St. Petersburg : A Cultural History - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Solomon Volkov (CHAPTER 1) #14

CHAPTER 1

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1 A. S. Pushkin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii (Complete Collected Works), vol. 10 (Moscow, 1951), pp. 453-54.

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2 Ibid., p. 454.

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3 Ibid., p. 109.

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4 The history of the founding of Petersburg and the legends surrounding it are related, in particular, in P. N. Petrov, Istoriia Sankt-Peterburga s osnovaniia goroda do vvedeniia v deistvie vybornogo gorodskogo upravleniia po Uchrezhdeniiam o guberniiakh, 1703-1782 (The History of St. Peterburg from the Founding of the City to the Implementation of the Elected City Government According to Administrations of Provinces, 1703-1782) (St. Petersburg, 1885); P. N. Stolpyanskii, Kak voznik, osnovalsia i ros Sanktpiterburkh (How St. Petersburg Arose, Was Founded, and Grew) (Petrograd, 1918); M. I. Pyliaev, Staryi Peterburg (Old Petersburg), 2nd ed. (St. Petersburg, 1889); Ocherki istorii Leningrada (Sketches of the History of Leningrad), vol. 1 (Moscow and Leningrad, 1955); V. Mavrodin, Osnovanie Peterburga (The Founding of Petersburg) (Leningrad, 1983).

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5 The basic sources for the description of Peter the Great were V. O. Klyuchevsky, Sochineniia (Works), 9 vols., vol. 4 (Moscow, 1989); S. M. Solovyov, Chteniia i rasskazy po istorii Rossii (Readings and Stories in Russian History) (Moscow, 1990); K. Shmurlo, Petr Velikii v otsenke sovremennikov i potomstva (Peter the Great in the Evaluation of His Contemporaries and Descendants) (St. Petersburg, 1912); M. Ustryalov, Istoriia tsarstvovaniia Petra Velikogo (History of the Reign of Peter the Great) (St. Petersburg, 1859-1863); N. I. Pavlenko, Petr Velikii (Peter the Great) (Moscow, 1994); V. V. Mavrodin, Rozhdeniie novoi Rossii (Birth of the New Russia) (Leningrad, 1988); E. V. Anisimov, Vremia petrovskikh reform (The Time of Petrine Reforms) (Leningrad, 1989).

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6 Klyuchevsky, Sochineniia (Works), vol. 4, p. 196.

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7 Ibid., p. 115.

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8 M. I. Semevskii, Slovo i delo! 1700-1725 (Word and Deed! 1700-1725) (St. Petersburg, 1884), p. 88.

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9 Ibid., pp. 87-90.

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10 The description of Catherine the Great used, in particular, A. G. Brikner, Istoriia Ekateriny Vtoroi (History of Catherine the Second) (St. Petersburg, 1885); Zapiski imperatritsy Ekateriny Vtoroi (Notes of Empress Catherine the Second) (St. Petersburg, 1907); E. R. Dashkova, Zapiski (Notes) (Leningrad, 1985); E. V. Anisimov, Rossiia v seredine XVIII veka: Bor’ba za nasledie Petra (Russia in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century: The Struggle for Peter’s Inheritance) (Moscow, 1986); A. Kamenskii, “Pod seniiu Ekateriny …” (“Under Catherine’s Protection”) (St. Petersburg, 1992).

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11 Quoted in A. Kaganovich, “Mednyi Vsadnik”: Istoriia sozdaniia monumenta (The Bronze Horseman: The History of the Creation of a Monument) (Leningrad, 1975), p. 42.

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12 Ibid., p. 88.

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13 Ibid., p. 90.

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14 Ibid., p. 164.

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15 Anna Akhmatova, in conversation with the author, Komarovo, 1965.

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16 In the description of the personality and reign of Emperor Nicholas I, sources were N. K. Shil’der, Imperator Nikolai Pervyi: Ego zhizn’ i tsarstvovanie (Emperor Nicholas I: His Life and Reign), 2 vols. (St. Petersburg, 1903), as well as numerous notes and memoirs by contemporaries, particularly Marquis de Custine, Zapiski o Rossii (Notes on Russia) (Moscow, 1910); A. I. Herzen, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 30 vols., vol. 14 (Moscow, 1958); A. F. Tyutcheva, Pri dvore dvukh imperatorov: Vospominaniia i fragmenty dnevnikov freiliny dvora Nikolaiia I i Aleksandra II (At the Court of Two Emperors: Memoirs and Diary Fragments of a Lady-in-Waiting of the Court of Nicholas I and Alexander II) (Moscow, 1990).

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17 N. V. Gogol, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 7 vols., vol. 7 (Moscow, 1967), p. 62.

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18 Ibid., p. 207.

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19 Vladimir Nabokov, Nikolai Gogol (New York, 1961), p. 12.

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20 I. I. Panaev, Literaturnye vospominaniia (Literary Reminiscences) (Moscow, 1988), p. 281.

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21 Vladimir Nabokov, Lectures on Russian Literature (New York and London, 1981), p. 313.

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22 V. A. Sollogub, Povesti. Vospominaniia (Novellas. Reminiscences) (Leningrad, 1988), p. 667.

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23 Quoted in Kornei Chukovsky, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 6 vols., vol. 5 (Moscow, 1967), p. 14.

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24 Quoted in P. A. Zaionchkovskii, Pravitel’stvennyi apparat samoderzhavnoi Rossii v XIX v. (State Apparat of Sovereign Russia in the Nineteenth Century) (Moscow, 1978), pp. 181-82.

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25 Ibid., p. 186.

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26 Ocherki istorii Leningrada (Sketches of the History of Leningrad), vol. 2 (Moscow and Leningrad, 1957), pp. 170, 173.

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27 S. V. Belov, Roman F. M. Dostoevskogo “Prestuplenie i nakazanie”: Kommentarii (F. M. Dostoyevsky’s Novel Crime and Punishment: Commentaries) (Leningrad, 1979), p. 38.

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28 Ibid., p. 50.

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29 Richard Stites, The Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia: Feminism, Nihilism and Bolshevism, 1860-1930 (Princeton, 1978), pp. 60-61.

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30 See N. V. Yukhnyova, Etnicheskii sostav i etnosotsial’naia struktura naseleniia Peterburga: Statisticheskii analiz (Ethnic Composition and Ethnosocial Structure of the Population of Petersburg: Statistical Analysis) (Leningrad, 1984).

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31 A. Ya. Panaeva (Golovacheva), Vospominaniia (Reminiscences) (Moscow, 1986), p. 335.

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32 Quoted in F. M. Dostoevskii v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (F. M. Dostoyevsky in the Reminiscences of Contemporaries), vol. 1 (Moscow, 1964), p. 294.

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33 N. G. Chernyshevskii v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (N. G. Chernyshevsky in the Reminiscences of Contemporaries) (Moscow, 1982), p. 248.

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34 Quoted in Literaturnoe nasledstvo (Literary Heritage), vol. 86, F. M. Dostoevskii: Novye materialy i issledovaniia (F. M. Dostoyevsky: New Materials and Research) (Moscow, 1973), p. 26.