Государственный строй Монгольской империи XIII в.

Summary

V. V. Trepavlov. The State Structure of the Mongolian Empire, 13th century. The monograph provides a possibly right answer to the following question: why the medieval Mongols, a small nomadic people at the eastern edge of the Eurasian steppes, were able to conquer in the 13th century an area spreading from Syria To Korea and create a powerful empire there? While subscribing to the opinions of a great number of Chinese, Moslem and other sources, the author makes prominent the following aspect. The Mongolian empire was built after the image of the early medieval nomadic qaghanates. The methods of ruling over the nomadic and settled population, as well as the ideological tenets to the purpose, were traditional and dated from the old nomadic times. The monograph considers the dialectics of state traditions changing with time and from one people to another; also considered is the concept of the supreme power, Ghenghis Khan's slogan of the Turkic-Mongol "unity" as the means of attracting new subjects to his empire; the traditional division of the empire into two parts as wings, and the relationships and hierarchy of their rulers. The study is accompanied by comparison of certain aspects of government with Mongols and their historical predecessors. (Hsiung-nu, Orkhon Turks, Uighurs, and others).