The Life of Samuel Johnson

Visits Bath and Bristol with Johnson 541–4

Introduces Wilkes to Johnson 552

Interview with Hume on his deathbed

Birth of second son, David 570

1777Death of David 577

Meets Johnson at Ashbourne 595–635

1778 Visits London 644–717

Visits Thorpe, Yorkshire 717

Birth of third son, James 721

1779Visits London (16 March-4 May) 725–36

Visits Leeds with Colonel James Stuart 738, 745

Visits London (October) 739–45

Visits Lichfield, Chester, Carlisle, Liverpool and Warrington 745–8

1781 Visits London 803–28

Visits Southill with Johnson 828–37

1782 Death of his father 851

1783 Visits London 855–87

Visits Burke at Beaconsfield 879

Finishes The Hypochondriack

Publishes A Letter to the People of Scotland on the Present State of the Nation 905

1784 Stops at York on his way to London 909

Hurries back to Ayrshire with the intention of becoming a candidate for Parliament 909

Visits London 913–50

Visits Oxford with Johnson 920–36

Sees Johnson for the last time 950

Death of Johnson 998

1791Publishes his Life (16 May) 6

1792Death of Reynolds 7

1793Publishes second edition of the Life 8

Publishes Principal Corrections and Additions to the First Edition 7 1795 Death (19 May) 9

I Anonymous or General Descriptions of Himself

Descriptions: ‘a country gentleman’ 620; ‘a gentleman’ (chronological): who seemed fond of curious speculation 290; who was afraid of the superior talents of a lady he wished to marry 292; who argued that drinking drove away care 362; who had bought a suit of laces for his wife 450; who argued that Charles II would have done no harm, etc. 459; who wished to live in New Zealand 543; who irritated S.J. by asking questions 547, 668, 861; who argued that in certain circumstances a husband might do as he pleased 743; ‘a man’ (chronological): who was forward in making himself known 504; who had been guilty of vicious actions 533; who had resolved to test friendship by borrowing 652; ‘one of the company’ (chronological): who thought the concluding lines of the Dunciad too fine 304; whose head was described by S.J. as his ‘peccant part’ 311; who attempted to rally S.J. 439; ‘one of S.J.’s friends’ (chronological): who argued in favour of a country life 362; who went tipsy to dine with him 498; ‘a young gentleman’ who teased S.J. with his servant’s infidelity 267; ‘a young man’ who was troubled by his lack of knowledge 238.

In the following references J.B. probably, but not certainly, describes himself: ‘a friend’ who asked S.J. what he thought of a tanti man 825; ‘a gentleman’: who introduced his brother to S.J. 773; who provoked S.J. by quoting him against himself 915; who thought Walpole incapable of writing the Heroic Epistle 938; ‘someone’ who wickedly tried to rouse S.J. 305.

II Life, Character, Qualities, Opinions, etc.

account: by S.J. 249, 403 n. a; of himself 204, 215; accuracy 5, 441, 449, 568, 636, 684 n. a, 764, 810, 952, 973, 986; advocate, admitted as an 271; for cases in which he acted as counsel, see counsel; affection of distress 803, 974; Alnwick, visits 335; America, ignorance of 419; Americans, sides with the 420, 430, 634, 643, 693, 809, 905; ancestry 483, 619, 872; an antiquary 747 n. a; anxiety for the safety of his family 521; apprehensions of unhappiness 247; his archives 670 n. a; and the army, see military ambitions; Ashbourne, visits 590, 592, 595–635; Auchinleck, describes 243, 620; authenticity, love of, see accuracy; avidity for delight 747; bar, enters the, see English bar; Bath, visits 541; belief in Christianity or Providence 211, 215, 432; birth, love of high, see gentility; birthday 297 n. c; on bishops 805–6; boastful 870; books, slight knowledge of 454; ‘Bozzy’ 398; Bristol, visits 543; bustle, makes a 725; cards, gambles at 727; Carlisle, suggests meeting S.J. at 577, 584–5, 587, 590; cats, antipathy to 872; cowardly caution 636–7; celebrated men, acquaintance with 267, 552; changefulness, wretched 627; character, see account; ‘intellectual chemistry’ 552; Chester, visits 746–8; his children 402, 411, 467, 721; blessed by a non-juring bishop 725; guardians to 739; loved by S.J. 759; church, fondness for going to, see piety; a citizen of the world 426; classical learning, see quotations; the Club: elected 387; member of 252; proposed by S.J. 385; S.J.’s Charge 387; for his reports of conversations at and meetings of, see Index of Subjects: Club, the; ‘clubable’ 903 n. a; thinks a convict unjustly condemned 414 n. a; and Corsica, see Index of Places: Corsica; counsel: in ecclesiastical censure case 547–8; before the House of Commons 645, 805; before the House of Lords 337, 642; Sir Allan Maclean’s case 573; prosecution of a schoolmaster 637; Society of Solicitors’ case 834; Vicious Intromission 364, 370; his ‘wise and noble curiosity’ 263, 293; Dalblair, buys the farm of 634; daughters, on the treatment of 489 n. a; his death 9; at times not afraid of 605; debts 408; paid by his father 569; S.J.’s warnings against incurring any 847–8, 849–50, 851, 855; delay inherent in him 573; describes visible objects with difficulty 624; Devonshire, visits 460; dignity, on preserving 297 n. c; dinner, goes without 354; dissatisfaction, given to 645; Douglas Cause, interest in the, see IV; Dresden, visits 144 n. a; drinking: a lover of wine 614, 655 n. a; nerves affected by port 230; S.J. advises moderation and abstinence 614, 910, 915; to excess: – at Miss Monckton’s 823; – at the Duke of Montrose’s 823; tries abstinence 498 n. 546, 701; vows of sobriety 498 0n. 546; ‘drudges in an obscure corner’, and the Dunciad 304; early rising, difficulty of 613; Easter worship in St Paul’s, see piety; English bar: discouraging prospects 620 n. a; discusses with S.J. the way to success at the bar 620, 935; enthusiasm: of mind 586 n. a; to go with Capt. Cook 523; to go to the ‘wall of China’ 668; feudal 620; Essex Head Club, member of 903 n. a; Eumelian Club, member of 985 n. a; exact likeness, draws an 255; executions, love of seeing 945; fame, ardour for literary 8, 297 n. c, 621, 790 n. a; fancy, his sprightly, see imagination; farm, purchases a, see Dalblair; father, see III; Others: Auchinleck, Lord; feelings, ardent 297; ‘fervour of loyalty’ 581; free will, love of discussing, see Index of Subjects: free will; a genealogist 670 n. a; gentility, love of 257–9, 438; ghosts, talks of 815 n. a; at Glasgow University 226, 245; Greek: has little 743; S.J. advises him to study 244; ‘an honest chronicler as Griffith’ 17; habitations, see houses; lodgings; at the Handel festival 919, 921; happiest days, one of his 816–17; the Hebrides, first talk of visiting 237, 417; houses: in James’s Court, Edinburgh 606; rents Dr Boswell’s house in the Meadows 583, 586, 590; see also lodgings; hypochondria: pride in it 566, 751; persuaded to throw it off 734; suffers from 490, 565–7, 639, 721, 734, 748, 749, 929 n. a,974-5; his ‘hypocrisy of misery’ 803; idleness 245; imaginary ills: fancies that he is neglected 466, 541, 595; – that his wife and children are ill 521; imagination 720; infidelity in his youth 215; intellectual excesses 748; intemperance, see drinking; Ireland, visits 343; isthmus, compares himself to an 302; Italy, visits 266, 290; Jacobitism when a boy 228 n. b; associations connected with it 724; Johnson’s Court, veneration for 382; kindness to tenants 855; knowledge: at the age of twenty-three 218; at twenty-five 265; lack of 238; see also Greek; Latin; learning; as a Laird 855; his Latin 40, 272, 273; law, study of 212, 226; lawyer: unwilling to become 212, 226; see also advocate; English bar; laxly, lives 744; a lay-patron 392; Liberty and Necessity, troubled by 803; Lichfield, visits 511, 560, 745; and the Literary Club, see Club, the; lodgings in London: (1763) Downing Street, Westminster 223, 231; Farrar’s Buildings, Inner Temple Lane 231; (1768) Half Moon Street, Piccadilly 293; (1769) Old Bond Street 304; (1772) Conduit Street 348; (1773) Piccadilly 376; General Paoli’s in South Audley Street 536, 698; see also houses; London: exalted spirits there 656–7; love of it 244, 408, 521, 619, 720; S.J. consulted about a visit to it 408–9; – advises him to take his wife to it 620; – gives advice about his removing to it 957; visits: (1760) 204; (1762-3) 205–45; (1766) 263–8; (1768) 287–96; (1769) 297–318; (1772) 338–67; (1773) 372–401; (1775) 429-63; (1776) 493–8, 519, 521–61; (1778) 644–717; (1779) 725–36, 739–45; (1781) 803–28; (1783) 855–87; (1784) (sets out in March, but turns back at York 909) 913–50; his loose life 350, 533, 744; manners, want of 519; marriage: approaching 297, 298, 300, 317; takes place 334; masquerade, at a 369; mechanics, ignorance of 611; melancholia, see hypochondria; military ambitions and love of military life 212; ‘all mind’ 748; mind: ‘somewhat dark’ 464; talks of the state of his 900; ‘mingles virtue and vice’ 392; music, affected by 630; mystery and the mysterious, love of 645, 815 n. a; narrowness, occasionally troubled with 869; nature, no relish for 243; ‘old-hock humour’ 498 n. 546; Ossian, opinions on, see Others: Macpherson, James; ostentatious 245; Oxford, visits in: (1768) 287; (1776) 498–504; (1784) 921–36; Parliament, wishes to be in 884, 911; piety: Easter worship in St Paul’s 351, 374, 408–9, 454, 531, 694, 729, 814, 879; elevated by pious exercises 831; fondness for going to church 221 n. a, 621; love of consecrated ground 748, 749; on communicating 830–31; place or office, longs for a 848, 885; plays his part admirably 746; political character and opinions 167–8; Praeses, elected 899; pronunciation 345; quotations, his felicitous 17; reading: neglects 454; yearly reading of Rasselas 183; reserve, practises some 4; retirement to a desert, talks of 300; ridicule, defies 23, 626; Royal Academy, Secretary for Foreign Correspondence 296 n. b; rural beauties, little taste for 243; St Paul’s, Easter worship at, see piety; Scotland: finds it too narrow a sphere 619; forty years’ absence from it suggested to him 532; his native country 290; Scots and Scottishness: ‘a Scotchman without the faults of a Scotchman’ 712; his Scotch accents 345, 576; his Scotch shoe-black 436; ‘one Scotchman who is cheerful’ 732; ‘scarce esteemed a Scot’ 124; unscottified 389; self-tormentor 247; Shakespeare, admiration of 692; at Shakespeare’s Jubilee 297; his shorthand 668–9; his long head equal to it 857; slavery, approves of 632, 633–4, 638; no Socrates 275; soldier, desires to be a, see military ambitions; sophist, plays the 732; studies, S.J.’s advice as to his 218, 227, 240, 242, 244, 249–50, 743; succession: preference for male 468 n. a, 484, 489 n. a; to the barony of Auchinleck 483–90; superstitious 129–30, 815 n. a, 914, 974–5; see also ghosts; mystery; Index of Subjects: second sight; sympathy, blames himself for lack of 308; a tanti man 825; tenderness, calls for 640; toleration, discusses 394–6; topics, has but two 547; his Toryism 581, 617 n. a; town, pleasure in seeing a new 610; tranquillity, desires 639; truthfulness, see accuracy; unobservant 936; Utrecht, goes to 212, 248; his vanity 8; vows: love of making 271, 275; of sobriety, see drinking; Walton’s writings, edified by 413; water-drinking, tries, see drinking; wine, love of, see drinking; at York 909, 911.

III Relations and Correspondence with other Persons, and their Correspondence with, and Opinions of, Boswell

Dr Adams, correspondence with 6, 973; Baretti, exposes 265; Beattie, correspondence with 339 n. a; Blair: correspondence with 740; witnesses agreement for his Sermons 571; Godfrey Bosville, correspondence with 761; Burke, friendship with 879; Dr Churton, correspondence with 929 n. a; Courtenay’s lines on him 123; Dr Cullen, correspondence with 908; Derrick in his London ‘tutor’ 239; Edward Dilly, correspondence with 579; Donaldson, praises 231; father: censures him for his second marriage 301; disagrees with him 570; – about heirs general and heirs male 483–4, 565; on better terms with him 263, 569, 570, 578, 637, 723, 763; S.J.’s advice about him 749; uneasy with him 226; see also Others: Auchinleck, Lord; lends Sir W. Forbes his journal 635; thinks Fox had no notion of immortality 453; Garrick: correspondence with 724; friendship with 145, 724; slyly introduces his fame 665; soothes him 302; Mrs Garrick, dines with 816; Gibbon, dislike of, see Others: Gibbon, Edward; Goldsmith: account of 218–21; dines him 304; mentions his foibles 219, 359, 398; takes leave of him 399; visits his lodgings 356; great or celebrated men, acquaintance with 267, 552, 625; has hopes: from Burke 885; from the Rockingham ministry 847; Lord Hailes, correspondence with 229; Warren Hastings, correspondence with 799; Hector: correspondence with 973; visits withS.J. 507–8, 510–11; see also Others: Hector, Edmund; Hume, interview with, on his deathbed 605; Johnson (Boswell’s opinions on): acquaintance with (chronological) – first meeting 208, 448; – calls on him for the first time 210; – entertains him for the first time 223–4; – dines for the first time at his house 374; – weekly meetings to be arranged 586 n. a; – need of a yearly meeting 585, 590, 630, 761; – under his roof for the last time 949; – last talk 949; – last farewell 950; awe, regrets losing some of his 645; breakfasts with 739; censures for inattention to Lord Marchmont 790; close connection with 428; constant respectful attention to 453; consulted about America by 418, 430; conversation, records – at first with difficulty 223; – with assiduity 19; – with less assiduity 298; – fails to record it 242, 824; collects his sayings into volumes 810; death of, viewed with dismay 576; diary, reads his 992; differs from in politics on two points only 643, 905; discusses him with Robertson and Reynolds at Ramsay’s 702–3; his ‘Guide, Philosopher and Friend’ 522, 831, 1000; hide his faults, does not 21, 671 n. b; his Journey, reads in one night 417; leads him to talk 360, 539; letters – kept back 584, 586; – keeps copies of those to him 262; – gaps in correspondence with 262, 285; – neglects to write to him 334, 736–7, 975; –proposes weekly correspondence 738; – to 262, 271, 273, 293, 315, 334, 335, 337, 368, 405, 410–11, 412–13, 417, 419, 420, 427, 464, 467, 480, 481, 489, 490, 565, 567, 568, 573, 575, 577–8, 583, 586 n. a, 589, 591, 592, 593, 636, 637, 639, 642–4, 673, 718, 724, 734, 737, 745, 747, 757, 760–62, 905, 974, 975; keeps away from, for a week, 706; love for, 244, 403, 576, 692, 761–2, 887, 949, 950; offends 290, 315, 634, 667, 693, 713; opens his mind to 215; at Oxford with 287; parting with, feelings on 401, 629; pension, advocates an addition to his 944–5, 948–50, 955–6; publishes without leave a letter from 287, 292; puts to the question 547, 667–8; teases 267; tries an experiment on his affection 736–8; veneration for 204, 267; visits (chronological) – Harwich with 244–5; – (invites to visit) Scotland, 289, 367, 383-4, 401; – Scotland and Hebrides with 403–4; – Oxford and the Midlands 493, 498; – Bath and Bristol 541–4; – Ashbourne 595–635; – Southill 828–37; – Oxford 920–36; Wilkes, brings him together with 552–61; wonders he has not more pleasure in writing 268; worships 702; not in will 989 n. a; Johnson (opinions on Boswell): advises him (chronological) – on his studies and conduct 242, 249–50; – on choosing guardians for his children 739; – on management of his household 851; – to stay at home and look after his wife 852; – on trying his fortune at the English bar 935; angry with him 693, 737; assigns him a room in his house 462, 575, 644; complains of the length of his letters 565 n. c; describes him as ‘worthy and religious’ 736; easier with him than with almost anybody 870; encourages him to turn author 217; gives him particulars of his early life 30–31; gives him Les Pensees de Pascal 728; keeps him up late drinking port 230, 729; ‘let us live double’ 822; letters – keeps his and directs them to be returned to him 262; – none from, for two years (1764-5) 262; – permits him to publish them after his death 293; – to him, see Johnson II; likens to a moth 247; love for him 215, 237, 244, 262, 298, 337, 369, 403, 453, 465, 481, 561, 565, 575, 587, 595, 630, 639, 640, 692, 719, 734, 747, 759, 761, 763, 803, 809 n. b, 856, 887, 949, 975; offended with him, and reconciled 315, 316; offers to write the history of his family 872; praises him as a travelling companion 237, 682; – gives him a thousand pounds in praise 729; recommends a lady client to him 410; reproves him 517; visits him when ill 734; witty at his expense 4, 360; Langton, correspondence with 753; Mickle: correspondence with 900; visits him at Wheatley 934; Monboddo, visits with S.J. 914 n. b; Mrs Montagu, quarrel with 799; mother-in-law, see stepmother; Lord Mountstuart: dedicates thesis to him, 272 n. b, 274; friendship with 834; puzzled by his indifference 878; Oglethorpe: gives him particulars of his life 449 n. b; introduces him to Shebbeare 825; Paoli, see Others: Paoli, Pasquale; Percy, correspondence with 45, 674; Pitt, correspondence with 907 n. a; Reynolds, correspondence with, see Others: Reynolds, Sir Joshua; Rousseau, visits 266, 374; Mrs Rudd, acquaintance with 561; Miss Seward: controversy with her 27 n. b, 55 n. a; meets 514, 677, 746; Adam Smith’s lectures, attends 226; his stepmother, on ill terms with 570; Colonel Stuart, see Others: Stuart, Lieutenant Colonel James; Temple, see Others: Temple, Revd William Johnson; Mrs Thrale, see Others: Thrale, Hester Lynch; Thurlow, correspondence with 944, 948; Voltaire, visits 230, 263; Vyse, correspondence with 589; welcome everywhere 747; John Wesley, introduced to, by S.J. 736; wife, in search of a 292 n. 254; see also Others: Boswell, Margaret; Wilkes, see Others: Wilkes, John; Miss Williams: his negotiation with her over the Wilkes dinner 554; her ‘love’ for him, 337; takes tea with 223, 244, 310; Zelide, see Others: Zuylen, Isabella de.

IV Works, Published and Projected, and Journals

Account of Corsica, with the Journal of a Tour to that Island: preface quoted by J.B., 297 n. c; publication 287; S.J.’s advice about it 266, 273; S.J. praises the Journal 298; prepares and intends to publish ‘Collections of Scotch antiquities’ 307, 747 n. a; Critical Strictures on Elvira 217; ‘Dictionary of words peculiar to Scotland’, prepares a 307; The Douglas Cause, a ballad 288 n. 250; ‘Epitaph’ on Soame Jenyns, probably by him 170 n. a; essays 864; see also The Hypochondriack; Essence of the Douglas Cause 288 n. 250, 382 n. a; The Hypochondriack, proposed collected edition of the first forty numbers 864; journal: its accuracy 295 n. a; entries made in company 952; four nights in one week given to it 243; imperfectly kept or neglected 298, 460, 706, 709, 715, 726–7, 818, 824, 901, 914, 919, 920, 928, 936, 945–6; kept one in his youth 229; kept with industry 5; kept in quarto and octavo volumes 810; sat up all night on it 243; S.J. – advises him to keep one 229, 375, 453; – pleased with it 664; – helps to record a conversation 664; – reminded that it is kept 762; – quoted or mentioned 213, 645; journal, Ashbourne 635; read by Forbes 635; journal, Chester 748; Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides: attacks on it 626; criticized 6; extensive circulation 403, 626; praised: by him 17 n. a; – by others 4, 6, 404; motto 626 n. 721; passages in, repeated by J.B. in the Life 30; quoted or referred to by J.B. in the Life 4, 22, 228 n. a, 922 n. a; read in MS by Mrs Thrale 465; Letter to the People of Scotland against Diminishing the Number of the Lords of Session (1785): mentions George III, 122 n. 90; quotes on the juries of England 526 n. b; Letter to the People of Scotland on the Present State of the Nation (1783) 905–7; sent to Pitt and other eminent persons 907 n. a; Letters of Lady Jane Douglas 288 n. 250; The Life of Johnson (chronological): progress through the press 5; composed in part by Manning 941; printed by Baldwin, see Others: Baldwin, Henry; editions, see Others: Malone, Edmond; additions and corrections to it 7; addenda and new notes to the third edition 9; may be assimilated to the Odyssey 8; compared with the Tour 4; editorial technique – treatment of journal or other raw material 287, 544; – missing words supplied 846 n. a; treatment of persons – of the dead 19 n. b; – of Goldsmith 219; – of Hawkins 19 n. b, 42; – of Monboddo 914 n. b; – of Mrs Piozzi 42, 43 n. a; opinions of – general commendation 8; – praised by Abercrombie 370; by friends or contemporaries of Johnson 973 n. a; – by Dr Knox 983 n. b; – by Reynolds 7; – depreciated by Steevens and Blagden 675 n. 801; ‘A Matrimonial Thought’, a song 317; Scots Magazine, contributes to 66; ‘Thesis in Civil Law’ 271–4; Travels on the Continent, wishes to publish 685, 685 n. a.

OTHERS

Abercrombie, Revd James (1758–1841): 186 n. e, 370, 388 n. b

Aberdeen, bishop of, see Campbell, Hon. and Revd Archibald

Abernethy, Dr John (1680–1740), Presbyterian minister; moderator of the general synod (1715–16); campaigned for the religious and political liberties of Dissenters; repudiated Calvinism; author of Reasons for the Repeal of the Sacramental Test (1733), Discourses concerning the Being and Natural Perfections of God (2 vols., 1740) and Sermons on Various Subjects (4 vols., 1748–51): 617 n. a, 914 n. a

Abington, Mrs Frances (1737–1815), actress; after some success at Drury Lane, enjoyed enormous fame in Dublin in roles such as Mrs Sullen, in The Beaux’ Stratagem (1759); returned to London to become one of the leading comedy actresses of her generation (1765); fractious correspondence with Garrick; most celebrated for role of Lady Teazle, a part written for her, in Sheridan’s The School for Scandal (1777); admired by S.J.; fashion role model: 434, 436, 439, 448

Abingdon, Willoughby Bertie, 4th Earl of (1740–90), politician; independent who co-operated with Rockingham and Chatham oppositional parties of 1770s and early 1780s; vocal critic of the administration’s American policies; supporter of second Rockingham administration; patron in London music scene; involved in effort to bring Haydn to England; accomplished flautist: 759 n. a

Abreu, Marquis of: 189

Adam, Robert (d. 1792) and James (d. 1794), architects: 436, 609, 759

Adams, Dr William (1706–89), Master of Pembroke College, Oxford; Church of England clergyman; tutor of S.J. at Pembroke College, Oxford, remarking ‘I was his nominal tutor, but he was above my mark’; archdeacon of Llandaff (1777); attended first performance of S.J.’s Irene (1749); author of An Essay on Mr Hume’s Essay on Miracles (1752); encouraged S.J. to produce his Prayers and Meditations (1785): 6, 38, 39 n. c, 45, 47, 77, 78, 101, 106, 110, 111 and n. a, 143–4, 155, 500, 921, 926, 928, 929, 936, 973, 989 n. a, 997

n. a Adams, George (d. 1773), maker of scientific instruments and globes; mathematical instrument maker to the Office of Ordnance (1748–72); mathematical instrument maker to the Prince of Wales (the future George III) (1756); Treatise on his new 18 and 12 in. globes of 1766 included a dedicatory contribution by S.J.: 15, 286

Adams, Mrs, wife of Dr W. Adams: 921, 929

Adams, Sarah (1746–1804), daughter of Dr W. Adams: 921, 925

Adams, William (fl. 1656), founder of Newport School, Salop: 76 n. a

Addison, Joseph (1672–1719), writer and politician; Whig and member of the Kit-Cat Club; friend of Swift, Steele and Congreve; a commissioner of appeal in Excise (1704); under-secretary in the office of the Secretary of State for the Southern Department (1705); secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1708); Secretary of State for the Southern Department (1717–18); contributor to Steele’s Tatler before founding The Spectator (1711) and publishing the most important literary criticism of the century before S.J.; playwright of the hugely successful Cato (Drury Lane, 1713): 21, 114, 125 and n. a, 166, 178, 192, 225, 258, 304, 373, 398, 433 n. b, 447 and n. a, 459, 536, 542, 555, 606, 649, 676, 690, 695, 707, 776, 791–3, 806, 814, 816, 866, 987–8; see also Index of Works and Literary Characters: Spectator, The

Adey, Mrs Joseph, Felicia Hammond (d. 1778): 469, 735

Adey, Mary (1742–1830): 26, 513, 745, 844

Aelian (fl. c.ad 200), ancient Greek historian and zoologist: 976 n. a

Aeschylus (525–456 bc), ancient Greek tragic poet; combatant in the Persian Wars, fighting at Marathon and possibly also Salamis; author of some ninety plays, of which seven have survived –Suppliants, Persians, Seven Against Thebes, Prometheus Vinctus and the trilogy The Oresteia; the founder of Greek tragedy: 662, 771

Agar, Welbore Ellis (1735–1805), commissioner of customs: 584

Agutter, Revd William (1758–1835), Church of England clergyman; strong loyalist; committed to abolition of slave trade; used example of the contrasting deathbeds of S.J. and Hume to demonstrate ‘the difference between the death of the righteous and the wicked’to Oxford University congregation atStMary’s Church (23 July 1786): 922 n. b, 928 n. a, 1001 n. a

Aikin, Miss, see Barbauld, Mrs

Akenside, Mark (1721–70), poet and physician; edited The Museum (1746–7), publishing work byS.J. and Christopher Smart; physician-in-ordinarytoQueen Charlotte (1761); author of ‘The Pleasures of the Imagination’, a philosophical poem in blank verse that greatly influenced Wordsworth and Coleridge; published on medical themes, De dysenteria commentarius (1764): 192, 347, 520, 535, 794

Akerman, Richard (c.1722–92), keeper of Newgate: 600, 756, 757

Alberti, Leandro (1479–1553), author of the Descrittione di tutta l’Italia (Venice, 1577): 447

Alcibiades (fl. c. 450 bc), a noble Athenian politician and military commander of exceptional beauty and talent, but also unscrupulous and dissolute: 648, 667

Aldrich, Revd Stephen (d. 1789), rector of Clerkenwell: 216 n. a

Alexander the Great (356–323 bc), kingofMacedon, the most successful military commander of antiquity; conqueror of Asia, Syria, Egypt, Persia and India; responsible for the dissemination of Greek culture over the Near East: 22, 136, 362, 915

Alfred the Great (848–99), king of the West Saxons and of the Anglo-Saxons, man of great learning; the founder, defender and saviour of the English nation: 101, 838 and n. a

Allen: 25 n. b

Allen, Edmund (1726–84), printer: 247, 446, 598, 600, 668, 692, 729, 888, 889, 959 and n. b, 963, 967, 969, 975

Allen, Mr (?Hollyer, b. 1730), of Magdalen Hall: 179

Althorp, George John Spencer, Viscount, afterwards 2nd Earl Spencer (1758– 1834), politician and book-collector; pupil of Sir William Jones; member of the Club (1778); fellowof the Royal Society (1780); Rockingham Whig; crossed the floor to join Pitt in the wake of the French Revolution; first lord of the Admiralty (1794); patron of the poet John Clare; in retirement, assembled the greatest private library in Europe, and served as the first president of the Roxburghe Club: 731, 753

Amory, Dr Thomas (1701–74), Nonconformist divine: 617 n. a

Amyatt, Dr John (c.1732–1810), physician: 201 n. a

Anacreon (fl. sixth century bc), lyric poet whose work survives only in fragments, dealing chiefly with the pleasures of love and wine: 368, 855, 895, 909

Anderson, John (1726–96), natural philosopher; chair of natural philosophy at Glasgow University (1757), voting for himself; hatched grandiose and impractical scheme to found new university at Glasgow; nicknamed Jolly Jack Phosphorus; active in Glasgow literary society; member of the royal societies of London and Edinburgh, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland and the Natural History Society of London; author of the Institutes of Physics (1777): 585

Andrews, Dr Francis (d. 1774), provost of Trinity College, Dublin: 257

Angell, Captain Henry (d. 1777), RN of the Stag, frigate: 186

Angell, John, the elder (d. 1764), writer on shorthand; stenographer; published Stenography, or, Shorthand Improved (1758), a work to which S.J. subscribed: 379, 669

Anne (1665–1714), queen of Great Britain and Ireland; fourth child and second daughter of James II; younger sister of Mary II, wife of William of Orange, later William III; married to Prince George of Denmark; reconciled to William after the death of Mary (1694); acceded to the throne on William’s death in 1702; early ally of the Tories; presided over the peace treaty of Utrecht (1713), announcing Britain as a major world power; twelve-year reign ushered in eighteenth-century peace and prosperity after the warring and uncertainty that closed the previous century: 28, 29, 225, 594

Anson, George, Baron (1697–1762), naval officer and politician; rear admiral (1745); vice-admiral (1746); Commander of the Squadrons in the Channel; driving force behind the Admiralty board of 1744; full admiral (1749); vice-admiral of Great Britain (1750); first lord of the Admiralty (1751–62); made unpopular by the loss of Minorca: 726

Anspach, Elizabeth, Margravine of, see Craven, Baroness

Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, see Marcus Aurelius

Apicius, the famous epicure who lived during the reign of the emperor Tiberius: 503

Apollonius Rhodius (c.295–215 bc), poet and librarian; author of The Argo-nautica, a Greek epic on the subject of Jason, which influenced Virgil: 158 and n. a, 401

Arblay, Mme d’, see Burney, Frances

Arbuthnot, Dr John (1667–1735), physician and satirist; intimate friend of Swift; author of five best-selling ‘John Bull’ pamphlets in support of Robert Harley; formed the ‘Scriblerus Club’ with Swift, Pope, Parnell, Grey and Lord Treasurer Oxford; co-wrote Three Hours After Marriage with Pope and Gay (1717); accomplished and witty letter-writer; described by S.J. in the Life of Pope as ‘a man of great comprehension, skilful in his profession, versed in the sciences, acquainted with ancient literature and able to animate his mass of knowledge by a bright and active imagination’: 225, 460

Argenson, Antoine Rene´ de Voyer, Marquis de Paulmy d’ (1722–87), statesman and bibliophile: 471

Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of (1682–1761): 107, 557

Argyll, Jane (Warburton), Duchess of (c.1683–1767), wife of the 2nd Duke of Argyll: 134

Argyll, John Campbell, 5th Duke of (1723–1806): 573–4

Ariosto, Ludovico (1473–1533), Italian poet and author of Orlando Furioso (1516): 151, 766

Aristotle (384–322 bc), Greek philosopher: 109n.b,538, 680, 769, 821, 976n.a

Armagh, Archbishops of, see Stuart, Hon. and Revd William; Ussher, Dr James

Armstrong, Dr John (1709–79), poet and physician: 186 n. e, 584

Arnauld, Antoine (1612–94), Jansenist theologian: 711

Arnold, Dr Thomas (1742–1816), physician and mad-doctor; physician at Leicester Infirmary (1771); took over father’s mad-house in Leicester (1766); major work, Observations on the Nature, Kinds, Causes, and Prevention of Insanity, Lunacy, or Madness, 2 vols. (1782, 1786); pioneered shift towards ‘moral’ treatment of the insane: 618 n. a

Arran, Charles Butler, Earl of (d. 1758), chancellor of Oxford University: 152–3

Ascham, Roger (1515–68), author and royal tutor; author of Toxophilus (1545), an educational manual that became an important model of English vernacular prose writing; tutored Princess, later Queen, Elizabeth (1548–50); Latin Secretary to Edward VI and Mary I; fame rests on The Scholemaster (published 1570), a work popularizing the educational views of Renaissance Englishmen: 15, 245

Ash, Dr John (1723–98), physician; substantial subscriber to the Birmingham General Hospital (founded 1779); patients included the antiquary William Hutton and the poet William Shenstone; fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1787); painted by Reynolds (1788); founder of the Eumelian Club: 985 n. a

Ashburton, Lord, see Dunning, John

Ashmole, Elias (1617–92), astrologer and antiquary; compiled Theatrum chemi-cum Britannicum (1652); specialist in the Order of the Garter; catalogued the Bodleian Library’s collection of Roman coins; author of The Institution, Laws and Ceremonies of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (i6jz); bequeathed his collection of curiosities to Oxford University on the proviso of its erection of the Ashmolean Museum (1683), the first public museum in modern Europe: 616

Astle, Revd Daniel (c. 1743–1826): 936

Astle, Thomas (1735–1803), archivist and collector of books and manuscripts; engaged by the British Museum to compile an index to the catalogue of the Harley manuscripts; took over from Philip Morant in the printing of the ancient rolls of Parliament (1770); author of The Origin and Progress of Writing (1784); collected over 250 manuscripts: 89, 838 and n. a

Astley, Philip (1742–1814), equestrian performer and circus proprietor; set up ‘riding school’ on Lambeth Marsh and ‘Astley’s Amphitheatre’ at the south-east foot of Westminster Bridge (1769); opened the Amphitheatre Astley in Paris (1783); established the Equestrian Theatre Royal in Dublin; served as horse-master, reporter and celebrity morale-booster in Flanders; epitomized advance of artisan classes into the market: 744

Aston, Catherine (c.1705-c.1780): 49

Aston, Elizabeth,‘Mrs Aston’ (1708–85): 513, 515, 516, 593–94, 637, 746, 747

Aston, Hon. and Revd Henry Hervey, see Hervey, Hon. and Revd Henry

Aston, Jane, see Gastrell, Mrs

Aston, Magdalen, see Walmsley, Mrs Magdalen

Aston, Mary (‘Molly’) (Mrs Brodie) (1706-c.1765): 49 and n. b, 514, 707, 708 and n. a, 795

Aston, the Misses: 49 and n. b

Aston, Sir Thomas, 3rd Baronet (1666–1725): 49–50 and 49 n. b

Aston, Sir Thomas, 4th Baronet (d. 1744): 49 n. b, 50, 62 n. a

Atholl, Walter Stewart, Earl of (d. 1437), magnate; executed after a failed coup d’etat: 264

Atterbury, Francis (1662–1732), bishop of Rochester (1713), politician and Jacobite conspirator; champion of the High Church cause; Tory; Harley’s chief ally in the clergy; dean of Carlisle (1704); forced into exile when his Jacobite actions came to light; acted as the Secretary of State for the Old Pretender; a genuinely devout writer, if not a great scholar; style admired by S.J.: 91, 308, 647, 657

Auchinleck, Alexander Boswell, Lord (1707–82), judge; father of J.B.; staunch Whig; strict Presbyterian; widely respected, upright, learned; reputation for being stern but impartial; spoke broad Scots from the bench; described by son as being ‘perhaps too anxiously devoted to utility’: 263, 300, 310, 370, 417, 418, 483–4, 574, 591, 621, 626, 640, 654, 725, 747, 851, 895, 906

Augustine, St (354–430), bishop of Hippo; one of the great fathers of the early Church, and probably the most significant Christian thinker afterStPaul; author of theConfessionsand The City of God: 476, 925

Augustus, Gaius Octavius (63 bc–ad 14), emperor of Rome and adopted son of Julius Caesar: 384, 516

Ausonius, Decimus Magnus (ad 310–c.395), poet and rhetorician; author of Mosella, a topographical poem on the Moselle: 105, 665

Bacon, Francis (1561–1626), Baron Verulam, Viscount of St Albans; Lord Chancellor (1618); politician and philosopher; close friend of the 2nd Earl of Essex; promoted the Anglo-Scottish Union with his theory of civic greatness; Solicitor-General (1607); Attorney General (1613); Lord Keeper (1617); author of The Advancement of Learning(1605), theNovum organum(1620) andThe History of the Reign of King Henry VII (1622); the most powerful and important lawyer inthe country; outlined comprehensiveprogrammesfor newmodelsoflaw, education and natural philosophy; the foundation of the Royal Society in 1660 reflected the Significance of Bacon’s scientific programme:24 andn.a,122, 344, 489, 628, 858, 878, 892, 916, 919

Bacon, John (1740–99), RA, sculptor; the most important designer for the British industry before Flaxman; awarded the Royal Academy School’s first ever gold medal in sculpture for relief Aeneas Carrying his Father from Burning Troy (1769); selected to execute a marble statue of S.J. for St Paul’s Cathedral (1788); staunch monarchist, Methodist and founding member of the Eclectic Society: 1002 n. a

Badcock, Samuel (1747–88), theologian and writer on literature; contributed to the Westminster Magazine, Gentleman’s Magazine, London Magazine and London Review; reviewed over 650 works between 1779 and 1787; Dissenter; published poet; minister at Barnstaple (1772–8): 993 n. a

Bagshaw, Revd Thomas (c.1711–87), perpetual curate of Bromley: 399 and n. a, 957

Bailey, Hetty, see Bayley, Hester

Baker, Sir George (1722–1809), physician; fellow of the Royal Society and physician to George III and Queen Charlotte; president of the Royal College of Physicians nine times (1785–95); author of An Essay Concerning the Cause of the Endemical Colic of Devonshire (1767), discovering the adverse effects of lead in Devon cider: 960

Baker, J. (fl. 1793), engraver: 1000 n. c

Baker, Mrs Eliza, wife of D. L. Erskine Baker (d. 1778), of the Edinburgh Theatre: 279

Balbus, Joannes: 476

Baldwin, Henry (c.1734–1813), London printer, newspaper proprietor; launched the St James Chronicle (1761), an outspoken critic of the government; charged and later acquitted for reprinting the Junius letter from the Public Advertiser (21 December 1769), attacking king and government: 941

Balguy, Revd John (1686–1748): 617 n. a

Ballow, Henry (1707–82), legal writer; S.J. attributed his own knowledge of law principally to Ballow; published A Treatise upon Equity (1737) anonymously; described by Hawkins as a ‘little, deformed man’; accomplished Greek scholar and famous for his knowledge of ancient philosophy: 530

Balmerino, Arthur Elphinstone, 6thBaron (1688–1746), Jacobite; executed for his part in the 1745 uprising; behaved with constancy and dignity on the scaffold: 103

Balmuto, Lord, see Boswell of Balmuto

Bancroft, Dr John (1574–1641), bishop of Oxford; friend and associate of Archbishop Laud; zealous episcopalian; active in the construction of Canterbury Quad, St John’s College, Oxford: 39

Bangor, bishop of, see Pearce, Dr Zachary

Bankes, John (d. 1772), of Kingston Lacy, Dorset, and MP for Corfe Castle: 84

Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820), naturalist and patron of science; president of the Royal Society (1778–1820); ex officio government adviser on a very broad range of issues; one of the founders of the African Society (1788); published little, but considerable role as a statesman of science has left a lasting legacy: 252, 336, 339, 616 n. a, 721, 723, 731, 999

Bannatyne, Revd George (d. 1769), cousin and brother-in-law of Dr Hugh Blair: 192

Barbauld, Mrs (Anna Letitia Aikin) (1743–1825), poet and essayist; sister of John Aikin; Poems (1773) a popular and critical success; with husband, opened a school for boys in Palgrave, Suffolk (1774); wrote for the Annual Review; provided prefaces for editions of Mark Akenside (1794), William Collins (1797), Addison and Steele (both 1804); first editor of the correspondence of Samuel Richardson (1804): 481, 616

Barber, Francis (1745?-1801), S.J.’s servant, born a slave in Jamaica; placed in S.J.’s service upon the death of his wife (1752); performed domestic duties diligently but friends doubted S.J.’s need for his service; principal legatee on S.J.’s death, receiving a £700 annuity; renowned lothario, as S.J. remarked: ‘Frank has carried the empire of Cupid farther than most men’: 20, 129, 130, 131 and n. b, 133, 186, 187, 263, 279 n. b, 374, 412,453, 462,467, 530, 541, 554, 569, 635, 644, 669, 739, 842, 843, 889, 890, 920, 970, 974, 989 and n. a, 998

Barber, Mrs Elizabeth (1756?–1826), wife of the preceding: 130, 569

Barbeyrac, Jean (1674–1844), French savant: 155

Barclay, Alexander (1475?-! 552), poet and scholar: 150

Barclay, James (c.1747-c.1770), a young student of Oxford who wrote An Examination of Mr Kenrick’s Review of Mr Johnson’s Edition of Shakespeare (1766) in defence of S.J.: 260

Barclay, Robert (1648–90), religious writer and colonial governor; converted to Catholicism in Paris; later renounced it to become an Aberdeen Quaker; leader in campaign to transform Quakerism from a loose, ecstatic movement into a tight, disciplined sect; admired by Voltaire; governor of East New Jersey; author of Theses theologicae (1674) and An Apology for the True Christian Divinity (1675): 509, 828 and n. a

Barclay, Robert (c.1740–1828), brewer: 828 n. a, 965, 989 n. a

Barclay, Mrs Robert, wife of the preceding: 965

Bard, a reverend (Tasker, Revd William): 726

Baretti, Giuseppe Marc’Antonio (1719–89), critic and miscellaneous writer: 13, 14, 15, 141, 149, 151, 164, 180, 188, 193 and n. a, 194, 197, 202–3, 2°5, 265, 292, 296, 3o8, 309, 370, 417, 504, 522, 528, 565 n. c, 571, 610, 616, 780, 942

Barnard, Dr Edward (1717–81), headmaster of Eton; increased the numbers at Eton from around 350 to 550; described by Horace Walpole as ‘the Pitt of masters’; subsequently appointed by George III as provost of Eton (1765): 754

Barnard, DrThomas (1728–1806), dean of Derry, afterwards bishop of Killaloe, Limerick, etc.: 59, 252, 427, 652, 563–4, 817, 818, 822, 826 and n. b, 831, 870–71

Barnard, Sir Frederick Augusta (1743–1830), king’s librarian: 281 and n. a, 282 n. a, 284

Barnes, Joshua (1654–1712), Greek scholar and antiquary; connected biblical and classical antiquity; author of Aulikokatoptron, sive, Estherae historia (1679), a 1,600-line rendition of the book of Esther into Homeric hexameter; published a History of Edward III (1688) as well as textual editions of Euripides (1694), Anacreon(i705) and Homer (1711): 677, 772

Barnes, Rachel, see Lloyd, Mrs Sampson

Barnston, Letitia (c.1710–82), niece of the Revd Roger Barnston, prebendary of Chester and rector of Condover: 746 and n. a

Barrett, William (1733–89), Bristol surgeon: 544

Barrington, Hon. Daines (1727–1800), judge, antiquary and naturalist; author of Observations on the Statutes, Chiefly the More Ancient (ij66), a significant contribution to legal history; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Society (both 1767); unreliable translation of King Alfred’s Orosius (1773); established The Naturalist’s Journal (1767); passionate interest in arctic exploration; ‘virtuoso’ or ‘dilettante’ intellectual: 393, 693, 825, 903 and n. a

Barrow, Dr Isaac (1630–77) mathematician, theologian and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge: 821 n. a

Barrowby, Dr William (1682–1751), physician: 925

Barry, James (1741–1806), RA, history painter, printmaker and author; produced six paintings to decorate the Great Room at the Adelphi (1777); professor of painting at Royal Academy; later expelled (1799); greatly admired by S.J.: 874–5, 886 and n. a, 902

Barry, Sir Edward (1696–1776), physician-general to forces in Ireland; professor of physic at University of Dublin (1745 –61); MP at Irish House of Commons for Charleville, Co. Cork: 536 and n. a

Barry, Spranger (1719–77), actor and impresario; famed for Othello and Romeo in Garrick productions; later fell out acrimoniously and joined Covent Garden company at end of the 1773–4 season: 1 ion. a, 448

Barter, James (fl. 1725), a miller and ex-Baptist preacher who wrote against Elwall: 348

Bartolozzi, Francis (1727–1815), engraver; established vogue for dotted prints or ‘stipples’; arrived in London in 1764 after making fame in Florence and Rome; noted for portrait after Reynolds of Lord Chancellor Thurlow (1782): 1000 n. c

Basil, St (329–79), early Church father who defended orthodoxy against the teachings of the Arians on the doctrine of the Trinity; bishop of Caesarea: 580, 773

Baskerville, John (1706–75), printer and typographer; first known use of ‘wove’ paper without watermark for several sheets of Virgil (1757); university printer at Cambridge (1758); less scrupulous proofreading as a result of expensive production methods: his editions were often textually flawed: 297

Bate, Revd Henry (Sir Henry Bate Dudley) (1745–1824), journalist: 928

Bateman, Revd Edmund (1704–51), tutor of Christ Church, Oxford: 46

Bath, William Pulteney, Earl of (1684–1764), politician; opponent of Walpole; launched the oppositional journal The Craftsman; friend of Swift, Gray and Pope; unwavering advocate of liberty: 88, 653

Bath and Wells, bishops of, see Ken, DrThomas; Still, Dr John

Bathiani, or Bathyani, Hungarian nobleman: 470

Bathurst, Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl (1684–1775), politician; critic of Walpole; supporter of Atterbury; ardent supporter of principles of party; friend of Congreve, Swift and Sterne; sketched by Sterne in the third of his Letters to Eliza (1775); addedbyPope to the third of his Moral Essays: 87, 711, 740 and n. a, 741

Bathurst, Dr Ralph (1620–1704), president of Trinity College, Oxford; involved in foundation of the Royal Society (1662); vice-chancellor of Oxford University; wrote prefatory verses to Hobbes’s Human Nature (1650): 989 n. a

Bathurst, Dr Richard (d. 1762), physician and writer, son of Colonel Richard Bathurst; brought S.J.’s servant, Frank Barber, to England from Jamaica; member of Ivy Lane Club and one of S.J.’s closest friends: 12, 105, 107, 129, 131 n. b, 132, 133 and n.a, 137, 138, 203, 778, 780

Bathurst, Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl (1714–94), Lord Chancellor (1771); took family seat at Cirencester, Gloucester; consistently voted against Walpole; author of The Case of the Unfortunate Sophia Swordfeager (1771): 344, 598

Bathurst, Richard (d. c. 1775), colonel and father of Dr Richard Bathurst, and West Indian planter: 131 n. b, 778

Battista, Angeloni, see Shebbeare, Dr John

Baxter, Revd Richard (1615–91), ejected minister and religious writer; opposed Cromwell; The Saints Everlasting Rest (1650) his best-known work and a canonical piece in devotional literature; imprisoned in 1669; also author of the classic of puritan evangelism, the Call to the Unconverted (1658); licensed to preach publicly for the first time in 1672; exceptionally prolific author of over 130books;Voluminous letter writer;Demonstrated affinities with the Cambridge Platonists and part of the development of rationalism that would lead to Locke and the deists; admired by Wesley and revered by nineteenth-century Dissenters: 114, 396, 412, 866, 886, 887, 893, 905

Baxter, William (1650–1723), classicist and antiquary; produced annotated editions of Anacreon (1695) and Horace (1701); contributed to antiquarian issues inPhilosophical Transactions; left unfinished Welsh Dictionary at death: 558 n.a

Bayle, Pierre (1647–1706), French Protestant scholar and philosopher: 155, 225, 1005

Bayley, Hester (d. 1785): 844

Bayley or Bayly, Sir Nicholas, 2nd Baronet (1709–82), MP for Anglesey, 1734– 41, 1747–61: 713

Beach, Thomas (d. 1737), poet and wine-merchant: 72, 388

Beattie, Dr James (1735–1803), poet and philosopher; achieved fame in the late 1760s and early 1770s through his Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth (1770, polemical attack on ‘sceptical philosophy’ and Hume in particular) and The Minstrel (1771-4, poem in Spenserian stanzas): 248, 260–62, 335, 337, 339, 363, 368, 369, 399 andn. a, 402–3, 562, 587, 706, 758 and n. c, 819, 867, 942, 945, 946

Beattie, Mrs, wife of Dr Beattie: 337, 339 andn. a, 340

Beauclerk, Lady Diana (Spencer) (1734–1808), artist and wife of Topham Beauclerk; illustrated Walpole’s The Mysterious Mother and Dryden’s Fables (1797): 387, 392, 418,439, 751, 816

Beauclerk, Hon. Topham (1739–80), book collector; original member of the Club in 1764; took an early liking to J.B. and aided his election to the Club; regarded by S.J. as the Club’s expert on polite literature; amassed collection of over 30, 000 volumes: 56, 133 n. a, 135–6, 191 andn. a, 197, 198, 201, 228, 251, 256, 278, 280, 309, 322,382, 385, 392, 398,412, 418,423, 429,433, 436,439, 446,447, 453, 455, 463, 470, 479, 491, 522, 526 n. b, 528, 531, 535, 575, 627, 628–9, 636–7, 675, 713, 714, 715, 730, 731, 732, 733, 749, 751 and n. a, 753, 767, 768, 772, 775 n. a, 777, 806, 816, 818, 821, 825, 864, 872

Beauclerk, Lady Sidney (d. 1766), Topham Beauclerk’s mother: 751

Beaufort, Elizabeth (Boscawen), Duchess of (1747–1828): 753

Beaumont (Francis c. 1584–1616) and Fletcher (John, 1579–1625): 442, 514

Becket, Thomas (fl. 1760–75), bookseller and publisher: 420

Beckford, William (1709–70), planter and politician; Alderman and Lord Mayor of London; one of the Jamaican Beckfords; leader of an influential group of MPs who were absentee proprietors from the West Indies; described by Horace Walpole as a ‘noisy, good humoured flatterer’: 560, 632

Bedford, Hilkiah (1663–1724), bishop of the Nonjuring Church of England; achieved fame through The Hereditary Right of the Crown of England Asserted (1713), a work he did not write although for which he was arrested: 922

Bedford, John Russell, 4th Duke of (1710–71), Whig politician; capable orator and strong leader of the Bedford group; variously lord of the Admiralty, Secretary of State for the South and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland: 938

Bedford, Francis Russell Bedford, 5th Duke of (1765–1802), agriculturalist and politician; first president of the Smithfield Club (1798); the Foxites’ leading speaker in the Upper House; most famous intervention was in scathing criticism of Burke: 677, 833

Behmen, or Bohme, Jacob (1575–1624), German mystic: 325

Belchier, John (1706–85), surgeon to Guy’s Hospital; fellow of the Royal Society (1732); sometime contributor to Philosophical Transactions: 547

Bell, Dr William (1731–1816), prebendary of Westminster: 369 n. a

Bell, John (1691–1780), diplomatist and traveller; author of Travels from St Petersburg in Russia to Various Parts of Asia (1763): 291

Bell, John, brother of Dr William Bell: 369 n. a

Bell, Mrs John (c.1710–71), wife of the above: 369 n. a

Bell, John (1745–1831), bookseller; ran the British Library from 1769; acting as agent for the Martin brothers, published The Poets of Great Britain (1777–82); credited with having introduced the ‘modern’ face in English printing; described by Charles Knight as the ‘puck of booksellers’: 579

Bell, Revd Robert (1702–81), minister of Strathaven: 718

Bellamy, (Mrs) George Anne (1731?-88), actress; played Juliet to Garrick’s Romeo in 1750 season at Drury Lane; took title role in Robert Dodsley’s Cleone at Covent Garden (1758), earning attention for an unconventionally simple and quiet performance: 175, 897 n. a

Belsham, William (1752–1827), Whig political writer, Dissenter and historian; author of Essays, Philosophical, Historical and Literary (1789); in later life produced A History of Great Britain from 1688 to 1820: 206 n. b

Bennet, James, of Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire: 15, 245

Bensley, Robert (1738?–1817?), actor discovered by Garrick; most successful role as Malvolio in Twelfth Night, praised by Charles Lambas ‘magnificent’: 287

Benson, Revd George (1699–1762), Nonconformist: 617 n.a

Bentham, Dr Edward (1707–76), university professor; moderate and orthodox canon of first prebend at Christchurch, Oxford (1754); regius professor of divinity at Oxford (1763); anonymously attacked Burke for his criticism of the university’s loyalty during the American crisis; author of Reflections on the Study of Divinity (1771) and Reflections upon the Nature and Usefulness of Logick (1740): 502, 617 n. a

Bentley, Richard (1662–1742), philologist and classical scholar; Master of Trinity College, Cambridge; staunch Hanoverian; edited Paradise Lost (1732), a virtual rewriting with over 800 emendations in the margin; in Dissertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris (1697), famously argued on grounds of philology that the letters could not have been written by their purported author; described by A. E. Housmanas‘the greatest scholar thatEnglandorperhaps Europeever bred’: 44, 502, 558 n. a, 773, 775 and n. a, 883

Benzo, a mistake for Benzoni, Gerolamo (1519–c.1572): 976n. a

Berenger, Richard (d.1782), courtierand equestrian; equerrytoGeorge III;wroteA NewSystemof Horsemanship(1754) andThe History and Art of Horsemanship (1771); gentleman of the horse to the king (1760); contributed poems to Robert Dodsley’s A Collection of Poems by Several Hands (1758): 812, 813 and n. a, 814

Beresford, Mrs and Miss: 280

Beresford, Revd Mr, tutor to the 5th Dukeof Bedford: 677

Beresford, Richard, Member of Congress (1783–4), and fatherof the above: 920

Berkeley, Dr George (1685–1753), Church of England bishop of Cloyne (1734), philosopher, figurehead of immaterialism; author of Alciphron; Tory ‘highly esteemed’ by the Jacobites; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin: 248, 330, 612, 617 n. a, 777

Beroaldo, Filippo, the elder (1453–1595), scholar: 475

Berriman, Dr William (1688–1750), divine: 617 n.a

Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of (1670–1734), army officer and Jacobite; colonel of the Royal Horse Guards (1688); knight of the Garter (1688); commander of French troops dispatched by Louis XIV to assist Philip V in Spain (1703); received greater attention after posthumous publication of Memoirs (1777): 678

Betterton, Thomas (1635?–1710), actor and theatre manager; greatest English actor between Burbage and Garrick; administrated for William Davenant’s heir until 1677; set up and ran Lincoln’s Inn Fields theatre (1695–1705); implemented the developmentof the spectacle in English theatre that had already been accomplished in Italy and Spain: 623

Bevil, Revd William (d. 1822): 799

Bewley, William (1726–83), surgeon, apothecary and writer; contributor to the Monthly Review, friend of Charles Burney, correspondent of Joseph Priestley: 838

Beza, Theodore de (1519–1605); author, translator, educator and theologian; succeeded Jean Calvin as leader of the Protestants at Geneva: 416

Bickerstaffe, Isaac (1733-?! 812), homosexual librettist; created Love in a Village (1762), a full-scale comic opera, Love in the City (1767), and The Padlock (1768), produced by Garrick at Drury Lane: 304, 434

Bicknell, John (d. 1787),? author of Musical Travels by Joel Collier (q.v.): 170

Bindley, James (1737–1818), book collector; commissioner of the stamp office (1765); self-avowed ‘incurable Bibliomaniac’: 9

Bingham, Sir Charles, see Lucan, Charles Bingham, ist Earl of

Binning, Charles Hamilton, Lord, later 8th Earl of Haddington (1753–1828), Langton’s brother-in-law: 359, 702

Birch, Dr Thomas (1705–66), compiler of histories and biographer; vicar of Ulting in Essex (1732); one of three editors of the General Dictionary, Historical and Critical (1732); elected to the Royal Society (1735); secretary for the Royal Society (1752–65): 13, 20, 21, 81,82 and n. a, 87 and n. c, 88 andn. c, 92, 105, 106 and n. a, 125, 126, 155, 166, 617 n. a

Blacklock, Dr Thomas (1721–91), poet and writer; author of An Essay on Universal Etymology (1756) and Poems on Several Occasions (1746); met S.J. and discussed the difficulties in compiling a dictionary: 179, 245

Blackmore, Sir Richard (c. 1655–1729), physician and writer; author of Prince Arthur: An Heroick Poem in Ten Books (1695); accused by Dryden of plagiarism; later wrote Eliza: An Epic Poem in Ten Books (1705) and The Nature of Man (1711); started The Lay-Monk with John Hughes (1713): 315, 316 and n. a, 724, 782 n. a, 793–4

Blackstone, Sir William (1723–80), legal writer, judge and Tory; established English law as an academic discipline at Oxford; author of Commentaries on the Laws of England, twenty-two successive editions of which appeared in England and Ireland by 1854: 46, 451 n. a, 484 n. a, 495, 730, 814

Blackwall, Revd Anthony (1674–1730), classical scholar and schoolmaster; produced 1706 edition of the verse of Theognis; author of An Introduction to the Classics (1718) and A New Latin Grammar (1728), of which S.J. was critical: 50 and n. a, 936, 993 n. a

Blackwell, Dr Thomas (1701–57), principal of Marischal College, Aberdeen, classical scholar and historian; author of An Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer (1735), Letters Concerning Mythology (1748) and Memoirs of the Court of Augustus (3 vols., 1753–63), pioneering studies in their field: 166, 168

Blagden, Sir Charles (1748–1820), physician: 477 n. a, 779

Blainville, H. de: 447

Blair, Dr Hugh (1718–1800), Church of Scotland minister and professor of rhetoric at Edinburgh University; man of letters; sermon against the Americans (1776) greatly offended J.B.; published Sermons in 1777: 192, 210, 294, 408, 410, 421, 543, 571, 575, 613, 616 and n. a, 637, 706, 707, 740 and n. a, 741, 817

Blair, Dr John (d. 1782), prebendary of Westminster, Church of England clergyman and chronologist; fellow of the Royal Society (1755); secretary to Edward, Duke of York; author of The Chronology and History of the World (1754): 740

Blair, Revd Robert (1699–1746), poet, author of The Grave (1743, 767 lines of blank verse; illustrated by Blake in 1808); minister in Haddington presbytery: 542n. a

Blair, Robert, of Avonton (1741–1811), son of the above, Solicitor-General of Scotland and Lord President of the Court of Session: 542

Blakeway, Revd John Brickdale (1765–1826), Church of England clergyman and antiquary; fellow of Society of Antiquaries (1807); author of A History of Shrewsbury (2 vols., 1825); elected to the ministry of the royal peculiar of St Mary’s, Shrewsbury: 9

Blanchetti, the Marquis and Marchioness: 470

Blaney, Mrs Elizabeth (d. 1694): 25, 971

Bloxam, RevdMatthew (1711–86): 687

Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313–75), Florentine writer and humanist, author of The Decameron: 475

Boccage, Madame du (1710–1802): 470, 478,946

Bochart, Samuel (1599–1667), scholar and linguist: 475

Bohme, Jacob, see Behmen

Boerhaave, Herman (1668–1738), Dutch physician and teacher of medicine; the subject of a short biography by S.J.: 10, 82, 460

Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (480–524), early Christian philosopher, author of the De Consolatione Philosophiae, which exerted great influence in the Middle Ages, and was translated by (inter alios) King Alfred and Chaucer: 81, 327

Boethius, Hector (1465?-1536), Scottish historian and college head: 407, 909

Bohemian servant, J.B.’s, see Ritter, Joseph

Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas (1636–1711), French neoclassical critic and poet: 20, 69, 142, 711, 670, 830, 958

Bolingbroke, Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount (1734–87): 713

Bolingbroke, Henry St John, 1st Viscount (1678–1751), Tory politician, diplomatist, author; Secretary for War (1704-8); Secretary of State for the North (1710); supported the Schism Bill against dissenting academies (1714); fled for France (1715); given earldom by the Pretender; Jacobite scapegoat for the fiasco of the 1715 rising; pardoned (1723); contributed to oppositional journal The Craftsman and author of Reflections upon Exile (1716); at the centre of Tory literary circle including Swift, Gay and Pope: 145, 162, 170, 177, 451, 650 n. a, 709, 711, 740 and n. a, 741, 790

Bolingbroke, Lady, divorced from the 2nd Viscount, see Beauclerk, Lady Diana

Bolingbroke (Marie Claire, Marquise de Villette), Viscountess (1675–1750), second wife of the 1st Viscount: 698

Bonaventure, St (c. 1217–74), leading medieval theologian, minister general of the Franciscan order, and cardinal bishop of Albano: 261

Bond, Mrs (fl. 1784), of Lichfield: 989 n. a

Bond, Phineas (1749–1815), Consul-General for the Middle and Southern States of America: 371

Boothby, Miss Hill (1708–56), friend of S.J., who was ‘almost distracted with grief when she died; likely target of S.J.’s attempts to remarry in 1753: 49, 795 n. a

Boothby, Sir Brooke (1710–89): 49

Borlase, Revd William (1695–1772), antiquary and naturalist; supplied samples of Cornish minerals to Pope; fellow of the Royal Society (1750); author of Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the Islands of Scilly (1756), lauded by S.J. in the Literary Magazine: 13, 166, 617 n. a

Boscawen, Hon. Edward (1711–61), admiral, RN: 702

Boscawen, Hon. Mrs (d. 1805), widow of the preceding, letter writer and literary heiress; muse and patron to several writers; dedicatee of Hannah More’s poem ‘Sensibility’: 702, 753, 816

Boscovich, Pere Roger Joseph (1711–87), mathematician and philosopher: 326, 480

Bosville, Diana, elder daughter of Godfrey Bosville, see Macdonald, Lady

Bosville, Godfrey (1717–84), of Gunthwaite andThorpe, Yorkshire: 761, 717

Bosville, Mrs Godfrey (d. 1780): 350

Boswell, Alexander, see Auchinleck, Lord

Boswell, David (d. 1661), 5th Laird of Auchinleck: 483

Boswell, David, J.B. ‘s brother, see Boswell, Thomas David

Boswell, David (1776-7), J.B.’s second son: 570, 577, 578

Boswell, Dr John (1707–80), J.B.’s uncle: 231, 514, 517–18, 523, 583

Boswell, Elizabeth (nee Boswell) (d. 1799), 2nd wife of Lord Auchinleck: 334, 570

Boswell, Euphemia (1774–1837), J.B.’s second daughter: 411, 489, 569, 576, 640

Boswell, James (d. 1749), J.B.’s grandfather: 483, 489

Boswell, James (1778–1822), barrister and literary scholar, J.B.’s second surviving son; member of the Roxburghe Club (1813); worked with Edmund Malone to edit a nine-volume Shakespeare (1821) and provide additional material for the third, fourth, fifth and sixth editions of Life of Johnson (1799, 1804, 1807, 1811):9, 330, 525, 721, 723

Boswell, Margaret (nee Montgomerie) (d. 1789), wife of J.B.; achieved fame through the Life, a work which was completed in large part through her endurance: 338, 402, 403, 404, 406, 408, 409, 411, 416, 417, 419, 420, 422, 429, 450,463, 464,465, 468,482, 483,487, 488,489, 491, 565, 566, 569, 570, 575, 576, 578, 586, 591, 592, 593, 609, 636, 639, 640,642, 719,720, 725,748, 759, 763, 840 and n. a, 848, 850, 851, 852, 853, 855, 862, 886, 892, 909, 910, 975

Boswell, Sir Alexander (1775–1822), poet, politician and eldest son of J.B.; member of the Roxburghe Club (1819); Tory MP for Plympton Erle, Devon: 467, 482,483, 489, 525, 565, 569, 575, 576, 578, 587, 640

Boswell, Sir William (d. 1649), diplomat and patron of learning; resident agent in the United Provinces at The Hague (1632); early follower of Galileo in England: 109 n. b

Boswell, Thomas (d. 1513), 1st Laird of Auchinleck: 483, 872

Boswell, Thomas David (d. 1826), J.B.’s youngest brother, a Spanish merchant and, subsequently, an inspector in the Navy Pay Office: 622, 757, 761–2, 763, 890, 998

Boswell, Veronica (1773–95), J.B.’s eldest daughter: 463, 565, 569, 575, 576, 578, 587, 592, 640, 725

Boswell of Balmuto: 483

Bott, Revd Thomas (1688–1754): 617 n. a

Bouchier, or Bourchier, Charles (c.1727–1810), governor of Madras (1767–70): 812

Bouffier, Claude, see Buffier, Claude

Boufflers, Madame de (Marie Charlotte Hippolyte, comtesse de Bouffiers-Rouverel) (1724–c.1800): 322, 479

Bouhours, Dominique (1628–1702), French author and critic: 306

Boulter, DrHugh (1672–1742), Archbishopof Armagh: 29

Boulton, Matthew (1728–1809), manufacturer and entrepreneur; ran the Soho Foundry (est. 1796), a purpose-built steam engine factory and a mint to supply coinage to the government; acquired techniques for manufacture of Sheffield plate and ormolu: 510

Bouquet, Joseph (fl. 1751–4), London bookseller: 133

Bourchier, Charles, see Bouchier, Charles

Bourdaloue, Louis (1632–1704), French divine: 388

Bourdonne, Madame de: 388 n. b

Bourryau, Mr: 507

Bower, Archibald (1686–1766), historian: 127

Bowles, William (1755–1826), sonof the above: 891–4

Bowyer, William (1699–1777), printer; valued a learned corrector at the heart of hisfirm and hence producedworksofsome scholarship; Appointed to print votes Of the House of Commons (1729);Bought the copyrights to significant Swiftiana; describedbyJohn Nicholsas‘the most learned [English] Printerofthe Eighteenth Century’: 969

Boydell, Alderman John (1719–1804), engraver and printseller; common council-Lorfor the ward of Cheap(1758);Alderman(1782);Proprietor of successful shop at the corner of Queen Street in Cheapside; opened Shakespeare Gallery (1789): 419 n. c

Boyle, Hon. Robert (1627–91), natural philosopher;founder memberofthe Royal Society: 168

Boyse, Revd Joseph (1660–1728), Presbyterian minister: 617 n. a

Boyse, Samuel (1708–49), poet; author of Translations and Poems (1731) and Deity(1739), along poem in heroic couplets: 993 n. a

Bradley, Revd James (1693–1762), astronomer: 617 n. a

Bradshaw, William (fl. 1700), hack writer: 873 n. b

Braithwaite, Daniel (c. 1731–1817), of the Post Office: 917

Bramhall, Dr John (1594–1663), Archbishop of Armagh; advocated the adoption by the Irish Church of the Thirty-nine Articles and English canons of 1604; con-verser with Hobbes on liberty and necessity; author of A Vindication of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsical Necessity (1655); remembered chiefly by association with Ussher, Laud, Hobbes and Wentworth: 313

Bramston, James (1694?–1744), poet and Church of England clergyman; deacon at Oxford (1720); priest at Winchester (1721); complimented by Pope in The Dunciad; author of The Art of Politicks (1729) and The Man of Taste (1733): 45 n. a

Brandt, Sebastian (1458–1521), poet and lawyer: 150

Brett, Anna Margaretta (d. 1743), daughter of Colonel Brett and mistress of George I: 100 and n. a

Brett, Dr Thomas (1667–1744), bishop of the Nonjuring Church of England; active in nonjuror movement until death; author of The Review of the Lutheran Principles: 922

Brett, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry (d. 1724): 100 n. a

Brett, Mrs, wife of the above, see Macclesfield, Countess of

Bridgen, Edward (d. 1787), husband of Richardson’s daughter: 198

Bridgen, Mrs Martha, nee Richardson (1736–85): 198

Bristol, bishops of, see Newton, Dr Thomas; Smalridge, Dr George

Bristol, John Hervey, 1st Earl of (1665–1751), staunch Whig politician and landowner; MP for Bury St Edmunds until created Baron Hervey of Ickworth; opponent of Walpole government: 62, 280

Broadley, Captain (fl. 1778), of Lincolnshire: 717

Brocklesby, Dr Richard (1722–97), physician; licentiate of Royal College of Physicians (1754); physician to the army (1758); founder of Essex Head Club with S.J., who was among his patients; author of Reflections on Antient and Modern Musick with Application to the Care of Disease (1749) and Oeconomical and Medical Observations (1764): 453, 862, 889, 890, 891, 897, 902, 907–8, 910, 914, 963, 949, 974, 988, 989 and n. a, 996–7

Brooke, Henry (1703?-83), sentimental writer and playwright; achieved notoriety with Gustavus Vasa: The Deliverer of his Country (1739), a play regarded as oppositional to Walpole; greater fame followed The Fool of Quality (5 vols., 1766–70); later quarrelled with Garrick; part of the Anglo-Irish class of mid-eighteenth-century writers: 10, 82

Broome, William (1689–1745), translator, poet and clergyman; translated Books 1 o and 11 of The Iliad into Miltonic verse (1712); associate in Pope’s translation ofThe Odyssey (1722); later attacked by Pope in TheDunciad(1728): 745, 789

Broughton, Revd Hugh (1549–1612), Puritan divine: 617 n. a

Broughton, RevdThomas (1704–74), divine: 617 n. a

Brown, Dr John (1715–66), author and moralist; two major plays have failed to retain literary interest since death: Barbarossa (1754), Athelstan (1756); stylish and skilful in An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times (1757) and An Essay on Satire Occasion’d by the Death of Mr Pope (1745); utility and God were at the core of his moral theory: 329, 617 n. a

Brown, J.B.’s clerk: 815

Brown, Lancelot (1715–83), known as ‘Capability Brown’, the classic English landscape gardener and architect; landscaped Blenheim, Oxfordshire; works characterized by principles of comfort and elegance and epitomized much of early eighteenth-century design: 504, 739

Brown, Revd Robert (d. 1777), minister of the Scottish Church at Utrecht: 265, 679

Browne, Isaac Hawkins, the elder (1705–60), poet: 443

Browne, Isaac Hawkins, the younger (1745–1818), politician and industrialist; supporter of Pitt; sheriff for Shropshire (1783); colliery owner and ironmaster: 914

Browne, Patrick ($$), physician and botanist; author of The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica (1756), in which he coined Latin names for over a hundred genera, some ofwhich are now still accepted: 13, 166

Browne, Revd Simon (1680–1732), Nonconformist divine: 617 n.a

Browne, Sir Thomas (1605–82), physician and author; prose diction and syntax greatly influenced S.J.; great neologist:first recorded userof overahundred word forms in the OED; most famed for Religio Medici (first version 1635–6): 13, 123 and n. a, 166, 176, 682

Browne, Tom (1657–?1717), shoemaker and teacher: 29

Bruce, James, of Kinnard (1730–94), traveller in Africa; only the second European to visit Abyssinia since the 1630s; Abyssinian explorations looked on critically by S.J.: 441

Bruce, Robert (1274–1329), king of Scotland: 467

Brumoy, Pierre (1688–1742), French Jesuit: 14, 185

Brunet (fl. 1775), a Frenchman whom S.J. met inParis: 472

Bryant, Jacob (1715–1804), antiquary and classical scholar; author of A New System, or, An Analysis of Ancient Mythology (1774–6), assessing the whole of ancient history from the deluge of Noah to the dispersion of peoples occasioned by the wanderings of his sons; plates of which work possibly created by Blake: 914

Brydone, Patrick (1736–1818), traveller andauthor;Fellow of Royal Society(1772/3); expert on electricity; author of A Tour through Sicily and Malta (1773), praised by S.J.: 447, 514, 716

Buchan, David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of (1742–1829), brother of Thomas, Lord Erskine: 352, 354

Buchanan, George (1506–82), poet, historian and administrator; keeper of the Privy Seal (1570–78); director of the Chancery (1570); tutor to the young King James; author of De jure regni (1579) andRerum Scoticarum historia(1582), as well as sometime playwright: 242, 309, 866

Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of (1628–87), royalist politician and wit; only former Privy Councillor still alive Nottoberesworn at Restoration; readmitted to Privy Council (1662); Lord Lieutenant of West Riding (1667); added to Committee for Foreign Affairs (1668); managed important inter-house conferences in wake of the Popish Plot (1678); fellow of Royal Society (1661–85); friend of Rochester, Etherege, Waller and Wycherley; temperamentally friends with Charles II; famous as playwright of The Rehearsal (1671), a satire with Dryden as its principal target: 350, 940

Buckingham, Katherine, Duchess of (d. 1743), wife of John (Sheffield), 6th Duke: 653

Budgell, Eustace (1686–1737), writer; under-secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland;MP for Mullingar inthe Irish Parliament (1715–27); opposed Walpole; occasional and anonymous contributor to The Spectator; soft Whig target for Scriblerian satirists; mocked by Pope in The Dunciad and Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot for dependence on Addison; committed suicide after series of legal scrapes: 382, 542

Budworth, Captain Joseph (d. 1815): 993 n. a

Budworth, Revd William (d. 1745), schoolmaster; vicar of Brewood; master of Rugeley Grammar School, Staffordshire;non-Jaco bite High Church man:50n.a, 993 n. a

Buffier, Claude (1661–1737), French author: 248

Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, comte de (1707–88), naturalist: 564 n. a

Bulkeley, or Bulkley, Mrs (Mrs Barresford) (fl. 1764–89), actress: 376

Bunbury, Henry William (1750–1811), artist and caricaturist; heralded by Horace Walpole as ‘the second Hogarth’; friends with Garrick, Sir Joshua Reynolds and S.J.; groom of the bedchamber to the Duke of York (1787); famous for innovative story-telling designs, e.g. A Long Minuet as Danced at Bath (1787): 219 n. c

Bunbury, Sir Thomas Charles (1740–1821), horse-racing administrator and Whig politician, later supporter of Charles James Fox; MP for Suffolk (1761–1812); briefly Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; co-founder of the Oaks (1779) and the Derby; steward of the Jockey Club: 252, 408, 433, 999

Bunyan, John (1628–88), author of Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666) and The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678), the seventeenth century’s most popular work of prose fiction; Calvinist pioneer of the spiritual autobiography: 94, 386

Burbridge, Mr (fl. 1697): 98

Burch, Edward (fl. 1771–1814), RA, sculptor: 1000 n. c

Burgoyne, John (1722–92), army officer, politician and playwright; captured Valencia de Alcantara across the border in Spain in the campaign in Portugal (1762); MP for Midhurst, Sussex (1761); MP for Preston (1768); supported North’s repression of the American colonies; head of the Canadian army overwhelmed at Bemis Heights; defeated at Saratoga; author of the play The Maid of Oaks (1774): 716

Burke, Edmund (1729–97); statesman, orator and aesthetician; intellectual leader of the Rockinghamite Whigs, and powerful denouncer of British policy towards the American colonies; one of the managers in the impeachment of Warren Hastings; member of the Club, and regarded by S.J. as a formidable conversational adversary: 52, 167, 184, 219 n. d, 238, 244, 248, 251, 252, 269, 306, 309, 329, 333, 356, 378, 379, 387, 397, 400;,420;,448, 455, 504, 542, 551, 561, 562, 564 and n. a, 565, 596, 613, 624, 627and n.a, 648–52, 656, 657, 664, 688, 691 and n. a, 697–98, 727, 733, 744, 757, 769, 772, 773, 774, 777, 778, 796, 804, 807, 808, 810, 818, 820, 857, 860, 879, 885, 892, 916,918, 931,942, 953,972 n. a, 992, 999

Burke, Richard (1758–94), son of the statesman: 252, 883–4, 948,968

Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques (1694–1748), jurist and theoretician of natural law: 495

Burlington, Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of (1695–1753), Pope’s friend; architect, collector, and patron of the arts: 711

Burnet, Gilbert (1643–1715), bishop of Salisbury and historian; fellow of the Royal Society (1664); minister of parish of Saltoun (1665); author of A Memorial of Divers Grievances and Abuses in this Church (1665), History of the Reformation (1679 onwards), An Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England (1699) and The History of his Own Time (1715), memoirs particularly disliked by Swift; friends with William and Mary of Orange while in exile; chaplain to the Prince of Orange (1688); bishop of Salisbury (1689–1702); attacked by anti-trinitarians: 373, 627,936

Burnett, James, see Monboddo, Lord

Burney, Dr Charles (1726–1814), musician and author; member of S.J.’s Literary Club; scored songs for A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1763); author of A General History of Music (4 vols., 1776–89), for which S.J., a close friend, provided the preface; planned to write biography of S.J., until he learned of rival projects; contributor to the Monthly Review: 9, 28 n. b, 44 n. a, 124, 156, 174, 176, 211, 252, 261, 289, 480–81, 662, 721–2, 816–18, 838–9, 964, 974, 985, 989 n. a

Burney Jr, Dr Charles, (1757–1817), schoolmaster and book collector; son of Charles senior; headmaster of private school in Chiswick; fellow of Royal Society (1802); rector of Cliffe-at-Hoo, Kent (1812); chaplain to the King (1810); professor of ancient literature at the Royal Academy (181 o); editor of the London Magazine; author of Philemnos lexicon technologikon (1812) and Remarks on the Greek Verses of Milton (1790); amassed library of over 13, 000 printed books: 979, 1000 n. c

Burney, Frances (Madame D’Arblay) (1752–1840), writer; daughter of Charles; earned fame through the novels Evelina (1778), Cecilia (1782) and Camilla (1796); second keeper of the robes to Queen Charlotte; occasional playwright; posthumous publication of her journal in instalments secured her standing: 752, 885, 915, 964 and n. a, 982

Burney, Mrs (Esther Sleepe) (1723?-62), first wife of Dr Charles Burney: 176

Burney, Mrs (Mrs Elizabeth Allen, nee Allen) (c.1728–96), second wife of Dr Burney: 258 n. a, 878, 963

Burney, Richard Thomas (1768–1808), youngest son of Dr Burney: 722

Burrowes, Revd Robert (/Z.1787): 980 and n. a

Burrows, Dr John (1733–86), rector of St Clement Danes: 728

Burt, Miss: 507

Burton, Dr John (1696–1771), theologian and classical scholar: 617 n. a

Burton, Robert (1577–1640), writer; author of the Anatomy of Melancholy (1621); book collector; had largely fallen out of favour in the eighteenth century until S.J.’s interest: 39, 323, 500, 747

Bute, James Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713–92), prime minister; formed alliance with Pitt in opposition to the Fox-Newcastle connection; sworn to Privy Council (1760); awarded Order of the Garter (1762); first lord of the Treasury (1762); negotiated peace with France at Fontainebleau (1762); resigned from office after heavy opposition to peace (1763); established chair of rhetoric and belles-lettres at Edinburgh University; patron to S.J., Smollett, Thomas Sheridan, the painter Allan Ramsay and architect Robert Adam; movement towards alliance rather than intervention made him a political scapegoat: 189–200, 202, 205, 274, 450, 451 andn. a, 452, 516, 561, 748, 828, 834, 836, 857

Bute, John Stuart, 4th Earl and 1st Marquis of, see Mountstuart, John Stuart, Viscount

Butler, Charles (1750–1832), Catholic author: 627

Butler, Dr Joseph (1692–1752), moral philosopher and theologian; bishop of Durham; author of The Analogy of Religion (1736): 617 n. a

Butler, Samuel (1613–80), poet ofHudibras (1663-4, parts 1 and 2; 1678, part 3); attacked the Royal Society in ‘The Elephant in the Moon’; name became a byword for neglected genius: 387, 459, 538, 819, 927

Butter, Dr William (1726–1805), physician; known through the treatises On the Kink-Cough (1773) and On Puerperal Fevers (1775); studied medicine at Edinburgh University: 518, 606, 610, 824, 988, 989 n. a

Butter, Mrs, wife of the preceding: 611

Byng, Admiral John (1704–57), RN, court-martialled naval officer; captain of the Gibraltar (1727); promoted to rear admiral (1745); promoted to admiral of the red (1756); court-martialled and executed by firing squad for part in the disastrous lossofMinorca (1757)despite popular Protest from such figures as Voltaire and Horace Walpole: 14, 167, 169, 327

Byng, Hon. John (d. 1811): 999

Cadell, Thomas (1742–1802), bookseller and publisher: 192–3, 491, 580, 704

Cadogan, William Cadogan, 1st Earl, 1675–1726, General: 8

Caesar, Gaius Julius, see Julius Caesar, Gaius

Caldwell, Sir James (c.1732–84), and Sir John (1750–1830), of Castle Caldwell, Fermanagh: 282 n. a

Caligula, Gaius Caesar (AD 12–41), emperor of Rome: 676

Callender, James Thomson (d. 1803), miscellaneous writer: 847

Callimachus (b. c. 310 BC), poet, bibliographer and librarian; adversary of Apollonius Rhodius: 764

Cambridge, Richard Owen (1717–1802), poet and essayist; author ofThe Scribler-iad(1751); Contributed to Edward More’sThe Worldperiodical(1753–6); commissioned a satirical engraving of J.B. and S.J. published in his Works (1803): 455, 659–60, 871

Camden, Charles Pratt, 1st Earl (1714–94), lawyer and politician; appointed a king’s counsel (1755); led famous prosecution of Lord Ferrers (1760); Lord Chancellor (1766); Reputation as a champion of liberty; opposed the Fox–North ministry; close alliance with Pitt the elder: 431, 382, 691

Camden, William (1551–1623), antiquary: 688, 880

Cameron, the clan: 85

Cameron, Dr Archibald (1707–53), physician and Jacobite conspirator; took active part in concealing Prince Charles (1746); became involved in scheme for restoration of the Stuarts (1752); hanged, drawn and quartered after brief imprisonment in Edinburgh Castle (June 1753): 85–6, 85 n. a

Cameron, Donald, of Lochiel (1695?–1748), Jacobite: 85

Campbell, Archibald (1726?–80), son of Dr Archibald Campbell, satirist; purser in the navy (1761);authorofThe Sale of AuthorsandLexiphanes(1767), alengthy satirical attack on S.J. for pedantic language and dictionary-making: 286

Campbell, Colonel James Mure, afterwards 5th Earl of Loudoun (1726–86): 585

Campbell, Dr Archibald (1691–1756), professor of church history at St Andrews: 192

Campbell, DrJohn (1708–75), historian; significant contributorto the first edition of theBiographica Britannica; author ofThe Present State of Europe(1750) and Political Survey of Britain (2 vols., 1774); greatly admired by S.J.: 221 and n. a, 222, 289, 375, 430, 503, 655 and n. a

Campbell, Dr Thomas (1733–95), ‘Irish Dr Campbell’, miscellaneous writer, Church of Ireland clergyman and traveller; chancellor of St Macartin’s, Clogher (1773); best known through portrait by J.B. in 1775 diary; author of A Index of Persons Philosophical Survey of the South of Ireland(1778): 171, 443–4, 445,448, 449, 580, 940

Campbell, Hon. and Rev. Archibald (1688–1744), Nonjuring and non-resident bishop of Aberdeen: 375, 922

Campbell, James, of Treesban (d. 1776), J.B.’s brother-in-law: 583, 941

Campbell, John Campbell, 1st Baron (1779–1861), Lord Chancellor and legal historian: 85, 382

Campbell, Miss Jeanie, James Campbell’s daughter: 941

Campbell, Mr, of Auchnaba (fl. 1777): 590, 594

Campbell, Mungo (d. 1769): 625

Campbell, Revd John (1758–1828), minister of Kippen, Stirling: 278 n. a

Campbell, Sir Archibald, of Inverneil (1739–91), army officer and colonial governor; MP for Stirling burghs (1774–80; 1789–91); J.B. acted as his legal adviser; charged to reclaim Georgia (1778); Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica with rank of brigadier-general (1780); appointed general of the line (1783); appointed KB (1785); governor of Madras (1788): 548

Canterbury, Archbishops of, see Cornwallis, Dr Frederick; Laud, Dr William; Secker, Dr Thomas

Canus, Melchior (1509–60), Spanish theologian: 471 and n. a

Capell, Edward (1713–81), literary scholar; deputy inspector of plays after 1737 Licensing Act; very close friend of Garrick; produced edition of Shakespeare at the same time as S.J.’s (10 small octavo vols., 1767–8); donated collection of 245 volumes to Trinity College, Cambridge; author of Notes and Various Readings to Shakespeare (first vol., 1774; completed posthumously and published 1783): 765

Cap(p)acio, G.C. (c.1560– c.1633), Italian author: 447

Caraccioli, Louis Antoine de (1721–1803), French author, topographer; author of Antiquities of Arundel (1766) and Considerations sur l’origine… et les conquests de l’empire Russie (1771): 678

Cardross, Lord, see Buchan, David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of

Careless (orCarless), Mrs Ann (1711–88): 510–11, 846–7, 974

Carleton, Captain George (fl. 1672–1713), soldier: 947

Carlisle, bishop of, see Law, Dr Edmund

Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of (1748–1825), politician and diplomatist; largely earned reputation as a rake and through gambling losses; Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire (1780); sworn on the Privy Council (1777); Lord Lieutenant for Ireland (1780); ally of Fox; author of The Father’s Revenge (1783?), a five-act tragedy praised by S.J.; guardian of the eleven-year-old Lord Byron, later criticized by him in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers for not smoothing his passage into the House of Lords: 825–6, 898–9

Carmarthen, Lord, see Leeds, Francis Godolphin Osborne, 5th Duke of

Carmichael, Miss: 374, 644, 722 and n. b

Caroline, Queen (1683–1737), consort of George II: 100

Carte, Thomas (1686–1754), historian; possible agent for Francis Atterbury, bishop of Rochester; anti-Hanoverian, Jacobite; author of History of England (4 vols., 1747–55) and Life of James, Duke of Ormand (2 vols., 1736): 28, 446, 617n. a, 936

Carter, Elizabeth (1717–1806), poet, translator and writer; friend of S.J., celebrated by her in Greek and Latin epigrams; helped sustain The Rambler; translated Epictetus, the Greek Stoic philosopher (1749–56, pub. 1758), the first translation of his complete works in English; friend of Elizabeth Montagu and other ‘bluestockings’: 72 and n. b, 81, 82,113, 133,613, 816–18, 915

Carter, Mr (fl. 1775–6): 491

Cartwright, Thomas (1535–1603), Puritan divine and religious controversialist; arguably the true progenitor of English presbyterianism: 617 n. a

Castell, Revd Edmund (1606–85), Semitic scholar: 617 n. a

Catcott, George Symes (1729-c.1802), Bristol pewterer: 544

Cathcart, Alan Cathcart, 6th Baron (1628–1709): 483

Cathcart, Charles Shaw Cathcart, 9th Baron (1721–76), army officer and diplomat; representative peer of Scotland (1752–76); high commissioner of the general assembly of the Church of Scotland (1755–63, 1773–6); Lieutenant General (1760); knight of the Thistle (1763); Scotland’s first lord commissioner of the police (1764-8): 711

CatherineII, empress of Russia (1729–96): 594 n. a, 723, 916

Catiline, Lucius Sergius Catilina (d. 62 bc); Roman politician and conspirator, whose attempted coup d’etat ended in defeat and death at Pistoria: 23

Cato the Censor, Marcus Porcius Cato (234–149 bc), politician and moral reformer, inveterate enemy of Carthage: 782 n. a, 808

Cator, John (1730–1806), timber merchant and friend of Mr Thrale: 810, 937

Catullus, Gaius Valerius (c.84-c.54bc), Latin lyricist and poetic innovator, who exerted great influence over his Roman successors, and also over early modern English lyric poetry: 864

Caufield, Miss (fl. 1777): 573

Cave, Edward (1691–1754), printer and magazine proprietor; life chronicled in biography by S.J.; inspector of franks at the Post Office (1723–45); founded the Gentleman’s Magazine that gave S.J. his break (1731); published Benjamin Franklin’s Experiments and Observations on Electricity (1753); S.J. was at his deathbed: 12, 53 andn. d, 60, 66–8, 72–3, 78–81, 78 n. a, 80 n. b, 87~8, 94n.b, 101, 104,118, 133, 388 n. a, 697, 940, 994

Cave, Miss, Edward Cave’s grandniece: 53 n. d

Cavendish, Sir Henry (1732–1804), parliamentary reporter: 379

Cawston, Windham’s servant: ^^

Caxton, William (i422?~9i), printer, merchant and diplomat; first Englishman to print books, bringing the printing press to England in 1475 or 1476; governor of the English nation in Bruges (1465); author of History of Troy, the first printed book in English: 661

Cecil, Colonel, friend of Colonel T. Prendergast: 357

Centlivre, Susannah (1667?–1723), actress and dramatist of Whiggish sympathies: 767

Cervantes, Saavedra, Miguel de (1547–1616): 459, 519

Chalmers, George (1742–1825), antiquary and broadly Tory political writer; author of Annals of the Present United Colonies (1780), Introduction to the History of the Revolt of the Colonies (1782) and Caledonia (1807–24, a regional survey of Scotland); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1791); fellow of the Royal Society (1791): 87 n. d

Chamberlayne, Edward (d. 1782), Secretary of the Treasury: 817 1156