Terrible tsarinas

«130»

Elizabeth’s Triumph “infamous perpetrators.” Impressed by her clemency, some ventured to suggest that this exceptional restraint was due to the deeply feminine nature of Her Majesty and that a tsar, in her place, would have shown far greater rigor in expressing his wrath.

They even proposed that Russia would be better off in the future if it were always ruled by a woman. In their opinion the people, in their misery, were more in need of a mother than a father.

While everyone was celebrating the fact that these big political criminals had finally been brought down, and praising the tsarina for her heart of gold, Munnich was shipped off to end his days in Pelym, a Siberian village 3000 versts from St. Petersburg;

Loewenwolde died in Solikamsk, Ostermann in Berezov, in the Tobolsk region, and Golovkin - well, exactly where he was to be sent was not clearly indicated on the passenger waybill, so he was simply ditched in some Siberian village along the way. The members of the Brunswick family, with the ex-regent Anna Leopoldovna at their head, received better treatment because of their high birth; they were consigned to Riga, before being dispatched to Kholmogory, in the far north.

Having eliminated her adversaries, Elizabeth now had to hurry to replace those experienced men whose removal had left key positions vacant. Lestocq and Vorontsov were the chief recruiters. They invited Alexis Petrovich Bestuzhev to succeed Ostermann, and his brother, Mikhail Bestuzhev, replaced Loewenwolde as Master of the Royal Hunt. Among the military men, the most brilliant promotion was granted to Dolgoruky, newly returned from exile. Even subordinates (the most conscientious of them) did well during this period when reparations were being made for the injustices of the preceding reign. The new benefici«131»

Terrible Tsarinas aries of imperial largesse shared the spoils taken from those who had lost. Commenting on this waltz, Mardefeld wrote to Frederick II: “Count Loewenwolde’s clothing, underwear, hose and linens were distributed among the empress’s chamberlains, who were naked as a hand. Of the four most recently named gentlemen of the chamber, two had been lackeys and a third had served as stableman.”3 As for the leading protagonists, Elizabeth rewarded them far more than they could have hoped. Lestocq became a count, private counselor to Her Majesty, premier doctor to the court, and director of “the college of medicine” with a 7,000-ruble annual retainer for life. Mikhail Vorontsov, Alexander Shuvalov and Alexis Razumovsky awoke the next day (and a beautiful morning it was) as grand chamberlains and knights of St. Andrew. At the same time, the entire company of grenadiers of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, which had contributed to the tsarina’s success on November 25, 1741, was converted into a company of personal bodyguards for Her Majesty under the Germanic name of the LeibKompania. Every man and every officer of this elite unit was promoted one level; their uniforms were adorned with an escutcheon bearing the device “Fidelity and Zeal.” Some were even brought into the nobility, with hereditary titles, together with gifts of lands and up to 2,000 rubles. Alexis Razumovsky and Mikhail Vorontsov, who had no military knowledge whatsoever, were named Lieutenant Generals, with concomitant rewards of money and domains.

Despite all this repeated generosity, the leaders of the coup d’etat were always asking for more. Far from appeasing them, the tsarina’s prodigality turned their heads. They thought she “owed them everything” because they had “given their all.” Their worship for the matushka devolved into familiarity, even impertinence.

Within Elizabeth’s entourage, the men of the Leib-Kompania were