Stalin, Volume 1

Levine, Isaac Don. Stalin’s Great Secret. New York: Coward-McCann, 1956.

Lewin, Moshe. Lenin’s Last Struggle. New York: Panetheon, 1968.

———. Political Undercurrents in Soviet Economic Debates: From Bukharin to the Modern Reformers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974.

———. Russia/USSR/Russia: The Drive and Drift of a Superstate. New York: New Press, 1995.

———. Russian Peasants and Soviet Power: A Study of Collectivization. New York: W. W. Norton, 1968.

Lewis, Ben, and Lih, Lars, eds. Zinoviev and Martov: Head to Head in Halle. London: November Publications, 2011.

Lewis, J. Patrick “Communications Output in the USSR: A Study of the Soviet Telephone Systems,” Soviet Studies, 28/3 (1976): 406–17.

Lewis, Jon E. The Mammoth Book of Eyewitness World War I: Over 280 First-Hand Accounts of the War to End All Wars. Philadelphia: Running Press, 2003.

Liadov, M. “Zarozhdenie legal’nogo i revoliutsionnogo marksizma v Rossii,” Front nauki i tekhniki, 1933, no. 2.

Liadov, P. F. Istoriia Rossiiskogo protokola. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 2004.

Liberman, Simon. Building Lenin’s Russia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945.

Liebich, Andre. “Menshevik Origins: The Letters of Fedor Dan,” Slavic Review, 45/4 (1986): 724–8.

Lieven, Dominic C. B. “Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in Late Imperial Russia: The Personality, Career, and Opinions of P. N. Durnovó,” Historical Journal, 26/2 (1983): 391–402.

———. “Dilemmas of Empire 1850–1918: Power, Territory, Identity,” Journal of Contemporary History, 34/2 (1999): 163–200.

———. “Pro-Germans and Russian Foreign Policy 1890–1914,” International History Review, 2/1 (1980): 34–54.

———. “Russia, Europe, and World War I,” in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921, edited by Edward Acton et al. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.

———. “Russian Senior Officialdom under Nicholas II: Careers and Mentalities,” Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, 32/2 (1984): 199–223.

———. Empire: The Russian Empire and its Rivals. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.

———. Nicholas II: Twilight of the Empire. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994.

———. Russia and the Origins of the First World War. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.

———. Russia’s Rulers under the Old Regime. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.

———. The Aristocracy in Europe, 1815–1914. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.

———, ed. British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print. Part I, Series A, Russia, 1859–1914, 6 vols. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1983.

Lih, Lars. “The Ironic Triumph of ‘Old Bolshevism’,” Weekly Worker, November 25, 1010. Found at http://www.cpgb.org.uk/home/weekly-worker/843/the-ironic-triumph-of-old-bolshevism.

Lih, Lars T. Lenin Rediscovered: What is to be Done? in Context. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

———. “1912: ‘A faction is not a party’,” Weekly Worker 912, May 3, 2012.

———. “Bolshevik Razverstka and War Communism,” Slavic Review, 45/4 (1986): 673–88.

———. “Bukharin’s ‘Illusion’: War Communism and the NEP,” Russian History/Histoire Russe, 27/4 (2000): 417–59.

———. “Political Testament of Lenin and Bukharin and the Meaning of NEP,” Slavic Review, 50/2 (1991): 240–52.

———. “Zinoviev: Populist Leninist,” The NEP Era: Soviet Russia, 1921–1928, 2 (2007): 1–23.

———. Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914–1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

———. Lenin. London: Reaktion Books, 2011.

———, et al., eds. Stalin’s Letters to Molotov. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.

Lincoln, W. Bruce. Passage Through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution, 1914–1918. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

———. Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989.

Lipatnikov, Iu. “Byl li agentom okhranki Sverdlov?” Situatsii, 1991, no. 1.

Lipitskii, S. V. Voennaia deiatel’nost’ TsK RKP (b), 1917–1920. Moscow: Politizdat, 1973.

Litvak, Dmitriy, and Kuznetzov, Alexander. “The Last Emir of Noble Bukhara and His Money,” International Bank Note Society journal, 50/3 (2011).

Litvin, Al’ter, ed. Levye esery i VChK: sbornik dokumentov. Kazan: NKT, 1996.

———. Krasnyi i belyi terror v Rossii, 1918–1922 gg. Kazan: Tatarskoe gazetno-zhurnalnoe izd-vo, 1995.

Litvinov, M. Iu., and Sidunov, A. V. Shpiony i diversanty: bor’ba s pribaltiiskim spionazhem i natsionalisticheskim bandformirovaniiami na Severo-Zapade Rossii. Pskov: Pskovskaia oblastnaia tipografiia, 2005.

Liu, F. F. A Military History of Modern China, 1924–1929. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956.

Liubimov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, and Erlikh, Aleksandr Nikolaevich. Genuezskaia konferentsiia: vospominaniia uchastnikov. Moscow: Institut mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii, 1963.

Liubosh, S. Russkii fashist: Vladimir Purishkevich. Leningrad: Byloe, 1925.

Liulevicius, Vejas Gabriel. War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Livezeanu, Irina. Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building, and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995.

Lobanov, M. P. Stalin v vospominaniakh sovremennikov i dokumentakh epokhi. Moscow: Eksmo-Algoritm, 2002.

Lockhart, R. H. Bruce. British Agent. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1933.

———. Memoirs of a British Agent: Being an Account of the Author’s Early Life in Many Lands and of His Official Mission to Moscow in 1918. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1932.

Loewe, Heinz-Dietrich. Antisemitismus under reaktionaere Utopie: Russischer Konservatismus um Kampf gegen Wandel von Staat under Gesellschaft, 1890–1917. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe, 1978.

Logachev, Vladimir A. “‘V khlebnom raoine Zapadnoi Sibiri’: ot prodraverstka k golodu,” Vestnik Tomskogo gusudarstvennogo universiteta: Istoriia, 2012, no. 3.

Loginov, V. T. Leninskaia “Pravda” 1912–1914 gg. Moscow, 1962.

Loginov, Vladimir. Teni Stalina: General Vlasik i ego soratniki. Moscow: Sovremennik, 2000.

Lohr, Eric. “War and Revolution, 1914–1917,” in The Cambridge History of Russia, edited by Dominic Lieven. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

———. Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign Against Enemy Aliens During World War I. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Loukianov, Mikhail. “Conservatives and ‘Renewed Russia,’ 1907–1914,” Slavic Review, 61/4 (2002): 762–86.

Loukomsky, A. S. Memoirs of the Russian Revolution. London: Fisher, Unwin, 1922.

Lowe, Heinz-Dietrich. “Political Symbols and Rituals of the Russian Radical Right, 1900–1914,” Slavonic and East European Review, 76/3 (1998): 441–66.

Lubny-Gertsyk, I. L. Dvizhenie naseleniia na territorii SSSR za vremia mirovoi voiny i revoliutsii. Moscow: Planovoe khoziaistvo, 1926.

Luchinskaia, A. V. Velikii provokator Evno Azef. Petrograd: Raduga, 1923.

Ludendorff, Erich. My War Memories, 1914–1918, 2 vols. London: Hutchinson, 1919.

Lukomskii, A. S. Vospominaniia. Berlin: Otto Kirchner, 1922.

Lunacharskii, A. V. Sobranie sochinenii, 8 vols. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaia literatura, 1963–67.

———. Revoliutsionnye siluety. Moscow: Deviatoe ianvaria, 1923.

Lunacharsky, Anatoly. Revolutionary Silhouettes. New York: Hill and Wang, 1967.

Luppol, A. P. “Iz istorii sovetskogo gosudarstvennogo gerba,” in Ezhegodnik Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeia. Moscow: Sovetskaia Rossiia, 1960.

Lutchenko, A. I. “Rukovodstvo KPSS formirovaniem kadrov tekhnicheskoi intelligentsia, 1926–1933 g.,” Voprosy istorii KPSS, 1966, no. 2: 29–42.

Lutovinov, I. S. Likvidatsiia miatezha Kerenskogo-Krasnogo. Moscow and Leningrad: Voenizdat, 1965.

Luxemburg, Rosa. Die russische Revolution: eine kritische Wurdigung. Berlin: Gesellschaft und Erziehung, 1920.

Luzyanin, S. G. “Mongolia: Between China and Soviet Russia (1920–1924),” Problems of the Far East, 1995, no. 2.

Lyandres, Semyon. “On the Problem of ‘Indecisiveness’ among the Duma leaders during the February Revolution: The Imperial Decree of Prorogation and the decision to Convene the private meeting of February 27, 1917,” The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, 24/1–2 (1997): 115–27.

———. “Progressive Bloc Politics on the Eve of the Revolution: Revisiting P. N. Miliukov’s ‘Stupidity or Treason’ Speech of November 1, 1916,” Russian History, 31/4 (2004): 447–64.

———, ed. “‘O Dvortsovom perevorote ia pervyi raz uslyshal posle revoliutsii . . .’: Stenogramma besedy N. Z. Bazili s A. S. Lukomskim (parizh, 24 fevralia 1933 g.),” Russian History, 32/3-4 (2005): 215-58.

Lyons, Eugene. Assignment in Utopia. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1937.

———. Stalin: Czar of All the Russias. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1940.

Lyttelton, Adrian. The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919–1929, 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Macey, David A. J. Government and Peasant in Russia, 1861–1906: The Prehistory of the Stolypin Reforms. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1987.

Machiavelli, Niccolo, Gosudar’, edited by N. Kurochkin. St. Petersburg, 1869.

MacKenzie, David. Apis: The Congenial Conspirator. The Life of Colonel Dragutin T. Dimitrijević. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1989.

Mackenzie, F. A. Russia Before Dawn. London: T. F. Unwin, 1923.

MacMillan, Margaret. Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World. New York: Random House, 2002.

Magerovskii, D. A. Soiuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik: obzor i materialy. Moscow: NKID, 1923.

Magerovsky, E. L. “The People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, 1917–1946.” Phd diss., Columbia University, 1975.

Magidov, B. “Kak ia stal redaktorom ‘Soldat revoliutsii’,” Bol’shevistskaia pechat’, 1936, no. 11: 30–3.

Magnes, Judah L. Russia and Germany at Brest-Litovsk. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919.

Maier, Charles S. Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.

Maiskii, Ivan. Sovremennaia Mongoliia. Irkutsk: Irkutskoe otdelenie, 1921.

Makarov, S. V. Sovet ministrov Rossiiskoi Imperii 1857–1917. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 2000.

Makarova, G. P. Narodnyi Komissariat po delam natsional’nostei RSFSR 1917–23 gg. Moscow: Nauka, 1987.

Makeev, N. Ia. “Bakinskaia podpol’naia tipografiia ‘Nina’ (1901–1905),” Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo filiala IML pri TsK KPSS. Baku, 1952.

Makharadze, F. K tridsatiletiiu sushchestvovaniia Tiflisskoi organizatsii: podgotovitel’nyi period, 1870–1890. Materialy. Tiflis: Sovetskii Kavkaz, 1925.

Makharadze, F. E., and Khachapuridze, G. E. Ocherki po istorii rabochego i krest’ianskogo dvizheniia v Gruzii. Moscow: Zhurnal’no-gazetnoe obideneniie, 1932.

Makharadze, Filipp. Ocherki revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia v Zakavkaz’e. Tblisi: Gosizdat Gruzii, 1927.

Makharadze, N. B. Pobeda sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii v Gruzii. Tblisi: Sabchota Sakartvelo, 1965.

Makintsian, P., ed. Krasnaia kniga VChK, 2 vols. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

Maklakov, V. A. “The Agrarian Problem in Russia before the Revolution,” Russian Review, 9/1 (1950): 3–15.

———. Pervaia Gosudarstvennaia Duma: vospominaniia sovremennika. Paris: L. Beresniak, 1939.

Maksakov, B., ed. “Iz arkhiva S. Iu. Vitte” and “Doklady S. Iu. Vitte Nikolaiu II,” Krasnyi arkhiv, 11–12 (1925): 107–43, 144–58.

Maksakov, V., and Turunov, A. Khronika grazhdanskoi voiny v Sibiri 1917–1918. Moscow and Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1926.

Mal’chevskii, I. S., ed. Vserossiiskoe Uchreditel’noe Sobranie. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1930.

Male, Donald J. Russian Peasant Organization Before Collectivization: A Study of Communes and Gathering, 1925–1930. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

Malenbaum, Wilfred. The World Wheat Economy, 1885–1939. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.

Malia, Martin. Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism, 1812–1855. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1961.

Maliavskii, A. D. Krest’ianskoe dvizhenie v Rossii v 1917 g. (mart-oktiabr’). Moscow: Nauka, 1981.

Malinovskii, Iu. P. “K pereezdu TsK RKP (b) i Sovetskogo pravitel’stva iz Petrograd v Moskvu (mart 1918 g.),” Voprosy istorii, 1968, no. 11: 99–103.

Mal’kov, Pavel D. Zapiski komendanta Moskovskogo Kremlia, 3rd ed. Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 1959, 1967.

Mal’kov, V. L., ed. Pervaia mirovaia voina: prolog XX veka. Moscow: Nauka, 1998.

Malkov, Pavel D. Reminiscences of a Kremlin Commandant. Moscow: Progress, 1960.

Malle, Silvana. The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918–1921. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Malozemoff, Andrew. Russian Far Eastern Policy, 1881–1904, with Special Emphasis on the Causes of the Russo-Japanese War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1958.

Malyshev, M. O. Oborona Petrograda i izgnanie nemetskikh okkupantov s severeozapada v 1918 godu. Leningrad: Leningradskii universitet, 1974.

Mamontov, V. I. Na Gosudarevoi sluzhbe: vospominaniia. Tallinn: Tallinna Eesti Kirjastus-Ühisuse trükikoda, 1926.

Manchester, Laurie. Holy Fathers, Secular Sons: Clergy, Intelligentsia, and the Modern Self in Revolutionary Russia. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2008.

Manikovskii, A. A. Boevoe snabzhenie russkoi armii, 1914–1918 gg. Moscow: Voennyi Redaktsion, 1923.

Manikovskii, Aleksei A. Boevoe snabzhenie russkoi armii v mirovoiu voinu, 2 vols. Moscow: Voennaia literatura, 1930.

Manning, Roberta T. “The Rise and Fall of ‘the Extraordinary Measures’, January–June 1928: Towards a Reexamination of the Onset of the Stalin Revolution,” Carl Beck Papers, no. 1504, 2001.

Manuil (Lemeshevskii), Metropolitan. Die Russischen orthodoxen Bischofe von 1893 bis 1965: Bio Bibliographie, 6 vols. Erlangen: Lehrstuhl für Geschichte und Theologie des Christlichen Ostens, 1979–89.

Manusevich, A. Ia. “Pol’skie sotsial-demkoraticheskie i drugie revoliutsionnye grupy v Rossii za pobedu v uprochenie sovetskoi vlasti (oktiabr” 1917–ianvar” 1918 gg.),” in Iz istorii pol’skogo rabochego dvizheniia. Moscow: Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskaia literatura, 1962.

March, G. Patrick. Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996.

Markina, N. A., and Federovna, T. S., eds. Baltiiskie moriaki v bor’be za vlast’ Sovetov v 1919 godu: dokumenty i materialy. Leningrad: Nauka, 1974.

Markov, Evgenii. Ocherki Kavkaza: Kartiny kavkazskoi zhizni, prirody i istorii, 2nd ed. St. Petersburg and Moscow: M. F. Vol’f, 1904.

Markov, Nikolai E. Voiny temnykh sil. Paris: Doloi zlo, 1928–30.

Markova, Liliana. “Litso vraga,” in Kino: politika i liudi, 30-e gody. Moscow: Materik, 1995.

Marks, Steven. Road to Power: The Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Colonization of Asian Russia, 1850–1917. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Marshall, Alexander. “Turkfront: Frunze and the Development of Soviet Counter-insurgency in Central Asia,” in Central Asia: Aspects of Transition, edited by Tom Everett-Heath. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

Martin, Terry. “The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing,” Journal of Modern History, 70/4 (1998): 813–61.

Martov, L. Spasiteli ili uprazdniteli? Kto i kak razrushal R.S.D.R.P. Paris: Golos Sotsialemokrata, 1911.

Martynov, A. “Ot abstraktsii k konkretnoi deiatel’nosti,” Nashe slovo, Setpember 16, 1915.

Martynov, A. P. Moia sluzhba otdel’nom korpuse zhandarmov: Vospominaniia. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1972.

Martynov, Evgenii I. Kornilov: popytka voennogo pervorota. Leningrad-Moscow: Izdatel’stvo voennoi tip. upr. delami Nkvm. i RVS SSSR, 1927.

———. Tsarskaia armiia v fevral’skom perevote. Leningrad: Izd. Voennoi Tip. upr. delami narkomvoenmor i RVC SSSR, 1927.

Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich. Selected Correspondence of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: A Selection with Commentary and Notes. London: M. Lawrence, 1944.

———. Selected Correspondence. Moscow: Progress, 1965.

———. Collected Works, 50 vols. New York: International Publishers, 1975-2004.

———. Selected Works. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1968.

———. The Communist Manifesto, with a new afterword by Stephen Kotkin. New York: Signet, 2010.

Masaryk, T. G. The Making of a State. London: Allen and Unwin, 1927.

Maslov, P. Agrarnyi vopros v Rossii, 2 vols. St. Petersburg, 1905–8.

Maslov, S. S. Rossiia posle chetyrekh let revoliutsii. Paris: Russkaia pechat’, 1922

Masolov, Aleksandr. Pri dvore imperatora. Riga: Fillin, n.d.

Massell, Gregory J. The Surrogate Proletariat: Moslem Women and Revolutionary Strategies in Soviet Central Asia, 1919–1929. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974.

Massie, Robert K. Nicholas and Alexandra. New York: Atheneum, 1967.

“Materialy fevral’sko-martovskogo plenuma TsK VKP (b) 1937 goda,” Voprosy istorii, 1992, no. 2–3.

Materialy “Osoboi papki” Politbiuro TsK RKP (b)—VKP (b) po voprosu sovetsko-pol’skikh otnosheniii 1923–1944 gg. Moscow: RAN Institut slavianovedeniia, 1997.

Matteotti, Giacomo. Un anno di dominazione fascista. Rome: Uffacio stampa del Partito Socialista Unitario, 1924.

Mau, Vladimir. Reformy i dogmy, 1914–1929: ocherki istorii stanovleniia khoziastvennoi sistemy sovetskogo totalitarizma. Moscow: Delo, 1993.

Mawdsley, Evan, and White, Stephen, eds. The Soviet Elite from Lenin to Gorbachev: The Central Committee and Its Members, 1917–1991. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

———. The Russian Civil War. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987.

———. “An Elite Within an Elite: Politburo/Presidium Membership under Stalin, 1927–1953,” in The Nature of Stalin’s Dictatorship: The Politbburo, 1924–1953, E. A. Rees, ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, 59–78.

Maylunas, Andrei, and Mironenko, Sergei, eds. A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra, Their Own Story. New York: Doubleday, 1997.

Mayzel, Matitiahu. Generals and Revolutionaries: The Russian General Staff During the Revolution. A Study in the Transformation of Military Elites. Osnabruck: Biblio, 1979.

McAuley, Mary. Bread and Justice: State and Society in Petrograd, 1917–1922. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.

McCann, James M. “Beyond the Bug: Soviet Historiography of the Soviet Polish War of 1920,” Soviet Studies, 36/4 (1984): 475–93.

McCauley, Martin, ed. The Russian Revolution and the Soviet State 1917–1921: Documents. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1975.

McClelland, Charles E. The German Historians and England: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Views. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

McCullough, David. The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–91. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977.

McDermott, Kevin, and Agnew, Jeremy. The Comintern: A History of International Communism from Lenin to Stalin. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996.

McDonald, David MacLaren. “A Lever without a Fulcrum: Domestic Factors and Russian Foreign Policy, 1905–1914,” in Imperial Russian Foreign Policy, edited by Hugh Ragsdale. Washington, D.C., and New York: Woodrow Wilson Center and Cambridge University Press, 1993.

———. “The Durnovo Memorandum in Context: Official Conservatism and the Crisis of Autocracy,” Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, 44/4 (1996): 481–502.

———. “United Government and the Crisis of Autocracy, 1905–1914,” in Reform in Modern Russian History, edited by Theodore Taranovski. Washington, D.C., and New York: Woodrow Wilson Center and Cambridge University Press, 1995.

———. United Government and Foreign Policy in Russia, 1900–1914. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

MChK: iz istorii Moskovskoi chrezvychainoi komissii (1918–1921). Moskva: Moskovskii Rabochii, 1978.

McIlroy, John, et al., eds. Industrial Politics and the 1926 Mining Lockout, 2nd ed. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2009.

McKean, Robert. The Russian Constitutional Monarchy, 1907–1917. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977.

McKean, Robert B. “Constitutional Russia,” Revolutionary Russia, 9/1 (1996): 33–42.

———. St. Petersburg Between the Revolutions: Workers and Revolutionaries, June 1907–February 1917. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.

McLellan, David, ed. Karl Marx: Selected Writings. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

McNeal, Robert H. “Stalin’s Conception of Soviet Federalism,” Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the United States, 9/1–2 (1961): 12–25.

———. Bride of the Revolution: Krupskaya and Lenin. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1972.

———. Stalin: Man and Ruler. New York: New York University Press, 1988.

———. Stalin’s Works: An Annotated Bibliography. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1967.

McReynolds, Louise. “Mobilising Petrograd’s Lower Classes to Fight the Great War,” Radical History Review, 57 (1993): 160–80.

Medish, Vadim. “The First Party Congress and its Place in History,” Russian Review, 22/2 (1963): 168–80.

Medlin, Vergil D., and Powers, Steven L., eds. V. D. Nabokov and the Russian Provisional Government 1917. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1976.

Medvedev, Roy. “New Pages from the Political Biography of Stalin,” in Stalinism: Essays in Historical Interpretation, edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: W. W. Norton, 1977.

———. Let History Judge: The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.

———. On Stalin and Stalinism. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Medvedeva Ter-Petrosyan, S. F. “Tovarishch Kamo,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1924, no. 8–9 (31–32): 117–48.

Mehlinger, Howard D., and Thompson, John M. Count Witte and the Tsarist Government in the 1905 Revolution. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.

Meijer, Jan M., ed. The Trotsky Papers, 1917–1922, 2 vols. The Hague: Mouton, 1971.

Meir, Natan. Kiev, Jewish Metropolis: A History, 1859–1914. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.

Mel’tiukhov, Mikhail. Sovtesko-pol’skie voiny: voenno-politicheskoe protivostoianie 1918–1939 gg. Moscow: Veche, 2001.

Melancon, Michael S. The Lena Goldfields Massacre and the Crisis of the Late Tsarist State. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2006.

———. The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Russian Anti-War Movement. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1990.

———. “From the Head of Zeus: The Petrograd Soviet’s Rise and First Days, 27 February–2 March 1917,” Carl Beck Papers, no. 2004, 2009.

Mel’gunov, Sergei P. “Zolotoi nemetskii kliuch” k bolshevitskoi revoliutsii. Paris: Dom knigi, 1940.

———. Kak bol’sheviki zakhvatili vlast’: oktiabr’skii perevorot 1917 goda. Paris: La Renaissance, 1953.

———. Martovskie dni 1917 goda. Paris: Editeurs reunis, 1961.

———. Sud’ba Imperatora Nikolaia II posle otrecheniia. Paris: La Renaissance, 1951.

———. Tragediia Admirala Kolchaka: iz istorii grazhdanskoi voiny na Volge, Urale i v Sibiri, 3 vols. Belgrade: Russkaia tipografiia, 1930–1.

Melgunov, Sergei P. The Bolshevik Seizure of Power. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 1972.

Melikov, V. A. Geroicheskaia oborona Tsaritsyna v 1918 godu. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1940.

———. Srazhenie na Visle v svete opyta maisko-avgustskoi kampanii 1920 goda: politiko-strategicheskii i operativnyi ocherk. Moscow: Krasnoznamennaia voennaia akademiia R.K.K.A. im. M. V. Frunze, 1931.

Melville, Cecil F. The Russian Face of Germany: An Account of the Secret Military Relations Between the German and Soviet-Russian Governments. London: Wishardt and Co., 1932.

Mendel, Arthur. “Peasant and Worker on the Eve of the First World War,” Slavic Review, 24/1 (1965): 23–33.

“‘Menia vstretil chelovek srednego rosta . . .’ Iz vospominaniia skul’ptura M. D. Ryndiuksoi o rabote nad biustom I. V. Stalina v 1926 g.,” Golosa istorii: muzei revoliutsii. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, vyp. 23 kn. 2 (Moscow, 1992): 111–8.

Menning, Bruce W. Bayonets Before Bullets: The Imperial Russian Army, 1861–1914. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.

Merridale, Catherine. Moscow Politics and the Rise of Stalin: The Communist Party in the Capital, 1925–32. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990.

Meyer, Alfred G. “The Soviet War Scare of 1927,” Soviet Union, 5/1 (1978): 1–25.

Meyer, Alfred. Leninism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.

Mgaloblishvili, Sofron. Vospominaniia o moei zhizni: Nezabyvaemye vstrechi. Tblisi: Merani, 1974.

Mgeladze, Akaki. Stalin, kakim ia ego znal: stranitsy nedavnogo proshlogo. Tblisi, 2001.

Michel Kettle, The Allies and the Russian Collapse, March 1917–March 1918. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1981.

Mif, Pavel. “Kitaiskaia kommunisticheskaia partiiia v kriticheskie dni,” Bol’shevik, 1927, no. 21, 23–24.

Mikhailovich, Alexander. Once a Grand Duke. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1932.

Mikhailovich, Velikii kniaz’ Aleksandr. Kniga vospominanii, 2 vols. Paris: Biblioteka illiustrirovanoi Rossoi, 1933.

Mikhaleva, V. M., ed. Revvoensovet Respubliki: protokoly 1920–1923 gg. Moscow: Editorial URSS, 2000.

Mikhhutina, I. B. “SSSR glazami pol’skikh diplomatov (1926–1931 gg.),” Voprosy istorii, 1993, no. 9: 45-58.

Mikhutina, I. V. Pol’sko-Sovetskaia voina, 1919–1920 gg. Moscow, Institut slavianovedeniia i blakanistiki, 1994.

Mikoian, A. I. “Na Severnom Kavkaze,” Novyi mir, 1972, no. 12.

———. Dorogoi bor’by: kniga pervaia. Moscow: Politizdat, 1971.

———. Feliks Dzerzhinskii. Moscow: Partizdat, 1937.

———. Mysli i vospominaniia o Lenine. Moscow: Politizdat, 1970.

———. Tak bylo. Moscow: Vargrius, 1999.

Mil’chik, I. I. “Fevral’skie dni,” Leningradskaia pravda, February 28, 1917.

Miliukov, P. N. “From Nicholas II to Stalin: Half a Century of Foreign Politics,” typescript (n.d.), Hoover Institution Archives (the manuscript appears to date from 1942).

———. Istoriia vtoroi russkoi revoliutsii, 3 vols. in 1. Sofiia: Rossiisko-Bolgarskoe izd-vo, 1921–4.

———. Ocherki po istorii Russkoi kul’tury. St. Petersburg: I. N. Skorokhodov, 1904.

———. Vospominaniia, 1859–1917, 2 vols. New York: Izd-vo im. Chekhova, 1955.

———. Vtoraia Duma: publitsitskaia khronika 1907. St. Petersburg: Obshchestvenaia polza, 1908.

———, and Stites, Richard. The Russian Revolution. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1978.

Miliukov, Paul, et al. Histoire de Russie, 3 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1932–3.

Miliutin, Vladimir. O Lenine. Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1924.

Millar, James R., and Nove, Alec. “A Debate on Collectivization: Was Stalin Really Necessary?” Problems of Communism, 25/4 (1976): 49–62.

Miller, Viktor I. Soldatskie komitety russkoi army v 1917 g.: vozniknovenie i nachal’nyi period deiatel’nosti. Moscow: Nauka, 1974.

Minakov, S. T. Sovetskaia voennaia elita. Orel: Orelizdat, 2000.

———.Stalin i ego marshal. Moscow: Yauza Eksmo, 2004.

Minczeles, Henri. Histoire generale du Bund: un mouvement revolutionnaire juif. Paris: Editions Austral, 1995.

Ministerstvo finansov, 1802–1902, 2 vols. St. Petersburg: Ekspeditsiia zagotovleniia gosudarstvennykh bumag, 1902.

Ministerstvo vnutrennykh del: istoricheskii ocherk, 2 vols. St. Petersburg, 1902.

Mints, I. I. Dokumenty velikoi proletarskoi revoliutsii, 2 vols. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1938, 1948.

Mintslov, S. R. Peterburg v 1903–1910 godakh. Riga: Kniga dlia vsekh, 1931.

Mirnyi dogovor mezhdu Gruziei i Rossiei. Moscow: Prodput’, 1920.

Mironov, Georgii E. Gosudari i gosudarevy liudi: gosudari i gosudarevy liudi, rossiiskie reformatory i kontrreformatory XIX-nachala XX veka. Moscow: Mart, 1999.

Misshima, Yasuo, and Tomio, Goto. A Japanese View of Outer Mongolia. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1942.

Mitchell, Allan. Revolution in Bavaria, 1918–1919: The Eisner Regime and the Soviet Republic. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966.

Mitchell, David J. 1919: Red Mirage. New York: Macmillan, 1970.

Mitchell, Mairin. The Maritime History of Russia, 848–1948. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1949.

Mlechin, L. M. Russkaia armiia mezhdu Trotskim i Stalinym. Moscow: Tsenrtopoligraf, 2002.

Mnatsakanian, A. Poslantsy Sovetskoi Rossii v Armenii. Erevan: Aipetrat, 1959.

Moggridge, D. E. The Return to Gold, 1925: The Formulation of Economic Policy and Its Critics. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1969.

Moletotov, I. A. Sibkraikom: partiinoe stroitel’stvo v Sibiri 1924–1930 gg. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1978.

Molotov, V. M. Na shestoi god. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1923.

Mombauer, Annika. “A Reluctant Military Leader? Helmuth von Moltke and the July Crisis of 1914,” War in History, 6/4 (1999): 417–46.

———. Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

———. The Origins of the First World War. London: Longman, 2002.

Mommen, Andre. Stalin’s Economist: The Economic Contributions of Jeno Varga. London and New York: Routledge, 2011.

Monas, Sidney. “The Political Police: The Dream of a Beautiful Autocracy,” in The Transformation of Russian Society, edited by Cyril Black. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.

———. The Third Section: Police and Society in Russia under Nicholas I. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.

Montefiore, Simon Sebag. Young Stalin. New York: Knopf, 2007.

———. Stalin: Court of the Red Tsar. London: Weidenfeld, 2003.

Moore, Barrington. Soviet Politics: The Dilemma of Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1950.

Morozov, K. N. Sudebnyi protsess sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov i tiuremnoe protivostoianie (1922–1926): etika i taktika protivo-borstva. Moscow: Rosspen, 2005.

Morozov, V. M. Sozdanie i ukreplenie sovetskogo gosudarstsvennogo apparata, noiabr’ 1917 g.—mart 1919 g. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1957.

Morozova, Irina Y. The Comintern and Revolution in Mongolia. Cambridge: White Horse, 2002.

Morris, Edmund. Colonel Roosevelt. New York: Random House, 2010.

Moskalev, M. A. bol’shevistskie organizatsii Zakavkaz’ia pervoi russkoi revoliutsii i v gody stolypinskoi reaktsii. Moscow, 1940.

Moskovskie Bol’sheviki v bor’be s pravym i “levym” opportunizmom, 1921–1929 gg. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1969.

Moskvich, Grigorii. Putevoditel’ po Kavkazu, 20th ed. St. Petersburg: Putivoditeli, 1913.

Mostashari, Firouzeh. On the Religious Frontier: Tsairst Russia and Islam in the Caucasus. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2006.

Mostiev, B. M., ed. Revoliutsionnaia publitsistika Kirova, 1909–1917 gg. Ordzhonokidze: Ir, 1971.

Motherwell, Robert. Dada Painters and Poets: An Anthology. New York: Wittenborn, Shultz, 1951.

Motojiro, Akashi. Rakka ryusui: Colonel Akashi’s Report on His Secret Cooperation with the Russian Revolutionary Parties during the Russo-Japanese War. Translated [abridged] by Inaba Chiharu. Helsinki: Suomen Historiallinen Seura, 1988.

Mozokhin, O. VChK-OGPU, karaiushchii mech diktatury proletariat: na zashchite ekonoimicheskoi ezopasnosti gosudarstva i v bor’be s terrorizmom. Moscow: Iauza-Eksmo, 2004.

Mozokhin, Oleg, and Gladkov, Teodor. Menzhinskii: intelligent s Lubianki. Moscow: Iauza, 2005.

Mstislavskii, Sergei D. Five Days Which Transformed Russia. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1988.

———. Piat’ dnei: nachalo i konets Fevral’skoi revoliutsii, 2nd ed. Berlin: Z. I. Grzhebin, 1922.

Muller, Rolf-Dieter. Das Tor zur Weltmacht: Die Bedeutung der Sowjetunion fur die deutsche Wirtschafts—und Rustungspolitik zwischen den Weltkriegen. Boppard am Rhein: Harald Boldt, 1984.

Munck, J. L. The Kornilov Revolt: A Critical Examination of the Sources and Research. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 1987.

Munck, Ronaldo. The Difficult Dialogue: Marxism and Nationalism. London: Zed, 1986.

Murin, Iurii. “Eshche raz ob otstavkakh I. Stalina,” Rodina, 1994, no. 7: 72–3.

Murphy, George G. S. Soviet Mongolia: A Study of the Oldest Political Satellite. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.

Murphy, J. T. New Horizons. London: J. Lane, 1941.

Murtazin, M. L. Bashkiriia i bashkirskie voiska v grazhdanskuiu voinu. Moscow: Voennaia tipografiia upr. delami Narkomvoenmor i RVS, 1927.

Nabokov, V. D. Vremennoe pravitelstvo: vospominaniia. Moscow: Mir, 1924.

———. “Vremennoe pravitel’stvo,” in Arkhiv russkoi revoliutsii, ed. by Gessen, I: 9–96.

“Nachalo voiny 1914 g: podennaia zapis’ b. ministerstva innostrannykh del,” Krasnyi arkhiv, 1923, no. 4: 3–62.

Nad, Nikolai. “Kto ubil Mikhaila Frunze,” Izvestiia, October 26, 2010.

Nadezhdin, P. P. Kavkazskii krai: priroda i liudi, 2nd ed. Tula: E. I. Druzhinina, 1895.

Nadtocheev, Valerii. “‘Triumvirat’ ili ‘semerka’? Iz istorii vnutripartiinoi bor’by v 1924–1925 godakh,” in Trudnye voprosy istorii: poiski, razmyshleniia, novyi vzgliad na sobytiia i fakty, edited by V. V. Zuravlev. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1991.

Nafziger, Steven. “Communal Institutions, Resource Allocations, and Russian Economic Development, 1861–1905.” Phd diss., Yale University, 2006.

Naida, S. F. O nekotorykh voprosakh istorii grazhdanskoivoiny v SSSR. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1958.

Nаlbandian, Е. N. “‘Iskra’ i tipografiia ‘Nina’ v Baku,” Trudy Azerbaizhanskogo filiala IML pri TsK KPSS. Baku, 1960.

Namier, Lewis. “After Vienna and Versailles,” in Conflicts: Studies in Contemporary History, edited by Lewis Namier. London: Macmillan, 1942.

Na prieme u Stalina: tetradi (zhurnaly) zapiseĭ lits, priniatykh I.V. Stalinym: 1924–1953 gg. Moscow: Novyi khronograf, 2008.

Narskii, I. V. Zhizn’ v katastrofe: budni naseleniia Urala v 1917–1922 gg. Moscow: Rosspen, 2001.

Nash, Ian Hill. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance: The Diplomacy of Two Island Empires 1894–1907. London: Athlone, 1966; Curzon reprint, 2004.

Naumov, A. N. Iz utselevshikh vospominanii, 1868–1917, 2 vols. New York: A. K. Naumova and O. A. Kusevitskaia, 1954–5.

Naumov, V. and Kurin. L. “Leninskoe zaveshchanie,” in Urok daet istoriia, edited by V. Afanas’ev and G. Smirnov. Moscow: Politizdat, 1989.

Naumov, Vladimir. “1923 god: sud’ba leninskoi al’ternativy,” Kommunist, 1991, no. 5: 30–42.

Naville, Pierre. Trotsky vivant. París: Juillard, 1962.

Nazanskii, V. I. Krushenie velikoi Rossii i doma Romanovykh. Paris, 1930.

Nazarov, Mikhail. Missiia Russkoi emigratsii. Stavropol: Kavkazskii krai, 1992.

Nazarov, O. G. Stalin i bor’ba za liderstvo v bol’shevistkoi partii v usloviakh NEPa. Moscow: IVI RAN, 2002.

Neilson, Keith. Britain and the Last Tsar: British Policy and Russia, 1894– 1917. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.

———. Britain, Soviet Russia and the Collapse of the Versailles Order, 1919–1939. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

———. Strategy and Supply: The Anglo-Russian Alliance, 1914–1917. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1984.

Nekliudov, M. A. “Souvenirs diplomatiques: l’Entrevue de Bjoerkoe,” Revue des deux mondes, 44 (1918): 423–48.

Nenarokov, A. P. K edinstvu ravnykh: kul’turnye faktory ob”edinitel’nogo dvizheniia sovetskikh narodov, 1917–1924. Moscow: Nauka, 1991.

Nenarokov, Al’bert P., ed. Revvoensovet Respubliki, 6 sentiabria 1918 g.–28 avgusta 1923 g. Moscow: Politizdat, 1991.

“Neopublikovannye materialy iz biografii tov. Stalina,” Antireligioznik, 1939, no. 12: 17–21.

Nettl, J. P. Rosa Luxemburg. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966.

Neuberg, A. Armed Insurrection. London: NLB, 1970.

Nevskii, V. I. Doklad ot narodnogo kommissara putei soobshcheniia predesedateliu soveta narodnykh komissarov tov. Leninu. Moscow: Narkomput, 1919.

Newstad, E. R. W. “Components of Pessimism in Russian Conservative Thought, 1881–1905.” Phd diss., University of Oklahoma, 1991.

Newton, Lord Thomas. Lord Lansdowne: A Biography. London: Macmillan, 1929.

Nicolaevsky, Boris. Aseff: The Russian Judas. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1934.

Nicolson, Harold. King George V: His Life and Reign. London: Constable, 1952.

———. Peacemaking 1919: Being Reminiscences of the Paris Peace Conference. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1933.

Nielsen, Jes Peter, and Weil, Boris, eds. Russkaia revoliutsiia glazami Petrogradskogo chinovnika: dnevnik 1917—1918 g. Oslo: Reprosentralen Universitetet i Oslo Slavisk-Baltisk Institut, 1986.

Niessel, Henri A. Le triomphe des bolscheviks et la paix de Brest-Litovsk: Souvenirs, 1917–1918. Paris: Plon, 1940.

Nikoalevskii, Boris. Tainye stranitsy istorii, ed. by Iu. Fel’shtinskii. Moscow: Gumanitarnaia literatura, 1995.

Nikolaev, A. N. Chekisty: sbornik. Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 198.

Nikolaev, M. G. “Na puti k denezhnoi reforme 1922–1924 godov: chetyre arestov N. N. Kutlera,” Otechestvennaia istoriia, 2001, no. 1.

“Nikolai II—imperatritse Marii Fedeorovne, 12 ianvaria 1906,” Krasnaia nov’, 1927, tom 3 (22).

Nikolai-on [Danielson]. Ocherki nashego poreformennogo obshchestvennogo khoziaistva. St. Petersburg: A. Benke, 1893.

Nikol’skii, B. V. “Iz dnevnikov 1905 g.,” in Nikolai II. Vospominaniia. Dnevniki, edited by B. V. Anan’ich and R. Sh. Ganelin. St. Petersburg: D. Bulanin, 1994.

Nikonov, V. A. Molotov: molodost’. Moscow: Vagrius, 2005.

Nikulin, Lev. Zapiski sputnika. Leningrad: Izd. Pisatelei, 1932.

Nish, Ian. “The Clash of Two Continental Empires: the Land War Reconsidered,” in Rethinking the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–05, 2 vols, edited by Rotem Kowner. Folkstone: Global Oriental, 2007.

———. The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War. London: Longman, 1985.

Nolan, Mary. Visions of Modernity: American Business and the Modernization of Germany. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Nol´de, Boris. “Tseli i real’nost’ v velikoi voine,” in Dalekoe i blizkoe: istoricheskie ocherki. Paris: Sovremennye zapiski, 1930.

Nosovich, A. L. Krasnyi Tsaritsyn, vzgliad iznutri: zapiski belogo razvedchika. Moscow: AIRO-XXI, 2010.

———. Zapiski vakhmistra Nosovicha. Paris: self-published, 1967.

Nove, Alec. “The Peasants, Collectivization, and Mr. Carr,” Soviet Studies, 10/4 (1958–9): 384–9.

———. An Economic History of the USSR. London: Allen Lane, 1969.

———. The Soviet Economy: An Introduction, 2nd ed. New York: Praeger, 1969.

———. “Was Stalin Really Necessary?” Encounter, April 1962: 86–92.

———. Was Stalin Really Necessary? Some Problems of Soviet Political Economy. New York: Praeger, 1964.

Novitskaia, T. E. Uchreditel’noe sobra- nie, Rossiia, 1918: stenogrammy i drugie dokumenty. Moscow: Nedar, 1991.

Nowak K. F., ed. Die Aufzeichnungen des Generalmajors Max Hoffmann, 2 vols. Berlin: Kulturpolitik, 1929.

Nyamaa, D., ed. A Compilation of Some Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of the Mongolian People’s Republic. Ulaanbaatar: State Publishing House, 1964.

O’Brien, Phillips Payson. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1902–1922. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

Occleshaw, Michael. Dances in Deep Shadows: The Clandestine War in Russia, 1917–20. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2006.

O’Connor, Timothy. The Engineer of Revolution: L. B. Krasin and the Bolsheviks, 1870–1926. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992.

———. Diplomacy and Revolution: G. V. Chicherin and Soviet Foreign Affairs, 1918–1930. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1988.

Odet Eran, The Mezhdunarodniki. Ramat Gan: Turtledove Publishers, 1979.

Offer, Avner. “Going to War in 1914: a Matter of Honour?” Politics and Society, 23/2 (1995): 213–41.

———. The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.

Okorokov, A. Z. Oktiabr’ i krakh russkoi burzuazhnoi pressy. Moscow: Mysl’, 1970.

Oldenbourg, Serge, ed. Le coup d’etat bolcheviste, 20 octobre–3 decembre 1917. Paris: Payot, 1929.

Ol’denburg, Sergei S. Gosudar’ Imperator Nikolai II Aleksandrovich. Berlin: Stiag i fond po izdaniiu tsarskikh portretov, 1922.

———. Istoriia tsarstvovaniia Imperatora Nikolaia II 1894–1917, 2 vols. Belgrad: Obshchestvo rasprostraneniia russkoi natsional’noi i patrioticheskoi literatury, 1938.

———. Last Tsar: Nicholas II, His Reign, and His Russia, 4 vols. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1975–8.

Olekh, G. L. Povorot, kotorogo ne bylo. Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk universiteta, 1992.

Omissi, David. The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860–1940. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.

Oppenheim, Samuel A. “Between Right and Left: Grigorii Yakovlevich Sokolnikov and the Development of the Soviet State, 1921–1929,” Slavic Review, 48/4 (1989): 592–613.

Orakhelashvili, Mamia. Sergo Ordzhonikidze: biograficheskii ocherk. Leningrad: Partizdat, 1936.

Orde, Anne. British Policy and European Reconstruction after the First World War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Ordzhonikidze, G. K. Stat’i i rechi, 2 vols. Mosow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1956–7.

———. “Bor’ba s men’shevikami,” in Dvadtsat’ piat’ let bakinskoi organizatsii bol’shevikov. Baku: 1924.

Ordzhonokidze, Zinaida G. Put’ Bol’shevika: stranitsy iz zhizni G.k. Ordzhonikidze. Moscow: Politcheskaia literatura, 1956, 1967.

Orlov, Alexander. Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes. New York, Random House, 1953.

Orlov, Boris, “Mif o Fanni Kaplan,” Istochnik, 1993, no. 2: 70–1.

Orlova, M. I. Revoliutsionnyi krizis 1923 g. v Germanii i politika kommunistitcheskoi partii. Moscow: Moskovskii universitet, 1973.

Orlovsky, Daniel. “Corporatism or Democracy: The Russian Provisional Government of 1917,” in Landscaping the Human Garden: Twentieth Century Population Management in a Comparative Framework, edited by Amir Weiner. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.

———. “Political Clientelism in Russia: The Historical Perspective,” in Leadership Selection and Patron-Client Relations in the USSR and Yugoslavia, edited by T. H. Rigby and B. Harasymiw. London and Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1983.

———. “Reform During Revolution: Governing the provinces in 1917,” Reform in Russia and the USSR: Past and Prospects, edited by in Robert O. Crummey. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

———. “Russia in War and Revolution,” in Russia: A History, edited by Gregory Freeze. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997Osipova, T. V. Klassovaia bor’ba v derevene v period podgotovki i provedeniia oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii. Moscow: Nauka, 1974.

O’Rourke, Kevin, and Williamson, Jeffrey. Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1999.

Osinskii. “Glavnyi nedostatok,” in Prodovol’stvennaia politika v svete obshchego khoziaistvennogo stroitel’stva sovetskoi vlasti: sbornik materialov. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

Os’kin, D. P. Zapiski soldata. Moscow: Federatisia, 1929.Osklokov, E. N. Pobeda kolkhoznogo stroia v zernoykh raionakh Severnogo Kavkaza. Rostov-na-Donu: Rostovskii universitet, 1973.

Osorgin, M. A. Okhrannoe otdelenie i ego sekrety. Moscow: Griadushchee, 1917.

Ossendowski, Ferdinand. Beasts, Men, and Gods. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1922.

Ostal’tseva, Alevtina F. Anglo-russkoe soglashenie 1907 goda: vliianie russko-iaponskoi voiny i revoliutsii 1905–1907 godov na vneshniuiu politiku tsarizma i na peregruppirovku evropeiskikh derzhav. Saratov: Saratovskii universitet, 1977.

Ostrovskii, Aleksandr V. “Predki Stalin,” Genealogicheskii vestnik, no 1. 2001.

———. Kto stoial za spinoi Stalina? Moscow: Tsentropoligraf-Mim Delta, 2004. (Earlier edition, Olma 2002.)

Otchet 15 s”ezdu partii. Moscow: VKP (b), 1925.

Otchet Komissii TsIK SSSR po uvekovecheniiu pamiati V. I. Ul’ianova (Lenina). Moscow: TsIk SSSR, 1925.

Otchet po revizii Turkestankogo kraia. St. Petersburg: Senatskaia tip., 1910.

Ottokar (Theobald Otto Maria) Czernin von und zu Chudenitz, Graf. In the World War. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1920.

Ovsiannikov, A. A. Miusskaia ploshchad’, 6. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1987.

Owen, Launcelot A. The Russian Peasant Movement, 1906–1917. London: P. S. King & Son, 1937.

Paleologue, Maurice. An Ambassador’s Memoirs, 3 vols. Paris: Plon, 1921–2.

———. La Russie des Tsars pendant la grand guerre, 3 vols. Paris: Plon, 1921–2.

Palij, Michael. The Ukrainian-Polish Defensive Alliance, 1919–1921: An Aspect of the Ukrainian Revolution. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1995.

Pallot, Judith. Land Reform in Russia, 1906–1917: Peasant Responses to Stolypin’s Project of Rural Transformation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Palmer, James. Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia. New York: Basic Books, 2009.

Pankratova, A. N., et al., eds. Revoliutsiia 1905–1907 gg. v Rossii: Dokumenty i materialy, 5 vols. Moscow: Akademiia nauk, 1955–61.

Pantsov, Alexander. Tainaia istoriia sovetsko-kitaiskikh otnoshenii: bol’sheviki i kitaiskaia revolutsiia 1919–1927. Moscow: Muravei-Gaid, 2001. Translated as The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution, 1919–1927. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2000.

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States: Russia, 1918, 3 vols. Washington, D.C.: Department of State, 1931–2.

Papkov, Sergei. Obyknovenyi terror: politika Stalinizma v Sibiri. Moscow: Rosspen, 2012.

Paquet, Alfons. Im kommunistischen Russland: Briefe aus Moskau. Jena: E. Diederichs, 1919.

Pares, Bernard, ed. Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914–1916. Westport, CT: Hyperion, 1979.

———. My Russian Memoirs. London: J. Cape, 1931.

———. The Fall of the Russian Monarchy: A Study of Evidence. New York: Knopf, 1939.

Park, Alexander G. Bolshevism in Turkestan, 1917–1927. New York: Columbia University Press, 1957.

Parkadze, G. “Boevye bol’shevistskie druzhiny v Chiature v 1905 gody,” Rasskazy o Velikom Staline, kn. 2. Tblisi: Zaria vostoka, 1941.

Parrish, Michael. Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations, 1917–1990: A Biographical Dictionary and Review of Literature in English. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Parsons, J. W. R. “The Emergence and Development of the National Question in Georgia, 1801–1921.” Phd diss., University of Glasgow, 1987.

Pashukanis, S., ed. “K istorii anglo-russkogo soglasheniia 1907 g.,” Krasnyi arkhiv, 69–70 (1935): 3–39.

Patenaude, Bertrand. A Wealth of Ideas: Revelations from the Hoover Institution Archives. Stanford, CA: Stanford General Books, 2006.

———. Stalin’s Nemesis: The Exile and Murder of Leon Trotsky. London: Faber and Faber, 2009.

———. The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002.

Paustovskii, Konstantin. Povest’ o zhizni. Moscow: Sovremennyi pistael’, 1993, 1966–7.

Paustovsky, Konstantin. The Story of a Life. New York: Pantheon Books, 1967.

Pavel Sudoplatov, Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness, a Soviet Spymaster. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994.

Pavlovsky, George. Agricultural Russia on the Eve of the Revolution. London: G Routledge and Sons, 1930.

Pavliuchenkov, Sergei A. “Orden mechenostsev”: Partiia i vlast posle revoliutsii 1917–1929. Moscow: Sobranie, 2008.

———. Krest’ianskii Brest, ili predystoriia bol’shevistskogo NEPa. Moscow: Russkoe knigoizdatel’skoe t-vo, 1996.

———. Rossiia Nepovskaia. Moscow: Novyi khronograf, 2002.

Pavlov, A. A., ed. Chekisty: sbornik dokumental’nykh rasskazov i povesti. Gorky: Volgo-Vyatskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo, 1968.

Pavlova, Irina V. “Mekhanizm politicheskoi vlasti v SSSR v 20–30-e gody,” Voprosy istorii, 1998, no. 11–12: 49–66.

———. “Poezdka Stalina v Sibir’: pochemu v Sibir’?” Eko, 1995, no. 2.

———. Stalinizm: Stanovlenie mekhanizma vlasti. Novosibirsk: Sibirskii khronograf, 1993.

Pavlovich, M. “SSSR i vostok,” Revoliutsionnyi vostok. Moscow-Leningrad, 1927.

Payne, Robert. The Rise and Fall of Stalin. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965.

Pearce, Brian. How Haig Saved Lenin. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.

Pearce, Cyril. Comrades in Conscience: The Story of an English Community’s Opposition to the Great War. London: Francis Boutle, 2001.

Pearson, Raymond. The Russian Moderates and the Crisis of Tsarism, 1914–1917. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1977.

Pedroncini, Guy. Les mutineries de 1917, 2nd ed. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, Presse Universitaires de France, 1983.

Pegov, A. M., et al. Imena moskovskikh ulits. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1979.

Penner, D’Ann R. “Stalin and the Ital’ianka of 1932–1933 in the Don Region,” Cahiers du monde russe, 39/1–2 (1998): 27–67.

Pentkovskaia, V. V. “Rol’ V. I. Lenina v obrazovanii SSSR,” Voprosy istorii, 1956, no. 3: 13–24.

Peregudova, Z. I. “Deitel’nost komissii Vremennogo pravtitel’stva i sovetskikh arkhivov po raskrytiiu sekretnoi agentury tsarskoi okhranki,” Otechestvennye arkhivy, no. 5 (1998): 10–22.

———. Politicheskii sysk Rossii, 1880–1917. Moscow, 2000.

Pereira, Norman G. O. White Siberia: The Politics of Civil War. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996.

Perepiska sekretariata TsK RSDRP (b) s mestnymi partiinymi organizatsiiamii: sbornik dokumentov, 8 vols. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1957–74.

Perepiska V. I. Lenina i rukovodimykh im uchrezhdenii s partiinymi organizatsiiami, 1903–1905 gg. Moscow, 1975.

Perlmutter, Amos. Modern Authoritarianism: A Comparative Institutional Analysis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981.

Perrie, Maureen. “Food Supply in a Time of Troubles: Grain Procurement and the Russian Revolution,” Peasant Studies, 17/3 (1990): 217–25.

———. “The Russian Peasant Movement of 1905–1907: Its Social Composition and Revolutionary Significance,” Past and Present, 57 (1972): 123–55.

———. The Agrarian Policy of the Russian Socialist-Revolution Party: From its Origins through the Revolution of 1905–1907. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Pershin, D. P., ed. Baron Ungern: Urga i Altan-Bulak. Samatra: Agni, 1999.

Pershin, P. N. Uchastkovoe zemlepol’zovanie Rossii: khutora i otruba, ikh rasprostranenie za desiatiletie 1907–1911 gg. i sud’by vo vremia revoliutsii (1917–1920 gg.). Moscow: Novaia derevnia, 1922.

Pervaia vseobshchaia perepis’ naseleniia Rossiiskoi imperii, 1897 g., LXIX (Tiflisskaia guberniia). St. Petersburg: Tsentral’nyi statisticheskii komitet MVD, 1905.

Pervyi kongress Kominterna mart 1919 g. Moscow: Partizdat, 1933.

Pervyi legal’nyi Peterburgskii komitet bol’shevikov v 1917 godu: sbornik materialov i protokolov zasedanii. Moscow and Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1927.

Pervyi s”ezd narodov vostoka, Baku, 1–8 sentiabria, 1920 g.: stenograficheskie otchety. Petrograd: Kommunisticheskii internatsional, 1920.

Peskova, G. N. “Diplomaticheskie otnosheniia mezhdu SSSR i Kitaem, 1924–1929 gg.,” Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, 1998, no. 1, 2.

———. “Stanovleniie diplomaticheskikh otnoshenii mezhdu Sovetskoi Rossiiei i Kitaem, 1917–1924 gg.,” Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, 1997, no. 4: 105–34, 1998, no 1: 106–19, no. 2: 66–88.

Pestkovskii, S. S. “Ob oktiabr’skie dniakh v Pitere,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1922, no. 10: 94–104.

———. “Vospominaniia o rabote v Narkmonatse,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1930, no. 6: 124–31.

Peters, [Ia]. “Vospominaniia o rabote VChK v pervyi gody revoliutsii,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1924, no. 10 (33): 5–32.

Peterson, Claes. Peter the Great’s Administrative and Judicial Reforms: Swedish Antecedents and the Process of Reception. Stockholm: A.-B/ Nordiska Bokhandeln, 1979.

Pethybridge, Roger. One Step Backwards, Two Steps Forward: Soviet Society and Politics in the New Economic Policy. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.

———. The Spread of the Russian Revolution: Essays on 1917. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1972.

Petrogradskaia obshchegorodskaia konferentsiia RSDRP (bol’shevikov), aprel’ 1917 goda: protokoly. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1958.

Petrov, Iurii P. Partiinoe stroitel’stvo v Sovetskoi armii i flote: deiatel’nost’ KPSS po sozdaniiu i ukrepleniiu politorganov, partiinykh i komsomolskikh organizatsii v vooruzhennykh silakh (1918–1961 gg.). Moscow: Voenizdat, 1964.

Petrov, Nikolai. 50 i 500. Moscow: Vserossiiskoe teatral’noe obshchestvo, 1960.

Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the Development of Germany, 2nd ed., 3 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.

Piaskovskii, A. B., ed. Vosstanie 1916 goda v Srednei Azii i Kazakhstane: sbornik dokumentov. Moscow: Akademiia Nauk, 1960.

Piat’ let vlasti Sovetov. Moscow: TSIK, 1922.

Pietsch, Walter. Revolution und Staat: Institutionen als Trager der Macht in Sowjetrussland 1917–1922. Cologne: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1969.

Pikhoia, R. G., and Zelenov, M.V., eds. I. V. Stalin: istoricheskaia ideologiia v SSSR v 1920–1950-e gody: perepiska s istorikami, stat’i i zametki po istorii, stenogrammy vystuplenii. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov. St. Petersburg: Nauka-Piter, 2006.

Pilenko, Aleksandr, ed. At the Court of the Last Tsar; Being the Memoirs of A. A. Mossolov, Head of the Court Chancellery, 1900–1916. London: Methuen, 1935.

Pil’skii, P. M. “Pervoe dekabrai,” in Baltiiskii arkhiv: russkaia kul’tura v Pribal’tike, edited by Irina Belobrovtseva, et al. Tallinn: Avenarius, 1996.

Piontkowski, S. Grazhdanskaia voina v Rossii: khrestomatiia. Moscow: Kommunisticheskii universitet im. Ia. M. Sverdlova, 1925.

Piłsudski, Josef. Year 1920. New York: Piłsudski Institute of New York, 1972.

Piotrovskii, Adrian. Za sovetskii teatr! Leningrad: Academiia, 1925.

Pipes, Richard. “The First Experiment in Soviet Nationality Policy: the Bashkir Republic, 1917–1920,” Russian Review, 9/4 (1950): 303–9.

———. Peter Struve, 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970, 1980.

———. Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime. New York: Knopf, 1994.

———. The Degaev Affair: Terror and Treason in Tsarist Russia. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2003.

———. The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917–1923. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.

———. The Russian Revolution. New York: Knopf, 1990.

Pipes, Richard, ed. The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.

———. Revolutionary Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968.

Pirani, Simon. The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920–24: Soviet Workers and the New Communist Elite. London: Routledge, 2008.

Pitcher, Harvey J. Witnesses of the Russian Revolution. London: John Murray, 1994.

Pittaluga, Giovanni B. “The Genoa Conference: Was it Really a Failure?” Found at http://dev3.cepr.org/meets/wkcn/1/1671/papers/The_Genoa_Conference_finale.pdf.

Platova, E. E. Zhizn’ studenchestva Rossii v perekhodnuiu epokhu, 1921–1927 gg. St. Petersburg: SPbGUAP SPbGU, 2001.

Platten, Fritz. Die Reise Lenins durch Deutschland in plombierten Wagen. Berlin, 1924.

Plekhanov, A. A., and Plekhanov, A. M. Zheleznyi Feliks: Belye piatna v biografii chekista. Moscow: Olma, 2010.

———, eds. F. E. Dzerzhinskii—predsedatel’ VChK-OGPU: sbornik dokumentov, 1917–1926. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyi fond Demokratiia, 2007.

Plekhanov, A. M. VChK-OGPU v gody novoi ekonomicheskoi politiki 1921–1928. Moscow: Kuchkovo pole, 2006.

———. VChK-OGPU, 1921–1928. Moscow: X-History, 2003.

Plekhanov, Aleksandr. Dzerzhinskii: Pervyi chekist Rossii. Moscow: Olma, 2007.

Pobeda oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii v Uzbekistane: sbornik dokumentov, 2 vols. Tashkent: Fan, 1963–72.

Podbolotov, Sergei. “Monarchists Against their Monarch: The Rightists’ Criticism of Tsar Nicholas II,” Russian History, 31/1–2 (2004): 105–20.

“Podpol’naia titpografiia ‘Iskra’ v Baku (Materialy Vano Sturua),” in Iz proshlogo: Stat’i i vospominaniia iz istorii Bakinskoi organizatsii i rabochego dvizheniia v Baku. Baku: Bakinskii rabochii, 1923.

Podvoiskii, N. I. Krasnaia gvardiia v oktiabr’skie dni. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1927.

Poezdka v Sibir’ i povol’zhe: zapiska P. A. Stolypina i A. V. Kriosvehina. St. Petersburg: A. S. Suvorin, 1911.

Pogerelskin, Alexis. “Kamenev in Rome,” The NEP Era: Soviet Russia, 1921–1928, 1 (2007): 101–81.

Pogrebinskii, A. P. “Voenno-promyshlennye komitety,” Istoricheskie zapiski, 11 (1941): 160–200.

———. Ocherki istorii finansov dorevoliutsionnoi Rossii, XIX-XX vv. Moscow: Gosfinizdat, 1954.

Pokhlebkin, V. V. Velikii psevdonim. Moscow: Iudit, 1996.

Pokrovskii, M., and Gelis, I. R., eds. “Politcheskoe polozhenie Rossii nakanune fevral’skoi revoliutsii v zhandarmskom osveshchenii,” Krasnyi arkhiv, 17 (1926): 3–35.

Pokrovskii, M. N., and Iakovlev, Ia. A., eds. Gosudarstvennoe soveshchanie. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1930.

Pokrovsky, M. N. A Brief History of Russia, 2 vols. London: Martin Lawrence, 1933.

Polan, A. J. Lenin and the End of Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon, 1957.

Poletaev, V. E. et al. Revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie v Rossii: aprel’skii krizis. Moscow: Akademiia nauk, 1958.

Polikarenko, I. E., ed. O Felikse Edmundoviche Dzerzhinskom: vospominaniia, stat’i, ocherki sovremennikov. Moscow: Politiizdat, 1977.

Politicheskii dnevnik, 1964–1970. Amsterdam: Fond Imeni Gertsena, 1972.

Politika Sovetskoi vlasti po natsional’nym delam za tri goda. 1917–1920 gg. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

Polivanov, A. A. Iz dnevnikov i vospominanii po dolzhnosti voennogo ministra i ego pomoshchnikov, 1907–1916 gg. Moscow: Vysshii voen. redaktsionnyi sovet, 1924.

Pollock, Troy E. Creating the Russian Peril: Education, the Public Sphere, and National Identity in Imperial Germany, 1890–1914. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2010.

Pol’ner, T. I. Zhiznennyi put’ kniazia Georgiia Evgenevicha L’vova. Paris: [s.n.], 1932; Moscow: Russkii put’, 2001.

Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii, series 3. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia II Otdieleniia Sobstvennoi Ego Imperatorskago Velichestva Kantseliarii, 1830–1916.

Polovtsoff, Peter A. Glory and Downfall: Reminiscences of a Russian General Staff Officer. London: G. Bell, 1935.

Polovtsov, A. A. Dvenik gosudarstvennogo sekretaria, P. A. Zaionchkovskii, ed. 2 vols. Moscow: Nauka, 1966.

Pope, Arthur. Maksim Litvinoff. New York: I. B. Fischer, 1943.

Popoff, George. The Tcheka: The Red Inquisition. London: A. M. Philpot, 1925.

Popov, М. А. Rubtsovsk 1892–2000: istoricheskie ocherki. Rubtsovsk: [s.n.], 2004.

Popov, Nikolai. Outline History of the C.P.S.U., 2 vols. New York, International Publishers, 1934.

Pospelov et al., Petr N. Vladimir Il’ich Lenin; biografiiia. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1960, 1963.

Pozhigailo, P. A., ed. P. A. Stolypin –programma reform: dokumenty i materialy, 2 vols. Moscow: Rosspen, 2003.

Pravilova, Ekaterina. Zakonnost’ i prava lichnosti: administrativnaia iustitsiia v Rossii, vtoraia polovina 19 veka—oktiabr’ 1917. St. Petersburg: Obrazovanie-Kultura, 2000.

Preobrazhenskii, Evgenii. Bumazhnye den’gi v epokhu proletarskoi diktatury. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

Pribytkov, Viktor. Apparat. St. Petersburg: VIS, 1995.

Price, M. Philips. My Reminiscences of the Russian Revolution. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1921.

Price, Morgan Philips, and Rose, Tania, eds. Dispatches from the Revolution: Russia 1916–1918. London and Chicago: Pluto, 1997.

Prior, Robin, and Wilson, Trevor. The Somme. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.

Prishvin, Mikhail M. Dnevniki, 11 vols. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1991–2012.

Proceedings of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Conference [electronic resource]: the peace negotiations between Russia and the Central Powers 21 November, 1917–3 March, 1918. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1918.

Prokofiev, Sergei. Soviet Diary 1927 and Other Writings. London: Faber and Faber, 1991.

Protasov, L. G. Vserossiiskoe Uchreditol’noe Sobranie: istoriia rozhdeniia i gibeli. Moscow: Rosspen, 1997.

Protokoly Tsentral’nogo komiteta RSDRP (b), Avgust 1917 g.—fevral’ 1918 g. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1929. Moscow: Poiticheskaia literature, 1958.

Protokoly zasedanii Vserossiiskogo Tsentral’nogo Ispolnitel’nogo Komiteta V-go sozyva: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: VTsIK, 1919.

Protokoly zasedaniia VTsIK Sovetov rabochikh, soldatskikh, krest’ianskikh i kazach’ikh deputatov II sozyva. Moscow: VTsIK, 1918.

Psurtsev, N. D. Razvitie sviazi v SSSR. Moscow: Sviaz’, 1967.

Purishkevich, V. M. Bez zabrala: otkrytoe pis’mo bol’shevikam Soveta Petrogradskikh rabochikh deputatov. Harbin: Bergut, syn i ko., 1917.

———. Vpered! Pod dvukhtsvetnym flagom (Otkrytoe pis’mo russkomu obshchesvtu). Petrograd, 1917.

Putintsev, N. D. “Statisticheskii ocherk Tomskoi gubernii,” Otchet po kommandovaniiu predsedatelia ot voennogo ministerstva v ekspeditsiiu dlia izyskaniia Zapadno-Sibirskoi Zheleznoi dorogi. Samara, 1892.

Putna, Vitovt. K Visle i obratno. Moscow: Voennyi vestnik, 1927.

Rabinowitch, Alexander. “Dos’e Shchastnogo: Trotskii i delo geroia Baltiiskogo flota,” Otechestvennaia istoriia, 2001, no. 1: 61–81.

———. “Maria Spiridonova’s ‘Last Testament’,” Russian Review, 54/3 (1995): 424–44.

———. Prelude to Revolution: The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968.

———. The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976.

———. The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.

Radek, Karl. Vneshniaia politika sovetskoi Rossii. Moscow-Petrograd: Gosizdat, 1923.

———. Voina pol’skikh belogvardeitsev protiv Sovetskoi Rossii (Doklad na sobranii agitatorov Moskovskikh organizatsii komunisticheskoi partii 8 maia 1920 g.) Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

Radkey, Oliver H. Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1968.

———. Russia Goes to the Polls: The Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.

———. The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.

———. Unknown Civil War in Soviet Russia: A Study of the Green Movement in the Tambov Region, 1920–1921. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1976.

Radzinskii, Edvard. Ubiistvo tsarskoi sem’i. Moscow: Novosti, 1991. Translated as The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Radzinsky, Edvard. Stalin: The First In-depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia’s Secret Archives. New York: Doubleday, 1997.

———. The Rasputin File. New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2006.

Raeff, Marc. Understanding Imperial Russia. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.

———. “Some Reflections on Russian Liberalism,” Russian Review, 18/3 (1959): 218–30.

———. “The Bureaucratic Phenomenon of Imperial Russia, 1700–1905,” American Historical Review, 84/2 (1979): 399–411 (esp. 405–6).

———. “The Russian Autocracy and its Officials,” Harvard Slavic Studies, 4 (1957): 77–91.

Rakh’ia, Eino. “Poslednoe podpol’e Vladmira Il’icha,” Krasnaia letopis’, 1934, no. 1 (58): 79–90.

———. “Moi predoktiabr’skie i posleoktiabr’skie vstrechi s Leninym,” Novyi mir, 1934, no. 1:24–39.

Rakovskii, Kh. Kniaz’ Metternikh: ego zhizn’ i politicheskaia deiatel’nost’. St. Petersburg: Iu.N. Erlikh, 1905.

Raleigh, Donald J. “Revolutionary Politics in Provincial Russia: the Tsaritsyn ‘Republic’ in 1917,” Slavic Review, 40/2 (1981): 194–209.

———. Experiencing Russia’s Civil War: Politics, Society, and Revolutionary Culture in Saratov, 1917–22. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.

———. Revolution on the Volga: 1917 in Saratov. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984.

———, ed. Provincial Landscapes: Local Dimensions of Soviet Power, 1917–1953. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburg Press, 2002.

Randolph, John. The House in the Garden: The Bakunin Family and the Romance of Russian Idealism. Ithaca: Cornell, 2007.

Rank, Otto. The Trauma of Birth. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929, 1973.

Ransel, David. “Character and Style of Patron-Client Relations in Russia,” in Klientelsysteme im Europa der Fruhen Neuzeit, edited by Antoni Maczak. Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1988.

Ransome, Arthur. Russia in 1919. New York: B. W. Heutsch, 1919.

Rapoport, V. N., and Geller, Iu. Izmena rodine. Moscow: Pik strelets, 1995.

Rappaport, Helen. The Last Days of the Romanovs: Tragedy at Ekaterinburg. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2009.

Raskol’nikov, F. F. “V iiul’skie dni,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1923, no. 5: 53–101.

———. Krosnshtadt i piter v 1917 godu. Moscow and Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1925.

———. Na boevykh postakh. Moscow: Voerilzdat, 1964

———. Rasskazy michmana Il’ina. Moscow: Sovetskaia literatura, 1934.

———. “V tiur’me Kerenskogo,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1923, no. 10 (22): 150–2.

Ravich-Cherkasskii, M. Istoriia kommunisticheskoi partii (bol’shevikov) Ukrainy. Kharkov: Gosizdat Ukrainy, 1923.

Rawson, Don C. Russian Rightists and the Revolution of 1905. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Rawson, Donald. “The Death Penalty in Tsarist Russia: An Investigation of Judicial Procedures,” Russian History, 11/1 (1984): 29–52.

Rayfield, Donald. “Stalin as Poet,” PN Review, 41 (1984): 44–7.

———. Stalin and His Hangmen: An Authoritative Portrait of a Tyrant and Those who Served Him. New York: Viking, 2004.

———. The Literature of Georgia: A History, 3rd ed. London: Gannett, 2010.

———. The Literature of Georgia: A History. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.

Reed, John. Ten Days That Shook the World. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1919. New York: Vintage, 1960.

Rees, E. A. “Iron Lazar”: A Political Biography of Lazar Kaganovich. London and New York: Anthem Press, 2012.

———. “Stalin, the Politburo, and Rail Transport Policy,” in Soviet History 1917–1953: Essays in Honour of R. W. Davies, edited by Julian Cooper, Maureen Perrie, and E. A. Rees. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.

———. State Control in Soviet Russia: The Rise and Fall of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, 1920–1934 (1987)

Rei, August. The Drama of the Baltic Peoples. Stockholm: Kirjaustus Vaba Eesti, 1970.

Reichenbach, Bernard. “Moscow 1921: Meetings in the Kremlin,” Survey, 53 (1964): 16–22.

Reiss, Tom. The Orientalist. New York: Random House, 2005.

Reissner, Larisa. Oktober, ausgewählte Schriften. Berlin: Neuer deutscher Verlag, 1927.

Remak, Joachim. Sarajevo: The Story of a Political Murder. New York: Criterion, 1959.

Remington, Thomas. “Institution Building in Bolshevik Russia: The Case of ‘State Kontrol’,” Slavic Review, 41/1 (1982): 91–103.

Remnev, Anatolii V. Samoderzhavnoe pravitel’stvo: komitet ministrov v sisteme vyshshego upravleniia Rossiiskoi imperii (vtoraia polovina XIX-nachalo XX veka). Moscow: Rosspen, 2010.

Rendle, Matthew. Defenders of the Motherland: The Tsarist Elite in Revolutionary Russia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Reshetar, John. The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1920. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952.

———. “Lenin on the Ukraine,” Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the United States, 9/1–2 (1961): 3–11.

Resolutions and Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 5 vols. Toronto and Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press, 1974.

Reswick, William. I Dreamt Revolution. Chicago: H. Regnery Co., 1952.

Rezanov, A. S. Shturmovoi signal P. N. Miliukova: s prilozheniem pol’nago teksta rechi, proiznesennoi Miliukovym v zasiedanii Gosudarstvennoi Dumy 1 noiabria 1916 g. Paris: self-published, 1924.

Reznik, Aleksandr V. Trotzkizm i levaia oppozitsiia v RKP (b) v 1923–1924 gody. Moscow: Svobodnoe maksistskoe izdatel’stvo, 2010.

Rezoliutsii i postanovleniia pervoi Vsesoiuznoi konferentsii obshchestva starykh bol’shevikov (25–28 ianv. 1931). Moscow, 1931.

Riabushinskii, V. P., ed., Velikaia Rossiia, 2 vols. Moscow: P. P. Riabushinkii, 1911

Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. “The Emergence of Eurasianism,” California Slavic Studies 4 (1967): 39–72.

———. The Teaching of Charles Fourier. Berkeley: University of California, 1969.

Riddell, John, ed. and trans. Workers of the World and Oppressed Peoples, Unite!: Proceedings and Documents of the Second Congress, 1920, 2 vols. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1991.

———, ed. Founding the Communist International: Proceedings and Documents of the First Congress, March 1919. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1987.

———. To See the Dawn: Baku 1920—First Congress of the Peoples of the East. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1993.

Rieber, Alfred, ed. The Politics of Autocracy: Letters of Alexander II to Prince A. I. Bariatinskii, 1857–1864. Paris: Mouton, 1966.

Rieber, Alfred J. “Stalin: Man of the Borderlands,” American Historical Review, 106/5 (2001): 1651–91.

———. “Alexander II: A Revisionist View,” Journal of Modern History, 43/1 (1971), 42–58.

———. “Persistent Factors in Russian Foreign Policy: An Interpretive Essay,” in Imperial Russian Foreign Policy, edited by Hugh Ragsdale. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1993.

———. “Stalin as Foreign Policy Maker: Avoiding War, 1927–1953,” in Stalin: A New History, Davies and Harris, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, 140–58.

———. “Stalin as Georgian: The Formative Years,” in Stalin: A New History, Davies and Harris, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, 18–44.

Rigby, T. H. “Birth of the Central Soviet Bureaucracy,” Politics [Sydney], 7/2 (1972): 121–135.

———. “Early Provincial Cliques and the Rise of Stalin,” Soviet Studies, 33/1 (1981): 3–28.

———. “Staffing USSR Incorporated: The Origins of the Nomenklatura System,” Soviet Studies, 40/4 (1988): 523–37.

———. “The First Proletarian Government,” British Journal of Political Science, 4/1 (1974): 37–51.

———. “The Origins of the Nomenklatura System,” in Felder und Vorfelder russischer Geschichte, edited by Inge Auerbach, et al. Freiburg (im Breisgau): Rombach, 1985.

———. “The Soviet Political Elite, 1917–1922,” British Journal of Political Science, 1/4 (1971): 415–36.

———. “Was Stalin a Disloyal Patron?” Soviet Studies, 38/3 (1986): 311–24.

———. Communist Party Membership in the U.S.S.R., 1917–1967. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968.

———. Lenin’s Government: Sovnarkom, 1917–1922. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

———, et al., eds. Authority, Power, and Policy in the USSR: Essays Dedicated to Leonard Schapiro. London: Macmillan, 1980.

Riha, Thomas. A Russian European: Miliukov. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1969.

Rikhter, Zinaida. Kavkaz nashikh dnei. Moscow: Zhizn’ i znanie, 1924.

Robbins, Jr., Richard G. “Choosing the Russian Governors: The Professionalization of the Gubernatorial Corps,” Slavonic and East European Review, 58 (1980): 541–60.

———. The Tsar’s Viceroys: Russian Provincial Governors in the Last Years of the Empire. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.

Robertson, D. H. “A Narrative of the General Strike of 1926,” Economic Journal, 36 (1926): 375–93.

Robinson, Geroid T. Rural Russia under the Old Regime. New York: Columbia University Press, 1934.

Robson, Roy P. Solovki: The Story of Russia Told Through its Most Remarkable Islands. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.

Rodzianko, M. V. Krushenie imperii. Leningrad: Priboi, 1929.

———. Reign of Rasputin: An Empire’s Collapse. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1973.

Rodzyanko, Mikhail V. The Reign of Rasputin. London: Philpot, 1927.

Rogachevskaia, L. S. Likvidatsiia bezrabotitsy v SSSR 1917–1930 gg. Moscow: Nauka, 1973.

Rogger, Hans. “Russia in 1914,” Journal of Contemporary History, 1/4 (1966): 95–120.

———. “Russia,” in The European Right: A Historical Profile, edited by Hans Rogger and Eugen Weber. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.

———. “The Formation of the Russian Right: 1900–1906,” in California Slavic Studies, III, edited by Nicholas Riasanovsky and Gleb Struve. Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1964.

———. “Was There a Russian Fascism? The Union of Russian People,” Journal of Modern History, 36/4 (1964): 398–415.

———. Russia in the Age of Modernization 1881–1917. London and New York: Longman, 1983.

———. Jewish Policies and Right-Wing Politics in Imperial Russia. London: Macmillan, 1986

Rohl, John C. G., and Sombart, Nicolaus, eds. Kaiser Wilhelm II, New Interpretations: The Corfu Papers. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Rolf, Matte. Sovetskie massovy prazdniki. Moscow: Rosspen, 2009.

Rollin, Henri. L’apocalypse de notre temps: les dessous de la propagande allemande d’apres des documents inedits. Paris: Gallimard, 1939.

Romano, Andrea. “Permanent War Scare: Mobilization, Militarization, and Peasant War,” in Russia in the Age of Wars, 1914–1945, edited by Andrea Romano and Silvio Pons. Milan: Feltrinelli, 2000.

Romanov, B. A. “Rezentsiia: Graf S. Iu. Vitte, Vospominaniia tsarstvovaniia Nikolaia II,” Kniga i revoliutsiia: ezhemesiachnyi kritiko-bibliograficheskii zhurnal, 1923, no. 2 (26): 54–6:

———. Rossiia v Man’chzhurii 1892–1906. Leningrad: Institut Dal’nego vostoka, 1928.

Ronaldshay, Earl of. The Life of Lord Curzon: Being the Authorized Biography of George Nathtaniel, Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, K. G, 3 vols. London: Ernest Benn, 1928.

Ropponen, Risto. Die Kraft Russlands. Helsinki: Historiallisia tutkimiksia, 1968.

Rorlich, Azade-Ayşe. The Volga Tatars: a Profile in National Resilience. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1986.

Rose, Kenneth. King George V. New York: Random House, 1984.

Rosenbaum, Kurt. “The German Involvement in the Shakhty Trial,” Russian Review, 26 (1962): 238–60.

———. Community of Fate: German-Soviet Diplomatic Relations, 1922–1928. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1965.

Rosenberg, Alfred. Der jüdische Bolschewismus. [s.l.] [s.n.], 1921.

Rosenberg, William G. “Representing Workers and the Liberal Narrative of Modernity,” Slavic Review, 55/2 (1996): 245–69.

———. Liberals in the Russian Revolution: The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917–1921. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974.

Rosenfeldt, Nils Erik. Knowledge and Power: The Role of Stalin’s Secret Chancellery in the Soviet System of Government. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1978.

———. Stalin’s Special Departments: A Comparative Analysis of Key Sources. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels Forlag, 1989.

———. The “Special” World: Stalin’s Power Apparatus and the Soviet System’s Secret Structures of Communication System, 2 vols. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2009.

Roshchin, S. K. Politicheskaia istoriia Mongolii, 1921–1940 gg. Moscow: Institut vostokovedeniia RAN, 1999.

Roshwald, Aviel. Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, 1914–1923. London and New York: Routledge, 2001.

Rosmer, Alfred. Moscou sous Lenine. Paris: Pierre Horay, 1953.

Rossiia: entsiklopedicheskii slovar’. St. Petersburg: Brokgauz i Efron, 1898.

Rossiia v mirovoi voine 1914–1918 (v tsifrakh). Moscow: Tip. M.K. Kh. imeni F. Ia. Lavrova, 1925.

Rossiiskaia Sotisalisticheskaia Federativnaia Sovetskaia Respublika i Gruzinskaia demokraticheskia respublika, ikh vzaimootnoshenii. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1922.

Rostunov, I. I. General Brusilov. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1964.

———. Russkii front pervoi mirovoi voiny. Moscow: Nauka, 1976.

Rothschild, Joseph. East Central Europe Between the World Wars. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1974.

———. Piłsudski’s Coup d’Etat. New York: Colombia University Press, 1966.

Rozhkov, A. “Internatsional durakov,” Rodina, 1999, no. 12: 61–66.

Rubakin, N. A. Rossiia v tsifrakh. St. Petersburg, 1912

Rubtsov, Iurii. Iz-za spiny vozhdia: politicheskaia i voennaia deiatel’nost’ L.Z. Mekhlisa. Moscow: Ritm Esteit, 2003.

———. Marshaly Stalina. Moscow: Feniks, 2002.

Rubtsov, V. I. “Voenno-politcheskaia deiatel’nost’ G. Ia. Sokol’nikova, 1917–1920 gg.,” kandidatskaia dissertatsiia, Moscow, 1991.

Ruge, Wolfgang. Die Stellungnahme der Sowjetunion gegen die Besetzung des Ruhrgebiets: zur Geschichte der deutsch-sowjetischen Beziehungen von Januar bis September 1923. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1962.

Runciman, W. Leslie. “The World Economic Conference at Geneva,” Economic Journal, 37 (1927): 465–72.

Rupen, Robert. How Mongolia is Really Ruled—A Political History of the Mongolian People’s Republic 1900–1978. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1979.

———. Mongols of the Twentieth Century, 2 vols. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964.

Rusanova, I. B. “I. P. Tovstukha: k 80-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia,” Voprosy istorii KPSS, 1969, no. 4: 128–30.

Russell, Bertrand. Justice in War Time. Chicago: Open Court, 1916.

———. The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920.

Russky, N. S. “An Account of the Tsar’s Abdication,” Current History, 7/2 (1917): 262–4.

Rutherford, Ward. The Tsar’s War, 1914–1917: The Story of the Imperial Russian Army in the First World War, rev. ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Ian Faulkner, 1992.

Rutych, Nikolai N. Belyi front generala Iudenicha: biografii chinov Severo-Zapadnoi armii. Moscow: Russkii put’, 2002.

Ruud, Charles A., and Stepanov, Sergei A. Fontanka 16: The Tsars’ Secret Police. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University, 1999.

Rykov, A. I. Angliia i SSSR: doklad na plenume Moskovskogo soveta 1 iiunia 1927 g. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1927

———. Izbrannye proizvedenniia. Moscow: Ekonomika, 1990.

———. Ten Years of Soviet Rule: An Economic, Social and Political Survey of the Soviet Government’s Achievements from 1917 to 1927. London: National Committee of Friends of Soviet Russia by the Labour Research Dept, 1928.

Saar, Juhan (Eduard Laaman). Le 1-er décembre 1924: l’échec du coup d’état tenté par les communistes à Tallinn (Esthonie). Tallinn: Walwur, 1925.

Sadikov, P., ed. “K istorii poslednikh dnei tsarskogo rezhima (1916–1917 gg.),” Krasnyi arkhiv, 14 (1926): 227–49.

Sadoul, Jacques. “La Fondation de la Troisieme international,” La Correspondance international, 4/17 (March 12, 1924).

———. Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919. Paris: Éditions de la Sirene, 1919.

Safarov, Georgii I. Kolonial’naia revoliutsiia: opyt Turkestana. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1921.

Sagan, Scott D. “1914 Revisited: Allies, Offense, and Instability,” International Security, 11/2 (1986): 151–76.

Sakharov, Valentin A. Na rasput’e: diskussiia po voprosam perspektiv i putei razvitiia sovetskogo obshchestva, 1921–1929. Moscow: Akva-Term, 2012.

———. Politicheskoe zaveshchanie Lenina: real’nost’ istorii i mify politiki. Moscow: Moskovskii universitet, 2003.

Sakwa, Richard. “The Commune State in Moscow in 1918,” Slavic Review, 46/3–4 (1987): 429–49.

———. Soviet Communists in Power: A Study of Moscow During the Civil War, 1918–21. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.

Sal’ko, S. V. “Kratkii otchet o deiatel’nosti Glavnogo Neftianogo Komiteta za pervyi god ego sushchestvovaniia,” Izvestiia Glavnogo Neftianogo Komiteta, no. 213 (1919): 77.

Salzmann, Stephanie C. Great Britain, Germany and the Soviet Union: Rapallo and After, 1922–1934. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2003.

Samoilo, A. A. Dve zhizni, 2nd ed. Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1963.

Samoilov, F. Pervyi sovet rabochikh deputatov. Leningrad: Molodaia gvardiia, 1931.

“Samoubiistvo ne opravdanie: predsmertnoe pis’mo Tomskogo Stalinu,” Rodina, 1996, n. 2: 90–93.

Samuelson, Lennart. Plans for Stalin’s War Machine: Tukhachevskii and Military Planning, 1925–1941. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

———. Soviet Defence Industry Planning: Tulhachevskii and Military-Industrial mobilization. Stockholm: Stockholm Institute of East European Economies, 1996.

Sanborn, Joshua. “The Genesis of Russian Warlordism: Violence and Governance during the First World War and the Civil War,” Contemporary European History, 19/3 (2010): 195–213.

Sanchez-Sibony, Oscar. “Depression Stalinism: the Great Break Reconsidered,” Kritika, 15/1 (2014): 23–39.

Sandomirski, German, ed. Materialy Genuezskoi konferentsii: podgotovka, otchety zasedanii, raboty komissii, diplomaticheskaia perepiska i pr. Moscow: Izd. pisatelei, 1922.

Sandqvist, Tom. Dada East: The Romanians of Cabaret Voltaire. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 2006.

Santoni, W. “P. N. Durnovo as Minister of the Interior in the Witte Cabinet.” Phd diss., University of Kansas, 1968.

Sanukov, Ksenofont. “Stalinist Terror in the Mari Republic: the Attack on ‘Finno-Ugrian Bourgeois Nationalism’,” Slavonic and East European Review, 74/4 (1996): 658–82.

Sapir, Boris, ed. Fedor Il’ich Dan: pis’ma (1899–1946). Amsterdam: Stichtung Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis, 1985.

Sarkisov, А. Bakinskaia tipografiia leninskoi “Iskry.” Baku, 1961.

Savchenko, Viktor A. Avantiuristy grazhdanskoi voiny: istoriucheskie rassledovaniie. Kharkov: Folio; Moscow: AST, 2000.

Savel’ev, Iu. S. V pervyi god velikogo oktiabria. Moscow: Mysl’, 1985.

Savich, G. G., ed. Novyi gosudarstvennyi stroi Rossii: spravochnaiai kniga. St. Petersburg: Brokgauz-Efron, 1907.

Savich, N. Vospominaniia. St. Petersburg and Dusseldorf: Logos and Gluboĭ vsadnik, 1993.

Savinkov, B. S. K delu Kornilova. Paris: Union, 1919.

Savitskaia, R. M. “Razrabotka nauchnoi biografii V. I. Lenina,” Voprosy istorii, 1971, no. 4: 120-30.

Savko, N. Ocherki po istorii partiinykh organiizatsii v Krasnoi Armii, 1917–1923 gg. Moscow and Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1928.

Sazonov, S. D. Vospominaniia. Paris: E. Sial’skaia, 1927.

Sbornik deistvuiushchikh dogovorv soglashenii i konventsii, zakliuchennykh R.S.F.S.R. s inostrannymi gosudarstvami, 5 vols. St. Petersburg: Gosizdat, 1921–23.

Sbornik tsirkuliarnykh pisem VChK-OGPU. Moscow, 1935.

Sbornik zakonodatel’nykh i normativnykh aktov o repressiiakh i reabilitatsii zhertv politicheskikh repressii. Moscow: Respublika, 1993.

Schafer, Daniel E. “Local Politics and the Birth of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 1919–1920,” in A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin, edited by Ronald Grigor Suny and Terry Martin. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Schapiro, Leonard. “Lenin after Fifty Years,” in Lenin, the Man, the Theorist, the Leader: a Reappraisal, edited by Leonard Schapiro and Peter Reddaway. New York: Praeger, 1967.

———. “The Birth of the Red Army,” in The Red Army, edited by Liddel Hart. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1956.

———. “The General Department of the CC of the CPSU,” Survey, 21/3 (1975): 53–65.

———. The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the Soviet State, First Phase 1917–1922. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1955; New York: Praeger, 1965; London: LSE, 1977.

———. Soviet Treaty Series: A Collection of Bilateral Treaties, Agreements, and Coventions, Etc., Concluded Between the Soviet Union and Foreign Powers, 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1950.

Scheffer, Paul. Sieben Jahre Sowjetunion. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut Ag., 1930.

Scheibert, Peter. Lenin an der Macht: Das Russische Volk in der Revolution 1918–1922. Weinheim: Acta Humaniora, 1984.

Scheidemann, Philipp. Memoiren enies Sozialdemokraten. Dresden: Reissner, 1930.

Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David. Toward the Rising Sun: Russian Ideologies of Empire and the Path to War with Japan. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2001.

Schleifman, Nurit. Undercover Agents in the Russian Revolutionary Movement: The SR Party, 1902–14. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1988.

Schneiderman, Jeremiah. Sergei Zubatov and Revolutionary Marxism: The Struggle for the Working Class in Tsarist Russia. Ithaca, NY; Cornell University Press, 1976.

Schorske, Carl. Fin-de-Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture. New York: Knopf, 1980.

Schroeder, Paul W. “Stealing Horses to Great Applause: Austria-Hungary’s Decision in 1914 in Systemic Perspective,” in An Improbable War: The Outbreak of World War I and European Political Culture before 1914, edited by Holger Afflerbach and David Stevenson. New York: Berghahn Books, 2007.

———. “The Lights that Failed—and Those Never Lit,” International History Review, 28/1 (2006): 119–26.

Schurer, H. “Radek and the German Revolution,” Survey, 53 (1964): 59–69, 55, (1965): 126–40.

Schwartz, Benjamin I. Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1951.

Schwarz, Solomon. Labor in the Soviet Union. New York: Praeger, 1952.

Schwittau, G. G. Revoliutsiia i narodnoe khoziaistvo v Rossii 1917–1921. Leipzig: Tsentral’noe t-vo kooperativnogo izdatel’stva, 1922.

Scott, James C. Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.

Seaton, Albert. Stalin as Military Commander. New York: Praeger, 1976.

VII (aprel’skaia) Vserossiiskaia konferentsiia RSDRP (bol’shevikov). Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1958.

VII ekstrennyi s”ezd RKP (b), mart 1918 goda: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1962.

Selected Correspondence of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: A Selection with Commentary and Notes. London: Lawrence, 1944.

Sel’skokhoziaistvennoe vedomstvo za 75 let, 1837–1912. St. Petersburg: Kantselariia Glavnoupravleniia zemleustroitsom i zemledeliem, 1914.

Selunskaia, V. M. Izmeneniia sotsial’noi struktury sovetskogo obshchestva: oktiabr” 1917–1920. Moscow: Mysl’, 1974.

Semashko, Nikolai. Otchego bolel i umer V. I. Lenin. Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1924.

Semevslkii, V. P. Monarkhiia pered krusheniem. Moscow-Leningrad, 1927.

Senin, A. S. A. I. Rykov: stranitsy zhizni. Moscow: Rosvuznauka, 1993.

Senn, Alfred Erich. “Lithuania’s Fight for Independence: The Polish Evacuation of Vilnius, July 1920,” Baltic Review, 23 (1961): 32–9.

———. “The Rakovski Affair: A Crisis in Franco-Soviet Relations, 1927,” Études Slaves et Est-Europeennes/Slavic and East-European Studies, 10/3–4 (1965–6): 102–17.

———.The Russian Revolution in Switzerland, 1914–1917. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971. Seraphim, Ernst. Russische Portrats: die Zarenmonarchie bis zum Zusammenbruch 1917, 2nd ed., 2 vols. Zurich-Leipzig-Vienna: Almathea, 1943.

Serebriakova, Galina. “Oni delali v chest’ idee, kotoroi sluzhili,” Izvestiia, January 30, 1989.

Serebrianskii, Z. “Sabotazh i sozdanie novogo gosudarstvennogo apparata,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1926, no. 10: 5–17.

Seregin, A. V. “Vyshii monarkhicheskii sovet i operatsiia ‘Trest’,” Vorprosy istorii, 2012, no. 11.

Serge, Victor. La vie et la mort de Leon Trotsky (avec Natalya Sedova). Paris: Amiot-Dumont, 1951.

———. Le tournant obscur. Paris: Îles d’or, 1951.

———. Memoirs of a Revolutionary, 1901–1941. New York: Oxford University Press, 1963.

———. Ot revoliutsii k totalitarizmu: vospominaniia revoliutsionera. Orenburg: Praksis, 2001.

Serge, Victor, and Trotsky, Natalya Sedova. The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky. New York: Basic Books, 1975.

Sergeev, A. A., ed. “Fevral’skaia revoliutsiia 1917 goda,” Krasnyi arkhiv, 21 (1927): 3–78.

Sergeev, A. F., and Glushik, E. F. Besedy o Staline. Moscow: Krymskii most, 2006.

Sergeev, Evegeny. Russian Military Intelligence in the War With Japan, 1904–5: Secret Operations on land and at Sea. New York: Routledge, 2007.

Sergo Ordzhonikidze v Tsaritsyne i Stalingrade. Stalingrad: Obl. kn-vo, 1937.

Sering, Max. Die Umwalzung der osteuropaischen Agrarverfassung. Berlin: Deutsche Landbuchhandlung, 1921.

Service, Robert. Lenin: A Political Life, 3 vols. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.

———. Spies and Commissars: Bolshevik Russia and the West. London: Macmillan, 2011.

———. Stalin: A Biography. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard Belknap, 2005.

———. The Bolshevik Party in Revolution: A Study in Organisational Change, 1917–1923. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1979.

Seton-Watson, Hugh. The Russian Empire, 1801–1917. Oxford: Clarendon, 1967.

Sever, Aleksandr, and Kolpakidi, Aleksandr. Spetsnaz GRU: samaia pol’naia entsiklopediia. Moscow: Eksmo-Iauza, 2012.

Sevost’ianov, G. N., ed. Moskva-Berlin, politika i diplomatiia Kremlia, 1920–1941: sbornik dokumentov, 3 vols. Moscow: Rosspen, 2011.

———. “Sovershenno sekretno”: Lubianka—Stalinu o polozhenii v strane (1922–1934 gg.), 10 vols. Moscow: IRI RAN, 2001–13.

———. Delo Generala Kornilova, materialy Chrezvychainoi komissii po rassledovaniiu dela o byvshem Verkhovnom glavnokomanduiushchem generale L. G. Kornilove i ego souchastnikakh, avgust 19I7–iiun’ 1918: dokumenty, 2 vols. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyi fond Demokratiia, 2003.

Shagrin, Boris, and Todd, Albert, eds. Landmarks: A Collection of Essays on the Russian Intelligentsia. New York: Karz Howard, 1977.

Shambarov, Valerii. Gosudarstvo i revoliutsiia. Moscow: Algoritm, 2001.

Shanin, Teodor. Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and the Peripheries of Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983.

———. The Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.

———. The Rots of Otherness: Russia’s Turn of the Century, 2 vols. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1986.

Shankowsky, Lew. “Disintegration of the Imperial Russian Army in 1917,” Ukrainian Quarterly, 13/4 (1957): 305–28.

Shaposhnikov, B. M. Na Visle: k istorii kampanii 1920 g. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1924.

Sharapov, German V. Razreshenie agrarnogo voprosa v Rossii poske pobedy oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii, 1917–1920 gg. Moscow: VPSh i AON pri TsK KPSS, 1961.

Shatsillo, K. F. “Delo polkovnika Miasoedova,” Voprosy istorii, 1967, no. 4: 103–16.

Shatunovskaia, Lidiia. Zhizn’ v Kremle. New York: Chalidze Publications, 1982.

Shchëgolëv, P. E. Okhranniki i avantiuristy, sekretnye sotrudniki i provokatory. Moscow: GPIB, 2004.

———, ed. Padenie tsarskogo rezhima: stenograficheskie otchety doprosov i pokazanii, dannykh v 1917 g. v Chrezvychainoi sledstvennoi komissii Vremennogo pravitel’stva, 7 vols. Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1924–7.

———. Otrechenie Nikolaia II. Leningrad: Krasnaia gazeta, 1927.

Shefov, A. N. Moskva, kreml’, Lenin. Moscow: Politizdat, 1969.

Sheinis, Z. “Pervye shagi diplomaticheskoi deiatel’nosti M. M. Litvoinov,” Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, 1988, no. 1: 152–69.

Sheinis, Zinovy. Maxim Litvinov. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1990.

Shelestov, Dmitrii. Vremia Alekseia Rykova. Moscow: Progress, 1990.

Shelokhaev, V. V. Politicheskie partii Rossii, konets XIX–pervaia tret’ XX veka: entsiklopediia. Moscow: Rosspen, 1996.

———, ed. Russkii liberalizm: istoricheskie sud’by i perspektivy. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, Moskva, 27–29 maia 1998 g. Moscow: Rosspen, 1999.

Shepelev, L. E. Chinovny mir Rossii XVIII-nachalo XX v. St. Petersburg: Iskusstvo-SPB, 1999.

Sheridan, Clare. From Mayfair to Moscow: Clare Sheridan’s Diary. London: Boni and Liveright, 1921.

Shestakov, Andrei V. Krest’ianskaia revoliutsiia 1905–1907 gg. v Rossii. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1926.

Shevtsov, A. V. Izdatel’skaia deiatel’nost’ russkikh nesotsialisticheskikh partii nachala XX veka. St. Petersburg: Rossiiskaia Natsional’naia Biblioteka, 1997.

Shikman, A. P. Deiateli otechestvennoi istorii: Biograficheskii spravochnik. Moscow, 1997.

Shin, Peter Yong-Shik. “The Otsu incident: Japan’s Hidden History of the Attempted Assassination of Future Emperor Nicholas II of Russia in the town of Otsu, Japan, May 11, 1891 and its Implication for Historical Analysis.” Phd diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1989.

Shipov, D. N. Vospominaniia i dumy o perezhitom. Moscow: M. i. S. Sabashnikov, 1918.

Shishkin, V. I. “Poezdka I. V. Stalina v Sibir’ (15 ianvaria–6 fevralia 1928 g.),” in Problemy agrarnogo i demograficheskogo razvitiia Sibiri v XX-nachale XXI vv.: materialy vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii, edited by V. A. Il’inykh.Novosibirsk: Institut istorii SO RAN, 2009.

———, ed. Sibirskaia Vandeia, 1920–1921, 2 vols. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyi fond Demokratiia, 2000–01.

Shishkin, Valerii A. Stanovlenie vneshnei politiki postrevliutsionnoi Rossii i kapitalisticheskii mir 1917–1930 gody: ot revoliutsionnogo “zapadnichestva” k “natsional-bol’shevizmu,” ocherk istorii. St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 2002.

———. Vlast´, politika, ekonomika: Poslerevoliutsionnaia Rossiia (1917–1928 gg.) St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 1997.

Shklovsky, Viktor. A Sentimental Journey: Memoirs, 1917–1922. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984.

Shliapnikov, A. G. Kanun semnadtsatogo goda: vospominaniia i dokumenty o rabochem dvizhenii i revoliutsionnom podpol’e za 1914–1916 gg., 2 vols. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1923.

Shliapnikov, Aleksandr G. Nashi raznoglasiia,” Pravda, January 18, 1924.

———. Semnadtsatyi god, 4 vols. Moscow and Leningrad: Gos. Sots-ekon. izd., 1923–31.

Shmelev, N. N. Bor’ba KPSS za razvitie tiazheloi promyshlennosti na Severnom Kavkaze, 1926–1932 gg. Rostov-na-Donu: Rostovskii universitet, 1981.

Shokhin, Andrei. Kratkaia istoriiia VLKSM, 2nd ed. Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 1928.

Showalter, Dennis E. Tannenberg: Clash of Empires. Hamden, CT: Archon, 1991.

Shpilrein, I. N., et al. Iazyk krasnoarmeitsa. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1928.

Shreider, Mikhail. NKVD iznutri: zapiski cheskista. Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 1995.

Shteinberg, Valentin. Ekab Peters. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1989.

Shturman, D. Mertvye khvataiut zhivykh: chitaia Lenina, Bukharina, i Trotskogo. London: Overseas Publication Interchange, 1982.

Shtyrliaev, V. “Geroi grazhdanskoi voiny Dmitrii Zhloba,” Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal, 1965, no. 2: 44–46.

Shub, David. “The Trial of the SRs,” Russian Review, 23/4 (1964): 362–9.

———. Lenin: A Biography. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1949.

Shukman, Harold. Lenin and the Russian Revolution (New York: Putnam, 1967; 1981).

Shul’gin, V. V. Chto nam v nikh ne nravitsia: ob antisemitizme v Rossii. Paris: Russia Minor, 1929.

———. Dni. Belgrad: M. A. Suvorin, 1925.

———. Gody. Dni. 1920. Moscow: Novosti, 1990.

———. Days of the Russian Revolution: Memoirs from the Right, 1905–1917. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1990.

Shveitzer, V. I. “V achinskoi ssylke,” Izvestiia, March 12, 1937.

Shveitzer, Vera. Stalin v turukhanskoi ssylke: vospominaniia starogo podpol’shchika Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 1943.

Shvetsov, V. V. “Lev Trotskii i Maks Istmen: istoriia odnoi politicheskoi druzhby,” Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, 1990, no. 6: 152–69.

———. Diskussiia v RKP (b) 1923 goda: k 70-letiu nepa. Moscow: Znanie, 1991.

Sibir’ i velikaia zheleznaia doroga. St. Petersburg: I. A. Efron, 1896.

Sibir’skaia Sovetskaia entsiklopediia, 3 vols. Novosibirsk: Sibirikoe kraevoe izd, 1929–32.

Sidorov, Arkadii L., ed. Revoliutsionnoe dvizheniie v armii i na flote v gody pervoi mirovoi voiny, 1914–fevral’ 1917. Moscow: Nauka, 1966.

Sidorov, Vasilii. Po Rossii. Kavkaz. Putevye zametki i vpechatleniia. St. Petersburg: M. Akifiev i I. Leontiev, 1897.

Sidorovnin, Gennadii, ed. Stolypin, zhizn’ i smert’: sbornik, 2nd ed. Saratov: Sootchestvennik, 1997.

Siegelbaum, Lewis H. “The Workers Group and the War-Industries Committees: Who Used Whom,” Russian Review, 39/2 (1980).

———. Soviet State and Society Between Revolutions, 1918–1929. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

———. The Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia, 1914–1917. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.

Sigler, Krista Lynn. “Kshesinskaia’s Mansion: High Culture and the Politics of Modernity in Revolutionary Russia.” Phd diss., University of Cincinnati, 2009.

Simonov, N. S. “‘Strengthen the Defense of the Land of Soviets’: The 1917 ‘War Alarm’ and its Consequences,” Europe-Asia Studies, 48/8 (1996).

———. “Krepit’ oboronu stranam sovetov (voenna trevoga 1927 i ee posledstviia),” Otechestvennaia istoriia, 1996, no. 3: 155–61.

———. Voenno-promyshlennyi kompleks SSSR v 1920–1950-e gody: tempoy ekonomicheskogo rosta, struktura, organizatsiia proizvodstva i upravlenie. Moscow: Rosspen, 1996.

Simonova, T. “Mir i schast’e na shtykakh,” Rodina, 2000, n. 10: 60–64.

Sinel’nikov, S. S. Kirov. Moscow, 1964.aaa

Singleton, Seth. “The Tambov Revolt,” Slavic Review, 25/3 (1969): 497–512.

Sinyavsky, Andrei. Soviet Civilization: A Cultural History. New York: Arcade, 1990.

Skobelev, M. “Gibel’ tsarizma,” Ogonek, March 13, 1927: 1–2.

Skvortsov-Stepanov, Ivan I. S Krasnoi Armiei na panskuiu Pol’shu: vpechatleniia i nabliudeniia. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

Slashchov-Krymskii, Ia. S. Belyi Krym 1920 g. Moscow: Nauka, 1990.

Slavinskii, Dmitrii B. Sovetskii Soiuz i Kitai: istoriia diplomaticheskikh otnoshenii, 1917–1937 gg. Moscow: Iaponiia segodnia, 2003.

Slavinsky, Boris N. The Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Pact: A Diplomatic History, 1941–1945. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

Sletov, S. K istorii vozniknoveniia partii sotsialistov revoliutsionerov. Petrograd: P. P. Soikina, 1917.

Slezkine, Yuri. “The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism,” Slavic Review, 53/2 (1994): 414–52.

Sloin, Andrew, and Sanchez-Sibony, Oscar. “Economy and Power in the Soviet Union, 1917–39,” Kritika, 15/1 (2014): 7–22.

Slusser, Robert. Stalin in October: The Man Who Missed the Revolution. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

Smidovich, P. G. “Vykhod iz podpol’ia v Moskve,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1923, no. 1 (13): 171–77.

Smirnoff, Serge. Autour de l’assassinat des Grand-Ducs: Ekaterinbourg, Alapaievsk, Perm, Pétrograd. Paris: Payot, 1928.

Smirnov, N. Repressirovanoe provosudie. Moscow: Gelios ARV, 2001.

Smith, Edward Ellis. The Young Stalin: The Early Years of an Elusive Revolutionary. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1967.

Smith, Jeffrey R. “The Monarchy Versus the Nation: The ‘Festive Year’ 1913 in Wilhelmine Germany,” German Studies Review, 23/2 (2000): 257–74.

Smith, Jeremy. The Bolsheviks and the National Question, 1917–1923. New York: Macmillan, 1999.

———. “The Georgian Affair of 1922—Policy Failure, Personality Clash or Power Struggle?” Europe-Asia Studies, 50/3 (1998): 519–44.

———. “Stalin as Commissar for Nationality Affairs, 1918–1922,” in Stalin: A New History, Davies and Harris, eds., 45–62.

Smith, Leonard V. Between Mutiny and Obedience: The Case of the French Fifth Infantry Division during World War I. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Smith, R. E. F., ed. The Russian Peasant 1920 and 1984. London: Cass, 1977.

Smith, Steve A. A Road is Made: Communism in Shanghai 1920–1927. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000.

Snyder, Jack. Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disasters of 1914. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984.

Sobolev, Ivan. Bor’ba s “nemetskim zasiliem” v Rossii v gody Pervoi Mirovoi Voiny. St. Petersburg: Rossiiskaia natsional’naia biblioteka, 2004.

Soboleva, T. A. Istoriia shifroval’nogo dela v Rossii. Moscow: OLMA, 2002.

Sokol’nikov, G. Ia. Brestskii mir. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

———. Finansovaia politika revoliutsii, 2 vols. Moscow: Nauka, 2006.

———. Gosudarstvennyi kapitalizm i novaia finansovaia politika. Moscow: NKF, 1922.

———. K voprosu o natsionalizatsii bankov. Moscow, 1918.

———. Novaia finansovaia politika: na puti k tverdoi valiute. Moscow: Nauka, 1995.

Sokolov, A. K. Ot voenproma k VPK: sovetskaia voennaia promyshlennost’ 1917–iiun’ 1941 gg. Moscow: Novyi khronograf, 2012.

Sokolov, Aleksandr S. Finansovaia politika Sovetskogo gosudarstva 1921–1929 gg. Moscow: Zvedopad, 2005.

Sokolov, E. N. Finansovaia politika Sovetskoi vlasti (oktiabr’ 1917–avgust 1918 gg.). Ryazan: Riazanskii gos. universitet im. S. A. Esenina, 2008.

Sokolov, Nikolai A. Ubiistvo tsarskoi sem’i. Berlin: Slowo, 1925.

Soldatov, V. V. “Izmeneniia form obshchinnogo zemlepol’zovaniiia v Sibiri,” Voprosy kolonizatsii, 1910, no. 7.

Solnick, Steven L. “Revolution, Reform and the Soviet Telephone System, 1917–1927,” Soviet Studies, 43/1 (1991): 157–76.

Solomon [Isetskii], Georgii. Sredi krasnykh vozhdei: lichno perezhitoe i vidennoe na sovetskoi sluzhbe, 2 vols. Paris: Mishen, 1930.

Solomon, Jr., Peter H. Soviet Criminal Justice Under Stalin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Solov’ev, E. D., and Chugunov, A. I. Pogranichnye voiska SSSR, 1918–1928: sbornik dokumentov i materialov. Moscow: Nauka, 1973.

Solov’ev, Iu. G. “Samoderzhavie i dvorianskii vopros v kontse XIX v.” Istoricheskie zapiski, 1971, no. 88: 150–209.

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. The Gulag Archipelago, 3 vols. New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

Sontag, John P. “The Soviet War Scare of 1926–1927,” Russian Review, 34/1 (1975): 66–77.

Sontag, Raymond James. Germany and England: Background of Conflict, 1848–1894. New York and London: D. Appleton-Century, 1938.

Sorokin, Pitirim A. Leaves from a Russian Diary. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co, 1924.

Sosnovskii, L. S. “Chetyre pis’ma iz ssylki,” Biulleten’ oppozitsii, September 1929, 3–4: 15–29.

Sotsialistickheskoe stroitel’stvo SSSR. Moscow, 1923.

Souvarine, Boris. Stalin: A Critical Survey of Bolshevism. New York: Longman, Green, 1939.

———. Staline; aperçu historique du bolchévisme. Paris: Plon, 1935.

Sovetsko-Germanskie otnosheniia ot peregovorov v Brest-Litovske do podpisaniia Rapall’skogo dogovora: sbornik dokumentv, 2 vols. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1968–71.

Sovety v Oktiabre: sbornik dokumentov. Moscow: Kommunisticheskaia akademiia, 1928.

“Sovremennoe pravosudie,” Dym otechestva, 1914, no. 22: 1–2.

Spiridovich, Aleksander I. Istoriia bol’shevizma v Rossii: ot vozniknoveniia do zakhvata vlasti, 1883–1903–1917. Paris: Franko-Russkaia pechat’, 1922.

———. Zapiski zhandarma. Kharkov: Proletarii, 1928.

———. Raspoutine 1863–1916, d’apres les documents russes et les archives privees de l’auteur. Paris: Payot, 1935.

———. Velikaia voina i fevral’skaia revoliutsiia 1914–1917 gg., 3 vols. New York: Vseslavianskoe izd., 1960–2.

Spirin, L. M. Klassy i partii v grazhdanskoi voine v Rossii. Moscow: Mysl’, 1968.

———. Krakh odnoi aventiury, miatezh levykh eserov v Moskve 6–7 iiulia 1918 g. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1971.

———. Krushenie pomeschchik’ikh i burzhuaznykh partii v Rossii nachalo XX v-1920 g. Moscow: Mysl’, 1977.

Spisok chlenov Vsesoiuznogo obshchestvo starykh bol’shevikov na i ianv. 1933. Moscow: 1933.

Spring, D. W. “Russia and the Coming of War,” in The Coming of the First World War, edited by R. J. W. Evans and Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.

Stalin, I. V. Beseda s inostrannymi rabochimi delegatsiaiami. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1927.

———. Na piutiakh k Oktiabriu. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1925.

———. Ob oppozitsii: stat’i i rechi, 1921–1927. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1928.

———. Na putiakh k Oktiabriu: stat’i i rechi, mart-oktiabr’ 1917. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1925.

———. O Lenine i o leninzme. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1924.

———Sochineniia, 13 vols. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1946–51. vols. 14–16, Robert H. MacNeal, ed. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, 1967. Cited as Sochineniia (author understood).

Staliunas, Darius. Making Russians: Meaning and Practice of Russification in Belarus and Lithuania After 1863. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007.

Stankevich, V. B. Vospominaniia 1914–1919 gg. Berlin: J. Ladyschnikow, 1920.

Starkov, Boris A. “Perekhod k ‘politike razgroma’: shakhtinskoe delo,” in Istoriki otvechaiut na voprosy, ed. by N. N. Maslov and A. N. Svalov. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1988.

Starr, S. Frederick. Decentralization and Self-Government in Russia, 1830–1870. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.

Startsev, Vitalii I. “Begstvo Kerenskogo,” Voprosy istorii, 1966, no. 11: 204–5.

———. Vnutrenniaia politika Vremennogo pravitel’stva: pervogo sostava. Leningrad: Nauka, 1980.

Stasova, E. D. Vospominaniia. Moscow: Mysl’, 1969.

Stasova, Elena. Stranitsy zhizni i bor’by. Moscow: Politizdat, 1957.

“Stavka 25-26 oktiabria 1917 g.,” in Arkhiv russkoi revoliutsii, ed. by Gessen, VII: 279–320.

Stead, W. T. Truth About Russia. London and New York: Cassell & Company, 1888.

Steimetz, George. Regulating the Social: The Welfare State and Local Politics in Imperial Germany. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Steinberg, Isaac. “The Events of July 1918,” undated manuscript, Hoover Institution Archive.

———. Spiridonova: Revolutionary Terrorist. London: Methuen, 1935

———. Ot fevralia po oktiabr’ 1917 g. Berlin-Milan, Skify, 1919.

Steinberg, John W. All the Tsar’s Men: Russia’s General Staff and the Fate of Empire, 1898–1914. Washington, D.C., and Baltimore: Woodrow Wilson Center/Johns Hopkins University, 2010.

Steinberg, Jonathan. Bismarck: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

———. Yesterday’s Deterrent: Tirpitz and the Birth of the German Battle Fleet. London: Macdonald, 1965.

Steinberg, Mark. “Revolution,” in The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution, edited by Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir M. Khrustalëv. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.

———. “Workers and the Cross: Religious Imagery in the Writings of Russian Workers 1910–1924,” Russian Review, 53/2 (1994): 213–39.

———. Moral Communities: The Culture and Class Relations in the Russian Printing Industry 1867–1907. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

———, and Khrustalëv, Vladimir M., eds. The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.

Steiner, Zara S. The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919–1933. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Steinwedel, Charles Robert. “Invisible Threads of Empire: State, Religion, and Ethnicity in Tsarist Bashkiria, 1773–1917.” Phd diss., Columbia University, 1999.

Steklov, Iu. M. Bortsy za sotsializm, 2nd ed., 2 vols. Moscow-Leningard: Gosizdat, 1923–24.

Stephan, John J. “The Crimean War in the Far East,” Modern Asian Studies, 3/3 (1969), 257–77.

———. The Russian Far East: A History. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994.

Stepnaov, S. A. Chernaia sotnia v Rossii 1905–1914 gg. Moscow: Rosvuznauka, 1992.

Stepun, Fedor. Byvshee i nesbyvsheesia, 2 vols. New York: Izd-vo im. Chekhova, 1956.

Stevenson, David. Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904–1914. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996.

———. Cataclysm: The First World War as Political Tragedy. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

Stites, Richard. Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Stockdale, Melissa Kirschke. Paul Miliukov and the Quest for a Liberal Russia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996.

———. “Politics, Morality and Violence: Kadet Liberals and the Question of Terror,” Russian History, 22/1 (1995): 455–80.

Stone, David R. Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union, 1926–1933. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Stone, Helena M. “Another Look at the Sisson Forgeries and their Background,” Soviet Studies, 37/1 (1985): 90–102.

Stone, Norman. The Eastern Front, 1914–1917. New York: Scribner’s, 1975.

Storella, Carmine J., and Sokolov, A.K., eds., The Voice of the People: Letters from the Soviet Village, 1918–1932. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013.

Storozhev, V. N. “Fevral’skaia revoliutsiia 1917 g.,” Nauchnye izvestiia (Moscow, 1922), sbornik 1: 142–3.

Strachan, Hew. The First World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

———. The First World War. New York: Viking, 2004.

Strauss, Leo. “Kurt Riezler, 1882–1955,” Social Research, 23/1 (1956): 3–34.

Strizhkov, Iu. K. Prodovol’stvennye otriady v gody grazhdanskoi voiny I inostrannoi interventsii, 1917–1922. Moscow: Nauka, 1973.

Strong, Anna Louise. China’s Millions: The Revolutionary Struggles from 1927 to 1935. New York: Knight Publishing Co., 1935.

Struve, P. V. “Istoricheskii smysl russkoi revoliutsii i natsional’nye zadachi,” in Iz glubiny: sbornik statei o russkoi revoliutsii. Moscow: Moskovskii universitet, 1990.

———, ed. Food Supply in Russia During the War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1930.

———. “Witte und Stolypin,” in Menschen die Geschichte machten: viertausend Jahre Weltgeschichte in zeit- und lebensbildern, 3 vols, edited by Peter Richard Rohden and Georg Ostrogorsky. Vienna: L. W. Seiden & Sohn, 1931.

Sukennikov, M. Krest’ianskaia revoliutsiia na iuge Rossii: s pis’mami L. N. Tol’stogo tsariu. Berlin: Ioann Rede, 1902.

Sukhanov, Nikolai. The Russian Revolution, 1917: Eyewitness Account, 2 vols. New York: Harper and Row, 1962.

———. Zapiski, 7 vols. Berlin: Z. I. Grzhebin, 1922–23.

Sukhorukhov, V. T. XI Armiia v boiakh na Severnom Kavkaze i Nizhnei Volge, 1918–1920 gg. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1961.

Suliashvili, David. Uchenicheskie gody. Tblisi: Zarya vostoka, 1942.

Sullivant, Robert S. Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, 1917–1957. New York: Columbia University Press, 1962.

Sultanbekov, Bulat. Pervaia zhertva Genseka: Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, sud’ba, liudi, vremia. Kazan: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo, 1991.

Sultan-Galiev, Mirsaid. Stat’i, vtystupleniia, dokumenty. Kazan: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo, 1992.

Sumbadze, A. S. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie predposylki pobedy Sovetskoi vlasti v Azerbaidzhane. Moscow: Nauka, 1972.

Sunila, August A. Vosstanie 1 dekabria 1924 goda: opyt kommunisticheskoi partii Estonii v podgotovke i provedenii vooruzhennogo vosstaniia estonskogo proletariata 1924 goda i ego istoricheskoe znachenie. Tallinn, Eesti Raamat, 1982.

Suny, Ronald Grigor, ed. Transcaucasia, Nationalism, and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, 2nd ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.

———. “A Journeyman for the Revolution: Stalin and the Labor Movement in Baku, June 1907–May 1908,” Soviet Studies, 23/3 (1972): 373–94.

———. “Beyond Psychohistory: The Young Stalin in Georgia,” Slavic Review, 50/1 (1991): 48–58.

———. “Tiflis, Crucible of Ethnic Politics, 1860–1905,” in The City in Late Imperial Russia, edited by Michael F. Hamm. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.

———. Looking Toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.

———. The Making of the Georgian Nation, 2nd ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.

Suslov, P. V. Politicheskoe obespechenie sovetsko-pol’skoi kampanii 1920 g. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1930.

Sutton, Antony C. Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development, 3 vols. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University, 1968–73.

Suvorin, A. S. Dnevnik. Moscow-Petrograd, 1923.

Suvorin, S. A. Chetvertyi (ob”edinitel’nyi) s”ezd RSDRP: Aprel’ (aprel’-mai) 1906 goda: protokoly. Moscow, Politicheskaia literatura, 1959.

Suvorov, N. I., ed. Trekhsotletie doma Romanovykh 1613–1913: istoricheskie ocherki. Moscow: A. I. Mamontov, 1913.

Sverchkov, Dmitrii F. Kerenskii, 2nd ed. Leningrad: Priboi, 1927.

Sverdlov, Iakov Mikhailovich. Izbrannye proizvedennye, 3 vols. Moscow: Politcheskaia literatura, 1957–60.

Sverdlova, K. T. Iakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov. Moscow: Molodaia Gvardiia, 1957, 1960, 1976. 4th ed. Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 1985.

Sviatitskii, N. V. Kogo russkii narod izbral svoimi predstaviteliami. Moscow: Zemlia i volia, 1918.

Svod zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii, 16 vols. St. Petersburg: Obshchestvennaia pol’za, 1897.

Swain, Geoffrey. “The Disillusioning of the Revolution’s Praetorian Guard: Latvian Riflemen Summer-Autumn 1918,” Europe-Asia Studies, 51/4 (1999): 667–86.

———. “Vacietis: The Enigma of the Red Army’s First Commander,” Revolutionary Russia, 16/1 (2003): 68–86.

Syromatnikov, Sergius. “Reminiscences of Stolypin,” Russian Review, 1/2 (1912): 71–88.

Syrtsov, V. A. Skazanie o Fedorovskoi Chudotvornoi ikone Bozhei materi, chto v g, Kostrome. Kostroma, 1908.

Sytin, P. V. Iz istorii Moskovskikh ulits. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1948. Sovremennik, 2000.

Szeftel, Marc. The Russian Constitution of April 23, 1906: Political Institutions of the Duma Monarchy. Brussels: Éditions de la Librarie encyclopedique, 1976.

Szporluk, Roman. “Lenin, ‘Great Russia,’ and Ukraine,” Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 28/1–4 (2006): 611–26.

Tagantsev, N. A. Perezhitoe: uchrezhdenie Gosudarstvennoi Dumy v 1905–1906 gg. Petrograd: Gos. Tip. 1919.

Tagirov, I. R., ed. Neizvestnyi Sultan-Galiev: rassekrechennye dokumenty i materialy. Kazan: Tatarskoe knyzhnoe izdatel’stvo, 2002.

Tainy natsional’noi politiki TsK RKP: chetvertoe soveshchanie TsK RKP (b) s otvestvennymi rabotnikami natsional’nykh respublik i oblastei v Moskve 9–12 iiunia 1923 g. Moscow: INSAN, 1992.

Talakavadze, Sevastii. K istorii kommunisticheskoi partii Gruzii. Tiflis: Glavpolitprosvet, 1926.

Tang, Peter S. H. Russian and Soviet Policy, in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911–1931. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1959.

Taranovski, Theodore. “The Politics of Counter-Reform: Autocracy and Bureaucracy in the Reign of Alexander III, 1881–1994.” Phd diss., Harvard University, 1976.

Tarasiuk, D. A. Pozemel’naia sobstvennost’ poreformennoi Rossii: istochnikovedchestvennoe issledovanie po perepisi 1877–1878 gg. Moscow: Nauka, 1981.

Taratuta, V. K. “Kanun revoliutsii 1905 g. na Kavkaze (iz vospominaniia),” Zaria vostoka, December 19, 1925.

Tarkhova, N. S. “Trotsky’s Train: An Unknown Page in the History of the Civil War,” in The Trotsky Reappraisal, edited by Terry Brotherstone and Paul Dukes. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1992.

Tarle, E. V. “Germanskaia orientatsiia i P. N. Durnovó v 1914 g.,” Byloe, 1922, no. 19: 161–76.

———. “Zapiska P. N. Durnovó Nikolaiu II: Fevral 1914 g.,” Krasnaia nov’, 1922, no. 10: 178–99.

Tatishchev, S. S. Imperator Aleksandr Vtoroi, 2 vols. St. Petersburg: A. S. Suvorin, 1903.

Tauger, Mark B. “Grain Crisis or Famine? The Ukranian State Commission for Aid to Crop-Failure Victims and the Ukranian Famine of 1928–1929,” unpublished paper courtesy of the author.

Tauger, Mark B. “Statistical Falsification in the Soviet Union: A Comparative Case Study of Projections, Biases, and Trust,” Donald Treadgold Papers, University of Washington, 2001.

Taylor, A. J. P. The First World War: An Illustrated History. London: H. Hamilton, 1963.

———. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe. Oxford: Clarendon, 1963.

———. War by Timetable. London: Macdonald, 1969.

Tepliakov, Aleksei G. “Nepronitsaemye nedra”: VChK-OGPU v Sibiri 1918–1929 gg. Moscow: AIRO-XXI, 2007.

Teplianikov, I. A. “Vnikaia vo vse,” in Marshal Tukhachevskii: vospominaniia druzei i soratnikov, edited by Nikolai Koritskii, et al. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1965.

Terpigorev, Aleksandr M. Vospominaniia gornogo inzhenera. Moscow: Akademiia nauk SSSR, 1956.

Teruyuki, Hara. Shibberia shuppei: kakumei to kanshō, 1917–1922. Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō, 1989.

Thaden, Edward, ed. Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855–1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.

Thatcher, Ian D. “Trotskii, Lenin, and the Bolsheviks, August 1914–February 1917,” Slavonic and East European Review, 72/1 (1994): 72–114.

———. Leon Trotsky and World War One: August 1914–February 1917. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

Thompson, John M. Russia, Bolshevism and the Versailles Peace. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966.

Thompson, Wayne C. In the Eye of the Storm: Kurt Reizler and the Crisis of Modernity. Ames: University of Iowa Press, 1980.

Thorniley, Daniel. The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Rural Communist Party, 1927–1939. New York: Macmillan, 1988.

Thun, Alphons. Istoriia revoliutsionnykh dvizhenii v Rossii. St. Petersburg: Ligi Russk. Revoliuts. Sots.-Dem., 1906.

Tiander, Karl. Das Erwachen Osteuropas: Die Nationalbewegung in Russland und der Weltkrieg. Vienna and Leipzig: Wilhelm Braumueller, 1934.

Tikhomirov, L. A. “Nuzhny li printsipy?,” in K reforme obnovlennoi Rossii: Stat’i 1909, 1910, 1911 gg, edited by Tikhomirov. Moscow: V. M. Sablina, 1912.

Tilly, Charles. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime,” in Bringing the State Back In, edited by Peter B. Evans et al. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

———. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1990. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1990.

Timashev, N. S. Publichno-pravovoe polozhenie lichnosti. Pravo Sovetskoi Rossii. Prague: Plamia, 1925.

Tishkov, A. V. Felix Dzerzhinskii: Commemorating the Centenary of His Birth. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1976.

Togan, Zaki Validi. Vospominaniia: bor’ba musul’man Turkestana i drugikh vostochnikh tiurok za natsional’noe sushchestvovanie i kul’turu. Moscow: [s.n.], 1997.

Tokés, Rudolf L. Béla Kun and the Hungarian Soviet Republic: The Origins and Role of the Communist Party of Hungary in the Revolutions of 1918–1919. New York: Praeger, 1967.

Tolf, Robert W. The Russian Rockefellers: The Saga of the Nobel Family and the Russian Oil Industry. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1976.

Torke, Hans-Joachim. “Das Russische Beamtentum in der ersten Halfte des 19. Jahrhunderts,” Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, 13 (1967): 7–345.

Tornovskii, M. G. “Sobytiiia v Mongolii-Khalkhe v 1920–1921 godakh: voenn-istoricheskii ocherk (vospominaniia),” in Legendarnyi baron: neizvestnye stranitsy Grazhdanskoi voiny, edited by Sergei L. Kuz’min. Moscow: KMK, 2004.

Tovarishch Kirov: rasskazy rabochikh, inzhenirov, khoziaistvennikov, uchenykh, kolkhoznikov i detei o vstrechakh s S. M. Kirovym. Moscow: Profizdat, 1935.

Tovstukha, I. P., ed. Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin: kratkaia biografiia. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1927.

Treadgold, Donald. The Great Siberian Migration. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957.

Trepov, “Vespoddaneishaia zapiska D. F. Trepova (16 oktiabria 1905),” Byloe, 1919, no. 14: 109–11.

Trifonov, Ivan Ia. Ocherki istorii klassovoi bor’by v SSSR, 1921–1937 gg. Moscow: Politcheskaia literatura, 1960.

Trimberger, Ellen Kay. Revolution from Above: Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt and Peru. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1978.

Troitskii, S. M. Russkii absoliutizm i dvorianstvo v XVIII veke: Formirovanie biurokratii. Moscow: Nauka, 1974.

Trotskii, L. “Vospominaniia ob oktiabr’skom perevorote,” Proletarskaia revoliustiia, 1922, no. 10: 59–61.

———. “Zaveshchanie Lenina [December 1932],” in Portrety revoliutsionerov [1991], 265–91. Also in Gorizont, 1990, no. 6: 38–41.

———. Chto i kak proizoshlo: shest’ statei dlia mirovoi burzhuaznoi pechati. Paris: Navarre, 1929.

———. Dnevniki i pis’ma. Tenafly, NJ: Ermitage, 1986, 1990.

———. Kak vooruzhalas’ revoliutsiia (na voennoi rabote), 3 vols. Moscow: Vysshii voennyi redaktsionnyi sovet, 1923–25.

———. Kommunistichekii internatsional posle Lenina: velikiii organizator porazhenii. Moscow: Spartakovets-printima, 1993.

———. Literatura i revoliutsiia. Moscow: Krasnaia nov’, 1923.

———. Moia zhizn’: opyt avtobiografii, 2 vols. Berlin: Granit, 1930. Moscow: Panorama, 1991. Note: All endnote citations refer to the 1930 edition unless otherwise indicated.

———. O Lenine: materialy dlia biografii. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1924.

———. Piat’ let Kominterna. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1924.

———. Portrety revoliutsionerov, ed. Iu. Fel’shtinski. Benson, VT: Chalidze, 1984 and 1988. Moscow: Moskovsky rabochii, 1991.

———. Predannaia revoliutsiia. Moscow: NII kul’tury, 1991.

———. Sochineniia, 21 vols. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920–27.

———. Stalin, 2 vols. Benson, VT: Chalidze, 1985. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1990.

———. Stalinskaia shkola fal’sifakatsii: popravki i dopolneniia k literature epigonov. Berlin: Granit, 1932.

———, and Safarov, G. I. Trotskii o Lenine i leninizme: sbornik materialov. Leningrad: Priboi, 1925.

Trotskizm i molodezh’: sbornik materialov. Leningrad: Priboi, 1924.

Trotsky, Leon. 1905. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1922. New York: Random House, 1971.

———. Between Red and White: a Study of Some Problems of Revolution, with Particular Reference to Georgia. London: Communist Party of Great Britain, 1922.

———. Challenge of the Left Opposition, 1926–27, 2 vols. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1975, 1980.

———. Lenin. New York: Garden City Books, 1959.

———. On Lenin: Notes Toward a Biography. London: Harrap, 1971.

———. My Life: An Attempt at an Autobiography. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1930. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970. Note: All endnote citations refer to the 1970 edition unless otherwise indicated.

———. Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influence. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1941. New York: Stein and Day, 1946. London: Macgibbon and Kee, 1968. Note: All endnote citations refer to the 1941 edition unless otherwise indicated.

———. Terrorism and Communism: A Reply to Karl Kautsky. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1961.

———. The Essential Trotsky. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1963.

———. The History of the Russian Revolution to Brest-Litovsk. London: Socialist Labour Party, 1919.

———. The History of the Russian Revolution, 3 vols. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1932.

———. The History of the Russian Revolution. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1961.

———. The Real Situation in Russia. London: Allen & Unwin, 1928.

———. The Stalin School of Falsification. New York: Pioneer, 1937.

———. The Suppressed Testament of Lenin. New York: Pioneer Publishers, 1935.

———. Trotsky’s Diary in Exile, 1935. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1958. New York: Atheneum, 1963.

———. Where Is Britain Going? London: Communist Party of Great Britain, 1926.

———. Writings of Leon Trotsky, 1936–1937. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1978.

———, et al. Portraits: Political and Personal. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1977.

———, and Shachtman, Max. The New Course. New York: New International, 1943.

Trud v SSSR: ekonomiko-statisticheskii spravochnik. Moscow: Ekonomgiz, 1932.

Trudy i Vserossiiskogo S”ezda Sovetov Narodnogo Khoziiastva, 25 maia–4 iuinia 1918: Stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Vysshii sovet narodnogo khoziaistva, 1918.

Trusova, N. S., ed. Nachalo pervoi russkoi revoliutsii: ianvar’-mart 1905 goda. Moscow, 1955.

Tsakunov, S. V. V labirinte doktriny: iz opyta razrabotki ekonomicheskogo kursa strany v 1920-e gody. Moscow: Rossiia molodaia, 1994.

Tsapenko, M. N. Vserossiiskoe soveshchanie soveta rabochikh i soldatskikh deputatov. Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1927.

“Tsensura,” Bol’shaia sovetskaia entsiklopediia, 1st ed., LX.

Tsereteli, I. G. Vospominaniia o fevral’skom revoliutsii, 2 vols. Paris: Mouton, 1963.

Tsirk: malenkaia entsiklopediia, 2nd ed. Moscow: Sovetskaia entsiklopediia, 1979.

TsK RKP (b)—VKP (b) i natsional’nyi vopros. Moscow: Rosspen, 2005.

Tsvigun, S. K., et al., eds. V. I. Lenin i VChK: sbornik dokumentov 1917–1922 gg. Moscow: Politizdat, 1975.

Tsziun, Lin. “Sovetskaia Rossiia i Kitai v nachale 20-x godov,” Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, 1997, no. 3: 46–57.

Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim. Guns of August. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

Tucker, Robert C. “A Case of Mistaken Identity: DJughashvili-Stalin,” Biography, 5/1 (1982): 17–24.

———. “A Stalin Biography’s Memoir,” in Psychology and Historical Interpretation, edited by William McKinley Runyan. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

———. Stalin as Revolutionary, 1879–1929: A Study in History and Personality. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973.

———. Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1929–1941. New York: W. W. Norton, 1990.

———, ed. Stalinism: Essays in Historical Interpretation. New York: W. W. Norton, 1977.

———. The Lenin Anthology. New York: W. W. Norton, 1975.

Tukhachevskii, M. N. Izbrannye proizvedenniia. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1964.

———. Pokhod za Vislu: lektsii, prochitannye na dopolnitel’nom kurse Voennoi Akademii RKKA 7–10 fevralia 1923 goda. Smolensk: Tipografiia Zapfronta, 1923.

Tumarkin, Nina. Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Tumshis, Mikhail, and Papchinskii, Aleksander. 1937, bol’shaia chistka: NKVD protiv ChK. Moscow: Iauza-EKSMO, 2009.

Turner, L. F. C. “The Russian Mobilization in 1914,” in The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880–1914, edited by Paul M. Kennedy. Boston: George Allen and Unwin, 1979.

Tutaev, David, Alliluyev, Sergei, and Alliyueva, Anna. The Alliluyev Memoirs: Recollections of Svetlana Stalina’s Maternal Aunt Anna Alliluyeva and her Grandfather Sergei Alliluyev. New York: Putnam, 1968.

Tyrkova-Williams, Ariadna. From Liberty to Brest Litovsk: The First Year of the Russian Revolution. London: Macmillan, 1919.

Uchenie Lenina o revoliutsii i diktature roletariat. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1925.

Uglanov, N. A. “O Vladmire Iliche Lenine (v period 1917–1922 gg.),” Izvestiia TsK KPSS, 1989, no. 4: 192.

Ugolovnyi Kodeks RSFSR. Moscow: NKIu, 1926, 1927, 1929.

Ugrovatov, A. P. Krasnyi banditizm v Sibiri, 1921–1929 gg. Novosibirsk: IUKEA, 1999.

Ukhtomskii, E. E. Puteshestvie na Vostok ego imperatorskogo vysohchestva gosudaria naslednika tsarevicha, 1890–1891, 3 vols. St. Petersburg, 1893–97.

Ukraintsev, N. “A Document on the Kornilov Affair,” Soviet Studies, 25/2 (1973): 283–98.

Ulam, Adam B. Expansion and Coexistence: The History of Soviet Foreign Policy. New York: Praeger, 1968.

———. Stalin: The Man and His Era. New York: Viking Press, 1973.

———. The Bolsheviks: The Intellectual and Political History of the Triumph of Communism in Russia. New York: Macmillan, 1965.

Uldricks, Teddy. Diplomacy and Ideology: The Origins of Soviet Foreign Relations 1917–30. London: Sage, 1979.

Ul’ianova, M. I. O Lenine i sem’e Ul’ianovykh: vospominaniia, ocherki, pis’ma. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1978.

———. “O Vladimire Il’iche (poslednie gody zhizni,” Izvestiia TsK KPSS, 1991, no. 1: 127–38, no. 2: 125–40, no. 3: 183–200, no. 4: 177–91.

———.“Ob otnoshenii V. I. Lenina k I. V. Stalinu,” Izvestiia TsK KPSS, 1989, no. 12: 196–99.

Ullman, Richard H. The Anglo-Soviet Accord. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972.

Ulrich Brockdorff-Rantzau, Graf. Dokumente. Charlottenburg: Detusche Verlags, 1920.

Ulricks, T. J. “The ‘Crowd’ in the Russian Revolution: Towards Reassessing the Nature of Revolutionary Leadership,” Politics and Society, 4/3 (1974): 397–413.

Upton, Anthony F. The Finnish Revolution, 1917–1918. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980.

Uratadze, Grigorii I. Vospominaniia gruzinskogo sotsial-demokrata. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1968.

Urazaev, Sh. Z. Turkestanskaia ASSR—pervoe sotsialisticheskoe gosudarstvo v Srednei Azii. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1961.

Urban, G. R. Stalinism: Its Impact on Russia and the World. London: Maurice Temple Smith, 1982.

Uroki Oktiabria. Berlin: Berlinskoe knigoizd-vo, 1924.

Urusov, S. D. Zapiski tri goda gosudasrtvennoi sluzhby. Moscow: NLO, 2009.

Ushakov, A. I. Belyi iug: noiabr’ 1919–noiabr’ 1920 gg. Moscow: AIRO-XX, 1997.

Ustav obshchestva starykh bol’shevikov: Instruktsiia po organizatsii filial’-nykh otdelenii, Spisok chlenov Obshchestvo i anketa. Moscow, 1928.

Ustrialov, Nikolai. Pod zankom revoliutsii. Harbin: Russkaia zhizn’, 1925.

U Velikoi mogily. Moscow: Krasnaia zvezda, 1924.

V Vserossiiskii s”ezd RKSM, 11–19 oktiabria 1922 g.: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow-Leningrad: [AU: Please provide publisher], 1922.

V zhernovakh revoliutsii: russkaia intelligentsia mezhdu belymi i krasnymi v porevoliutsionnye gody, sbornik doumentov i materialov. Moscow: Russkaia panorama, 2008.

V. I. Lenin: neizvestnye dokumenty, 1891-1922. Moscow: Rosspen, 1999.

V. Ia. Bliukher v Kitae 1924–1927 gg.: novye dokumenty glavnogo voennogo sovetnika. Moscow: Natalis, 2003.

Vaganov, F. M. Pravyi uklon v VKP (b) i ego razgrom, 1928–1930. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1970.

Vaisberg, Roman E. Den’gi i tseny: podpol’nyi rynok v period “voennogo kommunizma.” Moscow: Gosplan SSSR, 1925.

Vakar, N. “Stalin: Po vospominaniiam N. N. Zhordaniia,” Poslednie novosti, December 16, 1936.

Vaksberg, Arkadii. Hôtel Lux: les partis frères au service de l’Internationale communiste. Paris: Fayard, 1993.

———. Iz ada v rai i obratno. Moscow: Olimp, 2003.

———. Stalin’s Prosecutor: The Life of Andrei Vyshinsky. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

Valedinskii, Ivan Aleksandrovich. “Organizm Stalina vpolne zdorovyi,” Istochnik, 1998, no. 2: 68–73.

Valentinov, N. Nasledniki Lenina. Moscow: Terra, 1991.

———. Novaia ekonomicheskaia politika i krizis partii posle smerti Lenina. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1971. Moscow: Sovremennik, 1991. Note: All endnote citations refer to the 1971 edition unless otherwise indicated.

Valliant, Robert Britton. “Japan and the Trans-Siberian Railroad, 1885–1905.” Phd diss., University of Hawaii, 1974.

Valuev, P. A. Dnevnik P. A. Valueva, 2 vols. Moscow: Akademiia nauk SSSR, 1961.

van de Ven, Hans J. “Public Finance and the Rise of Warlordism,” Modern Asian Studies, 30/4 (1996): 829–68.

Van Evera, Stephen. “The Cult of the Offensive and the Origins of the First World War,” International Security, 9/1 (1984): 58–107.

———. “Why Cooperation Failed in 1914,” World Politics, 38 (1985): 80–117.

Van Halen, D. J. Memoirs of Don Juan Van Halen, 2 vols. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, 1830.

van Ree, Erik. “Reluctant Terrorists? Transcaucasian Social-Democrats 1901–9,” Europe-Asia Studies, 60/1 (2008): 127–54.

———. “Socialism in One Country: a Reassessment,” Studies in East European Thought, 50/2 (1998): 77–117.

———. “Stalin and the National Question,” Revolutionary Russia, 7/2 (1994): 214–38.

———. “The Stalinist Self,” Kritika, 11/2 (2010): 257–82.

———. The Political Thought of Joseph Stalin: A Study in Twentieth-Century Revolutionary Patriotism. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002.

Varneck, Elena, ed. The Testimony of Kolchak and Other Siberian Materials. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1935.

Vasetskii, N. A. Trotskii: opyt politicheskoi biografii. Moscow: Respublika, 1992.

Vasil’chikov, Boris. Vospominaniia. Moscow-Pskov: Nashe nasledie, 2003.

Vasileva, Larisa. Kremlin Wives. New York: Arcade, 1994.

Vasilyev, A. T. The Ochrana: The Russian Secret Police. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1930.

Vatkin, Iu. “Goriachaia osen’ dvadtsat vos’mogo (k voprosu o stalinizatsii kominterna)” in Oni ne molchali, ed. by A. V. Afanas’ev. Moscow: Politizdat, 1991.

Vatlin, A. “Panika: Sovetskaia Rossiia oseni 1918 goda glazami nemtsa,” Rodina, 2002, n. 9: 78–81.

Vatlin, Aleksandr. Komitern: idei, resheniia, sud’by. Moscow: Rosspen, 2009.

———, et al., eds. Stenogrammy zasedanii politburo TsK RKP (b), 1923–1938. Moscow: Rosspen, 2007.

Vatsetis, J. “Grazhdanskaia voina: 1918 god,” in Pamiat’: istoricheskii sbornik (Moscow 1977, Paris 1979), no. 2.

Velikanova, O. V. “Lenina v massovom soznanii,” Otechestvennaia istoriia, 1994, no. 2.

Velikanova, Olga. “The Myth of the Besieged Fortress: Soviet Mass Perception in the 1920s–1930,” Stalin-Era Research and Archives Project, University of Toronto Centre for Russian and East European Studies, working paper no. 7 (2002).

———. Popular Perceptions of Soviet Politics in the 1920s. Disenchantment of the Dreamers. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

———. The Making of an Idol: On Uses of Lenin. Gottingen: Muster-Schmidt, 1996.

Velikii pokhod K. E. Voroshilova ot Luganska k Tsaritsynu i geroicheskaia oborona Tsaritsyna. Moscow: Gos. voen. izd-vo Narkomata Oborony Soiuza SSR, 1938.

Vereshchak, Semyon. “Stalin v tiur’me (vospominaniia politicheskogo zakliuchennogo),” Dni, January 22, 1928.

Vernadskii, V. I. Dnevniki, 1926–1934. Moscow: Nauka, 2001.

Verner, Andrew. The Crisis of Russian Autocracy: Nicholas II and the 1905 Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.

V Vsemirnyi kongress Kommunisticheskogo Internatsionala 17 iiunia–8 iiulia 1924 g.: stenograficheskii otchet, 2 vols. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1925.

V Vserossiiskii s”ezd sovietov rabochikh, krest’ianskikh, soldatskikh i kazach’ikh deputatov, Moskva, 4–10 iiulia’1918 g.: stenograficheskiĭ otchet. Moscow: VTsIK, 1918.

VI s”ezd RSDRP (bol’shevikov), avgust 1917 goda: protokoly. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1958.

VI (Parizhskaia) Vserossiiskaia konferentsiia RSDRP, 18–30 (5–17) aprelia 1912 g.: sbornik statei i dokumentov. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1952.

VII Vsebelorusskii s”ezd sovetov: stenograficheskii otchet. Minsk: TsIK BSSR, 1925.

VIII s’ezd RKP (b), mart 1919 goda: protokoly. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1933. Politizdat, 1959.

VIII s’ezd RKP (b), 18–28 marta 1919 goda: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Kommunist, 1919. Partizdat, 1933. Politicheskaia literatura, 1959.

Viktorov, B. V. Bez grifa “sekretno”: zapiski voennogo prokurora. Moscow: Iuridicheskaia literatura, 1990.

Vil’kova, V. P., ed. RKP (b), vnutripartiinaia bor’ba v dvadtsatye gody: dokumenty i materialy. Moscow: Rosspen, 2004.

Vinogradov, V. K. “Zelenaia lampa,” Nezavisimaia gazeta, April 20, 1994.

———, ed. Genrikh Iagoda: narkom vnutrennykh del SSSR, general’nyi kommissar gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti: sbornik dokumentov. Kazan: [s.n.], 1997.

———. Arkhiv VChK: sbornik dokumentov. Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole, 2007.

———, et al. Fanni Kaplan, ili kto strelial v Lenina: sbornik dokumentov, 2nd ed. Moscow: X-History, 2003.

Vinogradov, V. K., et al. Pravoeserovskii politicheskii protsess v Moskve, 8 iiunia–4 avgusta 1922 g.: stenogrammy sudebnykh zasedanii. Moscow: Rosspen, 2011.

Viola, Lynne. “The Peasant Nightmare: Visions of Apocalypse in the Soviet Countryside,” Journal of Modern History, 62/4 (1990): 747–70.

———. Peasant Rebels Under Stalin: Collectivization and the Culture of Peasant Resistance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

———, ed. The War Against the Peasantry, 1927–1930: The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.

Viroubova, Anna. Memories of the Russian Court. New York: Macmillan, 1923.

———. Souvenirs de ma vie. Paris, 1927.

Vishnevskii, N. M. Printsipy i metody organizivannogo raspredeleniia produktov prodovol’stviia i predmetov pervoi neobkhodimosti. Moscow: VSNKh, 1920.

Vishniak, Mark. Dan’ proshlomu. New York: Chekhov, 1954.

———. Le regime sovietiste. Paris: Union, 1920.

———. Vserossiiskoe uchreditel’noe sobranie. Paris: Sovremennyia zapiski, 1932.

Vitte, S. Iu. Samoderzhavie i zemtsvo: konfidential’naia zapiska ministra finansov stats-sekretaria S. Iu. Vitte (1899 g.), 2nd ed. Stuttgart: J. H. W. Sietz Nachf., 1903.

———. Vospominaniia: tsarstvovanie Nikolaia II, 3 vols. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1923–4. Moscow: Izd. sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoi literatury, 1960. Moscow: AST, 2000.

VKP (b), Komintern i natsional’no-revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie v Kitae: dokumenty, 4 vols. Moscow: Buklet, 1994–2003.

Vladimirova, Vera. Kontr-revoliutsiia v 1917 g.: kornilovshchina. Moscow: Krasnaia nov’, 1924.

———. “Levye esery v 1917–1918 gg.,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1927, no. 4: 101–40.

———. “Iul’skie dni 1917 goda,” Proletarskaia revolutsiia, 1923, no. 5: 3–52.

Vneshniaia torgovlia SSSR za 1918–1940 gg.: statisticheskii obzor. Moscow: Vneshtorgizdat, 1960.

Vodolagin, Mikhail A. Krasnyi Tsaritsyn. Volgograd: Nizhne-Volzhskoe knizhnoe izd-vo 1967.

Voeikov, Vladimir N. S tsarem i bez taria: vospominaniia poslednego Dvortsovogo Komendanta Gosudaria Imperatora Nikolaia II. Helsinki: [s.n.], 1936.

Voitsekhovskii, Sergei L. Trest: vospominaniia i dokumenty. Ontario, Canada: Zaria: 1974.

Volin, B. M. 12 biografii. Moscow: Rabochaia Moskva, 1924.

———, ed. Sed’maia (aprel’skaia) konferentsiia RSDRP (b). Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1955.

Volin, M. S. “Istpart i Sovetskaia istoricheskaia nauka,” in Velikii oktiabr’: istoriia, istoriografiiia, istochnikovendenie: sbornik statei, edited by Iu. A. Poliakov. Moscow: Nauka, 1978.

Volin, S. Iu. “Vokrug Moskovskoi Dumy,” Proletarskaia revoliutsiia, 1922, no. 6.

Voline [Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eichenbaum], The Unknown Revolution, 1917–1921. New York: Free Life Editions, 1974.

Volkogonov, D. A. Lenin: politicheskii portret, 2 vols. Moscow: Novosti, 1994.

———. Stalin: politicheskii portret, 4th ed., 2 vols. Moscow: Novosti, 1996.

———. Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

———. Triumf i tragediia: politicheskii portret I. V. Stalina, 2 vols. Moscow, Novosti, 1989,

———. Trotskii: politcheskii portret, 2 vols. Moscow: Novosti, 1992.

Volkogonov, Dmitri. Lenin: Life and Legacy. London: HarperCollins, 1994.

———. Trotsky: The Eternal Revolutionary. New York: The Free Press, 1996.

Volkov, S. V. Tragediia russkogo ofitserstva. Moscow: Tsentropoligraf, 2002.

Volobuev, Pavel. Ekonomicheskaia politika Vremmenogo Pravitel’stva. Moscow: Nauka, 1962.

Volodarskii, M. I. Sovety i ikh iuzhnye sosedi Iran i Afganistan 1917–1933. London: Overseas Publications Interchange, 1985.

Voloshin, F. F. “Dmitrii Ivanovich Kurskii (k 100-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia),” Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo, 1974, no. 12: 98–102.

Vompe, P. Dni oktiabrskoi revoliutsii i zheleznodorozhniki: Materialy k izucheniiu istorii revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia na zheleznykh dorogakh. Moscow: TsK zheleznodorozhnikov, 1924.

von Bothmer, Karl Freiherr. Mit Graf Mirbach in Moskau: Tagebuch-Aufzeichnungen und Aktenstrucke vom 19 April bis 24 August 1918, 2nd ed. Tubingen: Osiander’sche Buchhandlung, 1922.

von Clausewitz, Carl. On War. New York: Knopf, 1993.

Von Geldern, James. Bolshevik Festivals, 1917–1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Von Hagen, Mark. “The levee en masse from the Russian Army to the Soviet Union, 1874–1938,” in People in Arms: Military Myth and National Mobilization since the French Revolution, edited by Daniel Moran and Arthur Waldron. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

———. Soldiers in the Proletarian Dictatorship: The Red Army and the Soviet Socialist State, 1917–1930. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.

———. War in a European Borderland: Occupations and Occupation plans in Galicia and Ukraine, 1914–1918. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007.

von Hindenburg, Paul. Out of My Life, 2 vols. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1921.

von Korostowetz, W. K. Graf Witte, der Steuermann in der Not. Berlin: Brückenverlag, 1929.

von Kuhlmann, Richard. Erinnerungen. Heidelberg: L. Schneider, 1948.

von Laue, Theodore H. “A Secret Memorandum of Sergei Witte on the Industrialization of Russia,” Journal of Modern History, 26/1 (1954): 60–74.

———. “The Fate of Capitalism in Russia: The Narodnik Version,” American Slavic and East European Review, 13/1 (1954): 11–28.

———. “The High Cost and the Gamble of the Witte System: A Chapter in the Industrialization of Russia,” Journal of Economic History, 13/4 (1953): 425–48.

———. Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia. New York, Columbia University Press, 1963.

———. Why Lenin? Why Stalin? A Reappraisal of the Russian Revolution, 1900–1930. Philadelphia, Lippincott: 1964, 1971.

von Mayenburg, Ruth. Hotel Lux: Das Absteigequartier der Weltrevolution. Munich: Piper, 1991.

———. Hotel Lux: Mit Dimitroff, Ernst Fischer, Ho Tschi Minh, Pieck, Rakosi, Slansky, Dr. Sorge, Tito, Togliatti, Tschou En-lai, Ulbricht und Wehner im Moskauer Quartier der Kommunistischen Internationale. Munich: Bertelsmann, 1978.

von Moltke, Helmuth. Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente 1877 bis 1916. Stuttgart: Der kommende Tag Verl., 1922.

von Muller, Georg. The Kaiser and His Court. London: MacDonald, 1961.

von Riekhoff, Harald. German-Polish Relations, 1918–1933. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971.

von Vollmar, Georg. Der isolierte sozialistiche Staat: eine sozialokonomische Studie. Zurich: Volksbuchhandlung, 1878.

von Zwehl, Hans. Erich von Falkenhayn: General der Infanterie: eine biographische Studie. Berlin: E. S. Mittler, 1926.

Voronin, E. P., et al., eds. Voenno-revoliutsionnye komitety deistviiushchei armii, 25 oktiabria 1917–mart 1918 g. Moscow: Nauka, 1978.

Voronovich, N., ed. Zelenaia kniga: istoriia krest’ianskogo dvizheniia v chernomorskoi gubernii. Prague: Chernomorskaia krest’ianskaia delegatsiia, 1921.

Voroshilov, K. E. “Iz istorii podavleniia Kronshtadtskego miatezha,” Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal, 1961, no. 3: 15–35.

———. “Iz istorii podavleniia Kronstadskogo mitaezha,” Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal, 1961, no, 3: 15–35.

———. Lenin, Stalin, i krasnaia armiia: stat’i i rechi. Moscow: Partizdat, 1934.

———. Rasskazy o zhizni (vospominaniia). Moscow: Politizdat, 1968.

Voshchinin, V. P. Na sibirskom prostore: kartiny pereselentsev. St. Petersburg: Nash vek, 1912.

Vospominaniia o Vladimire Il’iche Lenine, 3 vols. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1956–61. 2nd ed, 5 vols. Moscow: Politcheskaia literatura, 1979.

Voss, A., et al. Von hamburger Aufstand zur politische Isolierung: kommunistische Politik 1923–1933 in Hamburg und in deustchen Reich. Hamburg: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1983.

Vsesoiuznaia Kommunisticheskaia Partiia (b) v rezoliutsiiakh s”ezdov, konferetnsii i plenumov TsK, 1898–1935, 5th ed., 2 vols. Moscow: Partizdat, 1935–6.

Vsesoiuznaia Kommunisticheskaia Partiia (b) v rezoliutsiiakh s”ezdov, konferetnsii i plenumov TsK, 1898–1939, 6th ed., 2 vols. Moscow: Partizdat, 1940–41.

Vucinich, Wayne S. “Mlada Bosna and the First World War,” in The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Political, Military and Economics of the Habsburg War Effort, edited by Robert A. Kann et al. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1977.

Vulliamy, C. E., ed. From the Red Archives. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1929.

Vygodskii, Semen Iu. Vneshniaia politika SSSR, 1924–1929. Moscow: Politcheskaia literatura, 1963.

Vysylka vmesto rasstrela 1921–1923: deportazatsiia intelligentsii v dokumentakh VChK-GPU. Moscow: Russkii put’, 2005.

“Vystuplenie N. I. Bukharina posviashchennoe pamiati Skvortsova-Stepanova,” Voprosy istorii, 1988, no. 5: 75–84.

Wade, Rex A. “Argonauts of Peace: The Soviet Delegation to Western Europe in the Summer of 1917,” Slavic Review, 26/3 (1967): 453–67.

———. “Why October? The Search for Peace in 1917,” Soviet Studies, 20/1 (1968): 36–45.

———. Red Guards and Workers’ Militias in the Russian Revolution. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1984.

———. The Russian Revolution, 1917. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

———. The Russian Search for Peace: February–October 1917. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1969.

Wagner, Moritz. Travels in Persia, Georgia and Koordistan, 3 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1856.

Waite, Robert G. L. Vanguard of Nazism: The Free Corps Movement in Post-War Germany, 1918–1923. New York: W. W. Norton, 1952.

Waldron, Arthur. “The Warlord: Twentieth-Century Chinese Understandings of Violence, Militarism, and Imperialism,” American Historical Review, 96/4 (1991): 1073–1100.

Waldron, Peter. Between Two Revolutions: Stolypin and the Politics of Renewal in Russia. London: UCL, 1998.

Walkin, Jacob. The Rise of Democracy in Pre-Revolutionary Russia: Political and Social Institutions Under the Last Three Czars. New York: Praeger, 1962.

Waller, Bruce. Bismarck at the Crossroads: The Reorientation of German Foreign Policy After the Congress of Berlin, 1878–1880. London: Athlone, 1974.

Wandruszka, Adam. House of Habsburg: Six Hundred Years of a European Dynasty. New York: Doubleday, 1964.

Wandycz, Piotr S. August Zaleski: Minister Spraw Zagranicznych RP 1926–1932 w Swietle Wspomnien i Dokumentów. Paris: Instytut Literacki, 1980.

———. Soviet-Polish Relations, 1917–1921. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969.

———. Twilight of French Eastern Alliances, 1926–1936: French-Czechoslovak-Polish Relations from Locarno to the Remilitarization of the Rhineland. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.

Ward, Chris. Stalin’s Russia. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, 1993.

Ward, John. With the “Die-Hards” in Siberia. London: Cassell, 1920.

Wargelin, Clifford F. “A High Price for Bread: The First Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the Break-Up of Austria-Hungary, 1917–1918,” International History Review, 19/4 (1997): 757–88.

Warth, Robert D. Nicholas II: The Life and Reign of Russia’s Last Monarch. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997.

———. The Allies and the Russian Revolution. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1954.

Waters, Brenda Meehan. Autocracy and Aristocracy: The Russian Service Elite of 1730 New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1982.

Waters, M. A., ed. Rosa Luxemburg Speaks. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970.

Watson, Derek. Molotov and Soviet Government: Sovnarkom, 1930–41. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.

Waxmonsky, Gary Richard. “Police and Politics in Soviet Society 1921–1929.” Phd diss., Princeton University, 1982.

Wcislo, Francis W. Reforming Rural Russia: State, Local Society and National Politics, 1855–1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.

———. Tales of Imperial Russia: The Life and Times of Sergei Witte, 1849–1915. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Weeks, Theodore. Nation and State in Late Imperial Russia and Russification on Russia’s Western Frontier, 1861–1914. De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1994.

Wehner, Markus, and Petrov, Iu. A. “Golod 1921–1922 gg. v Smarskoi gubernii i reaktsiia sovetskogo pravitel’stva,” Cahiers du monde russe, 38/1/2 (1997): 223–41.

Weiner, Douglas. “Dzerzhinskii and the Gerd Case: The Politics of Intercession and the Evolution of ‘Iron Felix’ in NEP Russia,” Kritika, 7/4 (2006): 759–91.

Weissman, Neil. “Regular Police in Tsarist Russia, 1900–1914,” Russian Review, 44/1 (1985): 45–68.

Weissman, Neil B. Reform in Tsarist Russia: The State Bureaucracy and Local Government, 1900–1914. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1981.

Weitz, Eric D. Creating German Communism, 1890–1990: From Popular Protests to Socialist State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.

———. Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.

Werth, Nicolas. “Rumeurs defaitistes et apocalyptiques dans l’URSS des annees 1920 et 1930,” Vingtieme siecle, revue d’histoire, 71 (2001): 25–35.

Westad, Odd Arne. The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Westwood, J. N. A History of Russian Railways. London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1964.

———. The Historical Atlas of World Railroads. Buffalo, NY: Firefly, 2009.

———. Russia Against Japan, 1904–5: A New Look at the Russo-Japanese War. Albany: State University of New York, 1986.

Wheatcroft, Stephen G. “Agency and Terror: Evdokimov and Mass Killing in Stalin’s Great Terror,” Australian Journal of Politics and History, 53/1 (2007): 20–44.

Wheeler-Bennett, John. The Forgotten Peace: Brest-Litovsk, March 1918. London: Macmillan, 1938.

———. “The Meaning of Brest-Litovsk Today,” Foreign Affairs, 17/1 (1938): 137–152.

Wheen, Francis. Karl Marx. London: Fourth Estate, 1999.

White, Elizabeth. The Socialist Alternative to Bolshevik Russia: The Socialist Revolutionary Party, 1921–1939. London and New York: Routledge, 2011.

White, Howard J. “1917 in the Rear Garrisons,” in Economy and Society in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1860–1930: Essays for Olga Crisp, edited by Linda Edmondson and Peter Waldron. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.

———. “Civil Rights and the Provisional Government,” in Civil Rights in Imperial Russia, edited by Olga Crips and Linda Edmondson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

White, J. D. “The Kornilov Affair: A Study in Counter Revolution,” Soviet Studies, 20/2 (1968): 187–205.

White, James D. “Early Soviet Historical Interpretations of the Russian Revolution, 1918–1929,” Soviet Studies, 37/3 (1985): 330–52.

White, John Albert. The Diplomacy of the Russo-Japanese War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1964.

———. The Siberian Intervention Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1950.

White, Stephen. The Origins of Detente: The Genoa Conference and Soviet-Western Relations, 1921–1922. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Widerkehr, Stefan. “Forging a Concept: ‘Eurasia’ in Classical Eurasianism,” paper presented at the 2007 Annual Soyuz Symposium, Princeton University, April 2007.

Wilbur, C. Martin. The Nationalist Revolution in China, 1923–1929. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

———, and How, Julie Lien-ying. Documents on Communism, Nationalism, and Soviet Advisers in China, 1918–1927: Papers Seized in the 1927 Peking Raid. New York: Columbia University Press, 1956.

———. Missionaries of Revolution: Soviet Advisers and Nationalist China, 1920–1927. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

Wilcox, E. H. Russia’s Ruin. London: Chappell & Hall, 1919.

Wildman, Allan K. The End of the Russian Imperial Army, 2 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980, 1988.

———. “Officers of the General Staff and the Kornilov Movement,” in Revolution in Russia, Frankel, ed., 76–101.

Williams, A. R. Through the Russian Revolution. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1921. Williams, Andrew J. Trading with the Bolsheviks: The Politics of East-West Trade, 1920–1939. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.

Williams, B. J. “Great Britain and Russia, 1905–1907 Convention,” in British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, edited by F. H. Hinsley. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Williams, Beryl. The Russian Revolution, 1917–1921. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.

Williams, Robert C. “Russian War Prisoners and Soviet-German Relations, 1918–1921,” Canadian Slavonic Papers, 9/2 (1967): 270–95.

Williamson, Jeffrey G. “Globalization, Factor Prices and Living Standards in Asia before 1940,” in Asia Pacific Dynamism 1550–2000, edited by A. J. H. Latham et al. London: Routledge, 2000.

Williamson, Jr., Samuel. Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. Houndmills and London: Macmillan, 1991.

Wilson, Keith, ed. Decisions for War, 1914. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.

Wohlforth, William C. “The Perception of Power: Russia in the Pre-1914 Balance,” World Politics, 39/3 (1987): 353–81.

Wolfe, Bertram D. “Lenin and the Agent Provocateur Malinovsky,” Russian Review 5/1 (1945): 49–69.

———. “The Influence of Early Military Decisions upon the National Structure of the Soviet Union,” American Slavonic and East European Review, 9/3 (1950): 169–79.

———. Three Who Made a Revolution. New York: Dial Press, 1948.

———, ed. Khrushchev and Stalin’s Ghost. New York: Praeger, 1957.

Woodruff, David. Money Unmade: Barter and the Fate of Russian Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.

———. “The Politburo on Gold, Industrialization, and the International Economy, 1925–1926,” in Lost Politburo Transcripts, ed. by Gregory and Naimark, 199–223.

Woodworth, Bradley. “Civil Society and Nationality in the Multiethnic Russian Empire: Tallinn/Reval, 1860–1914.” Phd diss., Indiana University, 2003.

Wortman, Richard. “Nicholas II i obraz samoderzhaviia,” Istoriia SSSR, 1991, no. 2: 119–28.

———. “Russian Monarchy and the Rule of Law: New Considerations of the Court Reform of 1864,” Kritika, 6/1 (2005): 145–70.

———. Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, 2 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

———. The Crisis of Russian Populism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1967.

Wright, Jonathan. “Locarno: a Democratic Peace?” Review of International Studies 26/2 (2010): 391–411.

Wu, Tien-wei. “A Review of the Wuhan Debâcle: The Kuomintang-Communist Split of 1927,” Journal of Asian Studies, 29/1 (1969): 125–43.

Wyszczelski, Lech. Varshava 1920. Moscow: Astrel’, 2004.

X s’ezd RKP (b), mart 1921 goda: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1921. Moscow: Partizdat, 1933. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1963.

XI s’ezd RKP (b): protokoly. Moscow: Partizdat, 1936. Stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1961.

XI Vserossiiskii s’ezd Sovetov: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: VTsIK SSSR, 1924.

XII s’ezd RKP (b): stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Politizdat, 1968.

XIII konferentsiia RKP (b): biulleten’. Moscow: Krasnaia nov’, 1924.

XIII s”ezd VKP (b), mai 1924 g.: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Politizdat, 1963.

XIV konferetnisia RKP (b): stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1925.

XIV s”ezd VKP (b): stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1926.

XV konferentsiia VKP (b), 26 oktiabria–3 noiabria 1926 g.: stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow and Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1927.

XV s”ezd VKP (b): stenograficheskii otchet, Moscow, Gosizdat, 1928. 2 vols. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1961–2.

XVI Moskovskaia gubernskaia konferentsiia VKP (b). Moscow: MGK VKP (b), 1927.

XVI partiinaia konferentsiia VKP (b), aprel’ 1929 g.: stenografischekii otchet. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1962.

XVI s”ezd VKP (b): stenograficheskii otchet. Moscow: Partizdat, 1935.

XVII s”ezd VKP (b): stenograficheskii otchet, 26 ianvaria—10 fevralia 1934 g. Moscow: Partizdat, 1934.

Yaney, George L. “Some Aspects of the Imperial Russian Government on the Eve of the First World War,” Slavonic and East European Review, 43/ (1964): 68–90.

———. “The Concept of the Stolypin Land Reform,” Slavic Review, 23/2 (1964): 275–93.

———. The Systematization of Russian Government: Social Evolution in the Domestic Administration of Imperial Russia, 1711–1905. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973.

———. Urge to Mobilize: Agrarian Reform in Russia, 1861–1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.

Yanov, Alexander. The Origins of Autocracy: Ivan the Terrible in Russian History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.

Yarkovsky, Jan M. It Happened in Moscow. New York: Vantage Press, 1961.

Yaroslavsky, E. Landmarks in the Life of Stalin. Moscow: Foreign Publishing House, 1940.

Yevtuhov, Catherine. Portrait of a Russian Province: Economy, Society, and Civilization in Nineteenth-Century Nizhnii Novgorod. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012.

Yiulenev, I. V. Sovetskaia kavaleriia v boiakh za Rodinu. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1957.

Young, Harry F. “The Misunderstanding of August 1, 1914,” Journal of Modern History, 48/4 (1976): 644–65.

Young, James. “Bolshevik Wives: A Study of Soviet Elite Society.” Phd diss., Sydney University, 2008.

Za chetkuiu klassovuiu liniiu: sbornik dokumentov kraikoma VKP (b) i vystuplenii rukovodiashchikh rabotnikov kraia. Novosibirsk: Sibkraikom VKP (b), 1929.

Za leninizm: sbornik statei. Moscow and Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1925.

Zabih, S. The Communist Movement in Iran. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966.

Zagorsky, S. O. State Control of Industry in Russia During the War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1928.

Zaionchkovskii, P. A. Pravitel’stvennyi apparat samoderzhavnoi Rossii v XIX v. Moscow: Mysl’, 1978.

Zakharov, Vladimir V. Voennye aspekty vzaimootnosheniia SSSR i Germanii: 1921-iiun’ 1941. Moscow: Gumanitarnaaia Akademiia vooruzhennykh sil, 1992.

Zal’kind, Aron B. “O zabolevaniiakh partaktiva,” Krasnaia nov’, 1925, no. 4: 187–203.

Zalkind, I. A. “N.K.I.D. v semnadtsatom godu,” Mezhdunarodnaia zhizn’, 1921, no. 10.

Zamoyski, Adam. Warsaw 1920: Lenin’s Failed Conquest of Europe. London: HarperCollins, 2008.

Zamyatin, Yevgeny. “Comrade Churygin Has the Floor,” in The Fatal Eggs and Other Soviet Satire 1918–1963, edited by Mirra Ginsburg. New York: Grove, 1964.

Zarubin, V. G. Bez pobeditelei: iz istorii grazhdanskoi voiny v Krymu. Simfereopol: Tavriia, 1997.

Zasedanie vserossiiskogo tsentral’nogo ispolnitel’nogo komiteta 4-go sozyva: protokoly. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920.

Zashikhin, A. N. “O chisle zhertv krovavogo voskresen’ia,” Vestnik pomorskogo universiteta, 2008, no. 3: 5–9.

Zbarskii, B. I. Mavzolei Lenina. Moscow: Politcheskaia literatura, 1945.

Zdanovich, A. A. Organy gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti i Krasnaia armiia: deiatel’nost’ organov VChK-OGPU po obespecheniiu bezopasnosti RKKA, 1921–1934. Moscow: Kuchkovo pole/Iks-Khistori, 2008.

Zdesenko, V. I. Gorki Leninskie. Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1985.

Zeidler, Manfred. Reichswehr und Rote Armee 1920–1933: Wege und Statioinen einer ungewohnlkichen Zusammenarbeit, Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1993; 2nd ed., 1994.

Zelenov, M. V. “Rozhdeniie partiinoi nomenklatury,” Voprosy istorii, 2005, no. 2: 3–24.

Zeman, Z. A. B. The Break-Up of the Habsburg Empire, 1914–1918. New York: Oxford University Press, 1961.

———, ed. Germany and the Revolution in Russia 1915–1918: Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry. New York: Oxford University Press, 1958.

“Zemel’nye poriadki za uralom,” in Aziatskaia Rossiia, 3 vols, edited by G. V. Glinka. St. Petersburg: A.F. Marks, 1914.

Zen’kovskii, Aleksandr V. Pravda o Stolypine. New York: Vseslovianskoe, 1956.

Zenkovsky, Serge. “The Tataro-Bashkir Feud of 1917–1920,” Indiana Slavic Studies, 2 (1958): 37–61.

———. Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.

Zetkin, Klara. Reminiscences of Lenin. New York: International, 1934.

———. Vospominaniia o Lenine. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1955.

———, et al. We Have Met Lenin. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1939.

Zhidkov, G. P. “Krest’iane Altaia ot fevralia k oktiabriu: k istorii krakha kabinetskogo zemlevladeniia,” in Voprosy istorii sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoi i kul’turnoi zhizni Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka. Novosibirsk: Nauka, Sibirskoe otdelenie, 1968.

Zhilinskii, V. B. Organizatsiia i zhizn’ okhrannago otdeleniia vo vremia tsarskoi vlasti. Moscow: T-vo Riabushkinskikh, 1918.

Zhitkov, N. “Prodfurazhnoe snabzhenie russkikh armii v mirovuiu voinu,” Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal, 1940, no. 12: 65–81.

Zhordaniia, N. Moia zhizn’. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1968.

———. Bol’shevizm. Berlin: TsK sotsial-demoktraticheskoi rabochei partii, no date.

Zhukov, G. K. Vospominaniia i razmyshleniia, 3 vols. Moscow: Novosti, 1995.

Zhukovskii, N. P. Polnomochnyi predstavitel’ SSSR. Moscow: Politizdat, 1968.

Zhvaniia, G. K. Bol’shevistkaia pechat’ Zakavkaz’ia nakanune i v period pervoi Russkoi revoliutsii. Tblisi: Tsentral’nyi komitet Kommunisticheskoi partii Gruzii, 1958.

Zibert, V. “O bol’shevistskom vospitanii,” Na strazhe, 1924, no. 25: 9–10.

Zima, V. F. Chelovek i vlast’ v SSSR v 1920–1930e gody: politiki represii. Moscow: Sobranie, 2010.

Zimmerman, Joshua D. Poles, Jews, and the Politics of Nationality: The Bund and the Polish Socialist Party in Late Tsarist Russia, 1892–1914. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2005.

Zinov’ev, G. Leninizm: vvedenie v izuchenie Leninizma. Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1925.

———. Litsom k derevne! Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1925.

———. N. Lenin. Petrograd: Petrogradskii Sovet, 1918.

———. God revoliutsii: fevral’ 1917—mart 1918. Leningrad: Gosizdat, 1925.

———. Istoriia Rossiiskoi kommunisticheskoi partii (bol’shevikov). Yekaterinburg: Ural-kniga, 1923.

———. Bol’shevizm ili trotzkizm? Leningrad: proletarii, 1925.

———. Bor’ba za Petrograd, 15 oktiabra–6 noiabria 1919. Petrograd: Gos. sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe izd., 1920.

———. Zwolf Tage in Deutschland. Hamburg: C. Hoym Nachf. L. Cahnbley, 1921.

———. and Trotskii, L. O miatezhe levykh s. r. Moscow: Petrogradskii Sovet, 1918.

Zitser, Ernest A. The Transfigured Kingdom: Sacred Parody and Charismatic Authority at the Court of Peter the Great. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004.

Ziv, G. A. Trotskii: kharakteristika (po lichnym vospominaniiam). New York: Narodopravstvo, 1921.

Zlokazov, G. I. Petrogradskii Sovet rabochikh i soldatskikh deputatov v period mirnogo razvitiia revoliutsii. Moscow: Nauka, 1969.

Znamenskii, Oleg N. Vserossiiskoe Uchreditel’noe Sobranie: istoriia sozyva i politicheskogo krusheniia. Leningrad: Nauka, 1976.

Zohrab, Irene. “The Socialist Revolutionary Party, Kerensky and the Kornilov Affair: From the Unpublished papers of Harold W. Williams,” New Zealand Slavonic Journal (1991): 131–61.

Zuber, Terence. Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning, 1871–1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Zubov, Nikolai. F. E. Dzerzhinskii: biografiia, 2nd ed. Moscow: Politicheskaia literatura, 1965.

Zubov, Platon. Kartina Kavkazskogo kraia prinadlezhashchago Rossii, i soprediel’nykh onomu zemel’: v istoricheskom, statisticheskom, etnograficheskom, finansovom i torgovom otnosheniiakh, 4 vols. St. Petersburg: Konrad Vingeber, 1834–5.

Zuckerman, Fredric S. The Tsarist Secret Police in Russian Society, 1880–1917. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1996.

Zviagintseva, A. P. “Organizatsiia i deiatel’nost’ militsii Vremmenogo pravitel’stva Rossii v 1917 g.,” Phd diss., Moscow State University, 1972.