Into the Storm: On the Ground in Iraq

In addition to the hundreds of hours of interviews with General Franks, and dozens of other individuals who played important roles in the Vietnam and Persian Gulf Wars and in the development and rebuilding of the United States Army and its doctrine, we relied on a wide variety of books, articles, monographs, field reports, and newspaper accounts. In addition to those listed in the body of this bibliography, we would especially like to acknowledge interviews with Denise Franks and Marjorie Franks Bozek, along with Margie's book manuscript, A Soldier's Daughter, A Soldier's Wife (1992), and her essay "Walks in the Sunshine" (1996). We would also like to thank the large number of brave Army men and women who shared their memories with us, but whose names do not appear below.

Note that a number of the citations were helpful in more than one area, particularly those dealing with military history and doctrine.

MILITARY HISTORY, THEORY, AND DOCTRINE

Brickhill, Paul. Reach for the Sky. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1954.

Carver, Field Marshal Lord. The Apostles of Mobility: The Theory and Practice of Armoured Warfare. New York: Holmes and Meier Publishing, 1979.

Chander, David G. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1966.

Clausewitz, Carl Von. On War. Edited by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976.

Colby, John. War from the Ground Up: The 90th Division in World War II. Austin, Tex.: Nortex Press, 1991.

Connell, Evan S. Son of the Morning Star: Custer and the Little Big Horn. New York: Harper and Row, 1984.

Donnelly, Tom, and Sean Naylor. Clash of Titans: The Great Tank Battles. New York: Berkley Books, 1996.

Doughty, Robert A. The Seeds of Disaster: The Development of French Army Doctrine, 1919–1939. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1985.

Dupuy, Colonel R. Ernest. The Compact History of the United States Army. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1956.

Fehrenbach, T. R. This Kind of War: A Study in Unpreparedness. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1963.

Fuller, J. F. C. Generalship: Its Diseases and Their Cure. Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Services Publishing Company, 1936.

Griffith, Paddy. Battle Tactics of the Civil War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Guernsey, Alfred H., and Henry M. Alden. Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War. New York: The Fairfax Press, 1866.

Heinl, Colonel (Ret.) Robert Debs, Jr. Dictionary of Military and Naval Quotations. Annapolis, Md.: United States Naval Institute, 1966.

Heller, Charles E., and William A. Stofft, ed. America's First Battles, 1776–1965. Lawrence: The University Press of Kansas, 1986.

Henderson, George F. R. Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1968.

Ketchum, Richard M. The American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War. Narrative by Bruce Catton. New York: Doubleday and Company, 1960.

Ruppenthal, Roland G., ed. Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume I: May 1941-September 1944. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, 1953.

Shaara, Michael. The Killer Angels. New York: Ballantine Books, 1974.

Sherman, William T. Memoirs of William T. Sherman. New York: Appleton, 1875.

Slim, Field Marshal the Viscount William. Defeat into Victory. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1961.

Stackpole, General Edward J. Chancellorsville: Lee's Greatest Battle. 2d rev. ed. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1988.

Truscott, Lt. Gen. Lucien K., Jr. [1954] 1990. Command Missions. Reprint, Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1990.

Weigley, Russell F. History of the United States Army. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.

——. The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973.

Woodward, Admiral Sandy, and Patrick Robinson. One Hundred Days: The Memoirs of the Falklands Battle Group Commander. London: Harper-Collins Publishers, 1992.

Young, Desmond. Rommel: The Desert Fox. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1950.

U.S., Army Materiel Command. Theater Logistics and the Gulf War, by Major John J. McGrath and Michael D. Krause. Alexandria, Va.: U.S. Army Materiel Command, 1994.

U.S., Center for Military History. The U.S. Army's Transition to the All-Volunteer Force, 1968–1974, by Robert K. Griffith, Jr. Washington, D.C.: U.S., Center for Military History, 1996.

U.S., Combat Studies Institute. Selected Papers of General William E. DePuy. Compiled by Colonel Richard M. Swain. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1994.

——. Studies in Battle Command. Compiled by the Faculty, Combat Studies Institute. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1995.

U.S., Headquarters, Department of the Army. Field Manual (FM) 100-5: Operations. Washington, D.C., 1 July 1976.

——. Field Manual (FM) 100-5: Operations. Washington, D.C., 20 August 1982.

——. Field Manual (FM) 100-5: Operations. Washington, D.C., 5 May 1986.

U.S., Headquarters, Training and Doctrine Command. TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5: Force XXI Operations: A Concept for the Evolution of Full-Dimensional Operations for the Strategic Army of the Early Twenty-first Century. Fort Monroe, Va., 1 August 1994.

U.S., Military History Institute. Changing an Army: An Oral History of General William E. DePuy, by Lieutenant Colonel Romie L. Brownlee and Lieutenant Colonel William J. Mullen III. Carlisle Barracks, Pa.: U.S., Military History Institute, 1979.

U.S., Military History Office, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. American Army Doctrine for the Post-Cold War, by John L. Romjue. Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S., Military History Office, 1996.

U.S., Office of the Command Historian, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. The Origins and Development of the National Training Center, 1976–1984, by Anne W. Chapman. Fort Monroe, Va., 1992.

DePuy, General William E. "Concepts of Operation: The Heart of Command, The Tool of Doctrine." Army (August 1988): 26–40.

Franks, Frederick M., Jr. "Battle Command: A Commander's Perspective." Military Review (June 1996): 4-26.

Alexander, Keith. "1st Armored Division's Intelligence Picture of the Battlefield" [n.d.]. Personal notes.

Gorman, Paul F. "The Military Value of Training." Institute for Defense Analysis, Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, Alexandria, Va., December 1990.

——. "The Secret of Future Victories." Institute for Defense Analysis, Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, Alexandria, Va., February 1992.

THE VIETNAM WAR

Dunnigan, James F., and Raymond M. Macedonia. Getting It Right: American Military Reforms After Vietnam to the Gulf War and Beyond. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1993.

Nolan, Keith. Into Cambodia: Spring Campaign, Summer Offensive, 1970. Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1990.

Palmer, Bruce. The 25-Year War: America's Military Role in Vietnam. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1984.

Sorley, Lewis. Thunderbolt: General Creighton Abrams and the Army of His Times. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.

Sterba, James P. "Scraps of Paper from Vietnam." New York Times Magazine. 18 October 1970.

THE PERSIAN GULF WAR

Association of the United States Army. Personal Perspectives on the Gulf War. Arlington, Va.: The Institute of Land Warfare, 1993.

Atkinson, Rick. Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1993.

Bellamy, Christopher. Expert Witness: A Defence Correspondent's Gulf War, 1990–1991. London: Brassey's, 1993.

Benson, Nicholas. Rat's Tales: The Staffordshire Regiment at War in the Gulf. London: Brassey's, 1993.

Blackwell, James. Thunder on the Desert: The Strategy and Tactics of the Persian Gulf War. New York: Bantam Books, 1991.

Blair, Arthur H. At War in the Gulf: A Chronology. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1992.

Carhart, Tom. Iron Soldiers: How America's 1st Armored Division Crushed Iraq's Elite Republican Guard. New York: Pocket Books, 1994.

Gordon, Michael R., and Gen. (Ret.) Bernard E. Trainor. The Generals' War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf. Boston/New York: Little, Brown Co., 1995.

Kelly, Orr. King of the Killing Zone: The Story of the M1, America's Super Tank. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1989.

Powell, Colin L. My American Journey. New York: Random House, 1995.

Sack, John. Company C: The Real War in Iraq. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1995.

Scales, Brigadier General Robert H., and Desert Storm Study Project Group. Certain Victory: The U.S. Army in the Gulf War. Washington, D.C.: U.S., Office of the Chief of Staff, United States Army, 1993.

Schwarzkopf, Gen. (Ret.) H. Norman. It Doesn't Take a Hero: The Autobiography. New York: Bantam, 1992.

Scott, Harriet Fast, and William F. Scott. The Soviet Art of War: Doctrine, Strategy and Tactics. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1982.

Sullivan, Gordon R. The Collected Works of the Thirty-second Chief of Staff, United States Army, 1991–1995. Edited by Lt. Col. Jerry Bolzak. Washington, D.C.: U.S., Office of the Chief of Staff, United States Army, 1995.

Sullivan, Gordon, and Michael Harper. Hope Is Not a Method. New York: Random House, 1996.

Swain, Richard M. "Lucky War": Third Army in Desert Storm. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Press, 1994.

U.S. News and World Report. Triumph Without Victory: The Unreported History of the Persian Gulf War. New York: Random House, 1992.

United Kingdom, Headquarters Doctrine and Training. Operation Desert Sabre: The Planning Process and Tactics Employed by 1st Armoured Division in the Liberation of Kuwait 1990–1991. London, 1993.

U.S., Headquarters, Department of the Army. Field Manual (FM) 100-5: Operations. Washington, D.C., 14 June 1993.

U.S., Headquarters, Department of the Army (Public Affairs Staff). CIA Maps and Publications Released to the Public ("Operation Desert Storm: A Snapshot of the Battlefield" [NTIS PB-94-928102]). Washington, D.C., January 1995.

U.S., Headquarters, Training and Doctrine Command. TRADOC Pamphlet 525-100-1: Leadership and Command on the Battlefield, Just Cause and Desert Storm: Brigade, Division, and Corps. Fort Monroe, Va., 1992.

——. TRADOC Pamphlet 525-100-2: Leadership and Command on the Battlefield, Just Cause and Desert Storm: Battalion and Company. Fort Monroe, Va., 1993.

——. TRADOC Pamphlet 525-100-4: Leadership and Command on the Battlefield, Just Cause and Desert Storm: Noncommissioned Officer Corps. Fort Monroe, Va., 1994.

——. TRADOC Pamphlet 525-100-5: Leadership and Command on the Battlefield, Just Cause and Desert Storm: Family Support. Fort Monroe, Va., 1994.

U.S., Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, History and Museums Division. U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf War, 1990–1991: With the 1 Marine Expeditionary Force in Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Washington, D.C., 1993.

Brame, William L. "From Garrison to Desert Offensive in 97 Days." Army (February 1992): 28–35.

Cordingley, Brigadier P. A. J. "The Gulf War: Operating With Allies." RUSI Journal (April 1992): 17–21.

Donnelly, Michael. "War Diary." Army Times, 4 March 1991, 10–36.

Donnelly, Tom. "Courage and Leadership Mark Franks' Career." Army Times, 12 December 1994, 1–3.

Fontenot, Gregory. "Fright Night: Task Force 2/3 4 Armor." Military Review (January 1993): 38–52.

Hammerbeck, Brigadier Christopher. "A Desert's Tail." Tank, The Royal Tank Regiment Journal, 74, no. 720 (May 1992): 3-15.

Kindsvatter, Lt. Col. Peter S. "VII Corps in the Gulf War: Deployment and Preparation for Desert Storm." Military Review (January 1992): 3-16.

——. "VII Corps in the Gulf War: Ground Offensive." Military Review (February 1992): 16–37.

——. "VII Corps in the Gulf War: Post-Cease-Fire Operations." Military Review (June 1992): 2-19.

Maggart, Lon E. "A Leap of Faith." Armor (January-February 1992): 24–32.

Mathews, William. "We Will Set the Time." Army Times, 25 February 1991, 60-62

——. "Final Round." Army Times, 4 March 1991, 1–6.

Nilsen, David, and Greg Novak. "The 1991 Persian Gulf War: On the Brink of a New World Order." Command Post Quarterly (Winter 1994).

——. "The 1991 Persian Gulf War: On the Brink of a New World Order (Part 2)." Command Post Quarterly (Spring 1995).

——. "The 1991 Persian Gulf War: On the Brink of a New World Order (Part 3): Modern Equipment Ratings." Command Post Quarterly (Summer 1995).

Scicchitano, Paul. "Night Strikes: The Secret War of the 1st Cavalry Division." Army Times, 23 September 1991, 8.

Smith, Major General Rupert. "The Gulf War: The Land Battle." RUSI Journal (February 1992): 1–5.

Tice, Jim. "Coming Through: The Big Red Raid." Army Times, 26 August 1991, 12–21.

Vogel, Steve. "Stand Ready." Army Times, 25 February 1991, 59–63.

_________. "A Swift Kick: 2 ACR's Taming of the Guard." Army Times, 5 August 1991, 1.

——. "Metal Rain." Army Times, 16 September 1991, 10.

——. "Hell Night." Army Times, 7 October 1991, 5.

——. "Killer Brigade." Army Times, 11 November 1991, 11.

——. "Fast and Hard: The Big Red One's Race Through Iraq." Army Times, 25 March 1991, 6.

——. "The Tip of the Spear." Army Times, 13 January 1992, 8.

Berkheimer, Christopher. 21 December-20 March 1991. Personal journal.

Bourke, Stephen A. Desert Saber: The VII Corps in the Gulf War. Atlanta, Ga.: Historical Systems, LLC, 1994.

Boyd, Maj. Gen. Morris J. "Focusing Combat Power — The Role of the FA Brigade." 13 April 1991.

Commander, U.S. Army Central Command (COMUSARCENT). "Consolidated Operations Overlay for Operation Desert Storm." 26 January 1991.

——. "Contingency Plan 1A: Destruction of RGFC (Phase IIID); Positional defense in place template COA 6, 18 1300Z." February 1991.

——. "Contingency Plan: Destruction of RGFC (PHASE IIID); Positional defense in place template COA 6, 24 1900Z." February 1991.

Commander, VII Corps. "Situation Report (Combat) #38, Period 232100Z- 242100Z." February 1991.

——. "Situation Report (Combat) #39, Period 242100Z-252100Z." February 1991.

——. "Situation Report (Combat) #40, Period 252100Z-262100Z." February 1991.

——. "Situation Report (Combat) #41, Period 262100Z-272100Z." February 1991.

——. "Situation Report (Combat) #42, Period 272100Z-282100Z." February 1991.

——. "Situation Report (Combat) #43, Period 282100Z February- 012100Z." March 1991.

Command Report, 1st Cavalry Division (First Team). 10 April 1991.

Command Report, 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, "Operation Desert Storm 1990-91." 9 April 1991.

Command Report, 207th Military Intelligence Brigade (CEWI), Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. 10 April 1991.

Command Report, 2nd Corps Support Command "Operation Desert Storm Battle Chronology." 29 April 1991.

Command Report, 16th Corps Support Group. "Logistics Operations." n.d.

Command Report, 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized). "Division Support Command, Desert Shield/Storm Support Operations." Fort Riley, Kans., 15 January 1992.

1st Infantry Division (Forward). "Desert Shield/Desert Storm After Action Report. VII Corps Debarkation and Onward Movement." 30 May 1991.

Franks, Col. Frederick M. "11th Armored Cavalry Regiment Notes From Command." 1982–1984.

Franks, Lt. Gen. Frederick M. "Desert Battle Command Journals." 1990-91.

——. "VII Corps Command Intent." 10 January 1990.

——. "FY 91 VII Corps Command Training Guidance." 22 May 1990.

G-2, VII Corps Report. "The 100-Hour Ground War: How the Iraqi Plan Failed." 20 May 1994.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR1-006). "Executive Summary, VII Corps Desert Shield and Desert Storm After Action Report." 29 May 1991.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR1-007). "Historical Narrative, VII Corps Desert Shield and Desert Storm After Action Report." 29 May 1991.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR1-008). "Task Organization, VII Corps Desert Shield and Desert Storm After Action Report." 29 May 1991.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR1-010). "Major Lessons Learned, VII Corps Desert Shield and Desert Storm After Action Report." 29 May 1991.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR4-002). "1st Infantry Division Desert Campaign After Action Report." April 1991.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR4-030). "Executive Summary, 1st Armored Division's Participation in Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm." Report Submitted by Division Chief of Staff, 19 April 1991.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR4-139). "Executive Summary, 3d Armored Division's Participation in Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm." Report Submitted by Division G3, April 1991.

Gulf War Collection, Group VII Corps (SSG AAR4-636). "Executive Summary, G-Day to G + 8, 11th Aviation Brigade." 18 March 1991.

"Historical Summary, 125th Support Battalion, 1st Armored Division, Operation Desert Shield and Storm." 5 August 1991.

Hertling, Mark P. "1st Squadron 1st Cavalry Unit After Action Report for Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm and Operation Blackhawk Aid." 18 April 1991.

Houlighan, Thomas. Unpublished manuscript of Gulf War. 1996.

Kendall, John H. "The Closed Fist: VII Corps Operational Maneuver in Operation Desert Storm." Army War College Monograph, Carlisle Barracks Pennsylvania, 15 March 1994.

________. "Notes From 1 February 1991 Commanders' Huddle Meeting Held at King Khalid Military City." Drafted as a memorandum for record, 1 February 1991.

Klemencic, John, and John Thomson. "Fire Support for the Corps Covering Force: A Desert Storm Perspective." Photocopy, n.d.

Krause, Michael D. "The Battle of 73 Easting, 26 February 1991: A Historical Introduction to a Simulation." A Joint Center of Military History and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Project, 24 May 1991.

Martinez, Lieutenant Colonel (Ret.) Toby. "VII Corps Commander's Journal." 11 November 1990-12 May 1991.

Merritt, Daniel A. "The Iron Duke World Tour: A Personal Experience Monograph." Army War College Monograph, Carlisle Barracks Pennsylvania, 31 May 1994.

Michitsch, Maj. Gen. John F. "3d Armored Division Artillery Historical Summary, Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm." Photocopy, n.d.

Mulholland, Russell. "VII Corps in Operation Desert Storm." Personal journal, 8 November 1990-26 April 1991.

Raines, Sam. "A Commander's Perspective." Photocopy, n.d.

Reischl, Timothy J. "Crossing the Line in the Sand: 4th Battalion, 67th Armor in Southwest Asia." Army War College Monograph, Carlisle Barracks Pennsylvania, 5 April 1993.

Rosenberger, John D. "Personal Notes and Diary, 24–28 February 1991." Photocopy, n.d.

Stafford, Colonel Michael R. "Personal Notes, Thoughts and Recollections Concerning VII Corps Deployment and Actions During Operation Desert Storm and Desert Shield. 23 and 29 November 1994, 5 January 1995, 24 February 1995." Photocopy, n.d.

Thornton, Colonel Eugenia. "Letters Home, 1990-91."

Whitcomb, Roy S. "Personal Experience Monograph of Operation Desert Storm." Army War College Monograph, Carlisle Barracks Pennsylvania, 3 June 1992.

INTERVIEWS, CONVERSATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS

Arnold, Lieutenant General Steve. Personal interview. 7 July 1996.

Bozek, Margie. Personal interview. 6 May 1996.

Cavazos, General (Ret.) Richard. Personal interview. 13 September 1996.

Cosby, Colonel (Ret.) Neil. Personal interview. 23 September 1996.

Franks, Denise. Personal interview. 5 June 1996.

Franks, Lieutenant General Frederick M., Jr. "VII Corps Operation Desert Storm Overview." Presentation to the Secretary of Defense, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 9 February 1991.

——. "The 100-Hour War." Presentation to the Staff and Students at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 31 May 1991.

Goedkoop, Colonel Thomas F. Personal interview. 27 March 1992.

Gorman, General (Ret.) Paul F. Personal interview. n.d.

——. "Distributed Tactical Engagement Simulation." Presentation to the NATO Working Group. Brussels, Belgium, 17 November 1992.

——. "Perspectives: Future Training in the Army National Guard." Presentation to Training and Doctrine Command, 22 September 1992.

——. "Preparing the Army for Force XXI." Presentation before the Conference on Army 2010, 31 May 1995.

Gorman, General (Ret.) Paul F., and H. R. McMaster. "The Future of the Armed Services: Training for the 21st Century." Statement before the Senate Armed Services Committee, 21 May 1992.

Griffith, General Ronald. Personal interview. 24 May 1996.

House, Major General Randy. Personal interview. 18 June 1996.

Hughes, Arthur G. Personal interview. 25 April 1996.

Martinez, Lieutenant Colonel (Ret.) Toby. Personal interview. 18 May 1996.

Powell, General (Ret.) Colin. Personal interview. 15 July 1996.

Rhame, Lieutenant General Thomas. Personal interview. 6 June 1996.

Schlesinger, James. Personal interview. 30 November 1995.

VII Corps Desert Storm Veterans in a variety of conversations and recollections.

Starry, General (Ret.) Donn. Personal interview. 23 May 1996.

Sullivan, Major General (UK) T.J. Personal interview. 13 February 1996.

Tilelli, General John. Personal interview. 18 June 1996.

Vuono, General (Ret.) Carl E. Personal interview. 25 July 1996.