The Life of Samuel Johnson

Kippis, Dr Andrew (1725–95), Presbyterian minister and biographer; minister of the Presbyterian congregation meeting in Princes Street, Westminster (1753); contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine and the Monthly Review; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1788) and the Royal Society (1779); tutor at the Dissenting college at Hackney (1786); editor and prime mover of the Biographia Britannica (1778–93); criticized for being partisan and inaccurate: 617 and n. a, 919, 973

Knapton, John (d. 1770), bookseller; co-published the authorized text of Pope’s letters (1737) and enjoyed an association with the author from 1725; part of the booksellers who agreed to publish Johnson’s Dictionary in 1746: 104

Knapton, Paul (d. 1755), bookseller; younger brother and partner of John Knapton: 104

Kneller, Sir Godfrey (1646–1723), history and portrait painter; sent by Charles II to paint Louis XIV in France (1684); by the mid-1680s, the most important portrait painter in Britain; joint principal painter for William and Mary (1689), sole principal painter from 1691; knighted and gentleman of the Privy Chamber (1692); made knight of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Leopold (1700); continued as principal painter to Queen Anne; developed the ‘kit-cat’ portrait; principal painter for George I: 651–2

Knight, Joseph (fl. 1769–77), a Negro who claimed his freedom in the Court of Session: 16, 638

Knolles, Richard ($$), historian and translator; best known for The Generall Historie of the Turkes (1603); translated Jean Bodin’s La republique (1606); produced an unpublished translation of Camden’s Britannia; writing style praised by S.J. in no. 122 of The Rambler: 59, 1022 n. 48

Knowles, Mrs Mary (1733–1807), poet; on intimate terms with S.J.; author of Compendium of a Controversy on Water-Baptism (ijj6); her account, ‘Dialogue between Dr Johnson and Mrs Knowles’, rejected by J.B. as inauthentic; account on the conversion to Quakerism of Jane Harry later published in the Gentleman’s Magazine (1791): 560, 677–80, 682–4 andn. a

Knox, John (1720–90), bookseller and economic improver; expert on the possibilities of fishing; author of Observations on the Northern Fisheries (1786); closely tied to the Highland Society of London; said to have been the real compiler of William Guthrie’s New System of Commercial Geography (1770): 425, 426

Knox, Dr Vicesimus (1752–1821), headmaster and writer; head of Tonbridge School, Kent (1778–1812); author of Essays Moral and Literary (1778) and Liberal Education (1781); educational reformer: 123 n. a, 945–6, 983 andn. b, 984 n. a

Kristrom, Mr (fl. 1772), a Swede: 343

LaBruyere, Jean de (1645–96), French essayist and satiric moralist; author of the influential Les Caracteres de Theophraste traduits du grec avec Les Caracteres ou les moeurs de cesiecle (1688): 115, 1023 n. 82

Lactantius, Caecilius Firmianus (fl. late 3rd century ad); Christian apologist; reputed to be the author of De Mortibus Persecutorum, a gleeful account of the sufferings of the emperors who persecuted the Christians: 593

Lade, Sir John (1759–1838), 2nd Baronet; Mr Thrale’s nephew: 996, 1071 n. 1285

Langley, Revd William (c.1722–95), headmaster of Ashbourne Grammar School: 596

Langton, Cardinal Stephen (c.i 150–1228), Archbishop of Canterbury; one of the great churchmen of the English Middle Ages, influential in the composition of Magna Carta: 135

Langton, Diana (c. 1742–1809), Bennet Langton Jr’s second sister and wife of Revd Robert Uvedale: 271

Langton Elizabeth (d. 1790), Bennet Langton Jr’s eldest sister: 268, 271, 338, 910–11

Langton, Elizabeth (1777–1804), Bennet Langton Jr’s fourth daughter: 637

Langton, George (1772–1819), eldest son of Bennet Langton Jr; succeeded father in his estate: 338, 412, 846, 911

Langton, Jane (1776–1854), second daughter of Bennet Langton Jr and Mary Langton; S.J.’s god-daughter: 913

Langton, Juliet (c.i757–91), Bennet Langton Jr’s youngest sister and wife of Revd William Brackenbury: 271

Langton, Mary (1773–96), first daughter of Bennet Langton Jr and Mary Langton: 911

Langton, Mrs (c.i 712–93), mother of Bennet Langton Jr; wife of Bennet Langton Sr; daughter of Edmund Turner of Stoke Rochford, Lincolnshire: 175, 181 n. a, 191, 251, 268, 271, 332, 335, 338, 911

Langton, Peregrine (1703–66), of Partney, second son of Bennet Langton Jr and Mary Langton; married Miss Massingberd of Gunby and took her name: 269 and nn. a, b and c

Langton Jr, Bennet (1737–1801), friend of S.J.; as a young man, was so interested in The Rambler that he obtained an introduction to S.J.; original member of the Literary Club (c.1764); major in the Lincolnshire militia; famous for his Greek scholarship; succeeded S.J. as professor of ancient literature at the Royal Academy (1788): 29, 63, 109 n. a, 112, 133 n. a, 134–6 and n. a, 137, 142 and n. a, 157, 162, 174–5, $$, 179–80 and n. a, 181, 190, 191 n. b, 202, 221 n. a, 228, 251, 252, 268, 269 and n. c, 282 n. a, 284, 286, 294, 296 n. b, 322, 325, 332, 338 n. a, 359, 360, 362, 383, 393, 397, 398, 399, 410,411, 418,423, 433,443, 444, 447, 449, 454, 463, 506, 508 n. a, 539, 564 n. a, 566, 569, 575, 585, 587, 588, 592, 609–10, 627 n. b, 637, 644, 659, 660, 663–4, 674, 676, 677, &99, 701, 706, 707, 715,718, 721 andn. a, 723, 731, 738,749, 751, 753, 763, 765–6, 771, 773–4, 776–9, 796, 803, 807, 816, 837, 845 and n. c, 864, 872, 890, 891, 895, 910, 911n. a, 913, 918 and n. a, 920, 935, 939, 940, 953, 957, 964, 976 n. a, 979, 989 n. a, 992 and n. a, ^^

Langton Sr, Bennet (1696–1769), ‘Old Mr. Langton’, father of Bennet Langton Jr; descendant of the old family of the Langtons of Langton, near Spilsby in Lincolnshire: 172, 179–80, 191, 228, 251, 268, 271

Langton, various members of Bennet Langton Jr’s family not mentioned by name: grandfather (George, 1647–1727), 935; an aunt (?Elizabeth, d. c. 1787), 338, 910–11

Lansdowne, George Granville, Baron (1666–1735), Tory politician and writer; author of the plays TheJew of Venice (1701) and The British Enchanters (1706); Poems on Several Occasions (1712) criticized by Johnson for its slavish imitation of Waller; praised by Pope in the Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot (1735); Secretary at War (1710); lost all offices after the accession of George I; one of the triumvirate directing James III’s affairs in France during the Atterbury plot: 136 and n. a

Lapouchin, Mme (Natalia Lopukhina) (fl. 1743): 707

LaTrobe, Revd Benjamin (1728–86), Moravian minister: 586, 995, 1049 n. 679

Laud, Dr William (1573–1645), Archbishop of Canterbury (1633); president of St John’s College, Oxford (1610–11); dean of Gloucester (1616); bishop of St David’s (1621); bishop of Bath and Wells (1627); chancellor of Oxford University (1630–41); Privy Councillor (1627); committed to the Tower (1641); executed on false charges of treason and popery (1645); controversial figure in his lifetime and in the eyes of posterity: 109 n. b, 347, 374, 471 n. b

Lauder, William (d. 1771), literary forger; contributed to the Gentleman’s Magazine (\j4j); claimed that Milton’s Paradise Lost was largely plagiarized from Jacobus Masenius; introduced to S.J. through Edward Cave; exposed by John Douglas as a forger for these claims; forgery had successfully duped Johnson into providing a preface and postscript: 12, 127 and n. a

Lavater, JeanGaspard (1741–1801), Swiss divine: 1000 n. c

Law, Dr Edmund (1703–87), bishop of Carlisle and theologian; appointed archdeacon of the diocese of Carlisle (1743); author ofEnquiry into the Ideas of Space and Time (1739) and Considerations of the State of the World with Regard to the Theory of Religion (1745); extreme critic of Newtonian natural theology; appointed to the bishopric of Carlisle (1768): 740 n. a

Law, Dr John (1745–1810), bishop successively of Clonfert, Killaloe and Elphin: 748

Law, Robert (fl. 1765), fellow of Trinity College, Dublin: 257

Law, William (1686–1761), devotional writer and Nonjuror; author of A Practical Treatise upon Christian Perfection (1726) and A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life (1729); thinking largely indebted to Bohme; drew on mystical sources that made him suspect to Calvinists and in opposition to the likes of John Wesley andS.J.: 43, 324–5, 922 n. b, 926, 936, 1068 n. 1167

Lawrence, Dr Thomas (1711–83), physician; fellow (1744) then president (1767, re-elected for seven consecutive years) of the Royal College of Physicians; friend of, and physician to, S.J.; author of De natura musculorum (1759); wrote a biography of Harvey (1766): 49, 175, 421 and n. a, 530, 569, 587, 750, 759, 802, 840, 844, 845 n. b, 889, 960

Lawrence, Elizabeth (d. 1790), daughter of Dr Thomas Lawrence: 49, 844

Lawrence, Revd Charles (d. i79i), son of Dr Thomas Lawrence: 759, 1059 n. 937

Lawrence, William Chauncy (d. 1783), advocate to the East India Company and son of Dr Thomas Lawrence: 802

Layer, Christopher (1683–1723), lawyer and Jacobite conspirator; hung, drawn and quartered at Tyburn: 91

Lea, Revd Samuel (d. 1773), headmaster of Newport (Shropshire) Grammar School: 32

Le Clerc, Jean (1657–1736), critic, theologian and man of letters: 155

Lee, Alderman William (1739–95), London merchant and American diplomat: 560

Lee, Arthur (1740–92), American diplomat: 555, 560

Lee, John (1733–93), barrister and politician; committed Unitarian and close friend of Joseph Priestley; legal adviser to the Rockingham party; recorder of Doncaster (1769); Solicitor-General (1782); Attorney General (1784); King’s Attorney General and Serjeant of the County Palatine of Lancaster (1782–93); friend of J.B.: 645

Lee, Nathaniel (i653?-92), dramatist and poet; author of, among other plays, Theodosius; sometime inmate of Bedlam; died in the street: 516

Leeds, Francis Godolphin Osborne, 5th Duke of (1751–99), politician; lord of the bedchamber (1776-7); Lord Chamberlain of the Queen’s household (1777–80); Privy Councillor (1777); Lord Lieutenant of East Riding (1778–80); Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1783–91); knight of the Garter (1790): 252, 282 n. a

Leeds, Mr, grammarian: 59

Leeds, Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of (1713–89): 769–70 andn. a

le Fleming, Sir Michael, see Fleming, Sir Michael le

Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), German philosopher: 80, 343

Leicester, Mr, Beauclerk’s relation, see Leycester, George

Leland, Councillor (fl. 1778), Irish barrister and son of the historian: 695

Leland, Dr Thomas (1722–85), historian and Church of Ireland clergyman; professor of history (1761) then oratory (1762) at Trinity College, Dublin; chaplain to Lord Townshend (1768); author of aHistory of Ireland(1773) and Sermons on Various Subjects (1788): 257, 397, 581, 691

Lennox, Charlotte (1720–1804), novelist and writer; lifelong friend of S.J. after her first novel, Harriot Stuart (1750), had attracted his attention; best known for The Female Quixote (1752); compiled and edited Shakespeare Illustrated (1753-4); American scenes in Harriot Stuart and Euphemia (1790) earned her the title of‘the first American novelist’: 12, 14,16, 139,167, 185,196, 417,768, 915

Le Roy, Julien (1686–1759), confused by S.J. with his elder son Pierre: 471

LeRoy, Pierre (1717–85), French horologist: 471

Leslie (or Lesley), John (1527–96), bishop of Ross (1566), historian and conspirator; parson, canon and prebendary of Oyne (1559); chief adviser on ecclesiastical affairs to Mary, queen of Scots; forced into exile; author of a vernacular History of Scotland (1570): 407

Leslie (or Lesley), Revd Charles (1650–1722), Nonjuring Church of Ireland clergyman; Tory; served as a primary conduit of information between the Nonjuring community in England and the Stuart court in the 1690s; published a bi-weekly newspaper, The Rehearsal (1704-9); Jacobite agent (by 1711); author of The Case of the Regale, and the Pontificate Stated (1700), The Finishing Stroke (1711) and Short Method with the Deists (1694): 922 n. b

Lettsom, Dr John Coakley (1744–1815), physician and philanthropist; correspondents included George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and Erasmus Darwin; lifelong Quaker; author of The Natural History of the Tea Tree (1772); co-founder of the General Dispensary in Aldersgate Street (1770); co-founder of the Royal Humane Society (1774); co-founder of the Medical Society of London (1773): 555

Lever, Sir Ashton (1729–88), natural history collector; fellow of the Royal Society (1773); opened a museum or Holophusikon in Leicester House, Leicester Square, to display his famous collection; knighted (1778); lost his collection to debt: 947

LevesonGower, Hon. Mrs (Frances Boscawen) (b. 1746), ‘Mrs. Lewson’: 753

Levett, Levet, or Levit, Robert (1705–82), surgeon and apothecary; member of S.J.’s household from 1756 to 1782; regarded highly by S.J., ‘a very useful, and very blameless man’; subject of S.J.’s moving elegy, ‘On the Death of Dr Robert Levet’; never licensed as a physician: 133, 134, 198, 203, 221, 230, 263, 374, 412, 466, 474, 530, 532, 547, 569 and n. a, 642 and n. b, 697, 720, 722, 725, 814, 840, 841, 843, 844, 846, 856, 891, 895, 904, 915 n.a

Levett, Theophilius (1693–1746), town clerk of Lichfield: 48, 93

Lewis XIV (1638–1715), king of France: 72, 284, 351, 470, 473, 705, 1022 n. 54

Lewis XVI (1754–93), king of France: 472, 473

Lewis, David (1683?–1769), poet; published Miscellaneous Poems by Several Hands(1726);inliterary contact with Pope; authorofthe playPhilip of Macedon (1727); contribution to Savage’s Collection of Pieces on Occasion of ‘The Dunciad’ (1732) Praised by Johnson and appreciated byPope: 933–4

Lewis, Mrs (Charlotte Cotterell), wife of Revd John Lewis: 203

Lewis, Revd Francis (fl. 1750): 125

Lewis, Revd John (c.1717–83), dean of Ossory: 203

Lewson, Mrs, seeLeveson Gower, Hon. Mrs

Leycester, George (c.1733–1809), of Toft: 751

Lichfield, George Henry Lee, 3rd Earl of (1718–72), chancellor of Oxford University: 690

Liddell, Sir Henry George (1749–91), 5th Baronet of Ravensworth: 350 n. a

Lilly, William (1602–81), astrologer; author of Christian Astrology (1647), the first major astrological textbook in the English language; leading figure in the Society of Astrologers (1649–58); apparently foresaw the Great Fire of London; produced the almanac Merlini Anglici Ephemeris(1647–81): 616

Lincoln, bishop of, see Green, DrJohn

Linda, Lucas de (d. 1660), Polish writer and state official: 303

Linley, Elizabeth Ann (1754–92), singer and writer; daughter of the musician Thomas Linley; secretly ‘married’ R. B.Sheridan; contributed musically to Sheridan’s The Duenna (1775); became one of the leading politically active Whig women; singing career Suffocated by Sheridan: 458, 1041 n. 490

Lintot, Barnaby Bernard (1675–1736), premier bookseller of the first third of the eighteenth century; regularly published plays performed at Drury Lane (1705– 12); publication of Miscellaneous Poems and Translations included the first ver-sionofPope’sThe Rape of the Lock(1712); continuedto publish importantfirst editions of Pope and Gay; fell out with Pope over the translation ofThe Odyssey; attacked in The Dunciad: 60, 330n. a

Lintot, Henry (1703–58), bookseller; son of Bernard Lintot; inherited his father’s literary copyrights but did little to expand the enterprise other than buying the copyright to The Dunciad when it became available; law printer to the King (1749): 230

Liverpool, 1st Earl of, see Jenkinson, Charles

Livy, Titus Livius (59 bc–ad 17), the greatest Roman historian, whose Ab Urbe Conditatoldthe storyofRome From its founding in142 books, nearlyfour-fifths of which have not survived: 445

Llandaff, bishop of, see Watson, Dr Richard

Lloyd, Mrs: 99

Lloyd, Mrs Sampson (1745–1814), wife of Sampson Lloyd: 508–9

Lloyd, Olivia (Mrs Kirton) (1707–75): 54

Lloyd, Robert (1733–64), poet and playwright; author of poetic epistle The Actor (1760); poetry reviewer for the Monthly Review; founder editor of the St James’s Magazine (1762); friend of Cowper, Colman, Garrick and Churchill; arrested for debt and died in Fleet prison: 210, 442

Lloyd, Sampson (1728–1807), Quaker; founder of Lloyds Bank: 508–9

Lobo, Father Jerome (1595–1678), Portuguese Jesuit missionary: 10, 51, 522

Locke, John (1632–1704), philosopher; tutor at Christ Church, Oxford (1661-7); fellow of the Royal Society (1668); author of Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) and colossus of empiricism; campaigner for the liberty of the press and religious toleration: 114, 163,357, 717, 821

Locke, William (1732–1810), of Norbury Park, art connoisseur and patron; generous host to French emigres; lifelong friend of Fanny Burney: 786

Lockhart, Alexander, see Covington, Alexander Lockhart, Lord

Lockman, John (1698–1771), author and translator; translated Voltaire’s La Henriade (1732); part of the team that compiled the General Dictionary, Historical and Critical (1734–41); produced Rosalinda, a musical drama with music by John Christopher Smith (1740): 766 andn. a

Lofft, Capell (1751–1824), radical editor and writer; Unitarian; edited Paradise Lost (1792) and Virgil’s Georgics (1803); close associate of Coleridge and Haz-litt; opponent of Pitt the younger; warm admirer of Napoleon Bonaparte; met Boswell and Johnson in 1784: 917

Lombe, John (1693?–1722), half-brother of Sir Thomas Lombe, merchant and inventor of silk-throwing machinery; apprenticed to his brother: 611

London, bishop of (1777–87), see Lowth, Dr Robert; (1787–1809), see Porteus, Dr Beilby

Long, Dudley (afterwards North) (1748–1829), politician; MP for St Germans (1780); introduced to S.J. in 1781; member of the Whig Club (1785); a manager of Warren Hastings’s impeachment; MP for Banbury (1808); patron of George Crabb; pallbearer at Edmund Burke’s funeral; mourner at Sir Joshua Reynold’s funeral; popular member of literary and political circles: 805, 809

Longlands, Mr (fl. 1772), London solicitor: 359

Longley, John (d. 1822), recorder of Rochester: 767

Longman, Messrs, London booksellers: 104

Lort, Dr Michael (1725–90): 924 n. b

Loudoun, John Campbell, 4th Earl of (1705–82), soldier: 585

Loudoun, James Mure Campbell, 5th Earl of: 585

Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburne, 1st Baron, afterwards ist Earl of Rosslyn (1733–1805), Lord Chancellor (1793); member of the Select Society; King’s counsel (1763); Attorney General (1778); Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas (1780); legal advice to Pitt on Catholic emancipation brought about the collapse of the ministry; personally loyal to King George III rather than any party: 199, 200, 202, 205, 206, 462, 520

Louis XIV, XVI, see Lewis

Lovat, Simon Fraser, 11th Baron (1667?–1747), Jacobite: 103

Love, James (1721–74), actor and writer; author of aheroicpoem, ‘Cricket’ (1740); performed in Ireland and Scotland with his partner, ‘Mrs Love’; manager of the Canongate Theatre, Edinburgh (1759); migrated to Drury Lane (1762), making his debut as Falstaff; opened a new theatre in Richmond (1765): 345

Loveday, Dr John (1711–89), antiquary and traveller; youthful member of Hearne’s antiquarian circle at Oxford; published for the Gentleman’s Magazine under pseudonyms: 399 n. a

Loveday, John (1742–1809), scholar: 399 n. a

Lovibond, Edward (1724–75), poet; contributor to Edward More’s The World; poem ‘The Mulberry Tree’, on the contrasting characters of S.J. and Garrick, noted with approval by J.B.; poems republished in Anderson’s British Poets (1794): 60

Lowe, Ann Elizabeth (c.1777–1860), elder daughter of the following and S.J.’s god-daughter: 989 n. a

Lowe, Mauritius (1746–93), painter; natural son of Lord Southwell; exhibited at the Society of Artists (1776 and 1779); enjoyed friendship and protection of S.J., who left him a small legacy; reputed to be the author of the art periodical the Ear-Wig (1787): 874–5, 879, 989 n. a

Lowe, Revd Theophilus (c. 1708–69); rector of Merton and of Stiffkey; canon of Windsor: 29, 31

Lowe Jr, Mauritius? (fl. 1813), son of Mauritius Lowe and S.J.’s godson: 989 n. a

Lowth, Dr Robert (1710–87), biblical critic and bishop of London (1777); professor of poetry at Oxford (1741–51); rector of Ovington, Hampshire (1744); royal chaplain (1757); fellow of the Royal Society of London (1765); bishop of St David’s (1766); bishop of Oxford (1766); dean of the Chapel Royal and Privy Councillor (1777); declined the Archbishopric of Canterbury (1783); author of A Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762): 283, 936

Lowth, Dr William (1660–1732), theologian; author of Directions for the Profitable Reading of the Holy Scriptures (1708) and A Vindication of the Divine Authority and Inspiration of the Writings of the OldandNew Testament (1692); dedicated advocate of the Established Church: 547

Loyola, St Ignatius (1491?–! 556), founder of the Jesuit Order: 47

Lucan, Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of (1739–99), member of the Literary Club; husband of Margaret Bingham, Lady Lucas (c.1740–1814), the miniature painter; created Baron Lucan (1776); created ist Earl of Lucan (1795): 252, 754, 811, 943

Lucan, Margaret, Countess of (d. 1814), amateur painter: 753, 943

Lucas, Dr Charles (1713–71), politician and physician; author of The Political Constitutions of Great Britain and Ireland (1751) and An Essay on Waters (1756), the result of his research on European spas; MP for Dublin on return from exile (1761); closely associated with the radical paper The Freeman’s Journal; described by Townshend as ‘the Wilkes of Ireland’: 13, 166, 167

Lucian (c. AD 115– c.200), rhetorician and writer of dialogues, whose Dialogues of the Dead and True History exerted a powerful influence on eighteenth-century English writers such as Swift and Lyttelton: 59, 524, 653 n. a, 781

Lucius Florus, Roman historian: 386

Lucretius Carus, Titus (c.jj– c. 55 B c), philosophical poet and author of De Rerum Natura: 154, 702, 983, 1026 n. 123, 1071 n. 1259

Luke, see Zeck, George and Luke

Lumisden, Andrew (1720–1801), Jacobite politician and antiquary; under-secretary and first clerk of the Treasury to Prince Charles Edward, the Young Pretender during 1745–6; Secretary of State to the Jacobite court (1764–8); correspondent of J.B., Adam Smith and Hume; author of Remarkson the Antiquities of Rome and its Environs (1797): 478 n.a

Lumm, Sir Francis (c.1732–97): 282 n. a

Luttrell, ColonelHenry Lawes (1743–1821), 2nd Earl of Carhampton; soldier and politician: 318

Lydiat, Thomas (1572–1646), chronologist; chronographer and cosmographer to Henry, Prince of Wales; rector of Alkerton (1612); author of Solis et lunae periodus seu annus magnus (1620); rejected the Gregorian calendar; recalled by S.J. inThe Vanity of Human Wishes (1749): 109 n. b, 264

Lye, Edward (1694–1767), Anglo-Saxon and Gothic scholar; rector of Yardley Hastings (1737); published Etymologicum Anglicanum (1743); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1750); posthumously published Dictionarium Saxonico et Gothico–Latinum (1772) formed the basis of several expanded nineteenth-century works: 269

Lysons, Samuel (1763–1819), antiquary: 991

Lyttelton, George Lyttelton, 1st Baron (1709–73), politician and writer; with Pitt the elder, oneofCobham’s Cubs; extensive correspondence with Pope;contribu-torto the journal Common Sense;alord ofthe Treasury (1744); improver of the gardens at Hagley Hall; dedicatee of Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749) and possible source for Squire Allworthy; author of Dialogues of the Dead (1760) and the History of the Life of Henry the Second (1767); S.J. penned his life in 1774: 140, 283, 326, 377, 385, 503, 535, 655, 718, 795, 799

Lyttelton, Thomas Lyttelton, 2nd Baron (1744–79), son of the preceding; libertine and politician; MP for Bewdley (1768); eloquence admired by Horace Walpole; supported the government from the Lords, Playing a subsidiary role afterarakish youth: 928

Lyttelton, William Henry, see Westcote, William Henry Lyttelton, 1st Baron

Macartney, George Macartney, 1st Earl (1737–1806), diplomatist and colonial governor; envoy-extraordinary to Russia (1764); knighted (1764); Chief Secretary in Ireland (1769); Irish Privy Councillor (1769); governor of Grenada, Tobago and the Grenadines (1775); governorof Madras (1781–5); Privy Councillor (1792); Ambassador to Peking (1792); Governor of the Cape (1796):8, 202, 221 n. a, 252, 530 n. a, 653 n. a, 655 n. a, 754, 769 n.a, 796 n. a

Macaulay, Dr George (c. 1716–66), Scottish physician; husband of Catherine Macaulay, the historian; physician and treasurer of the British Lying-in Hospital at Brownlow Street, London (1752): 740

Macaulay, Mrs Catherine (1731–91), historian; author of the History of England (8 vols., 1763–83); part of the Wilkes circle; correspondent of Mary Wollstone-craft; acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush; not strictly a feminist, behaving instead as if equality between the sexes already existed: 133, 236 n. a, 376, 560, 623

Macaulay, Mrs Kenneth (d. 1799), wife of the below: 463 n. b

Macaulay, Revd Kenneth (1723–79), Church of Scotland minister and local historian; author of The History of St Kilda (1764), shown by J.B. to S.J. in 1773; clashed with S.J. on the topic of English clergy: 289, 340–41

Macbean, Alexander (d. 1784), writer and amanuensis; employed as an amanuensis by encyclopaedist Ephraim Chambers; one of the six amanuenses employed by S.J. on his Dictionary; author of a Dictionary of Ancient Geography (1773): 81, 106, 107, 532, 576–7, 762, 763, 815

Macbean, William (fl. 1785), younger brother of the above and the last to survive of S.J.’s dictionary assistants: 106

Macclesfield, Anne, nee Mason, Countess of (c. 1673–1753), wife of the following: 97, 98 and n. c, 99 and n. b, 100 n. a

Macclesfield, Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of (c.i 659–1701), army officer, diplomat and divorce; staunch Whig; Lord Lieutenant of North Wales (1696); involved in the most scandalous and salacious divorce proceedings of the century: 98 n. c

Macclesfield, Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of (1667–1732), Lord Chancellor (1718); Whig; serjeant-at-law then Queen’s serjeant (1705); MP for Derby (1705); Lord Chief Justice (171 o); Privy Councillor (171 o); fellow of the Royal Society (1712); close ties with George I; impeached for embezzlement (1725); struck off the roll of Privy Councillors (1725): 91

Macconochie, Allan, Lord Meadowbank (1748–1816), Scottish lawyer: 638

McDonald, Alexander (d. c. 1770), Highland schoolmaster and bard; author of a work on Gaelic and English vocabulary, sent to S.J. via J.B.: 411

Macdonald, Flora (1722–90), Jacobite heroine: 724

Macdonald, Lady (1748–89), wife of Sir Alexander Macdonald: 730

Macdonald, Ranald (fl. 1776), of Egg: 428

Macdonald, Sir Alexander (c.1745–95), 9th Baronet of Sleat, ist Baron Macdonald: 344, 352

Macdonald, Sir James (1742–66), 8th Baronet of Sleat: 237, 809 n. c

Mackenzie, Henry (1745–1831), writer; author of the sentimental novel The Man of Feeling (1771) and its contrasting follow-up, The Man of the World (1773); generally known as the arch-sentimentalist of Scottish literature; comptroller of taxes for Scotland (1779); edited the periodicals The Mirror and The Lounger; founder member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; one of the directors of the Highland Society of Scotland: 192–3, 983, 1071 n. 1258

Macklin, Charles (1697?–!797), actor and playwright; prospered at Drury Lane during the actors’ revolt (1733-4); much-lauded interpretation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice (1741); quarrel with Garrick; author of Love a-la-Mode (1758); helped to establish the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin; Macbeth at Covent Garden responsible for starting the trend of playing Shakespeare by place and period, rather than in contemporary garb (1773); key innovator of eighteenth-century theatre: 205, 520

Maclaine, Dr Archibald (1722–1804), miscellaneous author; ‘a learned divine’: 189, 1028 n. 158

Maclaurin, John, LordDreghorn (1734–96), judge and writer; eldest son of Colin Maclaurin, below; author of The Philosopher’s Opera (1757); one of the earliest fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; senator of the College of Justice as Lord Dreghorn through the interest of Henry Dundas: 247, 456, 526 and n. a, 565, 566, 573, 590, 638 andn. b

Maclaurin, Prof. Colin (1698–1746), mathematician and natural philosopher; deputy to James Gregory at Edinburgh University (1726); one of two co-secretaries on foundation of the Edinburgh Philosophical Society (1737); author of the Treatise of Fluxions (1742); took a leadingrole in the defence of Edinburgh against the highland army of Prince Charles Edward Stuart in the Jacobite rebellion of 1745: 526

Maclean, Alexander (c.1754–1835), 14th Laird of Coll: 428, 480, 482

Maclean, Hugh (d. 1786), 13th Laird of Coll, father of‘Young Coll’: 59

Maclean, Mr (fl. 1775), of Torloisk: 428

Maclean, Sir Allan (c.1710–83), 6th Baronet of Duart, Chief of the Clan Maclean: 424, 464 andn. a, 570, 573, 586, 589–90

Macleod, Flora (d. 1780), of Raasay: 585, 586

Macleod, John (d. 1786), 9th Laird of Raasay: 424, 425, 464, 465, 482, 852

MacMaster, William (fl. 1772), a probationer for whom J.B. acted as counsel: 351

MacNeny, see Neny, Count Patrice

Maconochie, Allan, Lord Meadowbank (1748–1816), Scottish lawyer: 638

Macpherson, James (1736–96), writer; friend of John Home and Adam Ferguson; author of Fragments of Ancient Poetry Collected in the Highlands of Scotland (1760), and the Ossianic poems Fingal (1762) and Temora (1763); works greeted sceptically by S.J. and Hume; nevertheless they exerted a considerable influence on European Romanticism: 166, 210, 418, 420, 421, 422, 424, 428, 429, 678

Macquarrie, or Macquarry, Lauchlan (c.1715–1818), of Ulva:427, 570, 573, 590, 594

Macquarry of Ormaig: 594

Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius (fl. 395–423); grammarian and Neoplatonic philosopher: 39, 532

MacSwinny, Owen, see Swinny, Owen Mac

Madden (or Madan), Dr Samuel (1686–1765); writer and benefactor; high sheriff of Fermanagh (1710); Justice of the Peace of Co. Fermanagh and Co. Monaghan (1710); author of Memoirs of the Twentieth Century (1733), suppressed on its first day of publication; close friend of Swift; principally remembered as a philanthropist, funding the Madden prizes at Trinity College, Dublin and further awards for agriculture, arts and manufacture: 171, 434, 876

Maffeus, J.P. (1535–1603), Jesuit author: 476

Maitland, Mr (fl. 1755), one of S.J.’s amanuenses: 106

Maittaire, Michael (1668–1747), scholar: 764

Malagrida, Gabriel (1689–1761), Portuguese Jesuit: 861

Mallet, David (1705?-65); poet; close friend of Pope; author of the Life of Francis Bacon (1740); under-secretary to the Prince of Wales (1742-8); Bolingbroke’s literary executor; friend and adviser to the young Gibbon; hired by the government to defame Admiral Byng; correspondent of Hume; now best known through the hostile account of his freethinking in J.S.’s Life: 145, 177, 217n.a, 327, 345, 384, 628, 731, 740, 883

Malone, Edmond (1741–1812); literary scholar and biographer; member of the Literary Club (1782) and intimate of the Johnsonian circle; editor of The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare (10 vols., 1790), in which he was encouraged and aided by S.J.; made great strides in Shakespearean scholarship; struck up one of the great literary collaborations in English literature with J.B. from 1785; helped J.B. to revise his Life of Johnson, and prepared the third edition for the press: 5, 9, 124, 125, 142 n. b, 172 n. a, 192 n. a, 214 n. a, 218, 252, 516 n. a, 544 n.a, 546n. a, 688, 698n.a,735 n. a, 738n.a,786n. a, 790, 791, 837, 843, 892n. a, 944, 953, 985 n. c, 999, 1002 n. b

Malton, innkeeper, see Melton, Philip

Mandeville, Bernard (1670–1733), physician and political philosopher; author of The Fable of the Bees (1714); influence on Hume, Rousseau and Kant; views so widely known that scarcely any intellectual at the time did not at least mention or engage with them: 681–2

Manley, Mrs Mary de la Riviere (1663–1724), playwright and author: 873

Manley, Sir Robert (i626?-88), father of the above: 873

Manning, Mr (c.1714-c.1790), acompositor: 941

Manningham, Dr Thomas (d. 1794), physician: 609

Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl of (1705–93), judge and politician; close friend of Pope; Solicitor-General (1742); Attorney General (1754); Chief Justice of the Court of the King’s Bench (1756–86); close association with the Duke of Newcastle; Privy Councillor (1756); twice acted as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1757, 1767); had to deal with both Wilkes and the ‘Junius’ letters: 103 n. a, 344, 359, 363, 381, 382 and n. a, 433, 442, 566, 598, 666, 668, 755, 790, 863

Mantuanus, Baptista (1448–1526), Italian Latin poet: 865

Manucci, Count, a Florentine nobleman: 470, 472, 567, 568

Marana, Giovanni Paolo (1642–93), Italian author of The Turkish Spy: 873 n. b

Marchi, Giuseppe Filippo Liberati (Joseph) (1735?–1808), painter and engraver; invited to reside in England, from Italy, by Sir Joshua Reynolds; one of Reynolds’s most trusted copyists and assistants; exhibited paintings and mezzotints with the Society of Artists (1766–75): 1000 n. c

Marchmont, Hugh Hume Campbell, 3rd Earl of (1708–94), politician: 709–11, 734, 749, 790 and n. b, 791

Marcus Aurelius, emperor of Rome (ad 161–80), whose Meditations, a collection of private devotional memoranda, were an influential expression of the Stoic philosophy: 615

Marie Antoinette (1755–93), queen of France: 466–7, 472,473

Markham, Dr William (1719–1807), Archbishop of York (1777); head of Westminster School (1753–64); chaplain to George III (1756); vicar of Boxley, Kent (1765–71); bishop of Chester (1771); Lord High Almoner and Privy Councillor (1777): 722

Markland, Jeremiah (1693–1776), classical scholar; author of Epistola critica (1723) and the controversial Remarks on the Epistles of Cicero to Brutus, and on Brutus to Cicero (1745), suggesting the attribution to Cicero of the four orations was spurious; produced an excellent grammatical tract (1761): 854

Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of (1650–1722), army officer and politician; gentleman of the bedchamber (1674); Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Dragoons (1683); gentleman of the King’s bedchamber (1685); promoted Lieutenant General (1688); defected to William during the Glorious Revolution; Commander-in-Chief of the army in England (1690); restored to William III’s favour as Privy Councillor (1698); knight of the Garter (1702); Captain General of British forces under Queen Anne; Allied Commander-in-Chief during the War of the Spanish Succession, in which he gained a string of brilliant victories; dismissed from all offices (1711); restored as Captain General of the land forces under George I (1714); widely resented for his alleged avarice and ambition; one of the greatest generals in British history: 8, 11, 357, 504, 547, 628, 731

Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of (1660–1744), politician and courtier; groom of the stole and Anne’s closest adviser (1685); reconciled Anne to William III (1695); mistress of the robes, groom of the stole, keeper of the privy purse, and ranger of Windsor Park (1702); stripped of all offices at court after arguments with Anne (1711); crucial in propping up Marlborough’s massive influence: 88, 808

Marshall, William (1745–1818), agriculturalist: 1055 n. 825

Marsili, or Marsigli, Dr (fl. 1757–79), Italian physician: 173, 198

Martène, Dom (1645–1739), and Durand, Dom (1682–1773), Benedictines of St Maur: 475

Martial, Marcus Valerius Martialis (c.ad 40–104), Roman epigrammatist: 663, 859 n.a

Martin, Gilbert (d. 1786), see Index of Subjects: Apollo Press

Martin, Martin (d. 1718), traveller and author of Description of the Western Islands of Scotland (1703) and The Late Voyage to St. Kilda (1698); collector of curiosities, natural historian and ethnographer: 237, 655

Martinelli, Vincenzo (1702–85), miscellaneous author: 377–9

Mary Magdalen: 766

Mary, queen of Scots (1542–87): 14, 189, 242, 405, 412, 419 n. c, 425

Masenius, Jacobus (1606–81), German Jesuit: 127

Mason, Mrs, afterwards Lady Macclesfield and Mrs Brett, see Macclesfield, Anne, Countess of

Mason, Revd William (1724–97), poet and garden designer; innovative format of his The Poems of Mr Gray, to which are Prefixed Memoirs of his Life and Writings(1775) provided J.B. withamodel for hisLife; much satirizedby contemporary authors and S.J. His favourite enemy;authorofThe English Garden(4books, 1772–81), over 2, 400 lines of blank verse; politically, largely in opposition: 21, 22, 347, 432, 442, 535, 682, 938

Massinger, Philip (1583–1640), playwright; collaborated with the likes of John Fletcher and Thomas Dekker; company dramatist of the King’s Men (c.1625); authoroftheANewWaytoPay OldDebts(1625)andThe CityMadam(1632): 742

Masters, Mrs (d. 1771), poetess: 898

Mathias, James (c. 1710–82), merchant: 813

Maty, DrMatthew (1718–76), physician and librarian; fellow of the Royal Society (1751); licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1765); founder of the Journal Britannique(1750); issueon S.J.’sDictionary(1755) angered the author; one of the three original under-librarians of the British Museum (1756), later first principal librarian (1772); biographer of the Earl of Chesterfield: 155

Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de (1698–1759), French mathematician and philosopher: 291 n. a

Maxwell, Dr William (1732–1818), friend of S.J.: 320, 323

Mayo, DrHenry (1733–93), Nonconformist minister: 393–6, 677–80, 945

Mazarin, Cardinal (1602–61), first ministerof France after Cardinal de Richelieu’s death in 1642; completed Richelieu’s work of establishing France’s supremacy among the European powers and crippling the opposition to the power of the monarchy at home: 475

Mead, Dr Richard (1673–1754), physician and collector of books and art; according to S.J., someone who ‘lived more in the broad sunshine of life than almost any man’: 11, 92 and n. a, 613, 716

Meeke, RevdJohn (i709?-63), fellow of Pembroke College: 147–8

Mela, Pomponius (fl. ist century ad), Roman geographer: 245

Melanchthon, Philip (1497–1560), German author of the Augsburg Confessio of the Lutheran Church (1530); humanist, reformer, theologian and educator: 23, 314, 584, 586 n. a

Melchisedec: 484 n. a

Melcombe, Baron, see Dodington, George Bubb

Melmoth, William, the younger (1710–99), author and translator; contributed to The World (1753-6) and Dodsley’s Fables (1761); translated Pliny and Cicero: 752, 914 n. a

Melton, Philip (fl. 1777), landlord of Edensor Inn: 635

Melville, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount, see Dundas, Henry

Memis, Dr John (fl. 1775), a litigious physician of Aberdeen: 16, 418, 422, 460, 461 n. a, 570, 573

Menage, Gilles (1613–92), French scholar: 388 andn. b, 708 n. a, 1005 n. a

Mercurius Spur, pseudonym of Cuthbert Shaw (q.v.)

Metcalfe, Philip ($$), MP: 330 n. a, 837, 854

Meursius, Joannes (1579–1639), Dutch scholar: 476

Meynell, Hugo (1727–1808), fox-hunter: 49, 728, 770

Meynell, Miss, see Fitzherbert, Mrs

Michael Angelo (1475–1564), Italian painter: 471, 475

Mickle, William Julius (1736–88), poet and translator; corrector of the Clarendon Press, Oxford (1765–72); author of the neo-Spenserian poem The Concubine (1767); translated Luis de Camoes’s Os Lusiadas as The Lusiad(\jj6); assimile Scot who Anglicized his name; correspondent of J.B.: 356, 538, 900, 901, 934

Middlesex, Charles Sackville, Earl of (later 2nd Duke of Dorset) (1711–69): 12, 196

Midgeley, Dr Robert (c.i 655–1723), physician: 873 and n. b

Millar, Andrew (1707–68), bookseller; London agent for the Foulis press in Glasgow from 1741; one of the first Scotsmen ever elected to the Stationers’ Court of Assistants (1763); one of the first booksellers to advance money for unwritten titles, notably S.J.’s Dictionary; friend of Hume and Fielding: 104, 133,156, 157 and n. a, 704

Miller, or Riggs-Miller, Sir John (d. 1798), baronet, MP: 443, 555

Miller, Lady (d. 1781), wife of the above: 443

Milner, Revd Joseph (1744–97), Church of England clergyman and ecclesiastical historian; curate (1768) then vicar (1786) of North Ferriby, Yorkshire; chiefly remembered as the author of The History of the Church of Christ (1794–1809); reviewed Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: 241 n. a

Milton, John (1608–74), poet and polemicist; Secretary for Foreign Tongues (1649); champion of the republic; permanently blind from 1652; rejected the doctrine of the Trinity in favour of a modified Arianism; went into hiding on the Restoration; author of the monumental Paradise Lost (1667), widely regarded as England’s national epic; further poetical success with Paradise Regained (1671) and Samson Agonistes (1617), a closet drama; prose tracts include The History of Britain (1671) and The Ready andEasy Way to Establishing a Free Commonwealth (1660); revolutionized English poetic form by his use of blank verse; General: 12, 20, 21, 65, 82, 126,127 and n. a, 128, 163, 221 n. a, 387 and n. a, 442, 557, 675, 717, 742, 782 n. a, 784–6 and n. b, 799, 804 and n. a, 903, 932, 943, 954; Quotations and allusions: Allegro j6, 243, 557; Paradise Lost 141, 699, 720, 785, 804 n. a, 932, 954; Penseroso 173 n. d; sonnets 903 n. a

Molinos, Miguel de (1626–89), Spanish secular priest: 708 n. a

Monboddo, James Burnett, Lord (1714–99), judge, philosopher and controversialist who hosted J.B. et al.; wrote Of the Origins and Progress of Language (incomplete, 1773–92), ridiculed by S.J.; proto-evolutionary linguistic speculator: 299, 338, 360 n. a, 377, 399, 418 n. a, 464–5, 574, 589, 591, 613, 616–17, 638, 833, 914 andn. b

Monckton, Hon. Mary (afterwards Countess of Cork and Orrery) (1746–1840), bluestocking: 823 and n. b

Monro, Dr Alexander (1733–1817), professor of anatomy and surgery, Edinburgh: 908

Monsey, or Mounsey or Munsey, Dr Messenger (1693–1788), physician to Chelsea Hospital: 295

Montacute, Lords: 854

Montagu, Mrs Elizabeth (1720–1800), author and literary hostess; the ‘queen of the bluestockings’; hosted literary breakfasts that by 1760 had become large evening assemblies or conversation parties; hosted S.J., Reynolds, Horace Walpole, Burke and Garrick; contributed to Lyttelton’s Dialogues of the Dead (1760); hired Robert Adam to improve her estate at Sandleford; great letter writer, correspondents including Hester, wife of Pitt the elder: 305–6 and n. a, 328, 655, 667, 752–3, 758, 799, 804, 915–16

Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron de (1689–1755), French philosophe and political theorist, whose Esprit des Loix (1748) enjoyed a Europe-wide reputation: 681 n. a

Montgomerie, Margaret, J.B.’s wife, see Boswell, Margaret

Montgomerie-Cuninghame, Sir David, see Cuninghame, Lieutenant David

Montrose, James Graham, 3rd Duke of, see Graham, James Graham, 6th Marquis of

Montrose, William Graham, 2nd Duke of (1712–90), soldier and landowner; father of James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose: 653 n. b, 823 and n. b

Monville, Mr (fl. 1775): 470

Moody, John (1727?-! 812), actor and singer; rose to fame at Drury Lane in roles such as Teague in Howard’s The Committee and Captain O’Cutter in Colman’s The Jealous Wife (both 1760–61); Churchill devotes ten lines to him in The Rosciad; chairman of the Drury Lane Actors’ Fund (1805): 444–6

Moor, Dr James (1712–79), classical scholar; translated Marcus Aurelius in collaboration with Hutcheson (1742); professor of Greek at Glasgow University (1747–74); founding member of the Glasgow Literary Society (1752); author of the Greek grammar Elementa linguae Graecae (ij66); welcomed J.B. at the university in 1771: 538 n. c

Moore, Edward (1712–57), playwright and writer; author of Fables for the Female Sex (1744), The Foundling: A Comedy (1748) and The Gamester (1753), a domestic tragedy popular until the middle of the nineteenth century; editor of the periodical The World (1753–6); minor, mainly derivative writer: 113 n. a, 753

More, Dr Henry (1614–87), philanthropist, poet and theologian; most prolific of the Cambridge Platonists; author of An Antidote Against Atheisme (1653), in opposition to Hobbes, An Explanation of the Grand Mystery of Godliness (1660), Divine Dialogues(1668) andEnchiridion metaphysicum (1671); fellow of the Royal Society (1664): 346

More, Hannah (1745–1833), writer and philanthropist; first met S.J. c.1773/4 and entered into the London literary scene; author of Sir Eldred of the Bower (1776), the novel Coelebs in Search of a Wife (1809) and Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education (2 vols., 1799); her play Percy (1777) produced by Garrick; S.J. a literary admirer; campaigned for the abolition of slavery and reform of manners; administrated a dozen charity schools: 662, 816, 818, 823, 915, 932

More, Sir Thomas (1478–1535), Lord Chancellor (1529–32), humanist and martyr; King’s councillor (1518); author of Utopia (1516) and Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529); sole royal secretary (1522–6); high steward of Oxford University (1524); polemicist; executed for refusal to reject papal jurisdiction after Henry VIII’s divorce (1535); canonized by Pope Pius XI (1935): 159, 475

Morgagni, Giovanni Battista (1682–1771), professor of anatomy at Padua: 291

Morgann, Maurice (1726–1802), colonial administrator and literary scholar; official adviser to Shelburne (1763); under-secretary to Shelburne (1766); Privy Council’s agent to Quebec (1767); author of An Essay on the Dramatic Character of Sir John Falstaff (1777), on the subject of which he quarrelled with S.J.: 869–70

Morin, Dr Louis (1635?–1715), French physician and botanist: 11, 86

Morris, Corbyn (1710–79), customs administrator and economist; Secretaryofthe Customs and Salt Duty in Scotland (1751); appointed to the English Board of Customs (1763); Newcastle and Pelham his patrons: 821 n. a

Morris, Miss (fl. 1748), daughter of Valentine Morris (d. 1789), governor of St Vincent: 998

Moser, George Michael (1704–83), chaser and enameller; the finest gold-chaser of his generation; named as a directorinthe Charter of Incorporation of the Society of Artists (1765); keeper of the Royal Academy (1768); designed the great seal of George III, in use from 1764 to1784: 398, 887, 1038n. 395

Moses: 340, 341

Moss, Dr: 804

Motteux, Mr (fl. 1775): 476

Mounsey, Dr Messenger, see Monsey, Dr Messenger

Mountstuart, John Stuart, Viscount, later 4th Earl and 1st MarquisofBute(1744– 1814), diplomatist; eldest son of the 3rd Earl of Bute; supported ministries after Rockingham’s;LordLieutenantofGlamorgan(1772–93);Sworn to Privy Council (1779); auditor of the imprest (1781); ambassador to Spain (1795–6); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1776): 274, 568, 745, 834

Mudge, Dr John (1721–93), surgeon and physician; fellow of the Royal Society (1777); long-standing family friendship with Reynolds; hosted S.J. in Plymouth (1762), later becoming firm friends: 201, 255, 894

Mudge, Revd Zachariah (1694–1769), divine, Church of England clergyman; lifelong friend of Reynolds; prebendary of Exeter (1736); author of Liberty: A Sermon (1731) and An Essay towards a New English Version of the Book of Psalms (1744); father of Dr John Mudge and met S.J. through his son: 15, 201, 806–7

Mudge, William (1762–1820), Major-General; son of Dr John Mudge and S.J.’s godson: 667

Mulgrave, Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron (1744–92), captain, RN: 523

Muller, John (1699–1784), professor of fortification and mathematics in Woolwich: 187 n. b

Mulso, Miss, see Chapone, Hester

Munsey, Dr Messenger, see Monsey, Dr Messenger

Murdoch, Dr Patrick (d. 1774), Church of England clergyman and writer; fellow of the Royal Society (1745); vicar of Great Thurlow (1760); friend and biographer of the poet James Thomson; abandoned project for complete works of Isaac Newton: 584, 594, 718

Murphy, Arthur (1727–1805), playwright and actor; acquainted with Johnson from c.1754; ran the political weekly The Test (from 1756); author of the plays Know Your Own Mind (1778) and The Grecian Daughter (1772); rented Drury Lane for the summer season with Samuel Foote (1761); edited the works of Fielding (1762); introduced S.J. to Henry and Hester Thrale; translated Tacitus (1793); wrote Essay on the Life and Genius of Samuel Johnson (1792) and a biography of Garrick (1801); successful lawyer: 167, 176, 189, 190, 199–200, 208 n. a, 259, 304–6, 322, 327, 398, 407, 462, 533–6, 646, 903, 914, 989 n. a

Murray, Alexander, Lord Henderland (1736–95), judge; Solicitor-General for Scotland (1775); MP for Peeblesshire (1780); ordinary Lord of Session and a commissioner of the Court of Justiciary (1783): 523–6

Murray, Dr Richard (c.i 727–99), fellow, later provost, of Trinity College, Dublin: 256–7

Murray, John (1745–93), bookseller and publisher; exploited the market for reprinting after the House of Lords decision on literary property (1774); published and edited the English Review (est. 1783); made most of his money through reprints of the likes of Shakespeare, Milton, Defoe and Fielding from his shop in Fleet Street: 117n. a, 682

Murray, William, see Mansfield, William Murray, ist Earl of

Musgrave, Dr Samuel (1732–80), physician and classical scholar; fellow of the Royal Society (1760); physician to the Devon and Exeter Hospital (1766); fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1777); Greek scholar, specializing in the study and annotation of the works of Euripides; notes on Sophocles incorporated by the Clarendon Press edition (1800): 695–6

Musgrave, Sir William (1735–1800), 6th Baronet, of Hayton Castle: 88

Mylne, Robert (1734–1811), architect and engineer; winner of the competition to design the new bridge over the Thames at Blackfriars (1760); Johnson critical of his design during this campaign in favour of his friend John Gwynne’s; surveyor to St Paul’s Cathedral; fellow of the Royal Society (1767); chief engineer to the Gloucester and Berkeley Canal; founder member of the Architects’ Club (1791): 187 and n. b

Nares, Revd Robert (1735–1829), philologist: 982

Nash, Richard (1674–1761), ‘Beau Nash’, master of ceremonies and social celebrity; master of ceremonies at Bath (1705); both treasured and reviled, as a gambler, sinner and womanizer; crown eventually tarnished after the admission that he had conned visitors in games of cards and dice; memorialized in Goldsmith’s Life of RichardNash (1762): 4

Naude, Gabriel (1600–53), bibliographer (‘Naudæus’): 475

Neander, Michael (1525–95), German philologist: 407

Nelson, Robert (1656–1715), philanthropist and religious writer; Nonjuror; fellow of the Royal Society (1695); formed the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) (1698); influence on John Wesley; author of A Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England (1704): 509, 936

Neny (or‘Neni’), Count Patrice (1716–84), Netherlands statesman: 536

Newbery, John (i7i3-67), bookseller in Reading and London: 177, 185

Newcastle, Henry Fiennes-Clinton, 2nd Duke of (1720–94), politician; Lord Lieutenant of Cambridge (1742– 57); lord of the bedchamber (1743); joint comptroller of the customs of London (1749); auditor of the Exchequer (1751); knight of the Garter (1752); Privy Councillor (1768); preferred the pleasures of the country and sport to politics: 798–9

Newcastle, Sir Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of (1693–1768), prime minister (1754-6); Whig; Lord Chamberlain (1717); friend of George I; knight of the Garter (1718); Secretary of State for the South (1724); effectively Walpole’s foreign minister (1730–39); defence minister (1739–48); foreign minister for Pelham (1748–54); minister offinancesatthe Treasury for Pitt the elder (1757–62); often regarded as the classic example of incompetence elevated to power by virtue of wealth alone: 87

Newhall, Sir Walter Pringle, Lord (i664?–i736), judge; advocate (1687); made judge and created Lord Newhall (1718); leading Scottish barrister: 604

Newhaven, William Mayne, 1st Baron (1722–94), politician: 743

Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727), natural philosopher and mathematician; theologian and student of alchemy; Lucasian professor at Cambridge University (166^); author of Philosophiaenaturalisprincipia mathematica (1687); Warden of the Mint (1696); president of the Royal Society (1703): 163, 239, 326 and n. a, 679, 775 n. a, 839, 883

Newton, Dr Thomas (1704–82), bishop of Bristol and Dean of St Paul’s: 921 and n. a

Nicol, George (c.1741–1829), bookseller and publisher; owned a share in the Gazetteer; purchased the majority of the Caxtonian volumes for George III; helped create the ‘Bodoni Hum’ typeface used to print Boydell’s Shakespeare; catalogued and organized the sale of the books of the 3rd Duke of Roxburghe (1812): 901, 966 and n. b

Nicholls, Dr Frank (1699–1778), anatomist and physician; fellow of the Royal Society (1728); author of Compendium anatomicum (1732); fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1732); Lumleian lecturer (1746); first to lecture on the minute anatomy of the tissues; style and method of teaching greatly influenced William Hunter: 451, 611

Nichols, John (1745–1826), printer and writer; apprenticed under William Bowyer; as Bowyer’s executor, took over his printing house on his death (1777); printers to the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Society for many years; owned a share in the Gentleman’s Magazine (from 1778); reputation as an editor, biographer and antiquary; edited Volume 17 of the trade edition of Swift’s Works (1775); avid collector of literary manuscripts; member of the Essex Head Club; printed S.J.’s Lives of the English Poets; gave J.B. material for his Life; author of The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester: 53 n. d, 58, 60 n. b, 71 n. a, 79 and n. b, 80 nn. a and b, 782 and n. a, 795, 824, 854, 897 n. a, 903, 941, 963, 969, 979, 993 andn. a

Nicolaida, or Nicolaides (fl. 1775–82), a learned Greek: 463 and n. a

Nisbet, Sir John, Lord Dirleton (i 609?-87), Lord Advocate: 634

Noble, Revd Mark (1754–1827), biographer and antiquary; author of Memoirs of the Protectorate-House of Cromwell (1784), a judgemental and subjective work that has not been of lasting significance; rector of Barming, Kent (1786); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1781): 892 n. a

Nollekens, Joseph (1737–1823), RA, sculptor: 642 n. a, iooon. c

Nollekens, Mrs Mary (whom J.B. mistakenly called Jane) (nee Welch) (d. 1817), wife of the above: 640, 642 n. a

Norris, Mr (fl. 1737), a London stay-maker: 61

Norris, Revd John (1657–1711): 976 n. a

North, Dudley, see Long, Dudley

North, Frederick Lord (1732–92), 2nd Earl of Guilford; prime minister (1769–82); MP for Banbury (1754–90); lord of the Treasury (1759–65); joint Paymaster-General (1766-7); Privy Councillor (1766); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1767); knight of the Garter (1772); close personal friendship with George III; ultimately ‘the minister who lost America’; formed a coalition with Fox (1783); kept in opposition for last years by Pitt the younger; coped more than adequately with problems in Ireland, India and Canada: 332, 338, 440, 598, 643

Northington, Robert Henley, 2nd Earl of (1747–86), politician; teller of the Exchequer (1763); knight of the Thistle (1773); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1777); Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1783-4); Privy Councillor (1783); unsuccessful tenure in Ireland: 874, 887 n. b

Northumberland, Elizabeth, Duchess of (1716–76), courtier and diarist; patron of leading cabinet-makers, painters and craftsmen; J.B. one of her Friday night gathering guests; lady of the bedchamber to Queen Charlotte (until 1770); kept a lively diary, 1752–76, published in parts; later correspondent of J.B.; her contribution to Poetical Amusements deplored by S.J.: 443, 670 n. a

Northumberland, Hugh Smithson, 1st Duke of (c. 1715–86), politician; lord of the bedchamber (1760); lord chamberlain to Queen Charlotte (1762); Privy Councillor (1762); Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex (1762); Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1763-5); Master of the Horse (1778–80): 295, 329, 670

Norton, Sir Fletcher (1716–89), ist Baron Grantley; Speaker of the House of Commons (1770); MP for Guildford (1768–82); Solicitor-General, knighted and created DCL of Oxford University (1762); Attorney General (1763-5); Chief Justice in Eyre South of the Trent, sworn of the Privy Council (1769); awarded the freedom of the City of London (1777); created Baron Grantley (1782); reputation for being coarse, tactless and ill-tempered: 307

Norwich, bishop of, see Horne, Dr George

Nourse, John (d. 1780), London bookseller: 526 n. a

Nowell, Dr Thomas (1730–1801), Church of England clergyman and religious controversialist; public orator for Oxford University (1760–76); principal of St Mary Hall, Oxford (1764); regius professor of modern history at Oxford (1771); controversial preaching to Commons on 30 January 1772; J.B. and S.J. dined with him in 1784; no edited sermons or writings compiled posthumously: 927

Nugent, Dr Christopher (d. 1775), physician; father-in-law of Burke; one of the original nine members of the Literary Club; was to be professor of physic in the imaginary college of St Andrews; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1765); author of An Essay on the Hydrophobia (1753); close friend of S.J.: 251, 269, 387

O’CONNOR, OR O’CONOR, CHARLES (1710–91), IRISH ANTIQUARY: 173, 580 AND N. B

OFFLEY (OR OFFELY), LAWRENCE (1719–49): 57

OGDEN, DR SAMUEL (1716–78), CHURCH OF ENGLAND CLERGYMAN; MASTER OF THE HEATH GRAMMAR SCHOOL, HALIFAX (1744–53); VICAR OF THE ROUND CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE, CAMBRIDGE (1753); VICAR OF DAMERHAM, WILTS. (1754–66); WOOD-WARDIAN PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AT CAMBRIDGE (1764); SERMONS GREATLY ADMIRED BY J.B. AND RECOMMENDED TO S.J., WHO LARGELY CONCURRED: 658, 831 N. A

OGIER DE GOMBAULD, JEAN, SEE GOMBAULD, JEAN OGIER DE

OGILBY, JOHN (1600–76), AUTHOR AND PRINTER: 36

OGILVIE, DR JOHN (1733–1813), PRESBYTERIAN DIVINE AND AUTHOR: 223, 224 ANDN. A, 225

OGLETHORPE, GENERAL JAMES EDWARD (1696–1785), ARMY OFFICER AND THE FOUNDER OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA; SET UP AMBITIOUS SCHEME TO SET UP A COLONY IN GEORGIA (1730–32); DESIRE TO OUTLAW SLAVERY IN THE PROVINCE OVERHAULED BY PARLIAMENT (1735); SUCCESSFULLY DEFENDED GEORGIA FROM SPANISH ASSAULT (1742); ACCORDED THE RANK OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL IN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF HIS SUCCESS (1743); RETIRED IN ENGLAND (1758); CIRCLE OF FRIENDS IN RETIREMENT INCLUDED J.B., S.J. AND HANNAH MORE: 74, 355–7, 376, 383, 406, 449 AND N. A, 521, 544, 547, 674, 676, 825, 858–9

OGLETHORPE, SIR THEOPHILUS (1650–1702), GENERAL OGLETHORPE’S FATHER, AND BRIGADIER-GENERAL OF JAMES IIS ARMY: 859

OLDFIELD, DR (PERHAPS DR JOSHUA OLDFIELD, 1656–1729, PRESBYTERIAN DIVINE): 547

OLDHAM, JOHN (1653–83), POET; AUTHOR OF SATYRS UPON THE JESUITS (1680); ADAPTED OVID IN SOME NEW PIECES (1681) AND FOLLOWED WITH TRANSLATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF JUVENAL, ANACREON, CATULLUS, HORACE ET AL. IN POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS (1683); SEEN BY DRYDEN AS A KINDRED SPIRIT; NOT INCLUDED AMONG S.J.’S POETS: 69–71, 976

OLDMIXON, JOHN (1673–1742), HISTORIAN AND POLITICAL PAMPHLETEER; FULL-TIME POLEMICIST ON BEHALF OF THE WHIGS FROM 1710; HELPED SET UP THE MEDLEY, A WHIG WEEKLY (1710–11); AUTHOR OF THE SECRET HISTORY OF EUROPE (4 VOLS., 1712–15), Memoirs of North-Britain (1715) and The Critical History of England (2 vols., 1724–6); attacked Pope in The Catholick Poet (1716); Pope retaliated in The Dunciad; customs collector for the port of Bridgwater (1716); involved in major enterprise of Whig history-making: 161 n. a

Oldys, William (1696–1761), antiquary and herald; poem ‘Busy, Curious, Thirsty Fly!’ translated into Latin by S.J.; published own researches in The British Librarian from 1737; Harley’s literary secretary (1738); with S.J., produced the Catalogus Bibliothecae Harleianae (1743-4) to aid the sale of Harley’s collection; Norroy king-at-arms (1755); many incomplete annotations and editions harnessed by writers such as Warton and, in his Lives of the English Poets, S.J.: 20, 89, 100

Oliver, Dame (d. i73i), S.J.’s schoolmistress: 29

Omai (c. 1753-c. 1780), a native of the South SeaIslands; the first Tahitian to visit England, and feted as an embodiment of the ‘noble savage’; the subject of a celebrated portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds: 523

Opie, John (1761–1807), portrait and history painter; child prodigy; Reynolds and Horace Walpole enthusiastic admirers; dramatic success in history painting on a large scale with The Assassination of James I of Scotland (1786), exhibited at the Royal Academy; often talked of as an ‘English Rembrandt’; Royal Academician (1787); lecturer at the British Institution (1804-5): 1000 n. c

Orme, Captain (fl. 1781): 812

Orme, Robert (1728–1801), historian of India and East India Company servant; member of the Madras council (1754); governorship of Madras lasted just days after exposed for leaking confidential documents (1758); first official historiographer of the East India Company (1769); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1770); author of History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan (2 vols., 1763–78); friends and admirers included Reynolds and Sir William Jones: 423, 452, 677

Orrery, John Boyle, 5th Earl of (1707–62), biographer; son of Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery; Tory and Jacobite when entering the House of Lords (1735); associate of Bolingbroke; on intimate terms with Pope from the early 1730s; best known for Remarks on the Life and Writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift (1751); translated Horace’s odes (1741) and Pliny’s letters (1751); thought of disparagingly by S.J.: 12, 105–6, 133, 139, 162, 328, 653, 658, 693, 784, 861

Osborn (fl. 1733), a Birmingham printer: 51

Osborne, Francis (1593–1659), author of Advice to a Son: 362

Osborne, Thomas (d. 1767), bookseller; purchased the Harleian Library and issued a catalogue, prepared by Johnson and William Oldys (1741-5); confrontation with Johnson over interference in his scholarship; substituted for Samuel Chapman in the urinating contest with Edmund Curll in Book 2 of the 1743 Dunciad; published Oldys’s The British Librarian: 12, 20, 89, 91, 93, 608, 709

Ossory, JohnFitzpatrick (i745-i8i8), 2nd Earl of Upper, see Upper Ossory, John Fitzpatrick, 2nd Earl of

Otway, Thomas (1652–85), playwright and poet; staunch Tory; author of the plays The History and Fall of Caius Marius (1679), The Orphan (1680) and, most famously, Venice Preserv’d (1682), regarded as the best political tragedy of the period; S.J. commented of Venice Preserv’d that ‘striking passages are in every mouth’ (Lives of the English Poets): 773