Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926

Appendix 3: Nationalist Governing Institutions

Estonia

Chairman of the Provisional Provincial Assembly (from 24 February 1918, the Diet): A. Vallner (14 July–25 October 1917); O. A. Strandman (25 October–27 November 1917); A. Birk (27 November 1917–3 February 1919); K. Parts (3 February 1919–23 April 1919)

Chairmen of Provincial Government (Maapäev): J. Raamot (3 August–24 October 1917); K. Päts (24 October–22 November 1917); vacant (22 November 1917–24 February 1918)

Joint Head of State (as the Estonian Liberation Committee): K. Päts (19–25 February 1918); K. Konik (19–25 February 1918); J. Vilms (19–25 February 1918)

Chairman of the Council of Ministers: K. Päts (24 February–12 November 1918)

Prime Minister: K. Päts (12 November 1918–9 May 1919); O. A. Strandman (8 May–18 November 1919); J. Tõnisson (18 November 1919–28 July 1920); A. Birk (28–30 July 1920); J. Tõnisson (30 July–26 October 1920); A. Piip (26 October–21 December 1920)

Chairman of Constituent Assembly: A. Rei (23 April 1919–21 December 1920)

State Elder: A. Piip (21 December 1920–25 January 1921); K. Päts (25 January 1921–21 November 1922)

Latvia

Chairman of the Latvian People’s Council (Tautas Padome, Provisional People’s Council to 23 October 1918): V. Zāmuels (30 November 1917–17 November 1918)

Chairman of the Joint Council of Livonia, Estonia, Riga, and Ösel: A. K. J. Baron (12 April–8 November 1918)

President: J. Čakste (17 November 1918–16 April 1919; continues, in Northern Livonia, in opposition to Soviet rule, as chairman of the Latvian People’s Council to 2 July 1919); J. Čakste (3 July 1919–7 November 1922; chairman of the Latvian People’s Council to 1 May 1920, then president of the Constituent Assembly)

Prime Minister: K. Ulmanis (17 November 1918–16 April 1919; continues in Northern Livonia, in opposition to Soviet rule, to 3 July 1919); A. Niedra (11 May–29 June 1919); K. Ulmanis (3 July 1919–17 June 1921)

Lithuania

Chairman of the Lithuanian Regional Council (Taryba, from 16 February 1918 Lithuanian State Council): Antanas Smetona (18 September 1917–9 July 1918; also acting chairman, in opposition, 9 July–2 November 1918)

King: Mindaugas II (9 July–2 November 1918)

President: A. Smetona (2 November 1918–19 June 1920; chairman of the presidium of the Lithuanian National Council to 4 April 1919); A. Stulginskis (19 June 1920–7 June 1926; chairman of the Constituent Assembly to 21 December 1922)

Prime Minister: A. Voldemaras (4 November–26 December 1918); M. Sleževičius (26 December 1918–12 March 1919); P. Dovydaitis (12 March–12 April 1919); M. Sleževičius (12 April–6 October 1919); E. Galvanauskas (7 October 1919–19 June 1920); K. Grinius (19 June 1920–2 February 1922)

Belarussia

President of the Executive Committee of the Council of All-Belarussian Congress: J. Y. Varonka (18 December 1917–21 February 1918); R. A. Skirmunt (21 February–9 March 1918)

Chairman of the Rada: I. M. Serada (9 March–May 1918); P. P. Alyaksyuk (May–June 1918); Y. Y. Lyosik (June–10 December 1918)

Ukraine

Chairman of the Central Rada: V. P. Naumenko and S. O. Efremov (joint acting chairmen, 27–29 March 1917); M. S. Hrushevsky (27 March 1917–29 April 1918)

General Secretary of the Central Rada: V. K. Vynnychenko (15 June–24 October 1917)

Chief Minister: V. O. Holubovych (24 October 1917–22 January 1918)

Hetman: P. P. Skoropadskii (29 April–14 December 1918)

Chairman of the Directory: V. K. Vynnychenko (14 December 1918–11 February 1919); S. V. Petliura (11 February 1919–7 May 1921; provisional to 15 February 1919)

Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Volodymyr Vynnychenko (9–15 January 1918); V. I. Holubovych (18 January–29 April 1918); M. I. Sakhno-Ustymovych (29–30 April 1918); V. M. Chekhivsky (26 December 1918–13 February 1919); Serhiy Ostapenko (13 February–9 April 1919); B. M. Martos (9 April–27 August 1919); I. P. Mazepa (27 August 1919–20 May 1920); V. K. Prokopovich (26 May–14 October 1920); A. M. Livytskii (20 October–18 November 1920)

Western Ukraine

President of the Ukrainian National Rada: E. Petrushevych (1 November 1918–22 January 1919; also 20 April 1920–15 March 1923, in exile in Vienna)

Chairmen of the State Secretariat: K. Levytskii (9 November–December 1918); S. Holubovych (3–22 January 1919)

Bessarabia

President of the Bessarabian National Council (Sfatul Ţării): I. Inculeţ (4–10 December 1917)

Chairman of the Council of General Directory: P. V. Erhan (4 December 1917–1 February 1918); D. Cugureanu (1 February–27 November 1918)

Transcaucasia

Chairman of the Transcaucasian Commissariat: E. P. Gegechkori (28 November 1917–26 March 1918)

Chairman of the Transcaucasian Sejm: N. S. Chkheidze (22 April–26 May 1918)

Prime Minister: A. I. Chkhenkeli (22 April–26 May 1918)

Democratic Republic of Armenia

Chairman of the National Council: A. Aharonyan (30 May–1 August 1918)

Chairman of the Council of Armenia: A. Sahakyan (1–5 August 1918)

Chairman of Parliament: A. Aharonyan (5 August 1919–2 December 1920)

Prime Minister: H. Kachaznuni (30 May 1918–28 May 1919); A. I. Khatisyan (28 May 1919–5 May 1920); H. Ohandjanian (5 May–25 November 1920); S. Vratsian (25 November–2 December 1920)

Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan

Chairman of the National Council: M. A. Razulzade (28 May–7 December 1918)

Chairman of Parliament: A. Topchubashov (7 December 1918–27 April 1920)

Prime Minister: F. A. Khan Khoyski (28 May 1918–14 April 1919); N. Yusifbeyli (14 April 1919–1 April 1920); M. H. Hadzhinsky (1–28 April 1920)

Democratic Republic of Georgia

Head of State: N. N. Zhordania (26 May 1918–12 March 1919; head of the National Council to October 1918, then head of Parliament)

President of Constituent Assembly: N. S. Chkheidze (12 March 1919–25 February 1921)

Prime Minister: N. B. Ramishvili (26 May–24 June 1918); N. N. Zhordania (24 June 1918–1921)