather)

Kennan, Wendy (daughter):

birth of

childhood of

and son’s birth

Kennan family:

background of

common qualities in

reunions of

Kennedy, Jacqueline

Kennedy, John F.

assassination of

and Berlin Wall

and election

fact-finding mission of (1938)

and Kennan Foreign Affairs article

and Khrushchev

and Reith lectures

and Yugoslavia

Kennedy, Joseph P.

Kennedy, Paul

Kennedy, Robert F.

Kennedy administration:

and Cuban missile crisis

and Kennan’s career

and Latin America

trade expansiion bill

and Yugoslavia

Kerr, Archibald Clark

Keynes, John Maynard

Khrushchev, Nikita

and Belgrade channel

and Berlin

and Cuban missile crisis

deposed

and Kennedy

and Stalin

and Tito

Kim Il-sung

King, Martin Luther, Jr.

King, William L. Mackenzie

Kirk, Alan G.

Kirk, Alexander

Kirk, Lydia Chapin

Kirov, Sergei

Kissinger, Henry A.

and China

and Nixon

on nuclear weapons

regard for Kennan

Klein, David

Klunk, Fred

Knowland, William

Knox, Frank

Kohl, Helmut

Kohler, Foy

Komer, Robert

Korea:

postwar occupation of

38th parallel in

U.S. abandonment of

Korean War

Kossuth, Louis

Kosygin, Aleksey

Kozhenikov, Shura

Kozhenikov, Vladimir “Volodya,”

Kozhenikov family

Kreuger, Ivar

Kristiansand, see Norway

Krock, Arthur

Kropotkin, Pyotr

Kuhn, Ferdinand

Kuniholm, Bertel E.

Langer, William L.

Lansing, Robert

Laos

Latin America:

authoritarian regimes in

Kennan’s travel to

Lawrence, William H.

League of Nations

Leahy, William D.

Lenin, V. I.

Leopold, Richard W.

Lewis, Sinclair

Lilienthal, David E.

Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)

Lincoln, Abraham

Lindbergh, Charles

Link, Arthur S.

Lippmann, Walter

and Cold War

on containment

death of

on Germany

Kennan’s letters to

and Marshall Plan

and “X” article

Litvinov, Maxim

Long, Huey

Lovett, Robert M.

Lowell, Robert

Luce, Henry

Lukacs, John

MacArthur, Douglas:

and China

and Japan

and Korean War

Truman’s firing of

MacDonald, Betty, The Egg and I,

Machiavelli, Niccolò

Machrowicz, Thaddeus

Maclean, Donald

MacMurray, John Van Antwerp

MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (TV)

Mahan, Alfred Thayer

Makins, Roger

Malik, Jacob

Manhattan Project

Manila, Kennan’s “short telegram” from

Mann, Thomas

Mano, Tony and Ana

Mao Zedong

and civil war

and Korea

and Soviet Union

Marcy, Carl

Marder, Murrey

Marshall, Charles Burton

Marshall, George C.

and China

and European defense

and Japan

methods of

and Policy Planning Staff

as secretary of defense

as secretary of state

and Soviet Union

and Truman

and “X” article

Marshall Plan

administration of

Congressional approval of

costs of

and European division

and European recovery

expansion of

Kennan’s contributions to

and Lippmann

as PPS/1

roots of

and Soviet Union

success of

and Truman Doctrine

and “X” article

Marx, Harpo

Marx, Karl

Marxism

Masarik, Hubert

Masaryk, Jan

Masaryk, Tomáš

Mason, Paul

Matlock, Jack

Matthews, H. Freeman “Doc,”

Maury, John

Mausolff, Paul

Mautner, Martha

McCarthy, Joseph

McCarthyism

McClatchy, Charles K.

McCloy, John J.

McDermott, Michael

McFarlane, Robert

McGhee, George

McGovern, George S.

McGrory, Mary

McMillan, Priscilla

McNamara, Robert S.

McSweeney, John

Medal of Freedom

Meiklejohn, Robert

Melby, John

Merrill, Keith

Messersmith, George

Messolonghitis, Nick

Metternich, Klemens

Meyner, Robert

Middle East:

access to oil in

Kennan’s travel to

Soviet presence in

Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw

Mikoyan, Anastas

Millar, F.M. Hoyer

Miller, Edward G.

Mills, Wilbur

Milwaukee Journal

Miscamble, Wilson D., George F. Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, 1947–1950

Molotov, Vyacheslav

and international conferences

and Smith-Molotov exchange

and Truman

Moltke, Helmuth von

Mommsen, Theodor

Monroe Doctrine

Moore, R. Walton

Morgenthau, Hans

Politics Among Nations

Morris, Leland

Moscow:

Finnsky Dom in

Kennan’s assignment to

Kennan’s return to

life in

Mokhovaya in

progress in

socializing in

Spaso House in

spies in

U.S. embassy in

Mosely, Philip

Mountbatten, Louis, 1st Earl

Mumford, Lewis

Munich conference (1938)

Murphy, Robert

Mussolini, Benito

Nagawicka (boat)

Nagy, Imre

Napoleon Bonaparte

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

National Committee for a Free Europe

National Institute of Arts and Letters

National Security Council

and atomic weapons

and CIA

establishment of

and Germany

and Japan

NSC 1/1, “The Position of the U.S. with Respect to Italy,”

NSC 20/4, on Soviet Union

NSC 48/2 and Korea

NSC 68, on national security

NSDD-75, on Soviet-U.S. relations

and Project Solarium

National War College

Acheson’s lectures in

establishment of

Kennan’s assignment to

Kennan’s lectures in

Oppenheimer’s lecture in

purpose of

and Task Force A

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization):

and Able Archer maneuvers

and Berlin

and defense conferences

expansion of

functions of

and German unification

Kennan’s distaste for

and Kennan’s lectures

and Korea

membership in

nuclear doctrines of

and PPS papers

signing of

and Suez

Naval War College

Navy, U.S., in Taiwan Strait

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Nehru, Jawaharlal

Nenni, Pietro

Neumann, John von

New Yorker, The

New York Herald Tribune

New York Times, The

Ngo Dinh Diem

Nguyen Cao Ky

Nicholas I, Tsar

Nicholas II, Tsar

Nichols, Lewis

Niebuhr, Reinhold

Nikezic, Marko

Nimitz, Chester W.

Nitze, Paul H.

and Committee on Present Danger

and Kennan

and Korea

and Policy Planning Staff

School of Advanced International Studies

Tension Between Opposites

and weapons of mass destruction

Nixon, Richard M.

and elections

and Kissinger

regard for Kennan

Nixon administration

North Haven, Maine

Northwind (boat)

Norway:

Kennan family visits to

Nazi invasion of

Russia feared in

sailing in

wartime conditions in

Norweb, Henry

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)

Oberdorfer, Don

O’Brian, Patrick

Oliver, Bill

Oppenheimer, J. Robert

death of

and ecological issues

and Institute for Advanced Study

and Kennan

security investigations of

War College lecture of

Orwell, George1984

O’Shaughnessy, Elim

Oxford:

All Souls College

Balliol College

Chichele lectures

Rhodes House lecture

Pahlavi, Shah Mohammad Reza

Palestine Mandate

Palmer, Paul

Pan American Airways Yankee Clipper

Panyushkin, Aleksandr

Paquet, Alfons

Paris Peace Conference

Parker, Ralph, Conspiracy Against Peace

Pash, Boris

Pasternak, Boris

Patzak, Valentin

Paul, Saint

Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on

Pearson, Lester

Perkins, Dexter

Perle, Richard

Perón, Juan

Pfaeffli, Claude

Pfaeffli, George Kennan

Pfaeffli, Wendy Kennan

Philby, Kim

Pierson, George

Pipes, Richard

Pius XII, Pope

Podhoretz, Norman

Podserob, Boris Fedorovich

Poland

German attack on

Katyn Forest massacre

Kennan’s visit to

and NATO

Poznan riots in

Solidarity in

Soviet occupation of

and U.S. aid

Warsaw Uprising

Policy Planning Staff

accomplishments of

and atomic weapons

and covert activities

defensive perimeter strategy of

formation of

functions of

in Kennan’s absence

and Kennan’s fading influence

Kennan’s poem to

Kennan’s resignation from

and Marshall

Nitze as director of

and Palestine

papers produced by

PPS/1, “Policy With Respect to American Aid to Western Europe,”

PPS/9 on Italy

PPS/13 on U.S. grand strategy

PPS/23, global survey

PPS/27, on European defense

PPS/35, “The Attitude of This Government Toward Events in Yugoslavia,” 322–24; updated

PPS/37, “Policy Questions Concerning a Possible German Settlement,”

PPS/38, “U.S. Objectives With Respect to Russia,”

PPS/39, “U.S. Policy Toward China,”

PPS/43, “Considerations Affecting the Conclusion of a North Atlantic Security Pact,”

PPS/55, and European unity

PPS/58, “Political Implications of Detonation of an Atomic Bomb by U.S.S.R.,”

and predictions

principles of

Program A

and State Department

Popov, Aleksandr

Popovič, Koča

Por, Frieda

emigration to U.S.

Kennans’ letters to

Port Huron Statement (SDS)

Portugal:

and Azores

Kennan’s report from

Kennan’s return visits to

neutrality of

U.S. legation in

Post, Marjorie Merriweather

Potsdam conference (1945)

Powell, Colin

Prague:

German takeover of

Kennan’s dispatches from

Kennan’s posting to

see also Czechoslovakia

Pravda

Princeton University:

eating clubs in

Firestone Library

function of

George F. Kennan Centennial Conference at

Kennan papers at

Kennan’s faculty appointment in

Kennan’s “long telegram” exhibited in

Kennan’s sermon in

Kennan as student in

reunions at

social class in

see also Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton

Program A

Project Solarium

Prokofiev, Sergey

Proxmire, William

Pskovo-Pechorsky monastery, Estonia

Pushkin, Aleksandr

Quainton, Anthony

Quayle, Dan

Radio Free Europe

Rasputin

Reader’s Digest

Reagan, Ronald

and elections

and Gorbachev

Kennan’s distrust of

on nuclear threat

on Soviet Union as evil

and Strategic Defense Initiative

Reagan administration

and Cold War

and Latin America

Reber, Samuel

Reed, John

Reedy, George

Reid, Escott

Reinhardt, G. Frederick

Reinstein, Jacques

Reischauer, Edwin B.

Reith lectures

Reston, James “Scotty,”

Reykjavik summit meeting

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

Rice, Condoleezza

Ridgway, Matthew B.

Riga, Latvia

Riley, Bill and Laura

Roberts, Frank

Robins, Raymond

Robinson, Geroid T.

Rockefeller Foundation

Rogers Act (1924)

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

adaptable politics of

and Atlantic Charter

Bullitt’s reports to

death of

and elections

New Deal

political appointments by

and postwar Germany

and Soviet Union

and unconditional surrender

and World War II

and Yalta

Roosevelt, Theodore

Roosevelt administration

and postwar Europe

and Soviet Union

Rosenfeld, Stephen

Rostow, Eugene V.

Rothfels, Hans

Rovere, Richard

Rusk, Dean

and China

and covert action

and Germany

and Kennedy administration

and Rockefeller Foundation

Russell, Bertrand

Russell, Donald

Russia:

and balance of power

Bolshevik Revolution in

dissidents and Jews persecuted in

Kennan on the history of

and NATO

in 1917–1991, see Soviet Union

Russian-American Telegraph Expedition (1865)

Russo-Japanese War

Ruthenians

Sacco and Vanzetti, execution of

Safire, William

St. John’s Military Academy, Wisconsin

Sakharov, Andrey

Salazar, António

Salisbury, Harrison

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Sandburg, Carl, “Cornhuskers,”

Savage, Carlton

Schell, Jonathan

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.

Schuman, Robert

Schuschnigg, Kurt

Schuyler, Cortlandt Van Rensselaer

Scowcroft, Brent

Second World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies

Seiberling, John F.

Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Service, John Stewart

Seymour, Charles, Woodrow Wilson and the World War

Shakespeare, William

Shapiro, Henry

Shostakovich, Dimitri, Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk

Shultz, George P.

Shvernik, Nikolay

Skinner, Robert P.

Slavic Review

Slessor, Sir John

Smirnovsky, Mikhail

Smith, Courtney C.

Smith, Janet

Smith, Gerard C.

Smith, Margaret Chase

Smith, Walter Bedell

and CIA

Smith-Molotov exchange

as U.S. ambassador in Moscow

Smythe, Sidney T.

Snyder, John W.

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr

Gulag Archipelago

Sontag, Raymond J.

Sørensen, Einar Haakon

Sorensen, Theodore

Sørensen family

Soviet Union:

Afghanistan invaded by

and atomic bomb

before 1917 and after 1991, see Russia

and Berlin blockade

Bullitt’s “swan song” report on

bureaucracy in

changes in

and China

and Cold War, see Cold War

collapse of

Communist Party in

containment of

Cuban missile crisis

“cult of the past” in

and Czechoslovakia

dialectic materialism in

dissidents in

and Eastern Europe

evil reflected in

expatriates from

external enemies needed by

and Far Eastern Commission

German invasion of

hegemony of

hostility toward U.S. in

and human rights

and Hungary

Kennan as ambassador to

Kennan as counselor to

Kennan in Moscow, see Moscow

Kennan’s early judgments on

Kennan’s expulsion from

Kennan’s reports on

Kennan’s studies of

Kennan’s travels within

and Korea

and Marshall Plan

Nazi-Soviet Pact

and nuclear capability

people of

and Poland

and postwar Germany

postwar life in

and postwar power vacuums

predictions about

purges in

refugees and exiles from

secret police (GPU) in

spies of

and Sputnik

and State Department

summit meetings

territorial expansion of

Third International in

U-2 flights over

unilateral security measures of

U.S. aid to

U.S. ambassadors to

U.S. diplomatic relations with

U.S. investments in

and U.S. national security

U.S. spying in

and Warsaw Pact

and “X” article

Spaatz, Carl

Spanish-American War

Spellman, Francis Cardinal

Sputnik

Stählin, Karl

Stalin, Josef

and atomic bomb

and Berlin blockade

and Comintern/Cominform

daughter of

death of

enemies perceived by

February 1946 speech by

and Harriman

and ignorance of outside world

and Kennan

Khrushchev’s denunciation of

and Korea

and Marshall Plan

and Nazi-Soviet Pact

and Poland

at Potsdam

and power

purges ordered by

and Smith-Molotov exchange

successors to

territorial ambitions of

and Tito

and Truman administration

at Yalta

Stalin Peace Prize

Starr, S. Frederick

START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks)

State Department, U.S.:

and Communist Party

and covert operations

Eastern European Affairs in

economy measures in

European Affairs Division

and European defense

and European unity

as Foggy Bottom

and Foreign Service, see Foreign Service

graduate study financed by

Kennan’s departure from

Kennan’s evaluations by

Kennan’s reports to

Kennan’s resignations from

Kennan’s return to

and Marshall Plan, see Marshall Plan

and McCarthyism

and Middle East

minimal instructions given by

and NSC

and Pentagon

Policy Planning Staff

and politics

and Rogers Act

shifting functions of

and Soviet Union

and Task Force A

and “X” article

Stenard, Elizabeth

Stephanson, Anders, Kennan and the Art of American Foreign Policy

Stettinius, Edward R., Jr.

Stevenson, Adlai E.

Stimson, Henry L.

Strauss, Lewis L.

Strayer, Joseph

Stresemann, Gustav

Strong, Emily

Strunsky, Robert

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Sudetenland

Suez Canal

Sulzberger, C. L.

Sun Tzu

Switzerland, neutrality of

Talbott, Strobe

Talinn, Estonia

Taplin, Frank

Task Force A

Thayer, Charles W.

Third World

Thompson, Kenneth W.

Thompson, Llewellyn

Thoreau, Henry David

Thucydides

Thurmer, Angus

Tierney, Harriet

Tito, Josef Broz:

and Albania

and Communist Party

and conference of nonaligned states

and Kennan

and Kennedy administration

and Khrushchev

and “Titoism,”

and Truman administration

U.S. visit of

Tocqueville, Alexis de

Tolson, Clyde

Tolstoy, Leo

Anna Karenina

Resurrection

Tolstoy Foundation

Toon, Malcolm

Toynbee, Arnold

Trans-Siberian Railway

Trotsky, Leon

Troyanovsky, Aleksandr

Truman, Harry S.

and defense spending

and election

and European defense

and Korea

and long telegram

and MacArthur

and Marshall

and McCarthy

and Policy Planning Staff

and postwar conferences

and Soviet Union

Truman administration:

and atomic weapons

changes in

and China

and Cold War

and communism

and European economy

and Italy

Kennan’s differences with

and Marshall Plan

and Palestine

and postwar Germany

and Soviet Union

and Suez

and Tito

Truman Doctrine:

and Acheson

and anticommunism

and Kennan’s views

and Marshall Plan

and Soviet Union

and “X” article

Tsarapkin, Semyon K.

Tucker, Robert C.

Tufts, Robert

Turgenev, Aleksandr

Turkey:

British withdrawal from

Soviet interest in

and Truman Doctrine

Turkish Straits

Tyerman, Donald

Tyler, William

Ulam, Adam

Ulbricht, Walter

Ullman, Richard H.

Ullman, Yoma

United Nations

and atomic bomb

and China

establishment of

Kennan’s opposition to

and Korea

and Palestine

and Soviet Union

and Suez

and Tito

United States:

and atomic weapons

and balance of power

and Berlin airlift

and Cold War, see Cold War

communists from

consumerism in

defense spending in

and democracy

Founding Fathers

grand strategy lacking in

hegemony of

interagency miscommunications in

Kennan’s criticisms of

Kennan’s misunderstandings about

Kennan’s patriotism for

Kennan’s return to

military personnel

national interest of

and NATO, see NATO

Open Door policy of

and Pearl Harbor attack

and postwar Germany

public opinion shaped in academia

racial tensions in

and Soviet relations

and weapons of mass destruction

University of Chicago

Urban, George

USA and Canada Institute

U.S.S.R., see Soviet Union

Vandenberg, Arthur H.

Vandenberg, Hoyt

Varga, Yevgeny

Vassiltchikov, Marie

Vienna:

Anschluss in

Kennan’s assignment in

Sanatorium Gutenbrunn in

Vietnam War

antiwar protests

Vlasik, Nikolay

Vyshinsky, Andrey

Wallace, Henry A.

Walsh, Father Edmund A.

Warnke, Paul

Warsaw Pact

Washington Post, The

Wasson, R. Gordon

Watergate

Watson, Adam

Webb, James E.

Wedemeyer, Albert C.

Weeks, Edward A. “Ted,”

Wei, Fong

Weizmann, Chaim

Welles, Sumner

Wells, Grace (cousin)

Whitman, Walt

Whitney, Thomas P.

Wiley, John C.

Wilgress, Dana

Willett, Edward F.

Williams, William Appleman

Wilson, Woodrow

Wilson administration

Winant, John G.

Wisconsin

Wisner, Frank

Wolfe, Thomas

Wolfers, Arnold

Woodrow Wilson Foundation

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Woodward, Sir Llewellyn

Woolf, Harry

World War I

and Kennan’s early years

and Paris Peace Conference

World War II

allied success in

anniversaries of

and appeasement

Britain’s declaration of war

D-Day

destruction of

end of

German surrender in

Germany’s declaration of war against U.S.

Japanese surrender in

military life in

and Munich

Nazi takeovers in

onset of

Pearl Harbor attacked in

preliminaries to

strategic bombing capabilities of

U.S. entry into

U.S. neutrality in

U.S. productivity in

U.S. veterans returning home from

Wright, C. Ben

Wright, Frank Lloyd

Yakovlev, Nikolay Nikolayevich

Yale Review, The

Yale University

Yalta

Yasnaya Polyana (Tolstoy’s home)

Yepishev, Aleksey Alekseyevich

Yugoslavia

and Belgrade channel

Communist Party in

and Cuban missile crisis

Kennan as ambassador to

Kennan’s visit to

and Kennedy administration

and most-favored-nation status

Skopje earthquake

Tito in, see Tito, Josef Broz

Yusupov, Prince

Zapolskaya, Juli

Zhdanov, Andrey

Ziegler, Philip

Zionism