State Secrets: An Insider's Chronicle of the Russian Chemical Weapons Program

Index

A-262, 145 431, 447; agent, 128, 237; Association

Abdrazakov, Ildar, 30 for the Advancement of Science, 365,

Academy: of Chemical Defense, 372; bank, 278; binary weapon, 126;

41, 49, 66, 68, 90, 108, 120, 128, Chemical Society, 318, 366, 408;

131, 133, 137, 147, 162, 179, 215, chromatograph, 139; correspondent,

216, 243, 302, 425; of Sciences, 261, 429; defoliant, 163; democracy,

National (USA), 373, 408; New 305; dollar (-s), 13, 133; edition, 418;

York, 3, 366, 373, 408, 447; of glass sample, 161; intervention, 235;

U.S.S.R. (Russia), 11, 40, 60, 62, Information Press Center, 386, 390;

63, 67, 91, 107, 111-113, 120, intelligence community, 222; invention,

126, 146 139; journalist, 343, 389, 431, 426;

Activated carbon, 67, 188 law, 227, 308; legislators, 316;

Adsorbent, 67, 157, 187; inorganic, manufacturer, 189; military chemists, 200

123, 235; organization, 374; people, 2,

Afanasiev, Yuri, 240, 367 227; Physical Society, 374, 408;

Agence France Presse, 405, 408 position, 405; public, 372, 386, 407;

Aglyamova, Sag’dat, 29 radio, 24; satellite, 136; scientists,

Agureev, Vyacheslav, 253 122, 317; scientific equipment, 133,

Aida, by G. Verdi, 37 196; soldiers, 237; specialists, 222;

Ames, Aldrich, 2, 3 troops, 27, 236; version, 139;

Ak-ebi, 16, 17 VX gas, 303

All-Russia Channel Two, 372 Angarsk, 51

All-Tatar Public Center, 332, 339 Arabic alphabet, 8

Alekseev, Sergei, 250, 302, 367 Arbat Street, 356, 359

Aluminum oxide, 200, 201 Arbatov, Georgi, 312, 313, 367

Amendola, J., 319 Aral Sea, 438

America, United States of, 2, 15, Arkhipova, Irina, 37

98, 109, 133, 261, 262, 367; Argumenti i Facti, 272

Voice of, 24-28, 309 Arnold, Andrei, 287, 346

American (-s), 357, 359, 425, 429, Aum Shinrikyo, 2, 281

Asnis, Aleksander, 113, 255, 256, Belarus, 159, 330

284, 286, 291, 299, 300, 302, 307, Belaya River, 8, 11, 21, 31, 399

311, 315, 321, 323, 337, 363, 364, Belgorod, 52

368, 376-390, 403, 404, 406, 407, Belikov, Valeri, 180, 188

412, 420, 423, 428, 434-436, 442, Belomestnykh, Leonid, 270, 284

444-446 Belousov, Rem, 46, 47

Associated Press, 405, 442 Beregova, Tamara, 170

Attorney, defense, 270, 280, 286, Beresnev, Aleksei, 75, 76, 79, 90, 95,

293, 294, 300, 369, 379, 406, 412; 139,

General, 299, 318-320, 363, 366, 154, 170, 172-176, 182, 194

372-374, 376, 388, 389, 408, 434, Berezkin, Victor, 75

440, 443, 445; Deputy of, 300, 320; Beria, Lavrentii, 28, 36, 45, 160, 161

General’s Office, 298-300, 308, Bethel, N., Lord, 444

344, 345, 362-364, 379, 381, 426, Bettini, V., 319

440, 442, 444, 446 Binary, 164, 246, 262; agents, 262,

Azatlyk, Tatar broadcast, 369 265;

Ayala, Dr. Francisco J., 2, 4 bomb, 124, 340; chemical agent,

125; compound, 246; components,

Baghdad, 19 125, 325; device, 167; form, 325;

Baika, 9 nerve agents, 220; program,

Bainazarova, Irene (Ira), 33-35 270, 271; reactor, 123; rocket, 166,

Balashov, Sergei, 299, 309, 342 167; system, 340; tests, 262; variant,

Baltic republics, 240 262; version, 122; weapon (-s), 119,

436, 438, 439 123, 126-128, 139, 140, 142, 149-151,

Baltimore Sun, 150, 261, 265, 267, 167, 192, 211, 220, 221, 261, 271,

425, 430, 442 272, 277, 283, 303, 304, 310, 322,

Baranaev, Michael, 162 325, 327, 335, 336, 373, 428, 429

Barannikov, Victor, 266, 301, 360 Biological Weapons, 141, 207, 217,

Baranov, Lev, 446 342,

Baranov, Yuri, 106 “Blue-8”, 123

Baranovskoe, 247, 350, 359 Bogdanov, Nikolai, 159, 160, 242

Barrer, R.P., 68 Bogomazov, Yevgeni, 84, 147, 169,

Basalt, NPO ( Scientific Industrial 179, 180-183, 185-193

Association), 126, 166, 167 Bolshoi Theatre, 37, 38

Bashkir (-s), 6-8, 25, 32, 330, 418; Bonner, Elena, 409

music, 24 Borai, 18

Bashkirov, Andrey, 49, 51-53, 68 Boranes, 55, 60-63, 158; di-, 56, 58,

Bashkortstan, 6, 8, 9, 25, 26, 51, 60

102, 351, 367 Bradley, Bill, 365, 408

Batova, Elena, 209 Braun, Reiner, 360

Baturin, Yuri, 408, 418 Breher, Ch., 319

Bayanov, Madkhat and Favaris, 26 Brezhnev, Leonid, 190

BBC, 251, 309, 333 Brovkin, Lev, 94, 95, 104, 132, 155

Beketovka, 125, 201 Buasier, B., 319

Bugrov, Yuri, 104, 105 complex, 112, 149, 154; composition,

Bujnitski, Yuri, 61 122, 236, 350; compound (-s), 98, 125,

Buivolov, Vladimir, 294, 309, 344, 364 136, 178, 183, 196, 213, 219, 236,

Burganov, Agdas, 319 250; constants, 42; defense, 41, 42, 66,

Buzaev, Vladimir, 234 68, 90, 108, 111, 120, 126, 128, 131,

BZ, western hallucinogen, 128 133, 136, 137, 147, 162, 179, 215,

216, 243, 302, 338, 425; defoliation,

Cathedral of Ivan the Great, 354 163; destruction, 236; disarmament,

Caucasus, 8, 248, 394, 397; 140, 150, 325; engineers, 152;

Caucasian, 45 engineering, 52; formula (-s), 83, 84,

Cassidy, Joseph, 128-130 322; industry, 48, 49, 61, 88, 95, 98,

Cavallo, Michael, 434; Foundation, 102, 104, 107, 108,113-115, 126,

2, 356, 357, 359 153,156, 158, 190, 200, 203, 206,

Central Committee of CPSU, 41, 46, 207, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 232,

48, 49, 98, 101, 109, 113, 126, 143, 243, 253, 338; information, 423;

150, 151, 167, 180, 188, 207, 209, Institute, 62, 67, 132; laboratory, 79;

210, 210, 233, 310, 347 name, 84; notation, 83; officer, 198;

Chapaevsk, 153 plant, 36, 51, 52, 61, 103, 122, 164,

Chechen, 333, 351; leader, 354; 190, 202, 220, 272, 329; precursors,

Republic, 354 243; poisoning, 149; products, 51,

Chefir, 395, 398, 402 102, 219; properties, 96, 121, 237;

Chekist (-s), 28, 76, 92, 206, 209, science (-s), 66, 97, 128, 129, 133,

230, 235, 245, 250, 251, 266, 267, 140, 152, 154, 164, 254, 400;

272-274, 276-278, 283, 286, 295, “sharashka”, 232; shells, 326;

299-301, 308, 312, 315, 335, 336, specialist, 237; solvent, 75;

342, 349, 358, 372, 376, 389, 411, Technical Institute, 99, 206;

430, 431 technology, 153; troops, 108, 123,

Chemical (-s), 87, 89, 136, 141, 148, 132, 140, 147, 164, 180, 189, 220,

149, 154, 162, 167, 170, 197, 201, 302, 340; war, 237; warfare arsenal,

220, 231, 263, 402, 409, 426; agent 191; weapons, 49, 51, 96, 97, 105,

(-s), 42, 43, 61, 67, 75, 76, 80, 83, 106, 109, 110-112, 123, 129, 130,

87, 88, 92-95, 99, 102, 104, 112, 137, 140, 141, 148, 150, 163, 167,

119, 123, 125-129, 131,132, 135, 182, 183, 187, 207, 214, 215, 217,

138, 139, 142, 144, 146-148, 150-154, 220, 225, 227, 234, 235, 237, 243-

158, 160, 162-164, 166, 167, 169, 246, 249, 250, 259-263, 265, 266,

179-181, 183, 185-188, 191-193, 195, 271, 274, 277, 282, 287, 288, 302,

198-202, 204-206, 215, 219-223, 229- 304, 305, 308, 310, 316-319, 322,

233, 235-237, 243, 252, 265, 271, 323, 325-329, 337-346, 349, 351-

272, 277, 303-305, 310, 322, 323, 356, 358, 362, 365, 366, 373, 375,

325-327, 336, 338-341, 355, 375, 381; 418, 422, 425, 428-430, 439

A-230, 190, 192; A-232, 147, 219, Chemical and Engineering News,

341; analysis, 104; arms, 163, 228, 375, 442

237, 294; battalion, 46, 132, 164; Chemical Weapons, 137, 148, 214,

binaries, 271; career, 63; college, 109; 215, 225, 277, 294, 303, 305, 309,

325, 343, 345 366, 373, 408

Cheredilov, A.M., 274 Committee of Constitutional

Chernomyrdin, Victor, 342 Supervision, 320, 321

China, 52, 53, 374 Committee of Emergency Situations,

Chinese, 374, 393 410

Chizhov, Evgeni, 128, 311 Committee of Government

Cholinesterase, 136, 170, 191, Operations, 365, 368

203, 204, 216 Committee of the International

Chlorine, 201, 229 Freedom of Scientists, 326

Christian Science Monitor, 442 Committee on Legislative Matters,

Chromatography, 64-67, 71, 93-95, 321, 322

132, 173, 187, 191, 193, 217; Communist(-s), 6, 7, 9, 10, 19, 23,

Laboratory, 79 47, 48, 129, 217, 248, 334, 349, 350-

Chromatographic, analysis, 64, 71, 353, 376, 437; balalaika, 92; convictions,

184, 185, 196; instruments, 93, 94, 385; deputies, 350; friendship, 91; ideals,

133; isolation, 129; methods, 93-95, 114; kingdom, 46; leader (-s), 330,

102, 123, 133, 151, 164, 170, 202; 332, 411; morals, 48; newspaper, 286;

peaks, 184; problems, 92; research, opposition, 360; Party, 19, 41, 63, 100,

71 Chromatograms, 184 167, 188, 317; power, 240; regime,

Chromatograph, 64, 93, 95, 98, 99, 248, 370, 376, 403; reporter, 367;

125, 132, 139, 155, 182, 183, 186, tyrants, 414

188-190, 196, 217, 241 Convention for the Prohibition of

Chromatomass-spectrometers, 98, Chemical Weapons, 137, 148, 214,

178, 213, 217, 235, 241, 242 215, 225, 277, 294, 303, 305, 309,

Christopher, Warren, 365, 368 325, 343, 345

Chugunov, Nikolai, 324, 336, 338- Conyers, John, 338

340, 379, 424, 425 Corpus delicti, 315, 391

Churchill, Winston, 27 Cossack, 5

CIA, 347

Civil war, 18, 163, 351 Danilin, Michael, 128

Clinton, Bill, 318, 365, 366, 387 DeConcini, Dennis, 418

CNN, 360 Demin, Yuri, 301, 302, 342

Colby (Mirzayanov), Gale, 287, 315, Demidyuk, Valeri, 129

342, 347, 350, 356, 359, 372, 404, Democratic Russia Movement, 101,

421, 432, 435, 441, 447 239, 249, 254, 255, 261, 311

Commission for Human Rights in the Demon, by A. Rubinshtein, 37

European Parliament, 444 Dengiran, M.-M., 319

Committee for Conventional Problems Denisenko, V., 320

of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Diffusion in and through Solids, 68

207, 217, 302, 329, 352, 354, 358 Directorate of the, Chief of Chemical

Committee for Ecology, 328 Troops (UNKhV), 123, 132, 140,

Committee for Radio and Television, 147, 183; institute, 68, 69

353 Djirtjuli, 8, 18, 21, 29, 30

Committee of Concerned Scientists, Djuzhev-Maltsev, Valerij, 144, 147,

170, 172, 193 (FAPSI), 309

Dmitriev, Aleksander, 179, 182, 184 Federation of American Scientists

Dmitriev, German, 311 (FAS), 316, 372, 408

Dmitriev, Victor, 159, 246 Fedorov, Lev, 140, 259, 260-262, 264-266

Dobrianski, Vsevolod, 92 272- 274, 276, 283, 284, 308, 327, 358,

Drozd, Georgi, 121, 122, 126, 137- 359, 422, 427-430

141, 163, 170, 194 Fedyachkin, Michael, 92

Drell, Efim, 195, 196 Filatov, Sergei, 352, 353

Dubin, Boris, 125, 153, 155,156 Filippova, Maria, 29

Dubinin, Michael, 66, 67, 179 Fokin, Evgeni, 92, 126

Dubov, Semyon, 176-178, 181, 182, Florichi, 43

187 Foliant, secret program, 138, 169, 181,

Dudaev, Dzhochar, 334 186, 190, 209

Duka, Nikolai, 207 Forov, Vladimir, 104

Dukhovich, Felix, 128 Frankel, Max, 367

Duma, 165, 301, 367, 376, 445 Funygin, G., 345

Furtseva, Ekaterina, 47

Echo Moskva, 325

Efron, Soni, 371 Gabov, Igor, 156, 219, 308, 340, 345

Eliel, Ernst, 318 Gabsatarov, Minkamal (grandfather),

Ellsberg, Daniel, 226, 227-228, 302, 18

357, 358, 374, 386, 441 Gaidar, Egor, 257, 258

Eltsov, Yu., 320 Galimov, Rifkat, 318

Emelianenkov, Aleksander, 357 Garipov, Nur, 318

Englin, Michael, 92, 93, 131, 132, Galperin, Efim, 180

136, 137, 179 Gas mask, 43, 45, 56, 59, 129, 136,

Englund, William, 260-262, 265, 179, 182, 186, 187, 197, 198, 201;

267, 342, 343, 358, 425, 429, 430, filters, 42, 93, 131, 132, 136, 153,

431, 433 158, 179, 183-185, 187, 188, 190

ENITI, 186, 187 Gdlyan, Telman, 240

Ernst, B., 319 Gelperin, Nisson, 41

Ermakov, Yuri, 62 General Staff Headquarters, 311, 324,

Evstafeev, Igor, 132, 136, 137 341, 344, 344-346

Evtushenko, K., 320 Geneva, 137, 183, 218-220, 237, 239,

Evzirikhin, Evgeni, 127 308, 424, 444; negotiations, 205, 308

Expert Commission, 169, 216, 218, Gerey, 14

282, 307, 309-312, 315, 322, 324, German (-s), 18, 20, 22-24, 51, 160,

335, 337, 339, 340, 344, 346, 364, 230; armies, 110; fighters, 160; mortar

376, 379, 380, 432 fire, 23; officers, 230; prisoners, 79;

samples, 161; scientific society, 408;

Fanin, Nikolai, 272 shepherds, 419; technology, 51; territory,

Faust, by Ch.Gounod, 38 23; troops, 20, 79, 230

Federal Agency for Government Germany, 19, 27, 51, 212, 261, 319,

Communications and Information 359, 366

Gevorkyan, Natalia, 413 215, 234, 241, 245, 246, 249,

Gilyarovskaya, Minna, 51 253, 266, 326, 426; Directorate,

Ginsburg, Vsevolod, 129-131 108, 142, 234; Deputy Director,

Giprosynthesis, Institute, 155 106, 108, 166, 204, 206, 213,

Gitel, Pavel, 130 218, 229, 234, 244; Dzerzhinsk and

Gladstein, Boris, 120 Borislavl branches, 109; Decontamination

Goal-oriented program, 340 (Degasification) Department D,

Godovikov, Sergei, 120 195, 200, 230; Engineering Department

Godzhello, Natalia, 152, 153, 322 151, 180; Experimental Plant, 97, 101,

Gogol, Nikolai, 134 128, 156, 160, 223;

Goldansky, Vitali, 367 First Department, 80-82, 85, 138,

Goldman, Irene, 315, 359, 372, 404, 173, 175, 186, 211, 217, 309; Foreign

432, 441 Technical Counterintelligence (PD ITR)

Gololobov, Yuri, 127 Department, 205-218, 221, 239; Main

Golosov, Nikolai, 101 Laboratory Building (GLK), 78-80, 139,

Golubkov, Sergei, 104, 200, 203, 232 204; Medical Department, 100;

Golubeva (Kulbeda), Olga, 154 Party Committee, 99, 100, 188, 218,

Gorbatova, Elena, 128 239, 240, 242;

Gorbunov, Yuri, 133 Physical Chemistry Department, 177,

Gordeyev, Alexander, 425 180, 181, 193, 213, 216; Permanent

Gorelov, V., 320 Technical Commission, 140, 265,

Gorelov, Foma,111, 112 337; Science Council, 106, 108, 138,

GOSNIIOKhT (GRNIIOKhT), 49, 146, 169, 172, 173, 181, 250; Volgograd

60, 62, 68, 79, 81-90, 93, 94, 97-100, Branch, 124, 148, 149, 216;

105-110, 112-114, 119-123, 127, Volsk (Shikhany) Branch, 110, 115,

128, 130, 133, 137, 139, 141, 144, 117, 124, 126, 128, 129, 143, 144,

146-148, 150, 153-156, 160, 162- 148, 149, 154, 193, 216, 309, 325,

170, 172, 175, 177, 178, 181, 186, 327; Scientific Technical Department,

187, 189, 191-193, 197-201, 203- 111

205, 207, 209-211, 213-215, 218- Greenpeace, 350

220, 223, 225, 226, 230-232, 234, Greenshtein, Evgeni, 183

239-241, 243-246, 252, 253, 257, Gref, F., 319

261-263, 265, 268, 270, 308, 310, Grigoriyants, Sergei, 302, 329

311, 324, 335, 424, 425; Department GRU (General Intelligence Directorate),

of Analytical Chemistry, 91, 104; 127, 128, 131, 178

Computer Center, 211, 212; Gulag (s), 27, 67

Department for Medical and Biological Gulf War veterans, 235

Research (MB), 127; Department RP, Gun, R., 319

136, 159, 160; Department of Guskov, Konstantin, 94, 96, 99, 101-

Technology of Organic Synthesis 106, 114, 122, 124, 125, 155, 157,

TOS, 102; Director, 112, 113, 158, 166, 172, 200, 204, 206, 208,

117, 127, 137, 138, 140, 146, 214, 215, 222, 232-234

148, 149, 152, 155, 160, 166, 172,

173, 190, 193, 194, 203, 206, 207, Hafez Assad, Syrian President, 140

Heitler and London (wave function), Professional Pathology, 201; for, Chemical

67 Defense of Plant Life (VNIISKhZR), 126;

Hiatt, Fred, 386 Legal Expertise, 380; Problems of Security

Higher Attestation Commission of the KGB, 312

(VAK), 169, 171, 172, 176 International Covenant on Civil and

Highway of Enthusiasts, 55, 76, 79, Political Rights, 379

139, 268 International Network of Engineers

Hirshwald, Wolfgang, 366 and Scientists for Global Responsibility

Hippel, von, Frank, 315-317 (INES), 408

HIV/AID test, 399 Inversion, 250, 254, 259, 288, 308

Human Rights Watch, 367 Ishan, 10, 11, 14, 15

Hydrochloric acid, 200, 201, 227 Islam, 11, 19

Hunt, Kathleen, 368, 389 Isler-Begen, M.-A., 319

Iakimets, Vladimir, 315 Israel, 106, 227, 228

Idel-Ural, 330 ITAR-TASS, 408, 419

Illesh, Andrei, 283 Ivan the Terrible, 7, 331

Ilyushenko, Aleksey, 445 Ivanov, Aleksei, 37

Imprisonment, 218, 283, 285-289, 322, Ivanov, Aleksander, 207

335, 343-347, 364, 375, 379, 382, 383 Ivin, Sergey, 108, 119-121, 123, 126-

Indictment, 195, 251, 253-256, 283, 128, 137, 162

294, 300-303, 316, 317, 327, 331, 334 Izvestia, 282, 283, 300, 304, 324,

Institute, 36-38, 41, 46-50, 55, 60, 62- 369, 388, 389, 404-406, 412, 426,

64, 68-70, 76, 77, 81-84, 86, 90-92, 435

96, 98-100, 104, 107-109, 112, 114,

115, 123, 126, 127, 132, 134, 138, 139, Kabachnik, Michael, 107, 120

148, 151, 152, 154, 155, 159-161, 165, Kagan, Yuli, 52, 53

166, 169, 171-176, 178, 181, 186, 205- Kagarmanov, Khabel, 20

207, 209, 213, 215, 217, 220, 225, 226, Kalugin, Oleg, 130, 312, 313

229, 231, 239, 241, 243, 245, 250-252, Kamalov, Mirkasim, 9, 16, 19

257, 265, 305, 307, 309-311, 322, 411; Kandaurov, Aleksei, 284, 301

at the General Intelligence Directorate Kanifa-apa, Bayanova, 26

(GRU), 178; of the Chlorine Industry, Kara-Kalpakia, 147, 191

229; Complex Automation of the Oil Karavanov, Konstatin, 96

and Gas Industry (VNIKANeftGas), Karimov, Islam, 262

71, 75; Elemental Organic Compounds, Karimova, Nazifa, 368

107, 120; Fine Chemical Technology Karmishin, Yuri, 304

(MITKhT), 36; KGB, 130, 210; Karpinsky, Len, 367

Nuclear Geophysics and Geochemistry, Katanyan, Constantine, 250

64; Organic Silicon Compounds Tech- Kazakhstan,148, 208

nology, 60; Petrochemical Synthesis, Kazakov, clan, 5

11, 40, 49, 60, 63, 64, 78; Physical Kazakov, Mirzazhan, 5

Chemical, 61,67; Physiologically Kazakov, Nazhmetdin, 11

Active Compounds, 111, 121; Tox- Kazan, 5, 7, 24, 332, 333, 335, 352,

icology in Kiev, 132; Toxicology and 367; plant, 51, 99, 102, 151; train station,

132, 413; University, 29 Komsomolskaya Square, 369

Kazannik, Aleksey, 362, 366, 372- Kondratiev, Yuri, 126, 162

374, 388, 389, 408, 434, 442, 444, Kopeiko, A., 320

445 Korean, prisoner, 394

Kazhdan, Henri, 49, 151, 152 Korneva, Zoya, 412

KGB, 1, 2, 28-30, 36, 67, 81, 83, 84- Koshelev, Aleksander, 436, 438, 439

86, 98, 130, 138, 141, 150, 152, 159- Koshelev, Sergey, 144

161, 172, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213, Kostenko, Gennady, 162-164, 170

214, 216-218, 221, 228-231, 235, Kostikin, Leonid, 156, 174, 175

243, 244, 250, 251, 259, 266-268, Kostin, Aleksei, 396, 416

270, 278-280, 283, 284, 286, 291, Kovalev, Sergei, 320

299, 300, 302, 309, 311, 312, 315, Kozlovski, Ivan, 37

326-329, 332, 337, 341, 342, 349, Krasheninnikov, Victor, 208, 209,

351, 360, 363, 364, 399, 411, 418, 211, 216, 217

426, 440 Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 250, 332, 411

Khadi Taktash, 29 Kuibyshevski Special Design Bureau,

Khandozhko, General, 46 134

Khasanbikov, Mirkasim, 9 Kuibyshevski Miliary District, 166

Khasanyanov, Salikh, 12-15 Kulikov, Mikhail, 160-162

Khasbulatov, Ruslan, 320, 328, 333, Kuntsevich, Anatoly, 132, 140,

350, 351, 360, 367 141,198, 207, 220, 221, 243, 246, 304,

Khimavtomatika, 190 305, 352, 358

Khokhlova, lecturer, 48 Kuranty, 250, 254, 288, 442

Khoryok, 107, 124, 149 Kurdish, citizens, 235; village, 236

Khotimskaya, Minna, 69 Kurochkin, Vladimir, 110, 152, 176,

Khrulev, Yu., 320 178, 181, 206, 244, 246, 287

Khrushchev, Nikita, 114, 257 Kuwait, 235

Kirpichev, Petr, 110, 126, 142-146, Kuznetsky Most (Bridge), 363

309, 326 Kuznetsov, Boris, 218, 219, 308, 340,

Kishlaks, 153 342, 425

Klin, 22, 61 Kuznetsov, Nikolai, 166, 167, 192

Klochkov, Aleksander, 180 Kvmpstrop, E., 319

Knight, Amy,426

Knunyantz, Ivan, 91, 110 Langer, A., 319

Kolyada, Olga, 196, 197 Lannoi, P., 319

Kochetkov, Anatoly, 216, 340, 342, Laricheva, Valentina, 378, 379, 383,

345 385

Kolovertnov, Gena, 62 Lawyers Committee for Human

Koltsov, Nikolai, 426 Rights, 374, 408

Komarov, Victor, 128 Lebedev, Valeri, 123

Komchatov, V., 320 Lefortovo, Investigation Department,

Komsomol, 28, 33, 35, 46, 96, 243, 323, 325, 350, 360,425; Prison, 140,

246, 262, 272, 443; Lenin’s national 150, 221, 261, 267-269, 272-274, 276,

policy, 330; room, 45, 48 278-281, 283, 289, 295, 297, 360, 361,

367, 369, 398, 399, 401, 402, 423, 425 Military Unit 61469, 123, 132, 134,

Lemeshev, Sergei, 32 135, 143, 147, 163, 198, 324, 328,

Lenin, 10, 20, 27, 46, 47, 77, 99, 107, 329

333, 364, 411; Leninism, 41, 46, 63, Milyutin, Michael, 208

248; Leningrad, 30, 109,188; Prospect, Ministry of Atomic Energy, 159

389; Prize, 61, 105, 107, 141, 159, Ministry of Geology, 69, 70

167, 221, 246, 262, 272 Ministry of Chemical Industry, 61,

Lermontov, Michael, 29 95, 102, 104, 113, 114, 156, 158,

Levina, Faina, 30 172, 207-209, 211, 212, 214, 216,

Lewisite, 142, 153, 303 219, 232, 253, 378

Lipasov, Leonid, 221 Ministry of Defense, 180, 324

Lisitsian, Pavel, 37 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 344

List of chemical agents, 148 Ministry of Foreign Trade, 133

List of employees, 226, 336 Ministry of Health, Third Chief

List of information of state secrecy, Administration, 165

226, 338, 339, 345, 375, 378 Ministry of Industry, 253

List of Major Information (LMI), Ministry of Mineral Fertilizers, 207

343, 378 Ministry of Security of the Russian

List of experts, 308, 309 Federation (MB RF), 267, 282-284,

Listov, Vladimir, 115, 126 299, 301, 324, 345, 369, 381, 389,

Los Angeles Times, 371 425, 430

Loshak, Aleksander, 367 Mintyukov, Aleksei, 322

Luchinsky, Yu., 320 Minyamal, Grandmother, 6

Lukiyanov, Aleksei, 302 Mironov, Andrei, 261, 267, 273,

Lukiyanov, Anatoly, 410 343, 369, 389, 407, 426, 430, 431,

Luzhkov, Yuri, 190 432, 442

Luzhniki, 240 Mirzayanov, Akhmetziya, 8

Lyuberetskaya gang, 436 Mirzayanov, Fazliakhmet, 6

Mirzayanov, Iskander, 257, 279,

Maleykin, Sergei, 137 297, 298, 390

Markov, Georgi, 130 Mirzayanova Lisa, 26

Martins, K., 319 Mirzayanova, Nuria, 267, 268, 276,

Maslov, Nikolai, 207 278

Maslov, Victor, 435 Mirzayanov, Sultan, 9, 10

Mayak, 275, 281, 372 Mirzayanov, Sultan V., 257, 276,

Mayor, Frederico, 366 298, 387, 390, 391, 398

Mecca, 6, 19 Mirzayanova (Skibko), Rita, 52, 55,

Medvedev, Boris, 100 59, 75

Medvedev, R., 319 Mirzayanova, Vaziga, 10, 18

Meissner, Dieter, 360 Mitkova, Tatiana, 404, 405, 423

Meizel, U., 319 Mohammed, Prophet, 11

Melandri, E., 319 Molodezhny Kanal (Youth), 372

Melik-Pashaev, Aleksander, 38 Molostvov, M., 320

Merzabekova, Natalia, 129 Morozov, Nikolai, 52

Morris, 319 Mufti, 11

Moscow, 1. 13, 22, 31, 32, 35, 36, Mukhamadiev, Renat, 333

39-41, 46, 47, 50, 55, 57, 58, 65, Mujahedeen, 350

75, 79, 109, 111, 114-116, 121, 126, Murashev, Arkady, 243, 244

133, 153, 177, 190, 200, 231, 232, Muratov, Rishat, 32

245, 247, 260, 265, 282, 295, 317, Murov, 26

328, 332, 335, 350, 351, 352, 357, Musa Dzhalil, 23, 24

359, 372, 376, 383, 392, 394, 405, Musin, A., 319

406, 415, 422, 426, 438, 444; air, 139; Muslim pilgrims, 19

Bauman High Technical School in, 32, Myshko, Nikolai, 47, 48

36; 284, 298, 357-360, 387, 390, 391;

Burdenko Military Hospital, 127; City Nabrerezhnich, Rudolf, 132, 136

Committee of the CPSU, 98, 100; City Nasokhin, A., 320

Committee for Ecology, 242; City Nasirov, Colonel, 28

Court, 364, 368, 369, 387, 406, 412, Nazarov, Ivan, 38

413, 415, 419, 423, 413, 416, 439; Nazarov, Vladimir, 442

City District Council, 243; City Duma, Nazi war criminals, 182

165; City Prosecutor’s Office, 371; Nefedov, Oleg, 113

City Fire Brigade, 139; City sewage Nelep, Georgi, 37

system, 198; district courts, 92; Frunze Netrebko, Anna

Naberejnaya, 132; Highway of Newman, E., 319

Enthusiastov in, 55, 76, 79, 139, 268; New York Academy of Sciences, 2,

jails, 292, 413, 416, 437; Kalinin Dis- 3, 366, 373, 408, 447

trict Peopl’s Court in, 293; Karpov New York Times, 302, 315, 405, 442

Physical Chemical Institute, 62, 67; New York Metropolitan Opera

Khlebny Pereulok, 385, 389; Lenin House, 30

State Library in, 64; Mayor of, 190, Nikishin, Leonard, 262, 422, 423

249; media, 367; Mendeleev Nikolaev, K.M., 68

Chemical Technical Institute of, 101; Nikulin, Peter, 312, 313

newspaper, 250, 423; Police Depart- Nim, Naum, 386

ment 387; press, 418; Radisson- Nizhny Novgorod, 43

Slavyanskaya Hotel in, 1, 447; River, Nixon, Richard, 227

41; State University, 57, 153, 176, Nobel Prize, 167, 316; laureate, 3,

210, 249, 428; Yaroslav Train 318, 366, 447

Station, 76 Novichok, chemical agent, 2, 138,

Moscow News, weekly, 204, 221, 140, 142, 149, 233, 237, 238, 261,

260-262, 265, 268, 274, 283, 284, 341, 447

296, 316, 366, 367, 383, 407, 412, Novikov, Yuri, 93

419, 422, 435, 446 Novocheboksary, 61, 103-107, 119,

Moscow Times, 425 122, 128, 154, 155, 158, 167, 190,

Moscow Tribune, 442 203, 204, 220, 221, 226, 303

Mostovshchikov, Sergei, 388, 389, Novocherkassk, 19, 51

390, 406 Novodvorskaya, Valeria, 369, 377,

Moynihan, Daniel, 365, 387 382

Novoe Vremya, weekly, 150, 263, 374

266, 274, 292, 312, 323 Phosphoorganic, chemical agents

NTV, Russian Channel, 372, 404, 423 (POCA), 99, 127, 129, 135, 138, 148,

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 170, 236; chemicals, 148; compounds,

98, 178 130, 201; radicals, 130

Nukus, 147, 148, 166, 191, 237, 259, Phosphorous chloride, 200

267, 277 Pickering, Tomas, 405, 408, 418

Nuremberg trials, 182 Plekhanov, Yuri, 300, 410, 411

Pikalov, Vladimir, 164

Olympic Games, 440 Pikovaya Dama, by P. Tchaikovsky,

OMON, 387, 388, 390-393 37

Onesta, J., 319 Plisetskaya, Maya, 38

Ordzhonikidze, Sergo, 65 Plushch, Oleg, 159, 164, 165

Orenburg, 5, 6, 31 Politbureau of the Central Committee

Orlov, Count, 115 of the CPCU, 47, 126, 233

Orlov, Oleg, 389 Poltoranin, Michael, 353

Orlova, Elena, 389, 411 Polyakov, Victor, 141, 242, 245

Ostapchuk, 230 Polyani, Michael, 66

Ottoman Empire, 19 Ponomarenko, Felix, 123, 124

OVIR, 359 Ponomarev, Lev, 254-256, 320

Ovchinnikov, Yuri, 113 Popov, Gavriil, 249

Pravda, 254

Pacific Ocean, 53 Proceedings of the USSR Academy of

Pagel, R. Heinz, 2, 391 Science, 66, 91

Pankratov, Leonid, 323, 329-331, Princeton, 350, 433, 447; University, 1

333, 338-340, 368, 369, 373, 375, Prison, 361; prisoner, 18, 22, 23, 27,

380, 381, 386 36, 56, 65, 79, 225, 276, 279, 280,

Patrushev, Grigroy, 79, 99-101, 110, 281, 289, 291-293, 295, 350, 360, 361,

128, 146, 152, 157, 168, 184 369, 393-398, 400-402, 404-406, 410,

Pavlodar, 129 412, 413, 416-418, 423, 426, 436, 437,

Pavlov, Valentin, 290, 360 439, 442, 494

Pentagon Papers, 201 Privezentsev, Yuri, 106, 107

Perestroika, 170, 208 Pugachev, Emiliyan, 6

Perkin Elmer GC, 163, 173 Pushkin, Aleksander, 29, 376; Street,

Permanent Technical Commission, 446

234 Pushkinskaya, metro, 266

Persian Gulf, 208, 209, 210 Pumpyansky, Aleksander, 367

Pesticide (s), 83, 148, 170, 203, 220 Putsch, 248, 367, 376

Petrunin, Victor, 115-117, 140, 141,

143, 144, 146, 147, 149, 154, 155, Radio, 21, 23, 24, 27, 30, 247, 275,

166, 167, 188, 190-193, 203, 207, 215, 277, 278, 281, 292, 325, 352, 353,

226, 232-234, 238, 239, 241-246, 253, 375, 390, 411, 416; radioactive,

266, 340, 426, 427 159, 164, 215, 216; Radio Azatliq

Physicians for Social Responsibility, 369; Committee for, 358; National

Public, 368; “Mayak”, 275, 281, 371; chauvinism, 7; -Chechen war, 333,

monitoring, 309; Radio Station 334; chemical weapons, 5, 226;

Vozrozhdenie, 302; Echo Moskva, chemist,365; citizens, 317;

325, 371; Radio Stations – The Voice Committee for Conventional Problems

of America, Freedom, BBC, and of Chemical and Biological Weapons,

others, 309; Youth Channel, 383, 271, 207, 217; Constitution, 361, 373,

324; National Public, 321; Echo 375, 377, 384, 386, 390, 409;

Moskva, 284, 324; Liberty, 321; correspondents, 298, 358, 377;

Azatltk, 321 Criminal Code, 270, 379; delegation,

Radisson Hotel, 1 414; democratic figures, 311; Deputy

Rafflin, J.P., 319 Attorney General, 266; Deputy Prime

Razuvanov, R.F., 134 Minister, 140; economy, 141; Empire,

Red Army, 14, 152 7, 330, 331, 332, 334; expansionism

Revelsky, Igor, 172, 173, 194 7; Federation, 266, 308, 320, 332, 354,

Reznik, Henri, 300 378, 384; folk songs, 115, 281; foreign

Reznik, Semeyon, 432 policy, 345; gentry, 6; Government,

Richardson, Bill, 304, 305 303, 341, 358, 365, 373, 374, 405,

Ricin, 129, 130 408; historians,

Rossiskaya Gazetta, 303, 304 91; Industry, 253; journal, 316; landlady

Rot, K., 319 33, language, 29, 30, 32, 35;

Rudnev, Valery, 300, 346, 426, 442 law, 257, 365; literature, 29; magazine,

Russia, 3, 7, 8, 11, 16, 19, 22, 27, 150; mass-media, 431; military

28, 96, 97, 104, 129, 141, 146, 150, authorities, 262; military-chemical

165, 187, 192, 217, 239, 240, 244, complex, 344; military specialists,

248, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 262, 226; Muslims, 19; nation, 335; newspaper,

265, 277, 279, 289, 293, 294, 301, 266; Novichok program, 2; officials,

303, 304, 309, 310, 311, 313, 317, 367; pass, 330; patriotism

319, 330, 331, 333, 334, 339, 341, 316; people, 7, 8, 333, 361; poets, 29;

342, 344, 347, 350-356, 358, 360- politicians, 368; President, 119, 207

362, 364-368, 372, 373, 375, 377, 302, 303, 316, 318, 335, 354, 362,

381, 383, 386, 391, 392, 405, 407, 374, 385, 439; reform, 418; revolution,

408, 414, 447 19; reporters, 434; romance,

Russian, 1, 2, 6-8, 13, 15, 24, 26, 32- 115; scientist (s), 66, 67, 435; school,

35, 46, 68, 263, 270, 281, 282, 331, 32, 39; secret-bearer, 447;

335, 342, 343, 351, 359, 374, 423; soldiers, 334; State Library, 248;

Academy of Sciences, 113, 409, 435; troops, 332; tsar, 6; Vice President,

affairs, 335; Air Force General, 361; 328; villages, 15; VX gas, 119; words

American International Press Center, 33, 394

386, 390, 405, 418; Attorney General Russia’s Choice, 407

of, 300, 318, 319, 372, 445; Ryurikov, Dmitry, 358

6; authorities, 124, 284, 357, 367; Ryskal, Anatoly, 422

authorities, 141, 325, 408, 419;

autocracy, 4, 7; Binary Weapons, Saddam Hussein, 427

119, 283; captives, 19; carriage, 115; Sammaruga, Cornelio, 444

Safonov, Anatoly, 300 322-324, 332, 335-337, 340, 341,

Sagdeev, Roald, 373, 400 343, 346, 349, 361, 363, 369, 375,

Sakharov, Andrei, 317, 367, 373, 425, 431, 434

374, 408, 409 Sholokhov, Michael, 23

Salie, M., 320 Shumeiko, Vladimir, 140

Samara, 167 Shikhany, 109, 114, 117, 123, 124,

Saratov, 64, 109, 132, 163, 198; 126, 128, 141-143, 153, 164, 167, 188,

military chemical college, 109; region, 233, 277, 302, 328, 329; Polygon, 132,

352, 356; regional Party Committee, 136; test site, 132, 147, 163, 263, 326

115; University, 66 Shikhany-2, 132, 136

Sarin, 58, 72, 82-84, 92, 106, 123- Siberian Branch of the Academy of

125, 158, 67, 84, 94, 96, 105, 123, Sciences, 62

141, 143, 179, 183, 186, 197, 198, Simeoni, M.., 320

201-203, 217, 222, 232, 236, 237, Simonov, Aleksei, 386, 390

281, 303, 449 Simonov, Konstantin, 23

Sarkisyan, Edward, 240, 261, 267 Sirotkin, S., 320

Sazonov, Nikolai, 364, 369-371, 378, Sitdikov, Ravil, 423

379, 383-385, 390, 420-423, 425, Slavgorod, 155

428, 429, 436, 446, 442 Sloan, Wendy, 442

Shchekotikhin, Alexander, 89-91, 94, Smirnitsky, Vadim, 324, 337, 339,

131, 132, 137, 165 379, 424, 425

Scientific and Technical Department Smirnov, Aleksander, 48, 49, 151

(NTO), 175 Smirnov, Sergei, 153-155, 158, 159

Secretary of State, 365, 368 Smirnov, Vladimir, 186, 187, 194

Semyonov, Aleksei, 367 Shoko Asahara, 281

Sergievski, Igor, 105, 106 Soborovsky, Leonid, 108, 127

Schanin, Aleksander, 292-295 Sokalski, Georgi, 137

Shabad, A., 320 Sokolov, Boris, 435

Shaimiev, Mintimer, 332, 333 Sokolov, Leonid, 106, 137, 176

Shakhrai, Sergei, 249 Sokolov, Vasili, 64-66, 68-70, 72, 75

Shakhrai, Volodya, 75 Sokolov, Svyatoslav, 210, 218, 322, 336

Sharashka, 79, 225, 226, 232, 260 Solow, Robert, 316

Shargorodsky, Sergei, 442 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 130, 225,

Sharia, 17 227

Sharipova, Gaishagar, 30 Soman, 67, 84, 94, 105, 123, 140, 141,

Shiekh-Gali, 335 143, 179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 197,

Sheinis, V., 320 198, 200-203, 217, 222, 232, 233,

Shelakova, Iya, 119-121 261, 303

Sheluchenko, Vladislav, 92-94, 96, Sorochkin, Ivan, 205, 206

132 Soros, George, 2, 408, 447

Shestov, S., 320 Sovershenno Secretno, 259, 260

Shkarin, Victor, 140, 213, 269, 270- Soyuzorgsynthesis, 61, 102, 104, 156,

272, 274, 276-278, 280, 282, 284- 207, 216, 219

287, 291, 292, 299, 307, 308, 315, Soviet, 2, 32, 49, 105, 129, 134, 206,

230, 243, 244, 246, 251, 255, 286, 319-321, 328, 333, 334, 350, 352,

312, 313, 319, 333; Academy of 362, 410

Sciences, 409; agents, 230, 237; Surinski, Ivan, 218

- American joint venture, 410; – Am- Surkov, N., 320

erican negotiations, 324; analogue, Syria, 140

84; administration, 18, 48; Army, 43, Syrian, government, 140, 141; Syrians,

45, 128, 144, 148, 149, 167, 178, 140, 141; President, 140

185, 191, 198, 237, 272, 303, 304;

352, 353, 359, 368, 418, 423 arsenal, Talbot, Strobe, 365

167; binary weapon, 149; bureau- Tammelin, L.E., 119

cracy, 95, 114, 134; bureaucrat, Tarasovka Settlement, 76

174; camp, 27; chemical weapons, Tatar, 5-8, 13, 23-27, 29, 30, 32-34,

237; concentration camps, 329; 51, 90,

deceptions, 233; delegation, 137, Tatarstan, 332, 359, 38, 418, 423

308, 324; disarmament policy, 229; Tearing agent (lachrymator), 6,

“economists”, 248; elite, 48; era, 61; 83, 153

Labor Code, 77; justice, 376, 382; Technical Order, 336

jewry, 408; power, 8; regime, 28; Tiananmen Square, 374

state, 28, 47; system, 25, 65, 72, 77; Timmermans, 24

times, 5, 372, 393; troops, 27; Union, Tkachenko, Ivan, 208, 211, 216

41, 63, 65, 85, 109, 148, 150, 167, Tokyo’s subway, 281

237, 317, 333, 365, 366, 381; war Trans-Ural, 8

captives, 24, 27 Tsar, 6-8, 19, 20, 307, 331, 353

Staes, P., 319 Tsar-Cannon, 354

Stalin, Josif, 20-23, 28, 36, 41, 47, Tsvet, Micahel, 66, 155, 184, 189, 190

90, 91, 105, 110, 114, 225; -ist, 27, Tugan Tel, 319

226, 228 Tula Special Design Bureau of

Stalingrad, 21 Automation (OKBA), 215

Stary Kangysh, 10, 11, 17, 18, Turkeltaub, Nusselt, 63-66

20-22, 55 Turkey, 19, 154

Steklenyova, Nadezhda, 193 Tver, 161

Stockholm International Peace

Research Institute, 429 Uglev, Vladimir, 111, 143, 265, 325-

Stone, Jermy, 316 327, 340, 382

Stroganov, Sergei, 207, 210 Ukraine, 27, 109, 330, 335

Substance 33, 61, 84, 94, 100-109, UNKhV, 108, 123, 124, 132, 147, 159,

119, 121-125, 127, 128, 139, 141, 183, 187, 199, 220

143, 145, 147, 151, 167, 190, 197, Umetskaya, S., 319

204, 215, 216, 221, 226, 227, 237, UNESCO, 366

261, 272, 303-305, 310, 327 United Nations, 342

Substance 78, 128 United States, 2, 15, 98, 109, 132, 261,

Substance 84, 142 262, 366

Supreme, Court, 369, 364; Soviet, Universal Declaration of Human

241, 243, 244, 251, 255, 312, 313, Rights, 373, 378

Urazhtsev, V., 320 Wall Street Journal, 407, 418

USA, 213, 217 Waller, J. Michael, 407

U.S., Congressional Committee on Washington Post, 386

Government Operations, 368 Watson, James, 447

Uzbekistan, 147, 153, 191, 240, 259, Whistleblower, 368

262, 272 White Army, 8

Workshop, 17, 55, 56, 59, 61, 151,

Valitovs, 6 200, 217, 222, 223, 308

Van-Dyke, N., 319 World War I, 5, 133

Vanunu, Mordechai, 228, 229 World War II, 16, 55, 67, 68, 141,

Varlaam, monk, 308 144, 151, 232, 291

Varov, V., 320 Wyoming Memorandum, 150, 222,

Varshavski, Semion, 105, 106 250

Varukhin, V., 320357, 358, 368, 372

Vasiliev, Igor, 140, 149, 246 Yablokov, Aleksei, 354

Vasiliev, lawyer, 286, 291 Yakov, Valery, 435

Veremchuk, V., 320 Yakunin, Gleb, 240, 254

Versen, F., 319 Yarovenko, Nikolai,128

Vershinin, N, 320 Yavitsky, Aleksander, 278, 281, 287,

Vietnam, 163, 227, 302 289

Vishnevskaya, Galina, 37 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 368

Vitchenko, Antonina, 175 Yeltsin, Boris, 140, 188, 234, 240,

Vlasov, general-traitor, 23 247, 248, 249, 251, 262, 266, 283,

Vlasov, Nikolai, 243 303, 313, 316, 318, 332, 350-354,

VNIIKANeftGas, 76, 77 356, 358, 360, 362, 366, 373, 407,

Volga, car, 104, 112; River, 115, 419, 423, 435

163, 164, 201, 203; Yudin, Victor, 378, 379, 383, 420,

Volgograd, 109, 123, 126, 148, 149, 421, 423

155, 159, 200-203, 233, 262, 322; Yushenkov, Sergei, 320, 352, 353

Industrial Association VPO

Khimprom, 203, 204, 216, 222, 223, Zadonsky, G., 279

232, 262, 308, 322; plant, 200, 202, Zalygin, Sergei, 381

203, 261, 308, 322 Zaozerov, Adolph, 145, 146

Volkova, Evgenia, 165 Zaritovsky, colonel, 384

Volkov, V.,320 Zaslavskaya, Tatiana, 320

Volsk, 109, 110, 115, 126, 128, 129, Zaslavsky, Victor, 215

147, 149, 154, 160, 163, 166, 193, Zasukhin, S., 279

216, 309, 325, 327 Zefirov, Nikolai, 100

Vorontsov, Nikolai, 406 Zemlyanishin, Ivan, 235, 246, 263,

Vozrozhdenie, island, 438 279

VX gas, 99, 108, 119, 121-123, 221, Zhakov, Alfred, 137, 224

237, 262, 265, 303, 304 Zheleznyakov, Andrei, 130, 131,

149-150, 233, 281, 297, 380

Zhiguli, 268

Zhiguli-luxe, 135

Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 376

Zhukhovitsky, Aleksander, 64, 66, 67,

69, 71

Zilyaev, Gali, 25

Zoryan, Vladimir, 92

Zuberbiller, Olga, 41