Carabotti М, Scirocco A, Maselli МА & Severi С (2015) The gutbrain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Annals of Gastroenterology 28: 203–209.
Clemente JC, Pehrsson EC & Blaser MJ et al. (2015) The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians. Science Advances 1: e1500183.
Dodd MS, Papineau D, Grenne T, Slack JF, Rittner M, Pirajno F, O’Neil J & Little CTS (2017) Evidence for early life in Earth’s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature 543: 60–64.
Dominguez-Bello MG, Jesus-Laboy KM de & Shen N et al. (2016) Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-bom infants via vaginal microbial transfer. Nature Medicine 22: 250–253.
Fernández L, Langa S, Martín V, Maldonado A, Jiménez E, Martín R & Rodríguez JM (2013) The human milk microbiota: Origin and potential roles in health and disease. Pharmacological Research 69:1–10.
Flemming H-C, Wingender J, Szewzyk U, Steinberg P, Rice SA & Kjelleberg S (2016) Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nature Reviews Microbiology 14: 563–575.
Hennet T & Borsig L (2016) Breastfed at Tiffany’s. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 41:508–518.
Kelly CR, Kahn S, Kashyap P, Laine L, Rubin D, Atreja A, Moore T & Wu G (2015) Update on fecal microbiota transplantation 2015: Indications, methodologies, mechanisms, and outlook. Gastroenterology 149: 223–237.
Kinross JM, Darzi AW & Nicholson JK (2011) Gut microbiomehost interactions in health and disease. Genome Medicine 3: 14.
Kort R, Caspers M, van de Graaf A, van Egmond W, Keijser B & Roeselers G (2014) Shaping the oral microbiota through intimate kissing. Microbiome 2: 41.
Leclercq S, Mian FM, Stanisz AM, Bindels LB, Cambier E, Ben-Amram H, Koren O, Forsythe P & Bienenstock J (2017) Lowdose penicillin in early life induces long-term changes in murine gut microbiota, brain cytokines and behavior. Nature Communications 8:15062.
Liu CM, Hungate BA & Tobian AAR et al. (2013) Male circumcision significantly reduces prevalence and load of genital anaerobic bacteria. mBio 4: e00076.
Liu CM, Prodger JL & Tobian AAR et al. (2017) Penile anaerobic dysbiosis as a risk factor for HIV infection. mBio 8: e00996-17.
Lloyd-Price J, Abu-Ali G & Huttenhower C (2016) The healthy human microbiome. Genome Medicine 8: 1024.
McFall-Ngai M (2008) Host-microbe symbiosis: The Squid-Vibrio association — A naturally occurring, experimental model of animal/bacterial partnerships. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 635: 102–12.
Prescott SL (2017) History of medicine: Origin of the term microbiome and why it matters. Human Microbiome Journal 4: 24–25.
Ross AA, Doxey AC & Neufeld JD (2017) The skin microbiome of cohabiting couples. mSystems 2: e00043–17.
Sender R, Fuchs S & Milo R (2016) Are we really vastly outnumbered? Revisiting the ratio of bacterial to host cells in humans. Cell 164: 337–340.
Sevelsted A, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke К & Bisgaard H (2015) Cesarean section and chronic immune disorders. Pediatrics 135: e92–e98.
Thomas CM & Nielsen KM (2005) Mechanisms of, and barriers to, horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. Nature Reviews Microbiology 3: 711–21.
Verma S & Miyashiro T (2013) Quorum sensing in the Squid-Vibrio symbiosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14:16386–16401.
Vodstrcil LA, Twin I & Garland SM et al. (2017) The influence of sexual activity on the vaginal microbiota and Gardnerella vaginalis clade diversity in young women. PLOS ONE 12: e0171856.
Vreeland RH, Rosenzweig WD & Powers DW (2000) Isolation of a 250 million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal. Nature 407: 897–900.
Whiteley M, Diggle SP & Greenberg EP (2017) Progress in and promise of bacterial quorum sensing research. Nature 551: 313–320.
Barker J & Bloomfield SF (2000) Survival of Salmonella in bathrooms and toilets in domestic homes following salmonellosis. Journal of Applied Microbiology 89: 137–144.
Bloomfield SF, Rook GAW, Scott EA, Shanahan F, Stanwell-Smith R & Turner P (2016) Time to abandon the hygiene hypothesis: new perspectives on allergic disease, the human microbiome, infectious disease prevention and the role of targeted hygiene. Perspectives in Public Health 136: 213–224.
Butt U, Saleem U, Yousuf K, El-Bouni T, Chambler A & Eid AS (2012) Infection risk from surgeons’ eyeglasses. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 20: 75–77.
Cardinale M, Kaiser D, Lueders T, Schnell S & Egert M (2017) Microbiome analysis and confocal microscopy of used kitchen sponges reveal massive colonization by Acinetobacter, Moraxella and Chryseobacterium species. Scientific Reports 7: 5791.
Caselli E (2017) Hygiene: microbial strategies to reduce pathogens and drug resistance in clinical settings. Microbial Biotechnology 10: 1079–1083.
Caudri D, Wijga A, Scholtens S, Kerkhof M, Gerritsen J, Ruskamp JM, Brunekreef B, Smit HA & Jongste JC de (2009) Early daycare is associated with an increase in airway symptoms in early childhood but is no protection against asthma or atopy at 8 years. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 180:491–498.
Di Lodovico S, Del Vecchio A, Cataldi V, Di Campli E, Di Bartolomeo S, Cellini L & Di Giulio M (2018) Microbial contamination of smartphone touchscreens of Italian university students. Current Microbiology 75: 336–342.
Dunn RR, Fierer N, Henley JB, Leff JW & Menninger HL (2013) Home life: Factors structuring the bacterial diversity found within and between homes. PLOS ONE 8: e64133.
Egert М, Schmidt I, Bussey К & Breves R (2010) A glimpse under the rim — the composition of microbial biofilm communities in domestic toilets. Journal of Applied Microbiology 108: 1167–1174.
Egert M, Späth K, Weik K, Kunzelmann H, Horn C, Kohl M & Blessing F (2015) Bacteria on smartphone touchscreens in a German university setting and evaluation of two popular cleaning methods using commercially available cleaning products. Folia Microbiologica 60: 159–164.
Gibbons SM, Schwartz T, Fouquier J, Mitchell M, Sangwan N, Gilbert JA & Kelley ST (2015) Ecological succession and viability of human-associated microbiota on restroom surfaces. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81: 765–773.
Gilbert JA (2017) How do we make indoor environments and healthcare settings healthier? Microbial Biotechnology 10:11–13.
Hesselmar B, Hicke-Roberts A & Wennergren G (2015) Allergy in children in hand versus machine dishwashing. Pediatrics 135: e590–7.
Johnson DL, Mead KR, Lynch RA & Hirst DVL (2013) Lifting the lid on toilet plume aerosol: A literature review with suggestions for future re-search. American Journal of Infection Control 41: 254–258.
Kotay S, Chai W, Guilford W, Barry K & Mathers AJ (2017) Spread from the sink to the patient: In situ study using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli to model bacterial dispersion from hand-washing sink-trap reservoirs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83: e03327–16.
Lang JM, Eisen JA & Zivkovic AM (2014) The microbes we eat: abundance and taxonomy of microbes consumed in a day’s worth of meals for three diet types. PeerJ 2: e659.
Martin LJ, Adams RI & Bateman A et al. (2015) Evolution of the indoor biome. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30:223–232.
Meadow JF, Altrichter AE & Green JL (2014) Mobile phones carry the personal microbiome of their owners. PeerJ 2:e447.
Miranda RC & Schaffner DW (2016) Longer contact times increase cross-contamination of Enterobacter aerogenes from surfaces to food. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82: 6490–6496.
Raghupathi PK, Zupančič J, Brejnrod AD, Jacquiod S, Houf K, Burmølle M, Gunde-Cimerman N & Sørensen SJ (2018) Microbial diversity and putative opportunistic pathogens in dishwasher biofilm communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84: e02755-17.
Rook GA (2013) Regulation of the immune system by biodiversity from the natural environment: An ecosystem service essential to health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 110:18360-18367.
Rusin P, Orosz-Coughlin P & Gerba С (1998) Reduction of faecal coliform, coliform and heterotrophic plate count bacteria in the household kitchen and bathroom by disinfection with hypochlorite cleaners. Journal of Applied Microbiology 85:819–828.
Savage AM, Hills J, Driscoll K, Fergus DJ, Grunden AM & Dunn RR (2016) Microbial diversity of extreme habitats in human homes. PeerJ 4: e2376.
Strachan DP (1989) Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ 299:1259–1260.
Xu J & Gordon JI (2003) Honor thy symbionts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 10452-10459.
Zupančič J, Novak Babič M, Zalar P & Gunde-Cimerman N (2016) The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis and other selected opportunistic human fungal pathogens spread from dishwashers to kitchens. PLOS ONE 11: e0148166.
Barberis I, Bragazzi NL, Galluzzo L & Martini M (2017) The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch’s bacillus. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene 58: E9-E12.
Baum M & Liesen H (1997) Sport und Immunsystem. Der Orthopäde 26:976–980.
Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, Koteva K, Banks ED, Johnston MD, Barton HA & Wright GD (2012) Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLOS ONE 7: e34953.
Brockmann D & Helbing D (2013) The hidden geometry of complex, network-driven contagion phenomena. Science 342: 1337–1342.
Brolinson PG & Elliott D (2007) Exercise and the immune system. Clinics in Sports Medicine 26: 311–319.
Falush D, Wirth T & Linz В et al. (2003) Traces of human migrations in Helicobacter pylori populations. Science 299: 1582–1585.
Fatkenheuer G, Hirschel В & Harbarth S (2015) Screening and isolation to control meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: sense, nonsense, and evidence. The Lancet 385: 1146–1149.
Furuse Y, Suzuki A & Oshitani H (2010) Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries. Virology Journal 7: 52.
Greaves I & Porter KM (1992) Holy spirit? An unusual cause of pseudomonal infection in a multiply injured patient. BMJ 305:1578.
Gupta S (2017) Microbiome: Puppy power. Nature 543: S48-S49.
Hertzberg VS, Weiss H, Elon L, Si W & Norris SL (2018) Behaviors, movements, and transmission of droplet-mediated respiratory diseases during transcontinental airline flights. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115: 3623–3627.
Kirschner АКТ, Atteneder M, Schmidhuber A, Knetsch S, Famleitner AH & Sommer R (2012) Holy springs and holy water: underestimated sources of illness? Journal of Water and Health 10: 349-57.
Kanig C, Tauchnitz S, Kunzelmann H, Horn C, Blessing F, Kohl M & Egert M (2017) Quantification and identification of aerobic bacteria in holy water samples from a German environment. Journal of Water and Health 15:823–828.
Kuntz P, Pieringer-Müller E & Hof H (1996). Infektionsgefährdung durch Bißver-letzungen. Deutsches Ärzteblatt 93: A-969-72.
Maixner F, Krause-Kyora В & Turaev D et al. (2016) The 5300-year-old Helicobacter pylori genome of the Iceman. Science 351:162–165.
Markley JD, Edmond MB, Major Y, Bearman G & Stevens MP (2012) Are gym surfaces reservoirs for Staphylococcus aureus? A point prevalence survey. American Journal of Infection Control 40: 1008–1009.
Me Cay PH, Ocampo-Sosa AA & Fleming GTA (2010) Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride on the competitiveness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in continuous culture. Microbiology 156: 30–38.
Meadow JF, Bateman AC, Herkert KM, O’Connor TK & Green JL (2013) Significant changes in the skin microbiome mediated by the sport of roller derby. PeerJ 1: eS3.
Neu L, Bänziger C, Proctor CR, Zhang Y, Liu W-T & Hammes F (2018) Ugly ducklings — the dark side of plastic materials in contact with potable water. NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes 4: 7.
Panchin AY, Tuzhikov AI & Panchin YV (2014) Midichlorians — the biomeme hypothesis: is there a microbial component to religious rituals? Biology Direct 9:14.
Pellerin J & Edmond MB (2013) Infections associated with religious rituals. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 17: e945-e948.
Rees JC & Allen KD (1996) Holy water — a risk factor for hospitalacquired infection. Journal of Hospital Infection 32: 51–55.
Sharp PM & Hahn BH (2011) Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 1: a006841.
Stein MM, Hrusch CL & Gozdz J et al. (2016) Innate immunity and asthma risk in Amish and Hutterite farm children. New England Journal of Medicine 375: 411–421.
Webber МА, Buckner MMC, Redgrave LS, Ifill G, Mitchenall LA, Webb C, Iddles R, Maxwell A & Piddock LJV (2017) Ouinolone-resistant gyrase mutants demonstrate decreased susceptibility to triclosan. Journal of Anti-microbial Chemotherapy 72: 2755–2763.
Weber A & Schwarzkopf A (2003). Heimtierhaltung — Chancen und Risiken für die Gesundheit. Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes, Heft 19. Robert Koch-Institut in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Statistischen Bundesamt (Hrsg.), Berlin.
Weber DJ, Rutala WA & Sickbert-Bennett EE (2007) Outbreaks associated with contaminated antiseptics and disinfectants. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51:4217–4224.
Wood M, Gibbons SM, Lax S, Eshoo-Anton TW, Owens SM, Kennedy S, Gilbert JA & Hampton-Marcell JT (2015) Athletic equipment microbiota are shaped by interactions with human skin. Microbiome 3: 25.
Bockmühl DP (2017) Laundry hygiene-how to get more than clean. Journal of Applied Microbiology 122: 1124–1133.
Burton M, Cobb E, Donachie P, Judah G, Curtis V & Schmidt W-P (2011) The effect of handwashing with water or soap on bacterial contamination of hands. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8:97-104.
Callewaert C, Lambert J & van de Wiele T (2017) Towards a bacterial treatment for armpit malodour. Experimental Dermatology 26: 388–391.
Callewaert C, Maeseneire E de, Kerckhof F-M, Verliefde A, van de Wiele T & Boon N (2014) Microbial odor profile of polyester and cotton clothes after a fitness session. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80: 6611–6619.
Callewaert C, van Nevel S, Kerckhof F-M, Granitsiotis MS & Boon N (2015) Bacterial exchange in household washing machines. Frontiers in Microbiology 6: 1381.
Cano RJ & Borucki MK (1995) Revival and identification of bacterial spores in 25-to 40-million-year-old Dominican amber. Science 268: 1060-1064.
Dréno В, Pécastaings S, Corvee S, Veraldi S, Khammari A & Roques С (2018) Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 32: 5-14.
Egert M & Simmering R (2016) The microbiota of the human skin. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 902: 61–81.
Fierer N, Hamady M, Lauber CL & Knight R (2008) The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105:17994-17999.
Fredrich E, Barzantny H, Brune I & Tauch A (2013) Daily battle against body odor: towards the activity of the axillary microbiota. Trends in Microbiology 21: 305–312.
Jonsson KI, Rabbow E, Schill RO, Harms-Ringdahl M & Rettberg P (2008) Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit. Current Biology 18: R729-R731.
Kubota H, Mitani A, Niwano Y, Takeuchi K, Tanaka A, Yamaguchi N, Kawamura Y & Hitomi J (2012) Moraxella species are primarily responsible for generating malodor in laundry. Applied and Environmental Micro-biology 78: 3317–3324.
Lang JM, Coil DA, Neches RY, Brown WE, Cavalier D, Severance M, Hampton-Marcell JT, Gilbert JA & Eisen JA (2017) A microbial survey of the International Space Station (ISS). PeerJ 5: e4029.
Martin A, Saathoff M, Kuhn F, Max H, Terstegen L & Natsch A (2010) A functional ABCC11 allele is essential in the biochemical formation of human axillary odor. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 130: 529–540.
Natsch A (2015) What makes us smell: The biochemistry of body odour and the design of new deodorant ingredients. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 69: 414–420.
Natsch A, Gfeller H, Gygax P & Schmid J (2005) Isolation of a bacterial enzyme releasing axillary malodor and its use as a screening target for novel deodorant formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 27:115–122.
Peterson SN, Snesrud E, Liu J, Ong AC, Kilian M, Schork NJ & Bretz W (2013) The dental plaque microbiome in health and disease. PLOS ONE 8: e58487.
Probst AJ, Auerbach AK & Moissl-Eichinger С (2013) Archaea on human skin. PLOS ONE 8: e65388.
Raynaud X & Nunan N (2014) Spatial Ecology of bacteria at the microscale in soil. PLOS ONE 9: e87217.
Stapleton K, Hill K, Day K, Perry JD & Dean JR (2013) The potential impact of washing machines on laundry malodour generation. Letters in Applied Microbiology 56: 299–306.
Turroni S, Rampelli S & Biagi E et al. (2017) Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiota in people sharing a confined environment, a 520-day ground-based space simulation, MARS500. Microbiome 5: 39.
Wilson JW, Ott CM & Bentrup KH et al. (2007) Space flight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals a role for global regulator Hfq. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104:16299-16304.
Пролог … 8
Микроб или не микроб … 12
Самый первый микроб — трудоголик, которому мы всем обязаны … 12
Вместе они сила: почему микроб хороший семьянин … 24
Человеческий микробиом: друзья на всю жизнь … 34
Секс и микроб: история большой близости … 46
Самые разыскиваемые преступники мира микробов (которые могут встретиться и дома) … 55
Микроб редко приходит один … 73
Гипотеза гигиены, или Почему нам пора сдаться … 73
Губка для посуды — самый большой отель для микробов в мире … 87
Гигиена на кухне: где обитают свирепые микробы … 105
Запретная зона: почему туалет не привлекает микробов … 119
Вы никогда не разговариваете сами с собой? Микробы на смартфоне и на очках … 131
Они прямо в нас … 140
О черт! Почему микробы тоже ходят в церковь … 140
Естественное сопротивление: когда микробы становятся резистентными … 151
Микроб отправляется в поход … 162
Микробы в зале, или Спорт калечит? … 173
«Папа, это черви?!» О детях, домашних животных и паразитах … 182
Доктор Бацилла и мистер Микроб … 194
Кратко об истинных бедствиях человечества — поте, запахе изо рта и прыщах … 194
Положа руку на сердце: как часто вы моете руки? … 208
Тревога в стиральной машине: как микробы туда попадают? … 214
Микробы в раю: об опасностях в дальних краях … 224
Звездные бестии: они покинут Землю вместе с нами … 237
Эпилог … 247
Список литературы … 250