The Great Terror

INDEX

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Abakumov, V.S., 458

Abkhazia, trial in, 225

Abramovitch, Raphael, 21

Academics, 291–307

Actresses, 306

Adamovich, A., 487

Adler, Frederick, 466

“Administration of Special Tasks,” 408

Adzharia, trial in, 225

Agabekov, G. A., 409

Ageloff, Sylvia, 417–18

Agol, I. J., 295

Agranov, Ya. D., 34, 41, 44–46, 81, 84–85, 138–39, 141

Air Force, 208, 454–55

Aitmatov, Chingiz, 488

Akhmatova, Anna, 263, 294

Akmolinsk, 316

Akulov, A. I., 77n, 174

Alexander, A. V, 364

Alexeyev, P. A., 218

Alexeyevich, Ivan, 450–51

Alexeyevka camp, 337–38

Alexsandrovsk isolator, 268

Alikhanov, 408

Alksnis, Ya. I. (Army Commander), 185, 202, 208, 213, 420

Alliluyev, Paul, 58

Alliluyeva, Nadezhda (Stalin’s second wife), suicide of, 29, 58

Alliluyeva, Svetlana, 43n, 75n

Alter, Viktor, 449–50, 475

“ALZHIR,” 315

Amatouni, 226

Ambarchik, 326

American Federation of Labor, 449

Amirdzhanov, 170

Andreev, S., 426

Andreyev, A. A., 27, 136, 218

Andrianov, V. M., 328

Andronikova, Kira, 300 Anishev, 291

Annenkov, Yuri, 306

Antipov, N. K., 238, 240, 242, 347, 358–59, 361, 397, 420, 441, 456

Anti-Semitism, 65–66

Antonov-Ovseenko, V. A., 185, 209, 410, 423–25, 485

Apanesenko (Corps Commander), 202

Arctic expedition, 396

Arlen, Michael, 58

Armenian Communist Party, 226–27, 302

Armenians, arrest of, 272

Armored Forces, 208

Army: assault on, 182–213, 427–31, 450–53; purge of officers, 450–53; in World War II, 450–57

Arnold, Valentin, 158–59, 164, 165, 166

Arrests: method of, 261–64; estimated number of, 485

Artemenko, Ekaterina, 146, 354

Artuzov, A. Kh., 195

Arutinov, G. A., 438

Ashkhabad, 316

Ashurov, 357

Asian nationalists, 356–59

Astronomers, 295

Attlee, Clement, 449

Auden, W. H., 54

Avdoulov, N. P., 295

Averbakh, L. L., 298

Avvakum (archpriest), 128

Azerbaijanis: purge of, 222; Stalin’s claim about, 462

Azov-Black Sea province, 175

Babel, Isaak, 256, 298, 441

Bacteriological Institute, 222

Bagirov, M. A., 438

Baikal-Amur Railway (Bamlag) group of camps, 304, 316, 321–22

Bakayev, Ivan P., 46, 190: arrest of, 46–47; confession of, 48, 95; sentencing of, 49; alleged plot of, 85, 88; NKVD trial of, 95

Bakradze, V. M., 438

Balabanoff, Angelica, 115

Balitsky, V. A., 230–32

Baltic Fleet, 208, 212, 425

Baltic-White Sea Canal, 338, 484

Baltsevich, M. S., 49

Bamlag, 304, 316, 321–22

Baptists, 273, 317

Barbusse, Henri, 466

Barkov, V. N., 423–24

Bashkir, S., 222–23

Battle of Warsaw, 184

Bauman, K. Ya., 19, 67, 239

Bedny, Demyan, 98

Behrens, H., 198

Bekzadian, A. A., 423

Beloborodov, A. G., 122, 139

Belostotsky (doctor), 386–87

Belov, I. P. (Army Commander), 202, 206, 213

Bel’ski, L. N., 139, 421–22

Beltov, Eduard, 297

Belyakin, 238

Belyi purge, 221

Benek, 224

Benes, Edvard, 198–99

Berg, L. S., 294

Berger, Joseph, 488

Beria, Lavrenti, 74, 77, 214, 226, 280, 431, 458: ruthlessness, 14; interrogation manual approval, 126; Khrushchev’s remarks, 170–71; Georgia purge, 225–26; Vavilov’s arrest, 296; appointment to NKVD, 422; arrest of Kosarev, 427; examination of Blyukher, 430; replaces Yezhov, 432–35; consolidates power, 435–38; Central Committee group, 438; promotion to Politburo, 439; executes military officers, 455; fall of, 478

“Beria gang,” 432

Berlin Blockade, 414

Berman, Boris, 82, 90, 119, 175, 236, 245, 435

Berman, M. D., 81, 139

Berman-Yurin, K. B., 83, 88, 98: trial and testimony of, 98

Bernal, J. D., 60

Bernini, Camillo, 409

Berzin, E. P., 325

Berzin, J. K. [“Grishin”], 209, 213

Bessonov, Sergei, 342, 344–45, 347, 352, 364, 391, 392, 395, 456

Bezlov (pastor), 126

Bezprizorniye, 75, 313

Bierut, Boleslaw, 406

Biology, 295–97

Biriuzov (Marshal), 206

Bisseneks, 47

Black Marias, 311

“Black tornado,” 219

Blatniye, 314

Blit, Lucjan, 449

Blok, Alexander, 301

Blyukher (Marshal), 183n, 185–86, 200–202, 223, 428–31

Blyukher, Pavel, 430

Blyumkin, Jacob, 140

Bogarov, 330

Bogdan (Zinoviev’s secretary), 95, 172

Bogomolets (professor), 289

Bogomolov, 360, 423

Boguslavsky, M. S., 120, 135, 143, 148, 164

Bokanyi, Dezso, 403

Bolotin, 347

Bolsheviks, Lenin’s role, 4–5

Bolshevo model prison, 467

Bondarenko, M. I., 233, 422

Borisov, Yu., 37, 41–42

Borotbists, 228, 231

Bougetsky (General), 206

Boyarsky, V., 123

Braude, I. D., 164, 379, 383

Brecht, Bertolt, 465–66

Brest-Litovsk Treaty, 16, 372

Brezhnev, Leonid, 234, 480–83

Bronshtein, Matvei, 294

Brun, Stefanie, 421

Brunivoy, 456

Bubnov, Andrei, 240, 243, 424, 441

Buddhists, 273

Budenny (Marshal), 183n, 202–3, 298, 431, 455: head of Tsaritsyn group, 184; conduct at trial, 203

Budzynski, Stanislav, 406

Bukharin, Nikolai, 11, 59, 108, 110, 115–17, 127, 129, 135, 137–38, 144–47, 162, 168, 216, 236–37, 239, 242; Stalin’s defeat of, 16–22; politics of, 16–18; meeting with Kamenev, 17; opinion of Stalin, 21–22, 61–62, 64, 69; Ryutin’s document, 24; speech at XVIIth Party Congress, 31; New Constitution drafter, 79; NKVD trial testimony about, 95–96, 101–2; faith in Party, 112, 118–20; self-abasement denial, 127–28; confrontation with Sokolnikov, 136; exculpation, 136; Stalin’s retreat on, 136–37; hunger strike, 173; at February-March plenum, 173–80; attack on Stalin, 174; military conspiracy remark, 186; alleged assassination attempt on Lenin, 272–74; Vasiliev’s defense of, 301; trial of, 341–98; assurances about execution, 343; torture of, 364; testimony of, 364–74; guilty plea, 365; Kirov murder accusation, 391; last plea, 393–95; sentence, 395; “last letter,” 395; fate of family, 395–96; not rehabilitated, 479–80

Bulanov, P. P., 40, 42, 46, 50, 180, 343, 380–82, 393

Bulatov, P. A., 456

Bulganin, N. A., 239–40, 247

Bulgarian Communist Party, 106, 404–5, 458

Bulin, A. S., 183, 201, 207

Bund, 272–73, 449, 475

Burmin, D. A., 386

Burmistenko, M. O., 233

Butyrka prison, 237, 258, 264–66, 268–69, 279

Byelin (professor), 280

Byeloborodov, A. G., 114, 166

Byelorussia, 122, 275: purges, 223–24, 260–61; denunciations, 255; mass execution grave site, 288; writers’ executions, 303

Byelorussian Academy of Sciences, 293

Byelorussian Military District, 207

Bykin, Ya. B., 223

Bykov, Vasil, 297

Bykovnya, 288, 485

Bylinov, 481n

Byng (Admiral), 149

Byzantologists, 292–93

Canton Commune, 400

Cárdenás, Lazaro, 415

Casualty figures, 485–86

Catalonia, 409

Catholic priests, 273

Caucasus, Social Democrats in, 55

Census (1939), 487

Central Asia, 358–59

Central Committee, 137, 144; Lenin’s influence on, 4; complete collectivization decision, 18–19; expelling of Ryutin, 26; purge resolution, 26; Kirov’s role, 33; “Special Sector,” 34; reaction to Kirov murder, 45; western province resolution, 74; torture authorization, 122; resistance to purges, 137, 172; February-March plenum, 173–81; military members, 183; purges, 234–42, 438; purge objections, 248; survivors, 438

Central Control Commission, 26

Central Cooperative Union, 256

“Central Isolation Prisons,” 321

Chaikovsky, 295

Chaplin, N. P., 427

Charkviani, K. N., 438

Chechen-Ingush Republic, 261

Chelyabinsk, 279, 288

Cherepukhin, 159

Cherkasov, N. K., 65

Chernov, M. A., 240, 342, 348

Chernyak, R. I., 349

Chernyavsky, M. K., 78

Chernykh (General), 454

Chertok, L. I., 82, 85, 180

Chervenkov, V., 404

Chervyakov, A. G., 224

Chigurin, I. D., 437

Children: death penalty for, 75–76, 108; arrest of, 274–75; in labor camps, 316

Chinese Eastern Railway, 277

Chita prison, 206

Chkalov, V. P., 93, 231, 238

Chlenov, S., 423

Chubar, Vlas, 13, 139, 172, 228, 230, 243–45, 247: election to Politburo, 73; purge of, 419–20, 435; fate of wife, 436; rehabilitation, 479

Chudov, Mikhail, 37, 214–18, 237, 246

Chukovskaya, Lydia, 294, 305, 316

Chuvash Republic, 427

Civil War, 29: effect on Party, 5; Trotsky’s actions, 414

Clement, Rudolf, 415

Codovilla, Vittorio, 416

Collard, Dudley, 167

Collectivization: Stalin’s launching of, 18–20; early failure, 18–20; Stalin’s control of, 459; economic disaster, 488

Comintern, 196, 399–408: creation of, 399; purge of, 399–408

Confession, extraction of, 105, 109–31, 458, 478

Congresses of the Communist Party: Xth (1921), 3, 5, 114; XIVth (1925), 115; XVth (1927), 31, 115, 360; XVIth (1929), 18, 31; XVIIth (1934), 31–32, 196, 218, 446; XVIIIth (1939), 210, 218, 253, 396, 406–7, 427, 432, 436, 438–41, 446; XXth (1956), 45, 297, 476; XXIInd (1961), 40–41, 43, 477–79; XXIIIrd (1966), 482

Constitution, New (1936), 79, 145, 262

“Conveyor” method, 123–24, 279

Convict labor, 332–33

Copi , Vlada, 404

Cornford, John, 463

Corrective Labor Codex, 308, 472

Council of Nicaea, 30

Crash industrialization, 18, 20

Cremation, 287–88

“Crimean Affair,” 462

Criminal Code, Article 58, 283–85, 477

Criminals, in labor camps, 313–14

Crossman, Richard H., 476n

“Cult of the personality,” 447, 460, 476–77, 482

Cultural front, 291–307

Daghestan, 317

Daix, Pierre, 475

Dallin, David J., 5n, 308–9, 402n, 404n, 472

Dalstroy (Far Eastern Construction Trust), 309, 325–29

Danilovskii Monastery, 288

Danishevsky, G. M., 387

Darwinism, 62

“Dashnaks,” 272

David, Fritz, 83, 98, 101, 104

David, Hans, 402

Davies, Joseph, 188, 468

Death camps, 310, 330

Death rates, 338–39, 485–86

Death ships, 326

Decree on State Crimes, 477

Deficiency diseases, 322

Degot, V. A., 181

Dekabrist alphabet, 267

Dekanozov, V. G., 423–24, 438

Democratic Centralists, 5–6

Demographers, 487

Denunciation, 252–56, 260

Deportations, 30

“Detention,” 262

Deutscher, Isaac, 16, 28, 61, 186, 455

Dewey Commission, 465–66

Diakonov, 276

Diapkov (pastor), 126

Diaz, José, 410

“Dictionary Affair,” 297

Dimitrov, Georgi, 106n, 404, 408

Diplomats, 423–25

Djilas, Milovan, 57, 62, 64, 481

Dneprodzerzhinsk Provincial Committee, 234

Dobrogeanu, Alexandru, 404

Doctors, 319–20, 375–90; at Bukharin trial, 375–90

Doctors’ Plot (1952–53), 122, 462

Dombal, T. F., 298

Donetsky, 288

Dostoievsky, Feodor, 127, 323–24, 447

Draule, Milda, 47, 51

Draule, Olga, 51

Dray-Khamara, Mykhalo, 303

Dreiser, Theodore, 466

Dreitzer, E. A., 84, 88, 94–95, 101, 188, 190, 194

Dreyfus Case, 470

Drobnis, Y. N., 129, 135, 142, 148, 156, 162, 164, 165

Dual-command system, 453

Dubinskiy, I. V., 192

Dubinsky, David, 449, 475

Dubovoy, I. N. (Army Commander), 213

Dubovoy, N., 445

du Gard, Roger Martin, 411

Duhamel, 411

Duma members, 437

Duranty, Walter, 188, 388, 468

Dushenov, K. I. (Admiral), 441

Dvinsky, 64

Dybenko, P. E. (Army Commander), 69, 200–202, 212–13, 218

Dybets, 276

Dyumichev (Divisional Commander), 206

Dzenis, O. P., 178

Dzenishkevich, M. M., 224

Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 56, 131, 367, 405, 478

Dzhambul, D., 245, 396

Dzhezkazgan camp, 317

Dzhido camp, 337

Eberlein, Hugo, 401–2

Economics: labor camps, 330–33, 461; and Stalinism, 461–62; assessments, 488

Efimov, Boris, 63

Efron, Sergei, 304

Egert, 302

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 63, 67, 165, 253, 258, 305, 411, 424–25, 456, 464, 476

Ehrlich, Henrik, 449, 475

Eideman, R. P. (Corps Commander), 182–84, 196, 199

Eikhe, R. I., 73, 156, 159, 218, 243–45, 405, 419–20, 422, 439–41, 479

Einstein, Albert, 449

Eisenberg, 124

Eisenstein, Sergei, 65

Eismont, V. V., 26–27

Eitingon, Leonid (N. I.), 416–17, 481

Ekart, Antoni, 332

El Campesino (General Gonzáles), 125, 129, 323, 410–11

Elgen camp, 327–28

Eliava, Sh. Z., 240

Elsberg, Yakov, 305, 306

Epik, Hrihory, 322

Epin, 303

Erbanov, M. I., 249

Erickson, John, 185n, 452

Esperantists, 271

Esterman, I. S., 88, 101

Estonian Communist Party, 400

Evdokimov, E. G., 261, 421

Evdokimov, G. E., 10, 90: expulsion from Central Committee, 11; arrest of, 46–47; trial and testimony of, 48–49, 94, 103; fate of son, 105

Evtushenko, D. M., 233

Executions, 287–88, 485

Fadeyev, Alexander, 35, 263, 306

Fainsod, Merle, 45

Faivilovich, L. Y., 108

Family loyalty, disintegration of, 252–53, 465–66

Famine: Stalin’s policy, Ukraine, 20; deaths, 487

Far Eastern Army, 223, 427–31

Far Eastern Construction Trust (Dalstroy), 309, 325–29

Farkas, M., 475

Farming camps, 322

Fascism, 195–206, 466

February-March plenum, 173–81

Fedin, Konstantine, 303

Fedko, I. F. (Army Commander), 212, 430–31, 435, 479

Fedorov, G. F., 47, 104

Fedotov, I. K., 80

Feldman (Corps Commander), 182, 184, 187, 196, 199: arrest and confession of, 194, 202; fate of family, 204–5

Feuchtwanger, Leon, 66, 165, 466

Fifth columnists, 468

Filatov, N. A., 237, 240

Filipov, 325

Filyansky, N., 303

Finerty, John F., 466

Finnish Communist Party, 404

Finnish prisoners, 338

Finnish War (1939–40), 451–53

First Cavalry Army, 184, 298, 452

Five-year plans, 32, 275

Flieg, Leo, 401–2

Fominykh (Commissar), 208, 479

Food rations, 333–40

Foreign opinion, 463–76

Former Political Prisoners, Society of, 76–78

Fotieva, L. A., 69, 73

Fourth International, 412

Free exiles, 324

French Revolution, 59

Fridrikhson, L. Kh., 197

Friedland, Ts., 101, 291–92

Frinovsky, Mikhail, 121, 139, 146, 188, 194–95, 239, 245, 341, 343, 364, 409, 429, 431–32, 441

Frolov, 357

Frumkin, M. I., 420

Frunze (city), 287

Frunze, M. V., 298–99

Frunze Military Academy, 205

Futurists, 300

Fylypovich, P. P., 303

Gailit, Ya, P. (Corps Commander), 213

Gamarnik, Yan, 170, 182–83, 193, 202, 204–5, 237, 347, 359: military career, 184; coup attempt plan, 187–88; suicide, 200–201; fate of family, 204–5; Duranty’s argument, 468

“Gamarnik-Bulin gang,” 429

Garanin (Pavlov’s deputy), 325

Garkavi (Corps Commander), 193, 205

Gaven, Yuri, 100, 104, 105

Gay, M. I., 82, 180, 190, 194

Gekker, A. I. (Corps Commander), 193, 205

Gendarmerie, 62

“General Kleber.” See M. Z. Shtern

Georgia: Stalin’s policy toward, 68; Party purge, 225–26

Gerasimovka, 466

German, Yuri, 481n

German Communist Party, 195, 197, 401–2

German intelligence, 452

German Politburo, 401

German prisoners of war, 450

German Social Democrats, 186, 195

Germany: espionage contact accusation, 149; Nazi-Soviet Pact, 196–98

Gerõ, Ernõ, 410

Gertik, A. M., 108

Gestapo, 197n, 274

Gevorkian, Sokrates, 108

Gide, André, 165, 411, 464

Ginzburg, Eugenia, 51, 258, 282–83, 327, 404

Glebova, Tatiana, 76

Gliksman, Jerzy, 467

Goebbels, Joseph, 28

Goglidze, S. A., 239, 438

Gogol, N. L., 62

Gold fields: Kolyma, 325, 327, 329; Maidyak, 313–14

Goloded, M. M., 223–24, 370–71

Goloshchekin, F. I., 456

Golovanov, Alexander, 430

Golubenko, Ivan, 157, 178, 189

Golubev, V. P., 441

Gomulka, Wladislaw, 270, 399, 406

Gonzáles (General) [El Campesino], 125, 129, 323, 410–11

Gorbatov, A. V (General), 92n, 208, 264, 266, 269, 313–14, 324, 326–27, 338–39, 451, 478–79

Gori (Stalin’s birthplace), 55

Gorkin, Julián, 411

Gorky: Komsomol conspiracy, 80; mass executions, 288

Gorky, Maxim, 72, 79, 343, 347, 375–76, 379, 381–84, 397: seeks to reconcile Stalin with oppositionists, 73; support of Kamenev, 86; death of, 86–87, 245, 387–89; opposition to RAPP, 299; defense of writers, 300; Stalin’s role in death, 388

Gorky Works, 276

Gorno-Altaisk, 288

Gorsky (professor), 294

Goryachev, E.I. (Corps Commander), 202 Gosplan (State Planning Commission), 71

Gottwald, Klement, 403n

Govorov, 296

Graves, Robert, 251

Green, William, 449

Gribov, S. Ye. (Corps Commander), 213

Grigoriev (Corps Commander), 206

Grinko, G. F., 228, 232, 240, 342, 346–48, 395, 397, 479

Grollman, 408

Gromov, M. M., 238

Grossman, Vasily, 188

Grozny, 261

Gryaznov, I. K. (Corps Commander), 213

Gulag, 81, 139, 484

Gumilev, Lev, 263

Gumilev, Nikolai, 301

Gurevich, 168, 400

Gvakharia (Ordzhonikidze’s nephew), 168, 255

Gvishani, M. M., 438

Hammerstein-Equord, Baron Kurt von, 64 Hanecki, Ya. S., 246

Harte, 416–17

Hegel, W. F., 461

Henrykowski, Henryk, 406

Herling, Gustav, 266, 318, 338, 452, 467

Hermitage Museum, 306

Hernández, Jesús, 409–11

Heydrich, Reinhardt, 197–99

Hicks, Granville, 466

Hidas, 403

Himmler, Heinrich, 198–99

Hirsch, Werner, 401

Historians, 291–92

Hitler, Adolf: recipe for purges, 38–39; Stalin’s admiration of, 65, 195; agreement with Stalin, 195–97; plot against Tukhachevsky, 199; Stalin’s trust of, 453–54

Holtzman, E. S., 99–100, 102, 109

Homosexuals, 317

Hood, Thomas, 328

Hook, Sidney, 465

Hostage system, 7, 127–30

“Hotel Bristol” error, 99–100, 167

Hotel Lux, 400

Hrasche, I. Y., 143

Hrozny (professor), 293

Hughes, Emrys, 466

Hugo, Victor, 62

Hungary, 402–3

Ibarruri, Dolores [“La Pasionaria”], 410

Idelson, 408

Igarka railway, 332

Ignatov, N. G., 219

Ikramov, Akmal, 342, 356–59, 395–96, 479

Industrial Party, 35, 82

Industrial Revolution, 460

Industrialization, 18, 20; Stalin’s control of, 459–61

Infant deaths, 487

Informers, 318

Ingaunis (Corps Commander), 428

Inner prisons, 267

Internal passport, 21

International Brigade, 411

International Congress of Writers, 464

Interrogation system, 124–27

“Intourist Prisons,” 467

Ippo (Military-Political Academy Head), 207

Irkutsk, 485

Isakov, I. S. (Rear-Admiral), 211

Iskrov, 405

Isolator cells, 267–68, 322

Italian Communists, 403–4

Ivan the Terrible, 65

Ivanov, Nikolai, 453

Ivanov, V. I., 240, 342, 350, 367, 392, 396

Ivanovo purge, 219

Ivanov-Razumnik, R. V, 122, 278, 349, 402

Izard, Maître, 473–74

Jankowski, 457–58

Japan: espionage contact accusation, 149; and railways, 277

Japanese attacks, 428–30, 452

Japanese intelligence service, 270

Japanese P.O.W. camps, 334

Japanese prisoners of war, 450

Jasienski, Bruno, 298, 305

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 273

Jews, 65–66, 337, 401–2, 458, 462

Joliot-Curie, Frédéric, 473, 476

Journalists, 467–68

Juvenile criminals, 314

Kabakov, I. D., 222, 256

Kabul (envoy to Warsaw), 425

Kaganovich, Lazar, 27, 30, 33–34, 90, 92, 120, 136, 166, 168, 194, 202, 431, 439, 478: ruthlessness of, 12–14; Ryutin case, 25; trial role, 92; alleged assassination attempt, 100; at Ordzhonikidze’s funeral, 172; attack on Bukharin, 174; Ivanova purge, 212–20; Smolenk Party purge, 221; Moscow purges, 234, 240, 247; treatment of railwaymen, 276–77; clash with Yezhov, 422

Kaganovich, M. M., 240

Kalinin, Mikhail I., 19, 25, 27, 59, 90, 172, 174, 436, 439

Kalivnikovskoye Cemetery, 288

Kalmanson (professor), 271

Kamenev, Lev, 30, 56, 59, 76, 111, 115, 117, 120, 127, 480; political history, 10–11; meeting with Bukharin, 17; and Ryutin, 26; explusion from Party, 26; confession of, 30, 87–88; at XVIIth Party Congress, 31, 32; Kirov murder, 38, 43, 46–49; arrest of, 46–47; sentencing of, 49; and Gorky, 73; opposition to death sentence on, 78; interrogation of, 85, 87–88; Gorky’s support of, 86; NKVD trial, 95–96, 103; last plea, 103; execution, 104; credibility of evidence against, 105–8; repentance, 109, 116; Party democracy view, 114–15

Kameneva, Olga, 78

Kaminsky, G. M., 169, 171, 237–38, 249, 295–96

Kamkov, Boris, 373–74

Kandelaki, David, 197

Kapitsa, P., 67, 294

Kaplan, Fanny, 374

Karaganda complex, 315, 333

Karakhan, L. M., 127, 245–46, 368, 372, 397, 423, 479

Karelia, 222

Karelin, Vladimir, 373–74

Karev, N. A., 88, 108, 291

Kargopol, 313, 316

Karin, Aleksandr, 274

Karlag complex, 324

Karpechenko, 296

Karpov, M. Ya., 175–76, 228

Karpovsky, 221

Kartvelishvili, L. Yo., 23

Kashirin, I. D. (Army Commander), 202

Kashketin, 330

Kataev, I. I., 297

Katyn, 288

Katyn Affair, 448–50

Kaval, V P., 224

Kaverin, V. A., 305

Kavtaradze, S. I., 68

Kazakhstan, 261, 303

Kazakov, I. N., 342, 375–78, 381, 385–88, 394

Kazan jail, 279

Kedrov, I. M., 81, 140, 441

Kedrov, M. S., 287

Kemerovo industrial area, 142, 154, 156, 317

Kemerovo province, 274, 321

Kennan, George, 66

“Kennel,” 278

Kesselring (Field Marshal), 454

Khabarovsk, 419

Khakanian, G. D. (Corps Commander), 429, 431, 435

Khalepsky, I. A. (Army Commander), 193, 208, 213, 240

Khalkhin-Gol, 452

Khalmer-Yu, 337

Khandzhyan, A. I., 225, 226, 227, 302

Kharchenko, I. I., 271

Kharik, I. D., 224

Kharkov Physics Institute, 293

Kharkov prison, 264, 274

Kharms, D. I., 303

Khatayevich, M. M., 228, 231, 246

Khodorovsky, I., 169, 375, 387

Khodzhayev, Faizulla, 342, 356–58, 371, 394–95, 479

Khokhlov, Nikolai, 416

Kholmogori death camp, 310

Kholodnaya Gora prison, 279

Khripin, V. V. (Corps Commander), 208

Khrushchev, N. S., 137, 147, 167, 438, 475–80: Kirov murder comments, 42–43; Secret Speech, 42–43, 60, 170, 476; analysis of Stalin, 56–57, 60; appointment of, 74; Kaganovich’s plea to, 120; torture remarks, 121–22; at Ordzhonikidze’s funeral, 169; beliefs about Ordzhonikidze’s death, 170–71; and Yakir, 203–4, election as Ukraine First Secretary, 233; purge role, 240; appointment to Politburo, 247, 439; revelations of crimes, 475–76; post-Stalin period, 475–80, 483; death rate report, 485

Khvylia, A. A., 231

Khvylovy, M., 230

Kiev, 228, 440: Trotskyite presence, 145, 178–79; February-March plenum, 175; arrest of Army officers, 205–6; and Party purges, 228–29, 231; denunciations, 253–55; executions, 287

Kiev District Air Force, 454

Kiev Military District, 205

Kiev University, 292–93

Kingur camp, 478

Kippenberger, Hans, 401

Kireev, G. P. (Admiral), 213

Kirghizia, 261, 357

Kirov, Sergei, 25, 27, 215, 217, 463; Stalin’s follower, 12; character, 12–13; support of Ryutin, 24; conciliatory thinking, 32; popularity of, 35; Stalin’s attack on, 36; transfer to Moscow, 36; murder of, 37–52, 165; NKVD trial testimony about, 94–95, 102, 107–8; Bukharin accused of murder of, 365–66; reinterpretation of murder, 479

Kirov Works, 218

Kirshon, V., 298, 420, 464

Kjeller Airdrome, 152

Klimov, A., 198

Klimovskikh (General), 454

Klinkov, 231

Klyuev, Nikolai, 301

Knorin, V. G., 407–8, 420

Knyazev, I. A., 143, 149, 159–61, 166

Kobulov, B. Z., 239, 438

Kochetov, 482

Kodatsky, I. F., 215–18, 246

Koerber, Lenka von, 467

Koestler, Arthur, 28, 54, 117–18, 128–29, 210, 280, 282, 476n

Kogan, B., 384

Kolarov, Vasil, 399

Kollontai, Alexandra, 69, 212

Koltsov, Mikhail, 63, 67, 300, 441, 464

Kolyma complex, 50, 320, 324; NKVD purge, 51; conditions, 325–29; routes to, 325–26; food rations, 333–34; Khrushchev period, 478

Komarov (professor), 294

Komarov, Nikolai, 216–17, 246

Kommodov, N. V., 385

Komorowski, Bor (General), 457

Komsomol Central Committee, 426–27

Komsomols, 425–27: Leningrad, 45–46; resistance to Stalin, 51; Gorky conspiracy, 80; purge of, 425–27

Konar (Vice Commissar), 270

Kopershinsky (professor), 293

Kopets (General), 454

Kork (Army Commander), 182–83, 185–86, 200, 205: arrest, 194; trial, 203

Kornilov, Boris, 303, 305

Korobkov (General), 454

Korolev, Sergi, 294

Korotchenko, Demyan, 234

Korzhenko, Vasily, 423

Kosarev, A. V., 425–27, 435–36

KOSOS, 294

Kossior, I. V., 247

Kossior, S. V., 13, 24–25, 77, 90, 127, 135, 139, 144, 179, 228, 229, 230–31, 243–45, 436, 439: attack on Bukharin, 174; purge of, 246–47, 419–20, 435; fate of family, 436; rehabilitation, 479

Kossior, V. V., 247

Kostov, Traicho, 130, 458

Köstring (General), 197

Kostrzewa, Wera, 406

Kosygin, Alexei, 438

Kot (professor), 448

Kotlas, 317, 333

Kotlas-Vorkuta railway, 331, 337

Kotolynov, I. I.: as oppositionist, 45–46; Kirov murder accusation, 47–49; denunciation of Kosarev, 426

Kotsiubinsky, 178

Kovalenko, G. O., 303

Kovalev, 221

Kovtiukh, Ye. I. (Corps Commander), 213

Kozhanov, I. K. (Admiral), 211

Kozhevnikov, S. N., 481n

Kozhva, 322

Kozielsk camp, 447–48

Kratko, 307

Kravchenko, Victor, 170, 310, 473

Krebs (Colonel), 453

“Kremlin Affair,” 76, 78

Kresti prison, 269

Krestinsky, Nikolai, 110, 421, 423, 479: as Trotskyite, 8–9; capitulation to Party, 17; torture of, 121, 237; arrest of, 236–37; trial, 342–47, 351–54, 359; withdraws confession, 343–54; letter abandoning Trotsky, 345; last plea, 392; rehabilitation, 395

Krivitsky, Walter, 50, 87, 409, 415

Kronstadt naval base, 6, 34, 412

Kruglov, S. N., 438

Krupenik, N., 292

Krupskaya, Nadezhda K., 68–69, 73, 115, 238, 437–38

Krylenko, Nikolai V., 240, 243, 249, 420–21

Kryuchkov, P. P., 375, 377–78, 383

Kuban region, 20

Kubanin (professor), 461

Kubyak, N. A., 246

Kuchinsky, D. A. (Divisional Commander), 201, 213

Kudryavtsev, S. O., 232–33, 248

Kuibyshev, N. V., 208

Kuibyshev, V V., 12–13, 24–25, 27, 213, 248, 343, 373, 375–77, 379, 384, 397, 428: death or murder of, 71–72, 387–89

Kuibyshev province, 178, 247

Kuklin, A. S., 47–48, 88, 108, 119

Kulaks, 310

Kulbyak, M. S., 224

Kulik, G. I. (Marshal), 431, 453, 455

Kulikov, E. F., 145

Kun, Béla, 69, 402–3

Kurbas, Les, 322

Kurganov, 159

Kuropaty, 287–88, 485

Kursk province, 175, 258, 485

Kutev, 428

Kuteyshchikhov (professor), 222

Kuusinen, O. V., 403n, 408

“Kuzbas,” 142

Kuzmichev, B., 188–90

Kuznetsov, A. A., 218, 259, 438, 462

Kviring, E. I., 246

Labor Books, 21

Labor camps, 308–40: trip to, 311–14; criminals in, 313–14; women in, 314–16; children in, 316; setting up of, 316–18; prisoners’ rights, 318; ordeal of, 318–24; comparison with other prisons, 323–24; empire of, 324–25; economics of, 330–31, 461; food rations, 333–40; work rates, 336; postwar period, 458–59; Stalin’s consolidation of, 459; casualty figures, 485–86; population figures, 485–86; Western opinion toward, 472–75; Khrushchev period, 478

Laborde, Herman, 416

Lake Hassan attack, 430

Lakoba, Nestor, 225–26

Lambrev, 405

Lamont, Corliss, 466

Landau, L. D., 294

Langfang, A. I., 421

Lapin, Boris, 305

Laqueur, Walter, 470

Largo Caballero, Francisco, 409–10

Larina, Anna, 395

Lashevich, M. M., 10, 185

Laski, Harold, 467, 469

Lattimore, Owen, 328–29, 468

Latvian Communist Party, 400

Latvian intelligence service, 270

Latvians, arrest of, 272

Lazurkina, D. A., 216

Lebedenko, Alexander G., 45

Lefortovo prison, 208, 210, 268–69, 279, 288

Left Communists, 350, 373–74

Left Socialist Revolutionaries, 373–74

Leipunsky (professor), 294

Leipzig trial, 404

Lengyel, József, 277, 282, 322

Lenin, V. I., 115: assessment of Communism in Russia, 3–4; opinion of Stalin, 4, 56, 61–63, 66; creation of bureaucracy, 7; activity in Caucasus, 55–56; Party loyalty, 113; Battle of Warsaw comment, 184; Terror of, 251; creation of Comintern, 399

Leningrad: Kirov murdered in, 37–41; Komsomol, 45–46; “White Guards” executed, 46; NKVD, 49–51; Party purge, 214–18; prisons, 269–70; mass execution site. 288; writers, 303; food rations, siege, 334–35

Leningrad Komsomol, 45–46, 425

Leningrad Party: Kirov control of, 35–36; purge of, 214–16

Leninsk-Kuznetsk, 274

Lepa, A. Kh., 222

Leplevsky, I. M., 200, 230–31, 233

Lesyuchevsky, N. V, 305, 306

Levandovsky, M. K. (Army Commander), 213, 429

Levanevsky, S., 240, 295

Levin, L., 169, 342, 375–77, 379–80, 383, 386, 387, 388: recruitment of, by Yagoda, 376; execution of, 387; last plea, 393

Levin, Max, 296

Levin, Vladimir, 95

Levit, S. G., 295–96

Levitsky, G. A., 295–96

Levkovich, Antonia, 282

Likhachev, M. T., 458

Linguistics, 297

Lipper, Eleanor, 402n

Liteyni prison, 304

Lithuania, 257

Lithuanian Central Committee, 400

Litvinov, Maxim, 57, 67, 196–97, 424, 449; forms alliance with West, 196

Livshits, Benedikt, 303, 305

Livshits, Yakov, 143, 149, 153, 159–60, 166, 173, 445

Lobov, S. S., 246

Lockhart, Sir Robert Bruce, 249

Loebl, Evzen, 125–26

Loevenstein (doctor), 387

Loganovsky, 240

Logging camps, 330, 332, 335, 337–38

Loginov, V. E., 151, 178

Loktionov (Colonel-General), 455

Lominadze, V. V., 23, 31, 94, 101, 400

Lomov, G. I., 237, 421 Lozinsky, 305

Lublin Committee, 458

Lubyanka prison, 190, 201, 266, 268–69, 277–78, 287, 455

Luca, Vasile, 404

Lukács, Georg, 61

Lukina, Nadezhda, 123

Lukyanov, 426

Lumber camps, 330, 332, 335, 337–38

Lurye, Moissei, 83, 88, 96, 98, 101, 104

Lurye, Nathan, 83, 88, 98, 100–101, 104

Luthy, Hubert, 466

Luxemburg, Rosa, 401, 405, 482–83

Lykhachev, 276

Lysenkoism, 296–97

Lyubchenko, Panas, 228, 230–33, 292, 347

Lyubimov, I. E., 240, 420

Lyushkov, G. S., 81, 270, 429–31

Maari, Gurgen, 302

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 64–65, 69

Maclean, Sir Fitzroy, 236

Maclean, Neil, 167, 177

Magadan, 314, 325, 328

Magnitogorsk, 276

Magrilov, Semion, 276

Magyar, Lajos, 403

Makharadze, Philip, 68

Malenkov, Georgi, 74–75, 77, 222–23, 226, 426–27, 431–32, 478: ruthlessness, 14; Moscow purges, 234, 238; purge of Postyshev, 247; Central Committee group, 438

Malinovsky (Marshal), 209, 415

Malyshev, V. A., 438, 459

Manayev, 426

Mandelshtam, Nadezhda, 291, 479

Mandelshtam, Osip, 304–5

Mantsev, V. N., 372–74

Manuilsky, D. Z., 403, 406–8

Marchak, N. M., 233

Marchlewski, Julian, 405

Margolin, Julius, 475

Mariupol, 272

Markizov, A., 249

Markov (doctor), 448n

Marrism, 297

Marx, Karl, 331

Maslennikov, I. I., 438

Mass arrests, 434

Mass executions, 287–88, 457

Matorin, 94

Matulevich, I. O., 44, 92, 147, 240, 343

Mauriac, François, 411

Maximov-Dikovsky, V. A., 72, 375, 386

Mayakovsky, Vladimir V, 299, 301

Maynard, Sir John, 470

Mayo, C., 126

Mdivani, Budu, 68, 101, 114, 162, 225

Medes, 462

“Medical murders,” 375

Medved, Philip, 39, 44, 49–50

Medvedev, M. E., 194, 205

Medvedev, Roy, 108, 127, 137, 215, 258, 495–88

Medvedev, S. P., 74

Meister, G. K., 296

Mekhlis, L. Z., 15, 63, 209, 296, 429, 431–32, 438, 451–53

Menzhevik Party, 5, 35, 65, 112, 225, 272–73, 382, 424–25

Menzhinsky, V. R., 82, 343, 373, 375–78, 382, 385–86, 388, 397, 405

Mercader, Caridad, 417–18

Mercader, Ramón, 417–18

Meretskov (General), 453

Merkulov, V. N., 438

“Metallic” Factory, 218

Meteorological Office, 295

Metro-Vic Trial, 35, 150

Mets, S., 169

Metzger, Hans, 352

Mexican Communist Party, 416–18

Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 63, 256, 298, 306–7, 441

Mezhlauk, V. I., 240, 420–21

Mgeladze, A. I., 462

Mikhailov, 219

Mikhailov, M. E., 421

Mikhailyuk, A. S., 303

Mikhoels, Solomon, 43n, 449

Mikoladze, E., 306

Mikoyan, Anastas, 115, 136, 144, 174, 186, 226, 364, 458: Stalin’s follower, 12; election to Politburo, 73; at Ordzhonikidze’s funeral, 172; speech at Bolshoi Theater, 246; Moscow purges, 247

Mikoyan, Sergo, 487

Milchakov, A. I., 427

Military Collegium of the Supreme Court, 282, 420

“Military-Fascist Center,” 435

Military Intelligence (“Fourth Bureau”), 209

Miliukov, 413

Miller (General), 198

Miller, R. T., 167

Milyutin, Vladimir, 223

Minc, Hilary, 406

Mindszenty, József (Cardinal), 458

Mining industry, 143, 460

Minsk, 288

Mironóv, L. G.: NKVD secret trial role, 82, 85, 89; denunciation of, 180

Mirov-Abramov, 408

Mirsky, Prince Dmitry, 298

Mirzoyan, L.I., 419, 435

Mishakova, 426–27

Mitin, M.B., 296

Mixed labor camps, 315

Molchanov, G. A., 46, 81, 83, 85, 99–100, 139, 180, 341

Moldavia, 258

Moldavian NKVD, 434

Molotov, V M., 41, 92, 136, 139, 176–77, 180, 192, 194, 197, 202, 230, 351, 431, 439, 479; loyalty to Stalin, 12; and A. P. Smirnov, 27; Stalin’s alleged discontent with, 90–91; “attempt” on life, 149, 156–59, 479; at February-March plenum, 173–74; attack on Bukharin, 174; Moscow purges, 234–36, 238, 247–48; attack on cultural figures, 291; and Vavilov, 296; Secret Speech opposition, 476

Monakhov (Colonel), 482

Morgan, Claude, 474

Moroz (Major), 330

Morozov, Pavlik, 465–66

Morrison, Herbert, 462

Mortality rates, 338–39, 485–86

“Moscow Center,” 48–49

Moscow Children’s Theater, 306

Moscow prisons, 268–69

Moskalev, K., 141

Motorin, 88

Mrachkovsky, Sergei V., 11, 26, 115, 188–89, 194: alleged plot of, 83–84, 88–89; trial and testimony, 94; last plea, 103; credibility of evidence against, 107; repentance, 109; Radek’s comments, 148

Muggeridge, Malcolm, 412

Mühsam, Erik, 402

Muklevich, R. A., 210, 249, 295, 403

Münzenberg, Willi, 402

Muralov, A. I., 296

Muralov, N. I., 84, 116, 119, 129, 135, 139, 142, 146, 148, 164, 351, 468: testimony at trial, 155–57; fate of relatives, 165; remark about Ordzhonikidze, 168

Muslim clergy, 273

Musulbas, 178

Myachin, I. Ya., 222

Mylga camp, 328

Nadaraya, S. N., 482

Nagayevo, 325–26

Nalchik, 457

Napoleon, 59, 413

Narodnaya Volya terrorism, 103

Naujocks (Colonel), 199

Naumov (pastor), 126

Naville (doctor), 448

Navy officers, 450

Navy purge, 210–11

Nazaretyan, A. M., 170, 237, 246

Nazism, 30, 38, 195–96, 456, 465

Nazi-Soviet Pact, 196, 402, 453

Nedachin (doctor), 349

“Negative selection” process, 488

Negrin, Juan, 410–11

Neher, Carola, 402, 466

Nelidov, 81

Nemtsov, M. M., 246

Neronov, 205

Neumann, Heinz, 400–401

Neumann, Margarete, 407

Nevsky, V. I., 145

New Constitution, 79, 145, 262

Nicolaevsky, Boris I., 112, 308–9, 402n, 472

Niebuhr, Reinholdt, 449

Nikishov, Ivan, 325, 328–29, 438

Nikitchenko, I. I., 92, 240

Nikitin (doctor), 384–85

Nikolayenko, 144–45, 147, 178, 222: Stalin’s comments about, 178; rehabilitation of, 179

Nikolayev, Leonid, 46, 106, 217, 256, 435: Kirov murder, 37, 40–41; selection of, 40; diary of, 47–48

Nikolayeva, K. I., 69

Nikolsky (doctor), 349

Nikopol, 258

Nin, Andrés, 410, 416

Nizhnegorodsky prison, 269

NKVD, 44: founding of, 34; Kirov murder version, 38; mass arrests, 44; accusation of “White Guards,” 47; in Leningrad, 49–50; purge in Kolyma, 51; prepares trial of oppositionists, 78–83; Stalin’s control of, 79; Secret Political Department, 81; Economic Department, 81–82; Operative Department, 82; Special Department, 82; Foreign Department, 82; Transport Department, 82; oppositionists trial, 91–108; torture use, 122, 126, 131; manual for interrogation, 126; rumors on Ordzhonikidze’s death, 170; Yezhov’s purge of, 179–80; and attack on Army, 188; armed forces purge, 192, 205, 208–9; contact with German SD, 197; Union of Tsarist Veterans infiltration, 198; deviousness of, 208; rivalry with Army, 209; provincial purge role, 222–23, 227; Ukraine purge, 232; arrest method, 261–64; purge of, 279; attitude toward prisoners, 281–82; penal empire, 324; rehabilitation, 481–82

Norilsk, 302, 330, 478

Norkin, B. O., 142, 146, 155

North Caucasus Territory, 261

North Donets railway, 277

North Pole expedition, 236

Norwegian Social Democrats, 152

Noskov, 142

Nosov, I. P., 219, 246

Novaya Zemlya, 337

Novosibirsk, 142, 223, 264

Numerov, B. V, 295

Nuremberg Tribunal (1946), 92, 449

Obremov (professor), 294, 331

Odessa, 253

OGPU, 375–76; Ryutin case, 24–25; founding of, 34. See also NKVD

Okhotsk Sea, 326

Okudzhava, M., 101, 225

Okulicki (General), 457–58

Okunev (Army Commissar), 213

Olberg, P., 80

Olberg, Valentin, 80, 107, 164: plot against Stalin, 80–81, 83; trial and testimony of, 98; fate of wife, 105

Old Bolsheviks, 12: confessions, 71–108; Stalin’s attitude to, 225

Old Bolsheviks, Society of, 76–77

Olesha, Yuri, 300

Olminsky, Mikhail S., 45

Orakhelashvili, M., 77, 245, 246

Order of the Red Banner, 59

Ordzhonikidze, “Sergo,” 90–91, 128–29, 139, 145–46, 156, 159, 176, 237, 420: Stalin’s follower, 12–13; and Ryutin, 24–25; alleged assassination attempt, 100; dependence on Pyatakov, 140; remarks on Yezhov, 145; “suicide,” 167–73; double-cross by Stalin on Pyatakov, 167–68; harassment of, 168–69; fate of relatives, 172–73

Orlov (Admiral), 50, 107, 127, 193, 210–11, 213

Orlov, A., 410

Orwell, George, 409

Osadchy (professor), 71

Osepyan, G. A., 207

Ossinsky, V. V., 372–74

Ostachkov camp, 447

Ostrovsky, M., 425

Ovakimian, Gaik, 417

Ozarovsky, 211

Ozeryansky, 188

Ozolin, K. A. (Corps Commissar), 213

Pacific Fleet, 211

Papanin, Ivan D., 396

Pares, Sir Bernard, 470

Parshin, P. I. 129

Partiinost, 481

Pashukanis, E., 180

Pasternak, Boris, 63, 67, 250–52, 256, 258, 301, 304–5, 315–16, 457, 464

Pauker, Anna, 404

Pauker, K. V, 46, 50, 58, 146, 179–80: character of, 82

Pauker, Marcel, 404

Pavlov, D. G. (General), 454

Pavlov, Ivan, 66, 79, 127

Pavlov, K. A., 325

Pax, Magdalene, 464

Peace of Brest-Litovsk, 16, 372

Pechora camps, 315, 323, 329–30

Pegov, N. M., 438

Peluso, Edmondo, 403

Penkovsky case, 478

Pepper, John, 403

“Pereval Case,” 303

Personality cult, 447, 460, 476–77, 482

Pervouralsk jail, 264

Pervukhin, M. G., 438

Peshkov, Maxim, 375–78, 381–83, 388–89

Peshkova, Ekaterina, 389

Peterson, A. A., 76, 368

Petkov, Nikola, 458

Petrovsky, A. N., 218

Petrovsky, Grigori, 69, 77, 111, 174, 227–30, 232, 244, 245, 247: Stalin’s follower, 12; purge of, 436–37

Petrovsky, L. G., 436–37, 439

Philatelists, 271

Piecework system, 21

Pieck, Wilhelm, 403n

Pikel, Richard, 84–85, 88, 95, 109, 190

Pilnyak, Boris, 86, 298–300, 305

“Pioneers,” 465

Piontkovsky, A. A., 291

Pletnev, D., 342, 375–76, 383–88, 393–95, 456

Pogány, Jozsef, 403

Pogodin, Nikolai F., 451

Polish Communists, 405–7

Polish intelligence services, 270

Polish population in Russia, 405–6

Polish prisoners of war, 447–50

Politburo, 46: Ryutin case, 24; and Stalin, 33, 35; Code of Terror approval, 41–42; moderates in, 71; opposition to Purge, 71, 135–36; and NKVD secret trial, 90; purge of, 236–38, 242–49, 438–39; trial of members of, 342; losses in, 438–39

Polivanov, E. D., 297

Poltava, 253

Ponomarenko, P., 438

Ponomarev, Boris, 214

Popkov, P. S., 218, 438

Poplawski, S. G., 259

Popov, M. M., 230–32, 404

Popular Front, 464

Porayko, V. I., 303, 347

Poskrebyshev, A. N., 64, 438: Stalin’s secretary, 15; “Special Sector” role, 34; Ordzhonikidze’s death, 170–71

Pospelov, Peter, 479–80

Postyshev, Pavel, 90, 135, 172, 174, 178–79, 219, 228, 230–31, 243–45, 248, 301, 426, 435: character of, 34; political history, 144; Stalin moves against, 144–45, 147; indirect attacks on, 175; objection to Purge, 176, 244; purge of, 246–47, 419; fate of family, 436; rehabilitation, 479

Potmalag complex, 205, 315

POUM, 409–11

Powers, Gary, 478

Pozern, Boris, 217–18, 435

Preobrazhensky, E., 11, 31, 166, 480: as Trotskyite, 8; resistance of, 120

Prezent, I. I., 297

Priests, 273, 317

Prigozhin, 291

Prikhodko, 426

Primakov (Corps Commander), 182, 190, 194: arrest, 190; confession, 194, 202

“Prison of Special Designation,” 311

Prisoners of war, 447–50

Prisons: conditions in, 264–70; inmate statistics, 485–86

Pritt, D. N., 107, 467

Prokofiev, G. E., 139, 180, 287

Prosecutor-Generalship of the USSR, 34

Prosecutors, Yezhov’s purge of, 180–81

Prosecutor’s Office, 82

Pryanishnikov, D. N., 296

Prygov, S. L., 446

Przhevalsky, I. M., 55

Ptukhin (General), 454

Pul’kovo Observatory, 295

Pumpur, P., 429

Punitive camps, 337

Purge Commission, 26

Pushin, G. E., 143

Putna, Vitovt (Corps Commander), 101, 153, 183–84, 190–91, 194, 202

Pyatakov, Yuri, 33, 98–99, 128–29, 137, 139, 142, 162, 202, 243, 425, 466, 468, 480–81: as Trotskyite, 8; capitulation to Party, 17; speech at XVIIth Party Congress, 31; show trial role, 34; NKVD trial role, 98–99, 101–2; Party loyalty, 112–14, 118–19; importance of, 140; Stalin’s attack on, 140–41; repentance, 141; confession, 141, 145–46, 150–52; trial of, 147–67; alleged meeting with Trotsky, 151–52; last plea, 164; Party’s attitude toward, 166; Ordzhonikidze’s loyalty toward, 167–68

Pyatnitsky, I. A., 237–38, 400, 407, 420–21

Radek, Karl, 6, 79, 96, 110, 128–29, 147, 149, 165–66, 405, 470: as Trotskyite, 8–9; capitulation to Party, 17; on Stalin, 30–31; reception at XVIIth Party Congress, 31; NKVD trial testimony about, 101–2; Stalin’s attack on, 137, 140; collaboration of, 145–46; at Pyatakov Trial, 148; last plea, 164–65; fate of daughter, 165; and Army officers, 191

Radomislskaya, F. A., 105

Radzivilovsky, A. P., 84, 194, 219

Raikh, Zinaida, 307

Railways, 276–77, 433

Rajk, Laszlo, 127, 458

Rajk Trial, 63

Rakhimbayev, A. R., 357

Rákosi, M., 63

Rakovsky, Christian, 98, 128, 162, 391, 396, 412: as Trotskyite, 8–9, 11, 360; return to Party, 30; trial, 342, 351–53; political record, 360; testimony, 360–61; last plea, 392–93; sentencing, 395; Romanian connection, 404; execution, 456

Ramzin (professor), 143

Rapava, A. N., 239

Rappaport, 50

Rataichak, S. A., 143, 151, 161

Razgon, Lev, 262

Razkolnikov, Mikhail, 117, 152, 425, 480–81

Red Army, 452

Red Army Chorus, 209

Refusal to work, 321

Rehabilitation, routine of, 339, 480

Reichstag Trial, 106n

Reingold, Isak, 83, 88, 188–90: confrontation with Kamenev, 85

Reiss, Ignace, 408, 415

Religion, 273, 317–18, 457

Remmele, Hermann, 400–401

Repnin, Prince Michael, 175–76

Republics, purges in, 223–27

Reykhman, L. I., 441

Right Socialist Revolutionaries, 374

Rightists: Stalin’s defeat of, 15–22; at XVIIth Party Congress, 32; NKVD trial testimony, 96; Yezhov’s view, 138; in military, 186; at Bukharin Trial, 342

Ring, Jerzy, 406

Rivera, Diego, 415

Robotti, Paoli, 403–4

Rodionov, M. I., 438

Rodos, B. V., 306–7

Rodriguez Sala, 410

Roginsky, G., 83, 240, 260

Rokossovsky, K. K. (Corps Commander), 429, 451

Rolland, Romain, 66, 297, 466

Romanian Communist Party, 404

Romanian Socialist Party, 360

Romanov, Pantaleimon, 300

Rosenberg, M., 209, 409

Rosenfeld, Nikolai, 76

Rosengolts, Arkady, 114, 127, 240–41, 342, 346, 350, 359, 389, 393–94, 480

Rossisky, D. M., 386

Rostov province, 175

Rousset, David, 472

Rozenblum, 216–17

Ruban, Nastya, 190

Rubashov, 118, 361

Rudzutak, Yan, 33, 128, 237–38, 242–43, 347, 359, 400, 405, 439: Stalin’s follower, 12–13; support of Ryutin, 25; arrest of, 236; execution, 420; retraction of confession, 421–22; rehabilitation, 479

Ruhemann (professor), 293

Rukhimovich, M., 159, 240, 420–21

Rumyantsev, I. P., 46, 221, 246

Russell, Bertrand, 309

Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), 298–300, 305

Russian prisoners of war, 450

Ryazanov, D. B., 6, 61

Rychagov (General), 455

Rychkov, N. M., 147, 249

Rykov, Alexei, 24, 98, 108, 127, 136–38, 145–47, 162, 168, 237; Bukharin’s associate, 17; leadership failure, 19, 21; reception at VIIth Party Congress, 31: NKVD trial testimony about, 95–96, 101–2; and Party mind, 111; exculpation, 136; dismissal of, 139; February-March plenum, 173–74; trial of, 342–43, 348–49; 354–55, 359, 367–71, 381–83, 391, 394; assurances about execution, 343; confirmation of Krestinsky’s guilt, 347; Kirov assassination, 366; Kirov murder accusation, 391; last plea, 392; sentencing, 395; fate of family, 396

Ryutin, M. N., 129–30, 138–39, 147; attack on Stalin, 23–24, 117–18; arrest of, 24–25; expulsion from Party, 26; and Postyshev, 144

“Ryutin Platform,” 23–24, 162, 350, 354, 368

Ryvkin, 0. L., 427

Sabanin, A. V, 423

Sablin, Yu. V. (Divisional Commander), 190, 205

Sabotage, 141–47, 275–76, 283

Saburov, M. Z., 459 Safarov, G., 47–49

Safonova, Aleksandra, 89, 97, 119

Sakharov, Andrei, 326, 339

Saltanov, 426

Salvemini, G., 464

Samoilov, Fedor, 437

Samoyeds, 325

Samsonov, 320

Sangursky (Corps Commander), 428

Sapronov, T. V., 7

Sapunov, Danko, 322

Saratov jail, 447

Sarkisov, S. A., 231, 272

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 472, 475

Sats, Natalia, 306

Savitsky (Divisional Commander), 205

Schacht, Hjalmar, 197

Schubert, Hermann, 401

Schulenberg, Count Werner, 453

Schulte, Fritz, 401

Schutzbund, 411

Schwartzman (professor), 376

Second World War, 450–57

Secret Police, early role of, 34. See also NKVD; OGPU

Secret Speech (Khrushchev), 42–43, 60, 170, 476

Secretariat, 33, 36

Sedov, Lev (Trotsky’s son), 76, 78, 94, 97–101, 108, 116n, 140, 344, 414–15

Sedyakin, A. I. (Army Commander), 201, 213

Segeta camp, 205, 315

Segizbayev, S., 435

Seksots, 254, 260

Semenko, M. V, 303

Semyonov, B. A., 354

Serafimovich, A. S., 213

Serbichenko, A. K., 303

Serdich (Divisional Commander), 206, 212–13

Serdyuk, Z. T., 440

Serebryakov, Leonid P., 11, 96, 102, 116n, 129, 135, 143, 147–48, 153–54, 164, 165, 166, 298, 345

Serebryakova, Galina, 165, 298

Serfs, 320

Serge, Victor, 300, 464

Serov, I. A., 261, 478

Serpantinka camp, 325

Serpilin, 67–68, 450–51

Serrati, 115

Shakhty Trial, 35, 150, 353

Shanin, A. M., 50, 82, 180

Shapiro, I. I., 341, 384

Shaposhnikov, B. M. (Army Commander), 202, 212, 431, 452

Shaposhnikova, Lyudmila, 217

Sharangovich, V F., 223–24, 275, 342, 355, 357, 367–68, 370, 394

Shatalin, N. N., 438 Shatskin, L. A., 23, 147

Shatsky, N. N., 427

Shaw, Bernard, 471

Shchadenko, E. A., 15, 184, 205, 431, 438

Shchedrin, 62

Shcherbakov, A. S., 234, 438; career of, 215

Shcherbinskaya, 0., 306

Sheboldayev, B. P., 245–46

Shereshevsky, N. A., 380, 384, 386

Shestov, A. A., 142, 154, 156–59

Shirin, 306

Shiroky (Captain), 434

Shkiryatov, M. F., 15, 34, 77, 218, 261, 427, 432, 438–39, 478

Shklovsky, V. B., 305

Shlyapnikov, A., 5, 69, 74, 96, 114, 120, 480

Shmelyov, Nikolai, 484

Shmidt, Dmitri, 94, 188–90, 192, 194, 199

Shmidt, O., 236

Shmidt, V. V., 27, 145–46, 397

Shmuller, Dodya, 328

Shneyderman, I. I., 424

Shotemor, 357

Shpalnery prison, 266, 269

Shpigelglas, M., 82, 274, 409

Shteppa, Konstantin, 292

Shtern, G. M. [“Grigorevich”] (Corps Commander), 209

Shtern, M. Z. [“General Kleber”]. 209, 411 Shubnikov (professor), 294, 331

Shukhayev, 305

Shulman, 221

Shvartsman, L. L., 126, 427

Shvernik, N. M., 167, 439

Siberia, 259

Siblag prison camp, 302

Sikorski (General), 448

Silone, Ignazio, 399–400

Simonov, Konstantin, 67, 450–51

Sinelobov, A. I., 78

Sinyavsky, Andrei, 478

Siquciros, D. A., 416–17

Sivkov, A. K. (Admiral), 211, 218

Skoblevsky [“Gorev”] (Brigade Commander), 209

Skoblin (General), 198

Skorbny, Andrei, 301

Skrypnik, N., 229–30

Slansky Trial, 92n, 125, 458n

Slave labor, 320–21: economics of, 330–33; Stalin’s theory, 332

Slavin (Army Commissar), 201

Slepkov, A., 23–24, 117

Slisarenko, 303

Sloan, Pat, 474–75

Slutski, 294

Slutsky, A. A., 82, 179, 341, 409

Smilga, Ivar T., 74, 130, 147, 167, 185n, 421, 480: arrest, 26; resistance, 120

Smirenski, Vladimir, 301

Smirnov, A. R., 129, 361, 397: attack on Stalin, 26–27; expulsion from Party, 27; execution, 248

Smirnov, Ivan, 19, 93, 96, 100, 102, 109, 116n, 138, 380, 480: arrest of, 26; alleged plot of, 83–84, 93–95; resistance to interrogation, 88–89; confession of, 89–90; trial and testimony, 97–98, 101; resistance of, 97–98, 104, 118–19; last plea, 104; credibility of evidence against, 107; Radek’s comments, 148; and Putna, 190, 202

Smirnov, Nikolai, 408

Smirnova, Olga, 89

Smirnova, Varvara, 89

Smirnova, Z., 306

Smolensk province: Secret Archive, 51; expulsions, 74–75; purge, 221

Smorodin, Pyotr, 217–18, 427, 435

Smushkevich (Lieutenant General), 209, 455

Snegov, A. V., 339

Snesarev (General), 185

Soble, Jack, 98, 415

Socialism: Stalin’s theory, 16, 177; in Stalin’s Russia, 459

Socialist Revolutionaries, 5, 272–73

Society of Former Political Prisoners, 76–78

Society of Old Bolsheviks, 76–77

Sofia Cathedral, 106

Sokolnikov, Grigori, 83, 94, 96, 102, 107, 128–29, 136–37, 146–48, 162, 164, 165, 291, 298, 423, 480: arrest and confession, 135; promise from Stalin, 140; testimony at trial, 153–54

Solovetsk, 50, 303, 310–11

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 211, 270, 297, 309, 313, 317, 319–23, 335–37, 339

Sorge, Richard, 431

Sorin, V. G., 293

Sosnovsky, L., 30, 146

South Urals railway, 160

Spain, 209

Spanish Civil War, 209, 409–12

Spanish Communist Party, 409–12

Spanish Politburo, 410

Special Board, 284–86, 477

“Special Sector,” 34

Spender, Stephen, 465

Sperber, Manès, 462

Spinoza, Baruch, 461

Spiridonova, Maria, 373, 374, 395, 425, 456

Sports, 271

Stalin, Josef: Lenin’s opinion, 3–4; crushes Left, 7–12; followers of, 12–15; defeat of Right, 15–22; Socialism theory, 16; Ryutin’s appeal against, 24; autocracy of, 29; collectivization role, 31; at XVIIth Party Congress, 31–32; Leningrad Party attitude, 35–36; Kirov murder, 37–52; personal and political character, 53–70; father of, 55; paranoia of, 56–57; comparison with Napoleon, 59; capriciousness, 67–68; power drive, 69, 111; “attempt on life,” 76; pressure on Mironov, 85; torture authorization, 122, 280; retreat on Bukharin, 136–37; attack on Yagoda, 137–38; appointment of Yezhov, 138–39; view of Trotsky’s writings, 155; double-cross of Ordzhonikidze, 167–68; procurement of Ordzhonikidze’s death, 170–73; at February-March plenum, 173–74; theoretical justification for the Terror, 177–78; Battle of Warsaw role, 184–85; timing of attack on Army, 193; and Fascism, 195–206; naval policy, 210; Moscow purges, 234–42; alleged murder of Frunze, 298–99; slave labor theory, 332; attack on Rosengolts, 393n; policy on Spain, 411; comparison with Trotsky, 414; attack on Komsomols, 425–27; replaces Yezhov, 432–33; consolidates power, 435–38; Central Committee group, 438, unrealistic attitude toward Nazis, 453–54; trust of Hitler, 453–54; forced labor consolidation, 459; industrial policy, 460; late purges, 462; attitude of West toward, 471–72; Khrushchev period, treatment of, 478; pressure for rehabilitation, 482

Stalin, Vasili, 58

Stalin, Yakov, 58

Stalin Automobile Works, 276

Stalingrad, 456–57

Stalinogorsk camp, 337

Stande, 406

“Standing cell,” 278

Stankin, 145

Starobelsk camp, 447

Starostin brothers, 271 Stasiuk, Nicholas, 259

Stasova, Elena, 69, 73

State Planning Commission (Gosplan), 71

State Security Committee, 34

“Steam room,” 278

Stetsky, A. I., 239–40, 420

Stickling, 142

Stigga, O. (Divisional Commander), 213

Stolbunsky, Ya. I. 478

Stolypin, P. A., 39n

“Stolypin trucks,” 311

Stomonyakov, V. S., 424

Stroilov, M. S., 155, 165

Struppe, P. I., 218

Stypulkowski, Z., 125

Sugak, A. G., 482

Sukhanov, N. N., 60

Sukhanovka prison, 269

Sukhomlin, K. V., 436

Sukhorukov (Colonel), 425

Sulimov, D. E., 239–40

Sunspots, 295, 445

Surits, Ya. Z., 57, 202n

Surkov, A., 306

Susskind, Heinrich, 401

Suzdal isolator, 26, 268

Svanidze, Alyosha, 68

Svanidze, Ekaterina, 58

Svechin, A. A., 213

Sverdlov, Y. M., 45, 367

Sverdlovsk, 287, 304

Swianiewicz (professor), 337

Sychev, I. I., 207

Sylakov plot, 254

Symons, Julian, 467

Syrtsov, Sergei, 23, 120, 129, 145, 428, 480

Tabidze, Titsian, 301–2, 303

Tadzhikistan, 357, 359

Taganka prison, 269

Tager, Elena, 303

Tairov, 423

Tambov province, 440

Taney, V., 404

Tarasov-Rodionov, A. I., 297

Tashkent Observatory, 295

Tatar Republic, 227

Taubin, Yu. A., 224

Tbilisi, 62, 422

Tchernyavin, (professor), 310, 331

Teodorovich, I. A., 246

Ter-Gabrielian, S. M., 226

Ter-Oganezov, 295

Ter-Vaganyan, V. A., 83, 84, 89–90, 97, 101, 119, 148

Terror Decree, 477

Tevosyan, I. E, 438, 459

Thallmann, Maxim, 223

Thälmann, F., 399

Tikhonov, Nikolai, 303, 305, 464

Timashuk (doctor), 387

Timoshenko (Marshal), 234, 431, 452–53, 455

Tito (Josip Broz), 404

Tochinsky, 168

Todorsky (Lieutenant-General), 208, 339

Togliatti, Palmiro, 399–401, 403n, 404, 410, 477

Tolmachev, G. G., 26–27

Tolstikov, 482

Tolstoy, Alexei, 306

Tolstoyans, 273

Tomashevich, 238

Tomsk, 288

Tomsky, Mikhail, 24, 27, 95, 108, 120, 136, 145, 170, 424; Bukharin’s associate, 17; right-wing association, 17; leadership failure, 19; trade union view, 21; reception at XVIIth Party Congress, 31; NKVD trial testimony about, 95–96, 101–2; suicide, 102; fate of family, 396

Tomsky, Yuri, 424

Torgler, Ernst, 402

Torture, 121–27

Tourists, 467

Trade unions, 21

Transcaucasus, 214, 462; and Ordzhonikidze, 168; Party purge, 226

Tretyakov, S., 300, 305

Trial procedure, 282–90

Trilisser, M. A., 39, 441

“Troikas,” 286

Trotsky, Lev, 31, 115, 149, 153, 189, 190: Lenin’s opinion, 3–4; Revolutionary record, 8; political weaknesses, 9, 11; expulsion from Russia, 12; reaction to famine, 21; Kirov murder, 38; opinion of Stalin, 60–61, 64; alleged plot for treason and terrorism, 80–85, 89, 93–94, 97–98, 101–2; faith in Party, 112; alleged meeting with Pyatakov, 151–52; Stalin’s view of writings, 155; Chinese question document, 399; ruthlessness, 412–14; murder of, 412–18; manifesto, 413; accuracy of writings, 413–14; personality, 414; comparison with Stalin, 414

Troyanovsky, 188

Trusov, I. I., 83

“Trusties,” 313–14

Tsanava, L. F., 438

Tsarist Veterans, Union of, 198

Tsaritsyn group, 184

Tsentralnaya mine, 142–43, 154, 156, 163

Tsetlin, E. V., 427

Tsvetaeva, Marina, 304

Tukalevsky, Wladimir, 98, 107, 153

Tukhachevsky, M. N. (Marshal), 182, 185–87, 190–91, 193–94, 199–204, 223, 233, 306, 354–55, 368, 429, 452–53, 455, 470: military career, 183; German spy charge, 195, 198; arrest, 199–200; confession, 202; fate of family, 204–5; rehabilitation, 479

Tulaikov, N. M., 296

Tuominen, Arvo, 404

Tupolev, A. N., 295, 307

Turok, Y. D., 143

Turovsky (Corps Commander), 205

Tyanova, 305

Tyulenev (General), 453, 455

Tyurkin, 243

Uborevich, I. P. (Army Commander), 174, 182–83, 185, 202, 204, 206; military career, 183; confession, 200; trial of, 203; fate of family, 204

Ugarov, A. I., 217–18, 435

Uglanov, N. A., 26, 101–2, 120, 129, 138, 145–46, 148, 166, 380, 397, 480

Ukhanov, K. V, 240

Ukraine: collectivization, 19–20, 229; Stalin’s campaign in, 178–79; arrest of Army officers, 206; resistance to purge, 224; destruction of Party, 227–34; Party history, 228; Social Revolutionaries, 228; Central Committee purge, 232–33; Khrushchev as First Secretary, 233; arrest of minorities, 272; executions, 287, 302–3; poets, 302–3; writers, 303; food rations, famine, 334

Ukrainian Central Committee, 178–79

Ukrainian Komsomol, 426

Ulbricht, Walter, 411

Ulrikh, V. V., 44, 48, 92–93, 142, 147, 202–3, 205, 235, 240, 300, 343

Union of Tsarist Veterans, 198

“United Opposition,” 11

Universities, 291–92

Unshlikht, I. S., 243–44, 401, 405, 421

Urals, purge in, 222

Uritsky, S. P., 45, 198, 209, 212

Urkas, 314–15, 317, 326

Usachev, 238

Ushakov, Z. M., 126, 190, 201, 239, 420, 435, 440–41

Uspensky, A. I., 233–34

Ust-Izhma camp, 322

Uzbek Party, 356

Uzbekistan, 261, 286, 358, 485

Vanag, Yu. P., 291

Vannikov, 170

Vareikis, Yosif, 223, 347

Vasilenko (Corps Commander), 205

Vasilev (Army officer), 282

Vasilev, A. A., 219

Vasiliev, Pavel, 301, 305

Vasilyev, 351

Vassilenko, V K., 473–74

Vatsetis, I. I. (Army Commander), 205, 212–13

Vavilov, N. I., 67, 296

Vayshlya, I. S., 218

Veitser, 240

Velikanov, M. D. (Army Commander), 213

Verkhne-Uralsk isolator, 268

Vesyoly, Artyom, 300, 305

Vidali, Vittorio, 410, 416–17

Vienna Socialist uprising, 411

Viktorov, M. V (Admiral), 211, 213

Vilen, Otto, 404

Vinnitsa, 287–88

Vinogradov, A. I., 375–76, 383, 386, 387

Vinogradov, V N., 380, 383, 386

Visochenko, S. D., 303

Vladivostok Transit Camp, 312

Vlasov (General), 456

Vlodzimirsky, L. E., 120, 126, 239

Vlyzko, A. F., 44, 303

Voinovich, Vladimir, 342

Volkov, A. A., 236

Volkov, M. A., 422

Volny, A., 224

Volovich, A. I., 46, 82, 180, 194

Volsky, N. V., 112

Vorkuta, 108, 314, 318, 321, 329, 332, 478

Voroshilov, Klementi Y., 41, 87, 90, 136, 173–74, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192–93, 194, 200, 202, 205–7, 212, 240, 425, 427, 431, 435, 455; Stalin’s follower, 12; blackmail of, 39; alleged assassination attempt, 100, 188; at Ordzhonikidze’s funeral, 172; attack on Bukharin, 174; report on Army officers, 182–83; letter from Yakir, 203–4; attack on Blyukher, 430; Finnish War disaster, 452–53

Vovsi, M., 384

Voznesenky, N. A., 218, 462

Vyshinsky, Andrei, 34, 44, 74, 110, 136, 147–48, 151–61, 166, 199, 260, 280, 283–84, 286–87, 306, 431–32, 438, 477: character, 15; show trial role, 35; Yagoda cross-examination, 40; operative principle, 82; NKVD trial role, 90, 93–94, 98–103; confession method, 131; sabotage prosecution, 142; Pyatakov cross-examination, 151, 191; documentary proof remark, 163; purge of old Prosecutors, 180; Moscow purges, 235, 239; trial method, 287; Bukharin Trial, 343–89; Laski’s opinion of, 469–70; denunciation of, 477

Vyshnia, Ostap, 300–301

Vyshnevetsky, 325

Walecki, Henryk, 406

Wallace, Henry, 328–29

Wandurski, 406

Wang Ming, 403n

Warski, A. S., 405–6

Webb, Beatrice, 331–32, 467, 469

Webb, Sidney, 331–32, 467, 469

Weissberg, Alexander, 53, 124, 255, 267, 273–74, 278, 281, 293, 331, 433–34; 485; torture resistance, 128–29; labor camp testimony, 472–73

Wells, H. G., 59

Western opinion, 463–76, 486–87

Western Ukraine Communist Party, 400

“White Guards,” 437: execution of, 45–46; NKVD announcement, 47

White Sea Canal camps, 50

Wilson, Edmund, 466

“Wives of enemies of the people,” 273–74, 315–16

Wolf, Erwin, 415

Women: and Stalin, 68–69; in labor camps, 314–16, 327–28

Work rates, camps, 336

Workers Opposition, 5–6

“Workers’ Truth” group, 6

World War II, 450–57

Writers, 297–300

Writers, International Congress of, 464

Yagoda, Genrikh, 46, 50, 58, 81, 194, 237, 366–67: NKVD role, 34; Kirov murder, 38–44, 50; blackmail by Stalin, 39; court testimony, 40; Kuibyshev’s death, 72; NKVD trial role, 81–83, 89, 92; Gorky murder accusation, 86; Stalin’s attack on, 137–39, 176; resistance to Purge, 138; Yezhov’s attack on, 180; at Bukharin Trial, 341–43, 348, 354; and “medical murders,” 375–89; dramatic testimony at trial, 377–79, 381–83; attempt to kill Yezhov, 380; last plea, 393

Yakir, I. E. (Army Commander), 173, 183, 185, 187–88, 192, 193–94, 196, 199, 203, 205, 212, 230, 231, 232, 237, 347: military career, 183; meeting with Shmidt, 192; arrest of, 200–1; confession, 201; and Khrushchev, 203–4; fate of family, 204; letter to Voroshilov, 204

Yakir, Peter, 485

Yakovlev (professor), 96

Yakovlev, Ya. A., 223–24, 239–40, 347, 420–21

Yakovleva, Varvara, 372–74

Yanata, A., 296

Yanovsky, 231–32

Yanson, M. M., 240

Yaroslavl isolator, 267–68

Yashvili, Pavel D., 301

Yegorov (Marshal), 183n, 184–86, 193, 212, 435, 479

Yelin, 80

Yenukidze, Abel, 38, 77, 194, 200, 305, 368, 381, 397: Kirov murder role, 39, 71; self-denunciation, 71; “attempt” on Stalin’s life, 76; expulsion of, 77; execution, 245–46; rehabilitation, 479

Yepanechnikov, 219

Yertsevo camp, 320

Yesenin, Sergei A., 301

Yevlev, B. I., 343

Yezhov, Nikolai, 75–76, 78, 127, 144–46, 148, 165, 168, 170, 176, 177, 188, 194, 200, 202–4, 244–45, 287: ruthlessness, 14–15, Purge Commission role, 34; blame for Purge, 63; appointment of, 73–74; report on Yenukidze, 77; NKVD trial role, 81, 83, 87, 92; interrogation manual, 126; confrontation with Ordzhonikidze, 167; at Ordzhonikidze’s funeral, 172; and February-March plenum, 173–74; attack on Bukharin, 174; purge of NKVD, 179–80; Moscow purges, 234–36, 239, 248; election to Politburo, 243; hatred of, 256; on NKVD “Troikas,” 286; at Bukharin Trial, 343; attempt on life by Yagoda, 380; Stalin’s distrust of, 421–23; clash with Kaganovich, 422; accused of plotting with Kosarev, 427; fall of, 431–35

“Yezhov method,” 126, 278

“Yezhovschchina,” 63, 145, 248, 265, 441

Yiddish writers, 462

Yoganson, M. G., 303

Young Communist Central Committee, 427

Yugoslav Communist Party, 404

Yurenev, K., 360, 423

Yushkevich, A. K., 429

Zabolotsky, Nikolay, 267, 303–4, 305

Zakharchenko, 200

Zakovsky, L. M., 81, 215–18, 341, 435

Zaks-Gladnev, S. M., 76, 291

Zalpeter, A. K., 274

Zalutsky, P. A., 47, 49, 147

Zalynsky, 481n

Zamyatin, Y. I., 86, 300

Zaporozhets, Ivan, 38, 245: Kirov murder, 39–41; 44, 49–51; sentencing of, 49–50

Zatonsky, V. P., 231–33, 243, 348

Zborowski, Mark, 415

Zeidel, G. S., 101, 291

Zelenin, V., 384

Zelensky, Isaak, 256, 342, 347, 361–64, 390, 394–95, 464–65, 479

Zemlyachka, R. S., 69

Zerov, Mykola, 303

Zhdanov, Andrei, 33, 41, 73, 90, 222, 236, 244, 293, 387, 434, 439, 451: educational system role, 13–14; Kirov’s replacement on Leningrad Committee, 47; alleged assassination attempt on, 100; at February-March plenum, 173, 175; Leningrad Party purge, 214–18; and Lysenko, 297; Central Committee group, 438

Zhelayev, N. S., 306

Zhitomir prison, 264–65

Zhukov (General), 452–53

Zhukov, Evgeni, 461

Zhuravliev, V. R., 438

Zilliacus, Konni, 473

Zinoviev, Grigori E., 61, 76, 115, 117, 127, 129, 165–66, 480: political history, 9–10; and Ryutin, 26; expulsion from Party, 26; confession of, 30, 48–49, 95–96, 109, 115–16, 130–31; at XVIIth Party Congress, 31; Kirov murder, 38, 43–50; arrest of, 46–47; sentencing, 49; alleged plot of, 83–85; surrender of, 87–91; trial and testimony, 95–96; last plea, 103–4; execution, 104; fate of relatives, 105; credibility of evidence against, 105–8; repentance, 109; Party loyalty, 115–16

Zionists, 475

Zipalov, V D., 386

Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 305

Zubarev, P. T., 342,