INDEX
Abundia (Habonde), supernatural queen, 214,237
Accusatory procedure, 22-3,24,160-3
Adeline, Guillaume, alleged witch, 230,232,238
Adhémar de Chabannes, chronicler, 21
Aelsie, in maleficium case, 153-4
Æthelstan, Anglo-Saxon king, 150
Agape, early Christian feast, 10,11,17
Agobard, bishop of Lyons, 152
Alciati, Andrea, lawyer, 143
Alain de Lille, theologian, 22
Alexander III, pope, 78
Animal-god, worship of, as accusation, xi; against early Christians, 2; against Jews, 5–6 See also Devil-worship; Demons: in animal form
Angelo of Poli, member of Fraticelli, 46-7
Antiochus Epiphanes, Seleucid monarch, 5, 7–8
Antonio of Sacco, member of Fraticelli, 47-8
Apollodorus of Cassandreia, tyrant, 6–7
Apostasy, temptation to, 97, 261-2; witch as symbol of, 102,252; invocation as, in Aquinas, 176; in Kyteler case, 199; in Simmerthal case, 205; in early witch-trials, 226; See also Sacrilege
Arnald of Vilianova, on ritual magic,165
Athenagoras, Christian apologist, 3
Attalus, Christian martyr, 4
Aubryot, Hugues, provost of Paris, 196
Augustine, St, on Montanists, 16; on Manichees, 17; on fallen angels, 66; on magic, 156,159,175,176,193; on incubi and succubi, 175, 234; not concerned with night-witches, 210; or with flying women, 211 n.
Augustus, emperor, 13
Bacchanalia, 11–12
Bacon, Roger, 167
Bader, Guido, 254
Baile, Jean, archbishop of Embrun, 39,42
Bardin, Guillaume, chronicler, 127-8,139,164
barilotto, 46-8, 52-3; defined, 50, 52
Barre, Margot de la, sorceress, 196
Barthe, Angela de la, fictitious witch, 127-8
Bartolo of Sassoferrato, lawyer, 138, 139,140-1,143,144; consilium falsely ascribed to, 139-40; other spurious consilia, 141-3
Basil the Great, St, 233
Beaufort, Payen, notable of Arras, 232
Bègue, Thomas, alleged witch, 227
Beiliss, Mendel, 259 n.
Belial, Beliar, demon, 62,168,173, 185
Benandanti, 223-4
Benedict XI, pope, 181
Benedict XII, pope (Jacques Fournier), 39,194 n., 195,202
Beniols, Hugues de, inquisitor, 127
Berardus of Soriano, monk, 184-5
Bernard of Bergamo, “priest” of Fraticelli, 45,46, 51
Bernardin of Siena, St, 49–50, 51, 53 n.
Bezok, Margaret, witch, 250-1
Biblis, Christian martyr, 4
Biondo, Flavio, Humanist, 52-3 and n.
Blanche of Artois, queen of Navarre, 185,186
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 214 n.
Bodin, Jean, 253
Bogomiles, Dualist sect, accusations against, 18–19 and 57
Boniface VIII, pope (Benedict Caetani), 180-5, 195, 199, 200, 202, 226, 232
Book of Enoch (I Enoch), 62,65
Book of Jubilees, 62
Books of Adam and Eve, 65
Borborians, Gnostic sect, 9-10 n.
Bothwell, Earl of; See Stewart, Francis
Bouges, T., historian of Carcassonne, 127.
Brethren of Free Spirit, heretical mystics, 54-5
Brigue, Jehanne de, sorceress, 197
Brunier, Jeannette, alleged witch, 227
Burchard, bishop of Worms, 151-2, 209-10, 211,213,218
Bureau, Laurent, bishop of Sisteron, 41-2
Burr, George Lincoln, 109,174,176
Caesarius, monk of Heisterbach, on demons, 69–71; on ritual magic, 165; on incubi, 236
Cannibalism, accusations of, against early Christians, 2–3,4; against Cataline conspirators, 6; against Egyptian insurgents, 6; against Apollodorus of Cassandreia, 6–7; against Jews, 7; See also Cannibalistic Infanticide; Flying Witches
Cannibalistic infanticide, accusations of, xi-xii; against early Christians, 1–4, 8–9; against Montanists, 16; against Paulicians, 18,49; against Bogomiles, 18–19; against sect at Orléans, 20; against heretics at Soissons, 49; against Fraticelli, 46-7, 52-3; against witches, 100, 112, 204-5, 219, 226; in Africa, 220-1; against both Waldensians and witches, 228; in great witch-hunt, 252; preserved in literary tradition, 53 and n., 86 n.; not mentioned by inquisitors, 54; in myth and folk-tales, 259-60; psychoanalytic interpretation, 260; and Eucharist, 8–9,16,18,46, 49, 106; See also barilotto; Flying witches
Canon Episcopi, 211, 213,215, 217, 218,238
Carpocratians, Gnostic sect, 9 and 9-10 n., 55
Cassendi, Géraud, notary, 196
Cataline conspiracy, 6
Cathars, Dualist sect, 22, 55, 57-8, 126,128-30,138; doctrine of, 58; alleged link with witches, 116,12830, 138; accusations against, 22, 55, 58; false etymology, 22
Catherine of Palumbaria, member of Fraticelli, 47, 48
Cattaneo, Alberto, inquisitor, 39–42, 229,259
Cecco d’Ascoli, astrologer, 166-73
Charles the Bald, emperor, 159
Chamay, Geoffroi de, Templar, 97
Chilperic, King of Franks, 149
Chlodovic, Frankish prince, 148
Christianity, incompatible with Roman religion and ideals, 12–14; achieves recognition, 14–15; confidence of early, 64-5, 67-8; misgivings of late medieval, 73-4; unconscious resentment against, 97,262 See also Apostasy
Christians, second-century, accusations against, 1–4,9-12; persecuted at Lyons, 3–4,259
Clement of Alexandria, 9
Clement V, pope, and Temple, 82, 84, 89,92-6; and Boniface VIII, 181-5, and Guichard, 187,188 See also Temple, the
Colonna, Peter, 182
Colonna, Sciarra, 181
Colonna, Sueva, 45
Conrad of Marburg, inquisitor, 2431,32, 33,36, 54, 56, 74,83,90, 122, 228,259
Constantius of Foligno, chamberlain, 184
Conti, Stefano de, Count, 45
Covens, witches’, See Witches’ covens
Crawford, J. R., 220-2
Cyprian, St, 66
Dalok, Elena, witch, 153
Daumer, Georg Friedrich, 14–15 n.
David of Augsburg, preacher, on Waldensians, 33
Deghi, Onofrio (Noffo Dei), intriguer, 186,190,192
Delort, Catherine, fictitious witch, 129-30,132,137-8
Delort, Joseph, 138
Del Rio, Martin, demonologist, 253
Demons, pre-Yahwistic, 61; in Jewish Apocrypha, 31; in New Testament, 64; pagan gods as, 66,155; as fallen angels, 62, 66-7; in patristic writings, 65-7; in Cacsarius of Heisterbach, 69–71; in Richalmus of Schönthal, 71-3; powers and stratagems of, 61–73; growing obsession with, 74,97-8; and magic, 155-8; in ritual magic, 164-73; Aquinas on, 174-6; and Boniface VIII, 182-5; and Guichard, 186,187,190-1; in Kyteler case, 199,201-2,203-4; in Simmerthal case, 204; and “ladies of the night”, 214,215,217-18; as deceivers, 214,219; in earliest witch-trials, 226,229; change from servants to masters, 229, 232,2323; in human form, 68,70,99-100, 190,199, 226; in animal form, 21, 22, 30,70, 87,101,199, 226,227, 232; in idol, 87-8,184-5,193; as incubi, 174,190,199, 203, 218, 227, 252, 233; psychoanalytical interpretation,73-4, 260; See also Devil, the; Pact; witches’ Sabbat
Device family, in witch trial, 111
Devil, the, in Old Testament, 61; in Jewish Apocrypha, 62-3; acquires servants, 62-3; in New Testament, 63; in Christian Apocrypha, 65; and paganism, 67; growing obsession with, 74,97-8; and individual witch, 99-100; at witches’ sabbat, 101-2, 226; physical appearance of, 69, 99-100, 101,189; See also Demons, Devil-worship, Pact, Witches’ sabbat
Devil-worship, demon-worship, accusations of, xii, 18; against Paulicians, 18; against Orléans sect, 21; against French heretics, 21; against Cathars, 22; against German Waldensians, 30, 32-7; against Italian Waldensians, 37-8; against Templars, 87-9; against witches, 101; against Boniface VIII, 185; against Simmerthal group, 204; not substantiated, 56-9; not mentioned in inquisitors’ manuals, 59; origins of the fantasy, 74; absent in ritual magic, 169-70,173,193; in early witch-trials, 227, 238; in great witch-hunt, 252; psychoanalytical interpretation, 260; See also Vox in Rama, Witches’ sabbat
Diana, cult of, 212-19,223,226
“Dianic cult’’, Murray’s, 108-9; See also Diana, cult of
Dichtlin and Anna, accused of maleficia, 239-41
Dio Cassius, Roman historian, 6
Dionysius Exiguus, monk, 156
Diplovataccio, Thomas, editor of Bartolo, 141
Döllinger, Johann Joseph Ignaz, 139
Dorothea, accused of maleficia, 242
Dualist religion, 57,129,138 See also Cathars
Dubois, Pierre, publicist, 81-2,94
du Boys, Jacques, Dominican, 231-2
Dupuy, Barthelemi, judge, 128
Edward I, king of England, 161
Elders of Zion, the, 124
Eliot, Thomas Steams, 107
Epiphanius, Greek theologian, 5, 9-10 n., 16
Eucharist, in early Church, 8; interpreted as cannibalism, 9; cannibalistic, ascribed to heretics, 16,18,46,49; parodied, at witches’ sabbat, 102, 105
Eusebius, 3
Eutychius, patriarch, 233
Ewen, Cecil l’Estrange, 109
Eymeric, Nicolas, inquisitor, on Waldensians, 37; silent about Devil-worship, 59; alleged writer on witchcraft, 174; concerned only with ritual magic, 177-8
Eyrbyggia, 149
Fay, Jean de, Dominican and magician, 188-9
Festu, Simon, bishop of Meaux, 1867,190
Festus, grammarian, 207
Finke, Heinrich, 86
Floyran, Esquiu de, informer, 83-4, 187
Flying witches, notion of, 101, 111, 113-15,205,206-10,219-24;as part of stereotype, 101,205; and Roman striges, 206-8; in Burchard, 209; in German folk-belief, 209; not originally associated with demons, 218; influenced by “ladies of the night”, 218; alleged influence of drugs, 219-20; anthropological findings about, 220-1; based on dream or trance experiences, 209,210,220-1; not peculiar to mountainous regions, 225; in early Swiss trials, 225-6; in early French trials, 227, 229,23 8; effect on witch-hunting, 223,228-9, 237-8; ignored by Murray, 111, 113-15;See also “ladies of the night”
Francis of Girondino, Waldensian, See Martin
Francis of Maiolati, member of Fraticelli, 46,48,49, 53
Franciscan Order, 42-4 See also Fraticelli; Observants
Fraticelli, origins and doctrine of, 42-4; why called “de opinione”, 43-4; tried at Rome, 44-5; pursued in March of Ancona, 51; accusations against, xii, 46-7, 51-4, 124,259
Frazer, Sir James, 107,109,117
Fredegond, Frankish queen, 148-9, 154
Frederick I, emperor, 23
Frederick II, emperor, 23, 24, 39,165
Frederick of Austria, Duke, 34
Frend, William H. C., 4
Fronto, M. Cornelius, senator, 3
Fründ, Hans, chronicler, 226
Galosna, Antonio, Waldensian, 37-8
Georgel, Anne-Marie de, fictitious witch, 129-30,132,137-8
Georgel, Jean-François, abbe, 137
Gerard I, bishop of Cambrai, 22
Gerard II, bishop of Cambrai, 22
Géraud, Hugues, bishop of Cahors, 192
Gerberga, alleged sorceress, 150,154
Germanus, St, 215
Gervase of Tilbury, writer, 210
Gnostics, accusations against, 9
Görres, Johann Joseph von, 139
Goetia (part of Lemegeton), 167,169
Gowdie, Isobel, alleged witch, 113-14
Gratian, 212
Gregory, St, the Great, pope, 68
Gregory VII, pope, 154
Gregory IX, pope, legislator against heresy, 23, 24, 39; and Conrad of Marburg, 28-9, 32, 33, 34, 54, 56; issues Vox in Rama, 29–31
Gregory XI, pope, 196
Gregory of Tours, St, 148, 212
Guichard, bishop of Troyes, 185-92, 193,202, 203,226, 232
Guibert de Nogent, chronicler, on cannibalistic infanticide, 49, 53 n.; on incubi, 235
Guidonis, Bernard, inquisitor, 59,130,131,137; silent on Devil-worship, 59; and on witchcraft, 131
Guidonis, Pierre, inquisitor, 130,137
Guillaume d’Auvergne, bishop of Paris, accuses Cathars, 22; on books of magic, 166; on “ladies of the night”, 213-14, 217; on incubi, 237
Guthrie, Helen, alleged witch,111-12
Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von, 87-8 n.
Hansen, Joseph, 126,127,128-9, 134, 139, 225
Harold, king of Denmark, 154
Henry VII, emperor, 26
Henry III, king of Navarre, 185
Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, 151, 235
Hengest, bailli of Sens, 188,189 Henry of Sayn, Count, 27, 29
Henry of Schönberg, canon of Prague, 34, 54
Henry of Solms, Count, 29
Heribert, archbishop of Milan, 22
Herodias, wife of Herod the Tetrarch, 212-13,214,218-19, 223,228
Holda, supernatural queen, 213,223
Hopkin, Charles Edward, 174
Horace, 207 n.
“Homed god”; See “Dianic cult”
Hospital of St John, Order of, 75, 76, 79–80, 81, 82,96
Hrabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz, 193
Hugh of St Victor, mystic, 68
Hughes, Pennethome, 108
Imbert, Guillaume, inquisitor, 90
Incest, 12; Michelet on, 106; attractions of, 262 See also Orgies
Incubus, See Demons, as incubi
Innocent III, pope, 23
Inquisition, origins of, 24; not responsible for first witch-hunts, xii, 126-8,225-6; and inquisitorial procedure, 24; subordinate role in prosecuting Templars, 90; minor role against ritual magic, 128,176-7,179,1812; acts against “society of Diana”, 217; not involved in Kyteler or Simmerthal cases, 205; varible role in early witch-trials, 225-7,229-32 See also Conrad of Marburg; Cattaneo, Alberto; John of Capestrano; Eymeric, Nicolas
Inquisitorial procedure, nature and origins, 23; and religious dissent, 23; against clerics, 23; and Inquisition, 24; abused against Templars, 90-3,94,95; used against magicians, 179-80; in Kyteler and Simmerthal cases, 205; in earliest true witch-trials, 225-6, 229,230, 231-2
Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons, 67
Isidore of Seville, encyclopaedist, 193.234
Ivo of Chartres, canonist, 193,212
Jacquier, Nicolaus, inquisitor, 238
James of March, St, 51
James II, king of Aragon, 81, 84
Jarcke, Karl Ernst, 103,125,139
Jean, bishop of Beirut, 231
Jean de Calais, embezzler, 186,187
Jean de Meun, 214
Jerome, St, 66
Jesus, sayings ascribed to, 8,9, 32 See also Voluntary poverty
Jews, accusations against, xiii, 5–6, 7–8; expelled from France, 82
Joachim of Fiore, abbot, 43
Joan, queen of France, 185-7,188,189,191
Joannes Scotus Erigena, 68
John XXII, pope, and Austrian Waldensians, 34, 54; and French Waldensians, 39; and poverty of Christ, 43, 44; and magic, 131,174,176,177,192-5
John IV, St, of Ojun, 18 and n.,49, 53 n.,57
John of Capestrano, St, 50-2, 257
John of Salisbury, 218-19
John of Winterthur, chronicler, 34-5, 36
Judith, queen of France, 150
Kilian, St, martyr, 212
Kyteler, Lady Alice, of Kilkenny, 198-204, 226, 227, 232
“Ladies of the night”, 210-19 See also Benandanti
La Faille, G., historian of Toulouse, 137
Lamothe-Langon, Baron de (Etienne Léon de Lamothe), 132-8,141,164; invents first witch-hunt, 132-6, 138-41; career of, 136-8; professional fabricator, 138
Lancre, Pierre de, on witches, 137
Langton, Walter de, bishop of Coventry, 180 n.
Larner, Christina, 255 n.
Laxdaela, 149
Ledrede, Richard de, bishop of Ossory, 198, 200-2, 203, 209
Le Franc, Martin, poet, 237
Lemegeton (Lesser Key of Solomon), 166-9,170-1,173
Lerner, Robert E., 36 n.
Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel, 107
Lex Ribuaria, 149
Lex Salica; See Pactus legis Salicae
Liber sacer (Sworn book of Honorius), 178
Limborch, Philipp van, historian of Inquisition, 136
Livy,10–11
Llorente, Giovanni Antonio, historian of lnquisition, 134
Lombardi, Guillen, canon lawyer, 195
Lorin, chamberlain of Guichard, 188-9,190
Lothair, king of Lorraine, 150,151
Louis I (the Pious), emperor, 150, 158
Louis XII, king of France, 41
Luciferan doctrine, alleged, 30, 34-5, 36,38,56-7
Lucius III, pope, 23
Lull, Ramon, mystic, 81
Macfarlane, Alan, xiii, 160, 246-7, 248
Magic, condenmed as demonworship, 155-9 See also maleficium; magic, ritual
Magic, ritual or ceremonial, xiii, 164-73; books of, 167-9; aims of, 169, 178-9; techniques of, 169-70; not Satanic, 169-70,178-9; demons in, 164-73 5 Aquinas on, 174-5; John XXII on, 176,192-3; Eymeric on, 177; as heresy, 177; attributed to Boniface VIII, 182-51; attributed to Guichard, 188; clerics involved in, 195; trials for, in France, 195-7; in Kyteler case, 199-204; in Simmerthal case, 204; in early Swiss trials, 226
Maleficium, maleficia, 99-100,101-2, 104,117,145-64.170,173.175, 179,192,195-6,198–200, 204-5, 226,229, 237,238. Before 1300: at court, 147-8,150-1; murderous, 147-8,154,187-8,197,198-9, 205; affecting sex-life, 150-2,196-7; affecting animals and crops, 152-3, 205; penalties and reprisals for, 148-50,154-5,158-60; Church’s attitude to, 155-60; and accusatory procedure, 160-3. After 1300: new notions of, 164,170,173,179, 204-5; attributed to Guichard, 187-8; to enemies of John XXII, 192; in Kyteler case, 198–200; in Simmerthal case, 204; in early Swiss trials, 226; in early French trials, 229; not always a feature, 237,238,252; at village level, 23951; in Canton Lucerne, 239-43; in Devonshire, 243-6; social significance of, 246-8; women as makers of, 248-9; midwives as makers of, 249; folk-medicine and, 249-50; and “white witches”, 250-1
Malleus Maleficarum, 163, 225,251
Manichecs, accusations against, 17
Marcellus, bishop of Apamea, 68
Margueronne de Bellevillette, fortune-teller, 189
Marigny, Enguerrand de, 186,190
Marion la Droituriere, burned in Paris, 196
Martianus Capella, encyclopaedist, 208-9
Martello, Leo, 108
Mathers, S. L. M., 170
Martin V, pope, 50
Martin, Waldensian “barbe”, 40-1
Marx, Karl, on Daumer, 14–15 n.
Merlin, 235
Messalians, sect, 18 n.
Midelfort, H. C. Erik, 254
Minucius Felix, Christian apologist, 1,2,3,5,6,9,11
Molay, Jacques de, grand master of the Temple, 82, 84,91,92,97
Molinier, Auguste, 127
Montanism, 16 Muhlava’s confession, 221-2
Mummulus, mayor of palace, 148
Murray, Margaret, 107-15,117,119-20,121,123,125,223,232; influence of, 107-8,120; theory about witchcraft, 108-9; use of sources, 110-15
Nicholas of Massaro, Fraticelli “bishop”, 46-7,47-8, 53
Nider, Johannes, Dominican, 204 219,220, 237
Night-witches, See Flying witches
Nogaret, Guillaume de, and Templars, 84,92; and Boniface VIII, 180-5; and Guichard, 185, 190
Notker, Labeo, translator, 208-9
Oberhauserin, the, accused of maleficia, 242
Observants, Franciscans, 49–51
Orgies, promiscuous and incestuous, accusations of, xi; against early Christians, 1–4,11; against Gnostics, 10; against Paulicians, 18; against Bogomiles, 18–19; against Orléans sect, 20; against French heretics, 21; against German Waldensians, 30; against Austrian Waldensians, 34; against Waldensians in general, 37; against Italian Waldensians, 37-8; against French Waldensians, 38-9; against Fraticelli, 47, 51-2; against witches, 102; preserved in literary tradition, 55-6; not substantiated, 54-6; accepted by some modern historians, 117-22; and Agape, 10; psychoanalytical interpretation, 262; See also Bacchanalia; Witches’ sabbat
Origen, 65
Orléans, sect at, 19–20, 57,122
Outlaw, Roger, lord chancellor of Ireland, 200,201
Outlaw (Utlagh), William, the elder, 198
Outlaw, William, son of Alice Kyteler, 198,200-1
Pact, with Devil or demon, in witch-stereotype, 99-100; in Aquinas, 176; in early witch-trials, 229-30; in legends, 232-3 See also Temple, the
Pactus legis Salicae, 149, 209-10, 218
Pairaud, Hugues de, treasurer of Paris Temple, 77,91,92
Parrinder, Geoffrey, 108
Passavanti, Jacopo, Dominican, 215, 217
Paul, St, and Eucharist, 8; on demons, 64
Paul, monk of Chartres, 20-1
Paulicians, accusations against, 18,49; not Dualists, 57
Payens, Hugues de, founder of Templars, 75
Percin J.J., 137
Peter of Greyerz (Gruyères), judge, 204-5,229
Petronilla of Meath, in Kyteler case, 200,203
Petronius, 206-7
Phibionites, Gnostic sect, 9-10 n. Philastrius, bishop ofBrescia, 16
Philip the Fair, king of France, and Templars, xii, 77, 80-3, 89–90, 92-7; and Boniface VIII, 180-5; and Guichard, 185,187,192
Pietro de Jacopo, Waldensian, 41
Piotto, Giovanni Battista (de’ Ploti), 143-5
Pius IX, pope, 139
Pliny the Elder, 206
Plotis, Joannes de, fictitious bishop, 140
Plotis, de, family, fictitious members of, 140,141
Plouvier, François, inquisitor, 42
Plutarch,6
Poer, Sir Arnold, seneschal of Kilkenny, 200,201
Poer, Sir John, husband of Alice Kyteler, 198,200
Polyaenus, Greek writer, 6
Poor of Lyons, 32; And see Waldensians
Psellos, Michael Constantine, 18,19, 57
Pseudo-Dionysius, 68
Rabelais, François, 144
Rategno, Bernardo (Bernard of Como), inquisitor, 145
Ratherius, bishop of Verona, 69,212
Raynouard, F. J. M., 86
Recordi, Pierre, accused of magic, 194-5
Regino, abbot of Prüm, 210,211
Reynaud de Langres, informer, 187
Richalmus, abbot of Schönthal, 67, 71-3,169
Richard of St Victor, mystic, 68
Ridgeway, Sir Thomas, justice of the peace, 243,245
Robbins, Russell Hope, 109
Robert le Bougre, inquisitor, 228
Robert of Bristol, in Kyteler case, 198
Roman religion, 12–14
Rothar, king of Lombards, 208
Rudolf Ardent, monk, 58
Runciman, Sir Steven, 108
Runeberg, Arno, 110, 115-17,120, 123,125,152
Sacrilege, accusations of, xii; against Templars, 86,91,92; against witches, 102,227
Saisset, Bernard, bishop of Pamicrs, 180
Sallust, 6
Santi, Louis de, 135
Satan, see Devil, the
Satanism, see Devil-worship
Scot, Michael, astrologer, 166,173
Scot, Reginald, writer on magic and witchcraft, 167,169,171
Sepúlveda, Juan Ginez de, biographer, 53 and n.
Sermet, Antoine-Pascal-Hyacinthe (“le Père Sermet”), 135-6
Setto, Antonio di, inquisitor, 37-8
Shepherd of Hermas, The, 67
Siegfried III, archbishop of Mainz, 27-8,29–30,32
Sierra Leone, “leopard men” of, 7
Simmerthal case, 204-5
Sodomy, Templars accused of, 85, 87, 89
Soldan, Wilhelm Gottlieb, 126,129, 139
Solomon, King, 167,173 See also Lemegeton
Spee, Friedrich von, Jesuit, 253
Spina, Bartolommeo, on witch’s salve, 220
Spirituals, Franciscan, 43
Stalin,Josef Vassarionovich, 86
Stedelen, accused at Simmerthal, 204
Stedinger, peasants, 29 n.
Stewart, Francis, Earl of Bothwell, 119-20,121
strix, striges, See Flying witches
Stürmlin, accused of maleficia, 243
Styles, Elizabeth, alleged witch, 111
Suetonius, 14
Sulpicius Severus, biographer, 67
“synagogue” (orgiastic assembly), 41, 100,230; See also Witches’ sabbat
Talion, 161-2
Tartarotti-Serbati, Girolamo, folklorist, 103
Tatian, Christian apologist, 2
Temple, the (Order of the Knights Templars), founded, 75-6; role of, in the East, 76; wealth of, 76; as bankers, 76-7; autonomy of, 78; unpopularity of, 79; ejected from Palestine, 80; antagonizes Philip the Fair, 82; attacked by Philip, 83, 84-5; accusations against, xii, 85-6,92, 187,259; innocence of, 86-8; torture used against, 90-1,93,94; confessions obtained from, 91; propaganda against, 91-3,187; attitude of Clement V to, 93-4, 187; papal commissions on, 95-6; innocence of, affirmed by members, 95-6,97; suppression of, 95-6,181
Tertullian, 2, 3, 8–9,14,41,67
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, 62
Theodoret, ecclesiastical historian, 68
Theophilus, legend of, 233
Thomas Aquinas, St, on angels and demons, 68; not concerned with witches, 174; on incubi and succubi, 175, 237; on ritual magic, 175-6,177
Torso, Conrad, unofficial inquisitor, 25-8,29
Torture, meaning of, 254-5; See also Inquisitorial procedure
Tostato, Alfonso, on witch’s salve, 220
Trachtenberg, Joshua, xiii
Trent, Council of, 8
Trevisard family, accused of maleficia, 243-6, 247
Trithemius (Tritheim), abbot of Spanheim, 167
Trotsky, Lev Davidovich, 124
Vaissete, Joseph, Dom, historian of Languedoc, 127
Valdès, Valdo, founder of Waldensians, 32
Vallin, Pierre, alleged witch, 229-30, 232
Vauderie, 229; of Arras, 230-1, 232
Vaudois, see Waldensians
Visconti, Matteo, GhibeIIine leader, 192
Voisins, Pierre de, seneschal of Toulouse, 128
Voluntary poverty, cult of, amongst Waldensians, 32-3; amongst Franciscans, 42-3; amongst Fraticelli, 43-4,45
Voragine, Jacobus dc, archbishop of Genoa, 215,217
Vox in Rama, papal bull, 29–30, 34, 57
Waldensians, origins and doctrine of, 32-4; organization and composition of, 32-4, 36; in German lands, 36-7; in Italian Alps, 37-8; in French Alps, 38–41; link with witch-hunt, 226, 228, 229; equated with witches, 229,230; accusations against, xii; in Rhineland and Thuringia, 32; in Austria, 34-5; in Brandenburg, 35-6; in Italian Alps, 37; in French Alps, 39,259
Waldrada, mistress of Lothair ot Lorraine, 151
War of the Sons oj Light and the Sons oj Darkness, The, 63
Weyer (Wier),Johannes, writer on magic and witchcraft, 167,169, 220,253
Witch, demonological stereotype of the, described, 99–102,147, 251-2; earliest formulations of, 226; completion of, 227-8, 232-3; as cither man, woman or child, 227, 228, 229; See also Flying witches; Witches’ sabbat
Witch, popular stereotype of the, 234-8; as maker of maleficia, 235; as generally a woman, 248-9, 250; as generally old or eccentric, 248; often as midwife, etc., 249; is archetypal, 250; See also Maleficium
Witch Hazel, “high priestess”, 108
Witchcraft and sorcery, distinguished, 145
Witch of Orta, fictitious, 138-45
Witches’ covens, notion of, in Margaret Murray, 108; in Rose, 119-20; modem covens, xii, 108; See also Murray, Margaret; Rose, Elliot
Witches’ sabbat, notion of the, xii, 100-2; as interpreted by Michelet, 105-7; by Margaret Murray, 108-15; by Runeberg, 116-17; by Rose, 118—20; by Summers, 120; by Russell, 121-3; earliest formulations, 226-7, 228-9; all importance of, 230, 238; origin of term, 101 See also Flying witches; Kyteler, Alice; Simmerthal case
Witch-hunt, the great, xii, 99,130, 138,146,155,160,163,164,173, 179,197, 203-5, 218,219,224, 225-55; fictitious beginning of, 125-46; true beginnings of, 225-55; preconditions for, summarized, 252-3. 257; geography of, 253; scale of, 253-4; motivations of, 254-5; dynamics of, 255; See also Delort, Catherine; Georgel, Anne-Marie; Witch of Orta
Witch-killings, private, 148-9
Witch society, xii, 199; modem belief in, 103; and pagan Germanic religion, 103-4; and social protest, 104-5; and fertility cult, 105-18, 123; and Cathars, 116; and cult of ecstasy, 118-19; and cult of evil, 121; and religious protest, 123; existence of, implausible, 123 See also Witches’ sabbat; Apostasy
Wollar, Ulrich, Waldensian, 34
Ziletti (Zileti), Giovanni Battista, printer, 141,143,144,145
Zoroaster, as magician, 165
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