Enola Gay: Mission to Hiroshima

Bibliography

These books, like other published material related to the subject, should be consulted with caution; Hiroshima has proved fertile ground for propagandists.

For readers interested in the aftereffects of the bomb in human terms, we recommend the documentary novel Black Rain by Masuji Ibuse (San Francisco: Kodansha, 1969).

Alperovitz, Gar. Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965.

Amrine, Michael. The Great Decision. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1959.

Anders, Gunther, with Eatherly, Claude. Burning Conscience. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1962.

Arisue, Seizo. Memoirs. Tokyo: Fuyo Shobo, 1974.

Arnold, Henry H. Global Mission. 1949. Reprint. New York: Arno Press, 1972.

Asahi Shimbun. A-Bomb. Hiroshima Peace Culture Center, 1972.

Asahi Shimbun. Foreword to The Pacific Rivals, by E. O. Reischauer. New York: Weatherhill/Asahi, 1972.

Asbell, Bernard. When F.D.R. Died. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1961.

Baldwin, Hanson W. Great Mistakes of the War. New York: Harper & Bros., 1950.

Batchelder, Robert C. The Irreversible Decision. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961.

Bateson, Charles. The War with Japan. Sydney: Ure Smith, 1968.

Bishop, Jim. FDR’s Last Year. New York: William Morrow, 1974; Pocket Books, 1975.

Blackett, P. M. S. Fear, War and the Bomb. Folcroft: Folcroft Library Editions, 1948.

Boyle, Andrew. No Passing Glory. London: Collins, 1955.

Braddon, Russell. Cheshire V.C. London: Evans Bros., 1965.

Bush, Vannevar. Pieces of the Action. New York: William Morrow, 1970.

Butow, Robert J. C. Japan’s Decision to Surrender. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1954.

Butow, Robert J. C. Tojo and the Coming of the War. Princeton. Princeton University Press, 1961.

Byrnes, James F. Speaking Frankly. 1947. Reprint. New York: Greenwood Press, 1974.

Campbell, J. W. The Atomic Story. New York: Henry Holt, 1947.

Churchill, Winston S. The Second World War. (Esp. vol. 6.) New York: Time, 1959; Bantam Books, 1962.

Clark, R. W. The Birth of the Bomb. New York: Horizon Press, 1961.

Coffey, Thomas M. Imperial Tragedy. New York: World Publishing, 1970.

Compton, Arthur Holly. Atomic Quest. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.

Craig, William. The Fall of Japan. New York: Dial Press, 1967.

Craigie, Sir Robert. Behind the Japanese Mask. London: Hutchinson, 1946.

Craven, W. F., and Cate, J. L., eds. The Army Air Forces in World War Two. (Esp. vol. 5.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953.

Crowl, Philip A. U.S. Army in World War II, The War in the Pacific, Campaign in the Marianas. Washington: Department of the Amry, 1960.

Feis, Herbert. The Road to Pearl Harbor. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.

Feis, Herbert. Between War and Peace. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960.

Feis, Herbert. Japan Subdued. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961.

Feis, Herbert. The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War Two. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.

Fuchida, Mitsuo, and Okumiya, Masatake. Midway, the Battle That Doomed Japan. Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1955.

Gigon, Fernand. Formula for Death. Translated by Constantine FitzGibbon. New York: Roy Publishers, 1959.

Giovannitti, Len, and Freed, Fred. The Decision to Drop the Bomb. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965.

Gowing, Margaret. Britain and Atomic Energy 1939–1945. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1964.

Grew, Joseph C. Ten Years in Japan. 1944. Reprint. New York: Arno Press, 1972.

Groueff, Stephane. Manhattan Project. Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.

Groves, Leslie R. Now It Can Be Told. 1962. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.

Hachiya, Michihiko. Hiroshima Diary. Translated by W. Wells. 1955. Reprinted. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969.

Hashimoto, Mochitsura. Sunk. Translated by E. H. M. Colgrave. New York: Henry Holt, 1954.

Hewlett, Richard G., and Anderson, Oscar E. A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. (Esp. vol. 1.) University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962.

Hillman, William. Mr. President. New York: Farrar, Straus & Young, 1952.

Hines, Neal O. Proving Ground. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1962.

Hiroshima City Hall. Hiroshima City. 1971.

Hirschfeld, Burt. A Cloud Over Hiroshima. New York: Julian Messner, 1967.

History of the U.N. War Crimes Commission. London: H.M.S.O., 1948.

Huie, William Bradford. The Hiroshima Pilot. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1964.

Hull, Cordell. Memoirs. (Esp. vol. 2.) New York: Macmillan, 1948.

Inoguchi, Rikihei, et al. The Divine Wind. Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1958.

Irving, David. German Atomic Bomb. (Orig. title, The Virus House.) New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968.

Isely, J.A., and Crowl, P.A. The U.S. Marines and Amphibious Warfare. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951.

James, David H. The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire. New York: Macmillan, 1951.

Jungk, Robert. Children of the Ashes. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961.

Jungk, Robert. Brighter Than a Thousand Suns. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970.

Knebel, Fletcher, and Bailey, Charles W. No High Ground. New York: Harper & Bros., 1960.

Konoye, Fumimaro. Memoirs. Tokyo: Asahi Shimbun, 1946.

Lamont, Lansing. Day of Trinity. New York: Atheneum, 1965.

Lapp, Ralph E. Kill and Overkill. New York: Basic Books, 1962.

Laurence, William L. Dawn Over Zero. 1947. Reprint. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972.

Leahy, William D. I Was There. New York: Whittlesey House, 1950.

LeMay, Curtis E., with Kantor, M. Mission with LeMay. New York: Doubleday, 1965.

Lipton, Robert Jay. Death in Life. New York: Random House, 1967.

Lord, Walter. Day of Infamy. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1957.

MacArthur, Douglas. Reminiscences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964.

McCloy, John J. The Challenge to American Foreign Policy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953.

Major, John. The Oppenheimer Hearing. New York: Stein & Day, 1971.

Manchester, William. The Glory and the Dream. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974; New York: Bantam Books, 1975.

Marx, Joseph L. Seven Hours to Zero. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1967.

Miller, Merle. Plain Speaking. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1974; Berkeley, 1974.

Miller, Merle, and Spitzer, Abe. We Dropped the A-Bomb. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1946.

Millis, Walter, This is Pearl! 1947. Reprint. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1971.

Minear, Richard H. Victor’s Justice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973.

Morison, Samuel Eliot. History of the United States Naval Operations in World War Two. (Esp. vols. 3, 8, and 14.) Boston: Little, Brown, 1948–60.

Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Two-Ocean War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1963.

Morris, Ivan. The Nobility of Failure. New York: New American Library, 1976.

Morton, Louis. Command Decisions. Washington: Department of the Army, 1971.

Mosley, Leonard. Hirohito. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1966.

Moss, Norman. Men Who Play God. New York: Harper & Row, 1969.

Nakamoto, Hiroko, and Pace, M. M. My Japan 1930–51. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.

Newcomb, Richard F. Abandon Ship! 1958. Reprint. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976.

New York Times. Hiroshima Plus 20. New York: Delacorte Press, 1965. (Baldwin, H. W., “Hiroshima Decision”; Lapp, R. E., “The Einstein Letter.”)

Osada, A. Children of the A-Bomb. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1963.

Osaka, Ichiro. Hiroshima 1945. Tokyo: Chuko Shinso, 1975.

Ota, Y. Shikabane no Machi (Town of Corpses). Tokyo: Kawade Shobo, 1955.

Oughterson, A. W., and Warren, S., eds. Medical Effects of the Atomic Bomb in Japan. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.

Reilly, Michael F. I Was Roosevelt’s Shadow. London: W. Foulsham, 1946.

Russell of Liverpool. The Knights of Bushido. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1958.

Ryder, Sue. And the Tomorrow Is Theirs. Bristol: Burleigh Press, 1975.

Sakai, Saburo. Samurai. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1957.

Schoenberger, Walter S. Decision of Destiny. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1970.

Shigemitsu, Mamoru. Japan and Her Destiny. Translated by Oswald White. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1958.

Smith, Alice Kimball. A Peril and a Hope. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.

Smith, Merriman. Thank You, Mr. President. 1946. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.

Stimson, Henry L., and Bundy, McGeorge. On Active Service in Peace and War. 1948. Reprint. New York: Octagon Books, 1971.

Storry, Richard. A History of Modern Japan. New York: Penguin Books, 1960.

Takayama, Hitoshi, ed. Hiroshima in Memoriam and Today. Hiroshima Peace Culture Center, 1973.

Taylor, A. J. P. The Origins of the Second World War. New York: Atheneum, 1962.

Teller, Edward, and Brown, Allen. The Legacy of Hiroshima. 1962. Reprint. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1975.

Togo, Shigenori. The Cause of Japan. Translated and edited by Togo Fumihiko and Ben Bruce Blakeney. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956.

Toland, John. The Rising Sun. New York: Random House, 1970; Bantam Books, 1971.

Truman, Harry S. Year of Decisions. New York: Doubleday, 1955.

Truman, Harry S. Mr. Citizen. New York: Bernard Geis, 1960.

Trumbull, Robert. Nine Who Survived Hiroshima and Nagasaki. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1957.

Tully, Grace. F.D.R., My Boss. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949.

Wilson, Jane, ed. All in Our Time. Chicago: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1975.

Zacharias, Ellis M. Secret Missions. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1946.

Individual items, too numerous to mention, many recently declassified, may be found at:

American National Red Cross, Washington: Tinian, medical and social.

Atomic Energy Commission, Historical Office, Washington: Oppenheimer, Research and Development, etc.

Historical Office, State Department, Bureau of Public Affairs, Washington: Interim Committee, etc.

Japanese Defense Agency, Historical Section, Tokyo: General and Specific Naval and Army Activities During World War II.

National Archives, Washington: Record Group No. 77: MED Top Secret Files, MED H&B Files, Top Secret Files of Special Interest to General Groves; Record Group No. 165: OPD Project Decimal Files, OPD Olympic; U.S. Strategic Bombing Surveys, etc.

Naval Historical Center, Washington: Tinian NAB, USS Indianapolis, Oral Interviews, etc.

Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB: Record Groups: GP-509-SU, HI, RE (Comp), HI (Comp), OP-5, Oral Interviews.

B-29 Flight Manual (Familiarization File, USAAF).

Dull, Paul S., and Umemura, Michael T. The Tokyo Trials. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1957.

Franck, James. Report of the Committee on Social and Political Implications. June, 1945 (“The Franck Report”; complete text in A Peril and a Hope).

History of the 509th Composite Group, 313 Bombardment Wing, Twentieth Air Force—Activation to 15 August, 1945. Official Historian, Tinian, August 31, 1945.

International Military Tribunal for the Far East (National Archives, esp. vols. 60, 61, 64, 65, 74).

Log of the President’s Trip to the Berlin Conference, July 6, 1945, to August 7, 1945. Written and compiled by William M. Rigdon, USN, 1946, with a foreword by Lieutenant George M. Elsey, USNR.

Manhattan Engineer District. The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Washington, 1957.

Ossip, Jerome J., ed. 509th Pictorial Album, Tinian, 1945.

Report of the British Mission to Japan. The Effects of the Atomic Bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. London: H.M.S.O., 1946.

Short History of the 509th Group. Roswell, 1947.

Smyth, H. D. A General Account of the Development of the Methods of Using Atomic Energy for Military Purposes under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940–1945. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946.

U.S. Army Air Forces. Mission Accomplished. (Interrogation of Japanese Industrial, Military and Civil Leaders of WW II). Washington: Government Printing Office, 1955.

U.S. Strategic Bombing Surveys: Interrogations; The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japan’s War Economy; Japan’s Struggle to End the War; The Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japanese Morale; Effects of Air Attack on the City of Hiroshima; Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. All published by Government Printing Office, Washington, 1945–47.

Araki, Takeshi (Foreword). Hiroshima. Hiroshima Peace Culture Center, 1975.

Bainbridge, Kenneth T. “Prelude to Trinity.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 31. no. 4, April 1975; “A Foul and Awesome Display,” vol. 31, no. 5, May 1975.

Batchelor, John, ed. Battle of the Pacific. London: Purnell, 1975.

Bishop, John. “The Trick That Was a Steppingstone to Japan.” Saturday Evening Post, December 23, 1944.

Caron, George R. “Mission Destruction.” Veterans of Foreign Wars Magazine, November 1959.

Compton, Karl T. “If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used.” Atlantic Monthly, December 1946.

“Fifteen Years Later—The Men Who Bombed Hiroshima.” Coronet, vol. 48, no. 4, August 1960.

Frisch, David H. “Scientists and the Decision to Bomb Japan.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 26, June 1970.

Groves, Leslie R. “Some Recollections of July 16, 1945.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 26, 1970.

Hersey, John. “Hiroshima.” The New Yorker, August 31, 1946.

Kosakai, Yoshiteru (compiler). A-Bomb: A City Tells Its Story. Hiroshima Peace Culture Center, 1972.

Laurence, William L. “The Story of the Atomic Bomb.” The New York Times, 1946.

Leighton, Alexander H. “That Day at Hiroshima.” Atlantic Monthly, October 1946.

Lewis, Robert A. “How We Dropped the Bomb.” Popular Science, vol. 171, no. 2, August 1957.

Penney, William; Samuels, D. E. J.; and Scorgie, G. C. “The Nuclear Yields at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, vol. 266, no. 1177, June 11, 1970.

“Memories of Hiroshima.” People, vol. 4, no. 6, August 11, 1975.

Ransom, Jay Ellis. “Wendover, Home of the Atom Bomb.” Code 41, November 1973.

Schwartz, Robert L. “Atomic Bomb Away.” Yank, September 7, 1945; “The Week the War Ended.” Life, July 17, 1950.

Siemes, P. T. “The Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima.” Irish Monthly, March–April 1946.

Small, Collie. “The Biggest Blast.” Collier’s, August 13, 1949.

Smith, Alice Kimball. “Los Alamos: Focus of an Age.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 26, June 1970.

Steiner, Arthur. “Baptism of the Atomic Scientists.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 31, no. 2, February 1945.

Stimson, Henry L. “The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb.” Harper’s Magazine, vol. 194, no. 1161, February 1947.

Tibbets, Paul W. “Ten P.M. August 5—and After.” Survey Graphic, vol. 35, January 1946; “How to Drop an Atom Bomb.” Saturday Evening Post, June 8, 1946 (with Wesley Price); “Training the 509th for Hiroshima.” Air Force Magazine, August 1973.

“The Unmentioned Victims.” Time, August 9, 1971.

“Time Out. Prayer or Curse?” (Downey’s prayer.) Luther League of America, Philadelphia, vol. 1, no. 4, April 1961.

“Was A-Bomb on Japan a Mistake?” U.S. News & World Report, vol. 49, August 15, 1960.

The following were most useful:

Asahi Shimbun, Chicago Tribune, Chugoku Shimbun, Los Angeles Times, Mainichi Shimbun, The New York Times, San Francisco Chronicle, The Times of London, Washington Post, Japan Times and Advertiser, and the July and August 1945 editions of the Daily Mission, published by the 313th Bombardment Wing Information Office, Tinian, Marianas.

Tsunesaburo Asada

Jacob Beser

George Caron

Shin Endo

Russell Gackenbach

Leslie Groves

Kanai Hiroto

Kumao Imoto

Robert Lewis

Kazumasa Maruyama

Masaru Matsuoka

Richard Nelson

Kakuzo Oya

Charles Perry

Abe Spitzer

Henry L. Stimson

Paul Tibbets

Harry S. Truman

Theodore van Kirk

Tatsuo Yokoyama

Official interviews conducted by A. B. Christman, NOTS, China Lake:

Vice Admiral F. L. Ashworth, April 1969.

Dr. A. Francis Birch, February 1971.

Mrs. Robert Burroughs (formerly Mrs. W. S. Parsons), April 1966.

Lieutenant General Leslie R. Groves, May 1967.

Vice Admiral John T. Hayward, May 1966.

Others:

Brigadier General Paul W. Tibbets, December 1960 (Kenneth Leish); September 1966 (Arthur Marmor).

General Nathan F. Twining, November 1965 (Arthur Marmor).

And television documentaries:

“The Building of the Bomb.” BBC-TV, March 1975.

“Hot to Handle.” BBC-TV, September 1966.

Eric Sevareid in “Conversation with John J. McCloy.” CBS News Special in two parts, July 1975.

“The Day the Sun Blew Up.” BBC-TV, October 1976.