The Life of Samuel Johnson

Chamberlayne, Revd George (1739–1815): 922

Chambers, Catherine (1708–67), Mrs Johnson’s servant: 285

Chambers, Ephraim (d. 1740), encyclopaedist; published Proposalsfor acyclopae-dia that S.J. later claimed ‘formed his style’ (1726); published Cyclopaedia in 1728; fellow of the Royal Society (1729); dubbed byDean Stanley as the ‘Father of Cyclopaedias’: 81, 122

Chambers, Sir Robert (1737–1803), jurist and judge; friend of S.J.’s; won Vinerian scholarship at Oxford University with letter of recommendation from S.J. (1758); became the twelfth memberof the Literary Club (1768); second judge in Bengal (1774); knighted by patent (1777); president of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1797); Chief Justice of Bengal (1791): 148–9, 179 and n. c, 198, 252, 276, 287, 400–402, 406, 408, 530, 801 and n. a, 802, 953

Chambers, SirWilliam (1726–96), architect;first European tostudy Chinese archi-tecturefirsthand; refined English Palladianism; authorofTreatise on Civil Architecture (1759) and Designs of Chinese Buildings, Furniture, Dresses, Machines and Utensils (1757); architect to Princess Augusta at Kew (1757); fellow of the Royal Society (1776); spent final years dedicated to project at Somerset House (1775–95): 14, 867–8, 867 and n. a, 825

Chamier, Anthony (1725–80), under-secretary of State: 251, 563, 586, 640, 660

Chandler, Dr Samuel (1693–1766), Nonconformist divine: 617 n.a

Chapone, Hester (n e´ eMulso) (1727–1801), writer; admired byS.J., who quoted a stanza of ‘To Stella’ to illustrate ‘quatrain’ in his Dictionary; close friend of Samuel Richardson; author of Letters on the Improvement of the Mind (1773) and mouthpiece of female authority, marriage rights and sexual fulfilment: 113, 898–9

Chappe d’Auteroche, Jean (1722–69), astronomer: 707

Charlemont, JamesCaufield, 1stEarlof (1728–99), politician; partofartistic circle in Rome that included Sir Joshua Reynolds, Robert Adam and William Chambers; follower of Pitt; raised to earl in Irish peerage (1763); captain of the first Armaghcompany(1779);keyfigureintheWhigClubfoundedinIreland(1789); founder member and president of the Royal Irish Academy (1785): 252, 385, 714–15, 807, 808

Charles I (1600–49), kingof England: 109, 246, 458–9, 374, 724, 858

Charles II (1630–85), king of England: 135, 233, 284, 444, 445, 459, 498, 724, 858

‘Charles III’, see Charles Edward: 396

Charles V (1500–58), emperor and king of Spain: 303, 657

Charles XII (1682–1718), king of Sweden: 109, 519, 667

CharlesEdward (1720–88), the Young Pretender, Jacobite claimanttothe English, Scottish and Irish thrones; eldest son of James Francis Edward (1688–1766); led the failed Jacobite rebellion of 1745; subsequently exiled to France; throughout his life unable to resign his hopes of a restoration to his three kingdoms: 85, 396, 610

Charlotte Sophia (1744–1818), queenof the United KingdomofGreat Britain and Ireland, and queen of Hanover, consort of George III; mother of fifteen children to George; cultural patron and philanthropist; dedicatee of Burney’s History of Music; troubled by the misbehaviour of her sons and the mental derangement of her husband: 204, 335, 384, 417

Charriére, Mme de, see Zuylen, Isabella de

Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of (1708–78), prime minister; one of Cobham’s ‘cubs’ in opposition to Walpole; groom of the bedchamber to Prince Frederick (1737); Paymaster-General (1746); Secretary of State (1756-7); returned as Secretary of State for the Pitt-Newcastle coalition (1757–61), earning considerable repute for glorious successes in foreign policy; resigned (1761); in opposition (1761-6); created Lord Chatham and Lord of the Privy Seal (1766); led the Chatham administration (1766-8); exploited party labels for sake of patriotism; reckless relationship with George III; plagued by illness throughout much of life: 76, 88, 269, 326, 363, 431, 630, 716,907 n. a, 926, 938

Chatterton, Thomas (1752–70), poet; famous in lifetime for creating a fictional medieval poet, Thomas Rowley, and crafting his own faux-medieval style; forged old manuscripts; succeeded in finding the patronage of Horace Walpole; died from accidental overdose of arsenic and opium (1770); posthumously became a myth that formed part of very genesis of Romanticism; dedicatee of Keats’s Endymion; Coleridge’s first published poem was in his honour, ‘Monody on the Death of Chatterton’: 543, 544, 843 andn. a

Chaucer, Geoffrey ($$), poet and administrator; author of Troilus and Criseyde (c.1381-8) and The Canterbury Tales, one of the acknowledged masterpieces of English literature; comptroller in the port of London (1378); royal diplomat; clerk of the King’s works (1389); the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages: 13, 165, 661, 976 n. a

Chester, bishop of, see Porteus, Dr Beilby

Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (1694–1773), royalist and Tory politician and diplomatist; captain of the Yeoman of the Guard (1723); Lord Chest (1726); ambassador to The Hague (1727); triumphant opponent of Walpole; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1744); Secretary of State for the North (1746); retired in 1748, though continued to attend the House of Lords; attempt to praise S.J.’s Dictionary in The Word misfired badly and attracted the author’s scorn; author of The Oeconomy of Human Life (175 o) and Letters to his son, published posthumously (1774): 12, 31, 87, 104–6, 139–45, 346, 373, 438, 444, 454–5, 714, 732, 749, 750, 807, 834, 861, 946–7

Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of (1755–1815), politician and son of the 4th Earl of Chesterfield; refused to intervene to save former tutor, William Dodd, from the gallows for forging a draft on him (1777); supporter of North, the n Pitt; master of the Royal Mint (1789–90); joint Postmaster-General (1790-8); Master of the Horse (1798–1804); knight of the Garter (1805): 597

Cheyne, Dr George (1671–1743), physician; fellow of the Royal Society (1702); author of An Essay of Health and Long Life (1724), and Essay on Regimen (1740) and The English Malady (1733), a treatise on melancholy; friends with Samuel Richardson and John Wesley; found market in upwardly mobile and aristocracy: 41, 532, 566

Chishull, Revd Edmund (1671–1733), antiquary: 617 n. a

Choisy, Abbe Francois-Timoleon de (1644–1724), French ecclesiastic and author: 705

Cholmondeley, George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of (1703–70): 953 n. c

Cholmondeley, George James (1752–1830), son of the following: 953 andn. c

Cholmondeley, Mrs Mary (n e´ e Woffington) (c.1729–1811), wife of the Hon. and Revd Robert Cholmondeley: 326, 662, 664–5, 695

Christian, Revd Mr, of Docking, Norfolk: 289

Christie, James (1730–1803), auctioneer; friend of Garrick, Gainsborough and Reynolds; partnerofRobert Answell (1777–84); valued collection and paintings assembled by Sir Robert Walpole at £40, 000 and found buyer in Catherine the Greatof Russia (1788): 989n. a

Churchill, Charles (1731–64), poet; friendofGarrick;launchedNorthBritonwith John Wilkes (1762); author of The Rosciad (1761) and The Ghost (first 2 vols. 1762), a rambling satire casting S.J. asPomposo, one of its main targets; arrested for criticism of the King’s speech at the closing of Parliament (1763): 74, 172, 210, 216, 222, 224, 225 n. a, 254, 296 n.a, 645, 658

Churchill, John, see Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of

Churton, RevdRalph (1754–1831), Church of England clergyman and theological writer; biographer; contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine; archdeacon of St David’s (1805); author of A Short Defence of the Church of England (1795): 399 n.a, 880 n.b, 929 and n. a

Cibber, Colley (1671–1757), actor, writer, theatre manager; massively influential figure; Whig; played overa hundred parts asadecorative, mannered actor; established new company at the new Queen’s Theatre (1709); as playwright, wrote and starred in Love’s Last Shift (1696), and version of Richard III survived well into the twentieth century; significant contribution to development of sentimental comedy; Poet Laureate (1730); friends with Samuel Richardson; disliked by S.J.; long-standing quarrel with Pope; chief target of the fourth book of The Dunciad (1742): 86, 100 n. a, 140, 213, 288, 307, 434, 444, 513, 534 and n. a, 557–8, 622, 666, 896, 920

Cibber, Mrs Susannah Maria (1714–66), actress; wife of Theophilus; developed her artistry considerably with Garrick; took envied role of Polly Peachum in Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera; Cordelia to Garrick’s Lear (1749); second only to Garrick on an annual salaryof £315: 111, 307

Cibber, Theophilus (1703–58), actor and playwright; son of Colley; manager at Drury Lane from 1732; remembered kindly by very few; largely a hack writer; famous for Roles of Pistol in both parts ofHenry IV and Lord Foppington inThe Careless Husband: 106, 534, 584

Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106–43 bc), Roman statesman, philosopher and author; one of the greatest orators of antiquity: 501, 692, 714, 761, 938, 972, 975, 976 n. a, 1002

Clanranald, family of: 428

Clapp, Mrs Mary (d. 1781): 294, 320

Clare, Viscount (Robert Nugent, Earl Nugent) (c.1702–88): 332, 691

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of (1609–74), politician and historian; with Falkland and Colepeper, partofCharles I’s innermost Circle of advisers; knighted and sworn of the Privy Council (1643); escaped to Jersey (1646); author of the royalist History of Rebellion (pub. 1702); Lord Chancellor (1658); part of Charles II’s junto on the Restoration (1660); created Baron Hyde of Hindon (1660); created Viscount Cornbury and EarlofClarendon (1661); scapegoat for much of the discontent in the mid to late 1660s; impeached for high treason (1667); exiled to France: 161, 302, 491, 663, 714, 782 n. a, 936

Clark, Alderman Richard (1739–1831), lawyer and chamberlain of London; elected Alderman of the Broad Street ward (1776); Lord Mayor of London (1784); president of Christ’s hospital (1784); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1785); friend of S.J.; proposed by S.J. for membership of the Essex Head Club: 905

Clark, John (d. 1807), Ossianic controversialist: 16, 901

Clarke, Dr Samuel (1675–1729), theologian and philosopher; opponent of Calvinism and High Church preoccupation with ritual; rector of St James’s, Westminster (1709); delivered the Boyle lectures (1704– 5); doubted the full divinity of Christ in The Scripture-Doctrine of the Trinity (1712); Newtonian; published correspondence with Leibnitz (1717): 4, 44, 211, 313, 328, 401, 657, 997 and n. a

Clarke, John (1687–1734), schoolmaster and scholar: 58

Clarke, Revd William (1696–1771), antiquary: 617 n. a

Clavius, Christopher (1537–1612), mathematician: 502

Claxton, John (d. 1811), Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries: 393

Clayton, Dr Robert (1695–1758), bishop of Clogher: 617 n. a

Clement XIV, Pope, see Ganganelli, Giovanni Vincenzo

Clement, William (fl. 1765), fellow of Trinity College, Dublin: 257

Clenardus, Nicholas (1493? -1542), philologist: 773

Clerk, Sir Philip Jennings, see Jennings-Clerke, Sir Philip

Clermont, Lady (fl. 1780): 753

Clive, Mrs (1711–85), actress; Fielding wrote several parts for her; Polly Peachum in The Beggar’s Opera (1732); embroiled in the ‘Polly war’ as Theophilus Cibber tried to claim the role for his wife (1736); career stabilized with Garrick from 1747 onwards; one of the very best actresses of her generation: 766, 896

Clive, Robert Clive, Baron (1725–74), governor of Bengal: 704, 713, 739

Cobb, Mrs (1718–93), Lichfield friend of S.J.: 469, 514, 745, 844, 890

Cobham, Sir RichardTemple, Viscount (1675–1749), soldier, landowner and politician; creator of the house and park at Stowe; adversary of Walpole: 711

Cochrane, Lieut. Gen. James (1690–1758), J.B.’s grand-uncle: 228

Coffey, Mr, possibly Charles (d. 1745): 668

Cohausen, Dr J. H. (1665–1750), German physician: 493

Coke, Sir Edward or Lord (1552–1634), judge and legal writer: 344, 526 n. b, 935

Cole, Henry (fl. 1784): 989 n. a

Colebrooke, Sir George (1729–1809), banker; MP for Arundel (1754–74); director (1767) and chairman (1769, 1770,1772) of the East India Company, aperiod that coincided with the company’s collapse; chirographer to the court of Common Pleas (1766); ultimately bankrupt (1777): 475

Collier, Jeremy (1650–1726), anti-theatrical polemicist and bishop of theNonjuring Church of England; opposed the Glorious Revolution; opponent of Dryden; author of Essays upon Several Moral Subjects (1697) and A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage (1698); considered behaviour on the stage obscene, blasphemous and offensively sexual; tried to pioneer a scheme to unite the Nonjuring Church of England with Eastern Orthodox Churches (1716 onwards): 922 n. b

Collier, Joel, pseudonym: 170

Collins, William (1721–59), poet, admired by and friend of S.J.; author of Persian Eclogues (1742) and ‘Ode, to a Lady’; suffered from growing, undefined madness from 1751: 15, 150 and n. b, 203, 204, 464

Collins, RevdJohn (b. c.1714), fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford: 147

Colman, George, the elder (1732–94), playwright and theatre manager; co-founder of the St James’s Chronicle (1761); friend of Garrick; co-manager as patentee of the Covent Garden theatre from 1767; first to stage She Stoops to Conquer (1773); took over the Little Theatre in the Haymarket from Samuel Foote (1777); most famous as playwright for co-writing The Clandestine Marriage (ij66) with Garrick; member of the Club: 117, 195, 252, 433, 442, 571, 696–7, 768, 772, 981, 999

Colson, John (1680–1760), mathematician and translator; elected member of Emmanuel College, Cambridge (1728); master of new mathematical school at Rochester (1709), for which Gilbert Walmsley recommended Garrick and S.J.; first Taylor lecturer at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (1739); Lucasian professor at Cambridge (1739): 60 and n. a

Columbus, Christopher: 900

Colvil, John (1695–1783), J.B.’s tenant: 855

Combabus: 653 n. a

Conde, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, 8^e Prince de (1736–1818); one of the princely emigres during the French Revolution: 472, 477

Confucius (551–479 bc), China’s most famous teacher, philosopher and political theorist: 684

Congreve, family of: 29

Congreve, Revd Charles (1708–77): 29, 510

Congreve, William (1670–1729), playwright and poet; author of The Double Dealer (1693), Love for Love (1694) and, most famously, The Way of the World (1700); attacked Jeremy Collier; admired ambivalently by S.J.; friend and mentor to Swift and Pope; considered with Wycherley and Etherege as one of the three pre-eminent writers of comedy of his time: 29, 206 n. b, 304–5, 309, 381, 624, 794

Const, Francis (1751–1839), lawyer: 526 n. b

Conybeare, DrJohn (1692–1755), bishop of Bristol: 617 n. a

Cook, Captain James (1728–79), explorer; surveyed Newfoundland (1763-7); first person to cross the Antarctic circle (1773); discovered the South Sandwich Islands and rediscovered South Georgia (1775); fellow of the Royal Society (1776); sighted Oahu and Kauai at the Western end of the Hawaiian Islands (1778); disproved the existence of a great southern continent in his three Pacific voyages; completed outlines of Australia and New Zealand; murdered by natives in Hawaii: 393, 523, 934

Cooke, or Cook, William (d. 1824), miscellaneous writer: 903

Cooksey, Richard: 433 n. b

Cooper, John Gilbert (1723–69), writer; author of a revisionist Life of Socrates (1749); allegedly called S.J. ‘the Caliban of literature’; author of Letters Concerning Taste (1754): 328, 603 andn. a, 765

Copley, John (fl. 1784): 989 n. a

Corbet, Andrew (1709–41): 38

Corderius, Mathurinus (1479–1564), see Clarke, John

Corelli, Arcangelo (1653–1713), Italian musician: 445

Cork and Orrery, Countess of, see Monckton, Hon. Mary

Cornbury, Henry Hyde, Viscount (1710–53); politician and Jacobite; friend of Pope, Swift and Bolingbroke: 491

Corneille, Pierre (1606–84), French dramatist: 771

Cornelius Nepos (110–24 BC); Roman historian and the first biographer to write in Latin; friend of Cicero, Atticus and Catullus: 58, 864

Cornwallis, Dr Frederick (1713–83), Archbishop of Canterbury; chaplain to George II (1746); dean of St Paul’s Cathedral (1766); conscientious administrator and conventional Georgian churchman; led episcopal contributions to fund for the dispossessed American episcopalian clergy (1776): 589

Coryate, Thomas (1577?–i617), traveller and buffoon: 353

Costard, Revd George (1710–82): 617 n. a

Cotterell, Admiral Charles (d. 1754): 134

Cotterell, Miss Charlotte, see Lewis, Mrs

Cotterell, the Misses (Frances and Charlotte): 134, 198, 203

Courayer, Pierre Francois Le (1681–1776), French divine: 62, 78

Courtenay, John (1741–1816), politician; supporter of North; MP for Tamworth (1780); joined the Whig Club (1788); opponent of Pitt; Friend of the Liberty of the Press; author of The Present State of the Manners, Arts, and Politics of France and Italy (1794); frequenter of London literary society; attached himself to J.B.; admirer of S.J., publishing A Poetical Review (1786) on his character: 40 and n. a, 103 n. b, 123, 124 n. a, 170, 252, 404, 433 n. b, 457 n. b, 688, 691, 938, 941 n. b, 973, 976 n. a

Courtown, James Stopford, 2nd Earl of (1731–1810): 462

Covington, Alexander Lockhart, Lord (c. 1700–82), Scottish lawyer: 638

Cowley, Abraham (1618–67), poet of high reputation among his contemporaries; received qualified praise from S.J. as well as imitation and admiration from Dryden; author of ‘The Complaint’ (1663) and The Visions and Prophecies concerning England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660); Works went through fourteen editions (1668–1721); carried Caroline wit-writing into the early Restoration: 102, 154, 534, 646, 783, 819, 851

Cowley, Father (fl. 1775–7), prior of the Benedictine Convent, Paris: 470, 475,476

Cowper, William (1731–1800), poet and letter writer; translated The Iliad into Miltonic blank verse (1791); published Poems in 1782; author of The Task (1785), a 6,000-line poem in blank verse; advocated humane treatment of animals and championed the abolition of slavery movement; suffered from breakdown and attempted suicides: 703 n. a

Cowper, William Cowper, 1st Earl (d. 1723), Lord Chancellor: 526 n. b

Cox, Mr: 942

Coxeter, Thomas (1689–1747), literary scholar and editor; aided Theobald with his 1734 Shakespeare; plan to make a collection of all the English poets who had published a volume of verse heavily influenced The Lives of the Poets (1753) and was discussed by J.B. and S.J. in 1777: 607

Crabbe, George (1754–1832), poet and Church of England clergyman; enjoyed patronage of Edmund Burke; acquaintance of S.J.; contributed lines 15–20 to S.J.’s The Village (1783); author of The Candidate (1780), The Library (1781) and The Borough (1807); noted for pervasive use of the closed heroic couplet: 861

Cradock, Joseph (1742–1826), writer; author of Village Memoirs (1774) and the tragedy Zobeide (1771); possessed a considerable library and a talent for acting: 538, 539

Craggs, James, the elder (1657–1721); politician and government official; private secretary to the Duke of Marlborough; active in the East India Company; Postmaster-General; implicated in the South Sea Bubble; said to have committed suicide; at death his estate was valued at the then prodigious sum of £1, 500,000: 93

Craggs, James, the younger (1686–1721), diplomatist and politician; secretary to the envoy in Spain (1708); member of the Hanover Club in the House of Commons; Secretary of State for the South and Privy Councillor (1718); friends with Pope, who provided verses for his tomb and praised him for a ‘worthy nature’ and ‘disinterested mind’: 93

Craig, James (1740–95), architect: 718

Craig, William, father of the preceding: 718

Crashaw, Richard (1613?–49), poet;fellowofPeterhouse(1635);bestremembered fordevotional poetry and involvementinLaudianCambridge; Roman Catholic: 688 n. a

Craven, Elizabeth, Baroness (1750–1828), dramatist: 530 and n. a

Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658), Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland; effectively the senior official in six parliamentarian heartland counties of East Anglia by 1643; famed for his striking leadership ofthe New Model Army at the battleofNaseby(14June1645);regicide;Lieutenant General and most powerful man in England (1649); led legendary and bloody campaign in Ireland (1649– 50); Lord Protector (1653–8); turned down the crown: 11, 86, 507, 892 and n. a

Crosbie, Andrew (1736–85), lawyer and antiquary; discriminating book collector; founder and first fellow of the Society of Antiquaries at Edinburgh; impressed S.J. with his knowledge of alchemy; Nonconformist; intimate friend and distant relation of J.B.: 462, 573

Crouch, Mrs (Anna Maria Phillips) (1763–1805), singer and actress; played Polly Peachum in The Beggar’s Opera at the Royal Theatre, Liverpool (1780); appeared in the Clandestine Marriage at Drury Lane (1784); her singing never created as much impression asher beauty: 887 and n. a

Crousaz, Jean Pierre de (1663–1750), Swiss theologian: 11, 80–81, 91, 834

Crowley, Mary, see Lloyd, Mrs Sampson

Croxall, DrSamuel (d. 1752), author: 617 n. a

Cruikshank, William Cumberland (1745–1800), anatomist; successful teacher; author of The Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body (1786); attended S.J. in his final illness; enjoyed the company of literary men but prone to bouts of melancholy: 884, 894, 967, 988, 989 n. a

Cullen, Dr William (1710–90), chemist and physician; professor of medicine at Glasgow University (1751); lecturer at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; at the forefront of the mid-eighteenth-century fascination with the nervous system; fellow of the Royal Society (1777); author of Synopsis nosologiae methodicae (1769): 460, 614, 907–8

Cullen, Robert, Lord Cullen (d. 1810), judge and essayist; eldest son of Dr William Cullen; member of the Mirror Club; judge of the Court of Session (1796); famously good mimic; curator of the Advocates’ Library (1770–75): 342, 590, 638

Cumberland, Richard (1732–1811), playwright and novelist; author of Arundel (1789), a novel, Calvary, or, The Death of Christ (1792), a religious epic in blank verse and The West Indian (1771), directed by Garrick at Drury Lane; portrayed as Sir Fretful Plagiary in Sheridan’s The Critic (1779); supposed friend of S.J.: 541, 768, 799, 940, 979 andn. a, 980

Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of (1721–65), son of George II, army officer; knight of the Garter (1730); promoted Major-General (1742); led campaign against the Jacobite rebels at the battle of Culloden (1746); close associate of Fox; chief mourner at George II’s funeral (1760); ultimately vilified as ‘the Butcher’: 462 and n. a

Cumberland and Strathearn, Anne, Duchess of (1743–1808), wife of the above: 379

Cumming, Tom (d. 1774), Quaker, merchant; effectively led military and naval forces against the French in Legibelli (South Barbary); took entire blame for the ensuing bloodshed though apparently not disowned by the Society of Friends: 880

Cuninghame, Lieutenant David, later Sir David Montgomerie-Cuninghame (d. 1814): 879

Cust, Francis Cockayne: 93 n. a, 98 and n. a, n. c

Cuthbert, St (643–87); bishop of the great Benedictine abbey of Lindisfarne; one of the most venerated English saints, who evangelized Northumbria: 502

Cutts, Lady (c.i 679–97): 647

Dacier, Andre (1651–1722), classical scholar: translation of Horace, 558–9

Dacier, Mme (1654–1720), classical scholar: 703

Dalin, Olaf von (1708–63), Swedish historian: 343

Dalrymple, Sir David, see Hailes, Sir David Dalrymple, Lord

Dalrymple, Sir John (1726–1810), laywer and historian; protege of the Duke of Argyle; member of the Edinburgh literati; author of Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland (ijji); interesting butminor literary figure: 372, 386, 418

Dalzel, Prof. Andrew (1742–1806), classical scholar and private tutor in the Lauderdale family; professor of Greek at Edinburgh University (1779); helped to found the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783); author of an incomplete history of Edinburgh University, commenced in 1799: 979

Dance, James see Love, James

Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), Florentine poet, statesman, and political thinker, author of the Vita Nuova and the Divina Commedia; the creator of Italian as a literary language: 387, 648 n. a

Dashwood, SirHenry Watkin (1745-1828): 743 n. a

Davies, Mrs (Susanna Yarrow) (c.i 723–1801), wife of the below; actress at Drury Lane; earned a combined annual income of around £500 with her husband from the stage: 208, 254, 889, 967

Davies, Thomas, or ‘Tom’ (i7i2?-85), bookseller and actor; regular performer at Drury Lane with wife Susanna; proprietor of bookstore at 8 Russell Street, Covent Garden, where he first met S.J. (16 May 1763); provided information for J.B.’s Life of Johnson; produced the Memoirs of the Life of David Garrick (1788): 207, 254, 295–6, 308, 370, 423, 444, 446, 448, 538, 539, 580, 645, 658, 758, 889 n. b, 767, 769, 889 n. a, 890, 967, 968

Dawkins, James (1722–57), antiquary and Jacobite sympathizer; undertook serious archaeological tour of Aegean and coast of Asia Minor (1750); met with Frederick the Great in Berlin to promote Jacobite conspiracy (1753): 833

Dean, Revd Richard (j2, j?-j%), essayist and Church of England clergyman; principally noted for AnEssay on the Future Life of Brute Creatures (1767), attacking determinism and predestination: 290

Defoe, Daniel (1660/61–1731), writer and businessman; investments resulted in bankruptcy and imprisonment in Fleet prison by 1692; one of Harley’s agents and opinion sampler; author of various conduct books including The Compleat English Tradesman (1726), pamplets and prognoses including Essay on Projects (1697) and The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702) and, most famously, the novels Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flanders (1722) and Journal of the Plague Year (1722); admired by S.J., who regarded Crusoe as one of the only three books readers wished were longer: 347 n. a, 667

DeGroot, Isaac (c. 1694–1779), descendant of Grotius: 588, 589

Delany, Dr Patrick (1685?–1768), Church of Ireland dean of Down (1744) and writer; chancellor of Christchurch cathedral in Dublin; published refutation of Lord Orrery’s criticism of Swift (1754), an author with whom he was very friendly; attacked contemporary education in The Present State of Learning (1732); noted educationalist: 658, 784

Democritus (fl. 400 bc), Greek philosopher and writer on mathematics, morals and music: 821 n. a.

Demosthenes (383–322 bc), Athenian statesman and orator: 351, 372, 373, 695, 714

Dempster, George (1732–1818), agriculturalist and politician; MP for twenty-eight years; relatively unallied to party; secretary to the Order of the Thistle (1765); director of the East India Company (1769, 1772); encouraged Richard Arkwright to set up mills in New Lanark, Scotland (1783); best remembered as agricultural improver: 217, 230, 231, 232, 233, 363, 424, 426, 686

Dempster, Miss, George Dempster’s sister: 654, 920

Dennis, John (1657–1734), literary critic; author of Britannia triumphans (1704); achieved modest success as a playwright; early critic of Dryden; critical works included An Essay on the Genius and Writings of Shakespear (1712), The Stage Defended (1726), The Grounds of Criticism in Poetry (1704) and Remarks upon Cato (1713); ridiculed by Pope in The Dunciad (1728) and An Essay on Criticism (1711): 539, 782n.a

Derrick, Samuel (1724–69), author; translated de Bergerac into A Voyage to the Moon (1753); ambivalent acquaintance with S.J. and J.B., the latter describing him as this ‘little blackguard pimping dog’; master of ceremonies at Bath and Tunbridge Wells (1763), a role for which mocked by Smollett as a ‘puny monarch’inHumphry Clinker ($$): $$ 4, 205, 209, 239,240, 724,870, 889 n. a

Desmoulins, Mr, husband of the following, a writing master: 644 n. a, 722, 843

Desmoulins, Mrs (b. 1716): 644, 685, 692, 720, 725, 814, 859, 879, 891, 904, 941 n. b, 998

Desmoulins, John (fl. 1784), son of the preceding: 990

Devaynes, John, George III’s apothecary: 914

Devonshire, Georgiana Spencer, Duchess of (1757–1806), wife of the 5th Duke, political hostess; fashion trend-setter; friends included Richard Brinsley Sheridan, who satirized the Devonshire circle in The School for Scandal; friend of the young Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV; ruined by involvement in publicity for Charles James Fox’s election campaign; forced into exile after affair with Charles Grey (1791): 726, 961

Diamond, Mr, apothecary: 133

Dick, Sir Alexander (1703–85), physician; fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1727); president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1756–63); fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783); correspondent of J.B. and S.J.; J.B. apparently wished to marry his daughter: 574, 575, 590, 875, 906, 907

Dilly, Charles (1739–1807), bookseller brother of Edward; specialist in ‘dissenting’ and ‘American’ literature; practically adopted J.B., who claimed was made to feel ‘like blood relation’; book shop was a ‘kind of Coffee house for authors’ (Benjamin Rush); S.J. his frequent guest; approached to serve as Alderman and sheriff of London: 141, 393, 395, 397, 443, 492, 522, 553, 554, 555, 714, 716, 736, 828, 833, 836, 837, 904

Dilly, Edward (1732–79), bookseller brother of Charles; had a commercial interest in the Public Advertiser and the London Magazine; loyal supporter of John Wilkes; fiercely pro-American; friends included S.J. and Benjamin Franklin; ran book shop at the sign of the Rose and Crown at 22 Poultry, near Mansion House: 393, 443, 522, 553, 554, 555, 579, 580, 589, 677, 678,679, 714,716, 717,734, 737, 819, 822, 829, 837, 904,917, 945

Dilly, John, or ‘Squire’ (1731–1806), brother of the preceding: 828, 830

Diogenes Laertius (c.ad 200–250), philosophical writer and biographer: 769

‘Dives’: 347

Dixie, or Dixey, Sir Wolstan (c.1701–67), patron of Market Bosworth School: 50n. c

Dodd, Dr William (1729–77), Church of England clergyman and forger; compiled The Beauties of Shakespeare (1752); almost solely responsible for the Christian Magazine (1760–67); author of a Commentary of the Bible (1764); delivered the Lady Moyer lectures at St Paul’s Cathedral from 1754; forged bill worth £4, 200 in name of Earl of Chesterfield and received the death penalty; S.J. agreed to help in campaign for pardon: 16, 585, 586, 589, 590, 593, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 605, 612, 613, 658, 669, 675, 878

Dodington, George Bubb, Baron Melcombe (1691–1762), politician: 796 n. a

Dodsley, James (1724–97), bookseller; younger brother of Robert; ran shop at the sign of Tully’s Head in Pall Mall; sold new titles by Goldsmith, Sterne, Walpole and Graves; most popular publication was Burke’s Reflections; did not possess the energy or talent of his brother: 104, in, 503

Dodsley, Robert (1703–64), bookseller and writer; friend and correspondent of Pope; opened shop at Tully’s Head (1735); authored the plays Cleone (1758) and The Toy Shop (1735); brought out the first poems of Akenside, Gray and Shenstone; set up the periodical The Museum (1746); owned shares in the London Magazine and the London Evening-Post; published S.J.’s Vanity of Human Wishes (1749), Irene (1749) and, in collaboration with five other booksellers, Dictionary (1755); compiled and produced Select Collection of Old Plays (12 vols., 1744–5) and A Collection of Poems by Several Hands (6 vols., 1748–58): 12, 72,73, 104,105, 108,113 n. a, 133, 144,149 n. a, 150, 156,158, 171, 175 n. b, 182, 514, 529, 538, 603 n. a, 629, 668, 675, 742, 773, 775, 503, 505 n. b

Dominicetti, Bartholomewde (fl. 1753–65): 310, 311

Donaldson, Alexander (fl. 1750–94), bookseller and printer; used Pope’s head as the sign of his bookshop; young Scots with literary ambition used his shop as a meeting place, including J.B. and Andrew Erskine; second volume of his Collection of Original Poems (1760–62) gave J.B. an outlet for his Juvenilia; assaulted copyright laws in London, to S.J.’s chagrin, by winning case of Donaldson v. Becket (1774); founder of the Edinburgh Advertiser (1764): 231

Dorset, John Frederick Sackville-Germaine, 3rd Duke of (1745–99), cricketer and courtier; supporter of the Rockingham and Shelbourne ministries; Lord Lieutenant of Kent (1769–97); colonel of West Kent militia (1778–99); sworn of the Privy Council, captain of the Yeoman of the Guard, Master of the Horse (1782); changed allegiance to support Pitt (1783); ambassador to France (1783-9); knight of the Garter (1788); founder member of the Marylebone Cricket Club (1787): 1000 n.c

Dossie, Robert (fl. 1758–82), miscellaneous writer: 768

Doughty, William (d. 1782), portrait painter and mezzotint engraver: 415 n. a, 1000 n. c

Douglas, Dr John (1721–1807), bishop of Salisbury (1791); exposed the forgeries of William Lauder in Milton No Plagiary (1750–51); trounced Hutchesonian sect in Apology for the Clergy (1755); assisted S.J. in the detection of the Cock Lane Ghost imposture (1762); canon at St Paul’s (1776); bishop of Carlisle (1787); dean of Windsor (1788); provided information for J.B.’s Life, who proposed him for membership of the Club (1790), to which elected in 1792: 12, 74, 82, 127, 127 n. a, 141, n. a, 192, 216, 228, 252, 294, 295 and n. a, 382 and n. a, 434, 480, 619, 642, 695, 916, 917

Douglas, Sir John, J.B. ‘s cousin: 611

Drake, Sir Francis ($$), circumnavigator: 10, 85, 86, 339

Draper, Somerset (d. 1756), bookseller, J. and R. Tonson’s partner: 542

Drelincourt, Charles (1595–1669), French Protestant divine: 347 n. a

Drogheda, Edward Moore, 5th Earl of (1701–58): 343

Drumgould, or Drumgold, Colonel Jean (1720–81): 475, 476, 478

Drummond, Dr Robert Hay: 566, 730

Drummond, William, of Hawthornden (1585–1649), poet and pamphleteer; acquaintance of Ben Jonson; author of A History of Scotland (pub. 1655); Milton borrowed from his apparently Mannerist poems: 276, 277, 278, 279, 285, 566n.a

Dryden, John (1631–1700), poet, playwright and critic; Tory and loyal supporter of the Stuarts; established himself in the theatre with the comedy Marriage a-la-mode (staged November 1671, printed 1673), the heroic dramas The Conquest of Granada (staged December 1670-January 1671, printed 1672) and Aureng-Zebe (staged ^November 1675, printed 1676) and the blank verse adaptation of Antony and Cleopatra, All for Love (staged December 1677, printed 1678); Poet Laureate (1668); made an historically significant early foray into criticism with Of Dramatick Poesie (1668); convert to Roman Catholicism (1685-8); turned to adaptation and translation when silenced by the Protestant Glorious Revolution; a hugely varied and wide-ranging writer and the greatest poet of his era: 125, 163, 239, 263, 304, 325, 350, 379, 388, 436,475, 538, 556, 557, 560, 660, 675, 688 n. a, 711, 738 and n. a, 783, 786, 787, 826, 899, 931

Du Bos, Jean Baptiste (1670–1742), critic: 306

DuHalde, Jean Baptiste (1674–1743), Jesuit writer: 11, 79 n. b, 91, 291

Dunbar, Dr James (d. 1798), professor of philosophy, King’s College, Aberdeen: 759

Duncombe, William (1690–1769), writer; author of Junius Brutus (1734); contributed to Dodsley’s A Collection of Poems by Several Hands (1748): 693 and n.a

Dundas, Henry, 1st Viscount Melville (1742–1811), politician; lord advocate (^I775); MP for Edinburgh (1790); supporter of North then Rockingham; forged partnership with Pitt; Home Secretary (1791); central in the union of Ireland with Great Britain (1801); had a significant hand in the India Act (1784); Secretary of State for War (1794); first lord of the Admiralty (1804): 145, 638

Dunning, John, 1 st Baron Ashburton (1731–83), barrister and politician; recorder of Bristol (1766–83); Solicitor-General (1768); deeply committed to religious liberty; follower and friend of Shelbourne; closely involved in East Indian affairs; created Baron Ashburton (1782): 252, 345, 591, 654, 795

Dunton, John (1659–1733), bookseller and Whig propagandist: 873

Dupin, Louis Ellies (1657–1719), French theologian: 936

Duppa, Dr Brian (1588–1662), bishop of Winchester (1660); occupied a median position between Laudians and anti-Laudians; dean of Christ Church (1628); vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford (1632-3); bishop of Chichester (1638); bishop of Salisbury (1641); author of Holy Rules and Helps to Devotion (1673), a work that gained Increasing popularity in the eighteenth century; editor of Jonsonus virbius (1638), a collection of poems on the death of Ben Jonson: 991 n. a

Dury, Major-General Alexander (d. 1758): 181 and n.a

Dyer, Samuel (1725–72), translator; original member of the Ivy Lane Club (1749); first elected member of the Literary Club (1764); intimate friend of Edmund Burke; fellow (1760), and later on the council, of the Royal Society (1766): 252, 269, 768

Eccles, Mr: 224

Eccles, RevdJohn (d. 1777): 192

Edwards, Oliver (1711–91), lawyer and college friend of S.J.: 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 813

Edwards, Revd Jonathan (1703–58), president of the College of New Jersey, Calvinist theologian and philosopher; tutor at Yale College (1724-6); author of A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737), Freedom of the Will (1754) and Some Thoughts concerning the Present Revival of Religion in New England (1742); prominent role in New England’s pietistic revival, the ‘great awakening’ (1740–42); the outstanding American theologian of the eighteenth century: 722

Edwin, John (1749–90), comedian: 976 n. a

Elibank, Patrick Murray, 5th Baron (1703–78), literary patron; Tory; member of the Select Society; intimately associated with the Edinburgh literati; described by J.B. as ‘a man of great genius, great knowledge, and much whim’ (London Journal); admired by S.J. for his wisdom; proprietor of the East India Company: 334, 338, 360, 362, 408, 531, 547, 768, 827

Eliot, Edward Eliot, 1st Baron (1727–1804), politician; one of the leading borough proprietors of the age; connected to Frederick, Prince of Wales; receiver-general of the Duchy of Cornwall; supported Newcastle until his ambitions were disappointed; strained but close relationship with Gibbon; member of the Literary Club; early patron of Sir Joshua Reynolds; friend of Pitt; hovered on the fringe of the Rockingham administration: 252, 545, 866 n. a, 943, 946, 947

Elliock, James Veitch, Lord (1712–93), judge; popular member of Edinburgh legal and literary circles; sheriff-deputy of the county of Peebles (1747); connections with the 3rd Duke of Queensberry; deputy-governor of the Royal Bank of Scotland (1776): 638

Elliot, Sir Gilbert (1722–77), politician and literary patron; Roxburghshire’s first sheriff-depute (1748); MP for Selkirkshire (1753–65); lord of the Admiralty (1756-7); supporter of Pitt; founder member of Edinburgh’s Poker Club (1762); treasurer of the Chamber (1762–70); supporter of Bute; treasurer of the navy (1770); oratory skills admired by J.B.; friend of Hume; amateur poet: 345

Ellis, John (1698–1790), scrivener and miscellaneous writer: 529

Ellis, Revd William (fl. 1770), headmaster of Bishop’s Stortford School: 320

Ellis, Welbore, 1st Baron Mendip (1713–1802), politician; supporter of Fox then Pelham; joint Irish vice-treasurer (1755–62, 1770–75); Privy Councillor (1760); Secretary at War (1762-5); treasurer of the navy (1777); secretary of state for America (1782); supporter of North; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1745); trustee of the British Museum (1780): 584 n. d

Elphinston, James (1721–1809), educationalist and advocate of spelling reform; correspondent of S.J.; author of Principles of the English Language Digested (1766) and Inglish Orthography Epittomized (1790); considerable influence on twentieth-century philologists including Jespersen, Muller, Wyld and Rohlfing; published everything post-1787 in his reformed orthography: 117, 118, 125, 279, 380, 425, 663, 859 n. a

Elwall, Edward (1676–1744), Seventh-Day Baptist and religious controversialist; author of The True Testimony (1724) and A Declaration Against George, King of Great Britain (1732); colourful and eccentric figure; S.J. accused of misquoting: 348, 395

Erasmus, Desiderius (1466?-1536), Dutch humanist, linguist, theologian and scholar; author of The Praise of Folly (1511): 564 n. a, 958

Erskine, Hon. Andrew (1740–93), poet; lieutenant in the 71st regiment of foot (1759); contributed to A Collection of Original Poems by… Scots Gentlemen (1760); correspondent of J.B. (1760–63), published as Letters between the Honourable Andrew Erskine and James Boswell, Esq. (1763); favoured burlesque and parody in manner of Swift and Gay; committed suicide after bouts of illness and depression: 217, 604

Erskine, Hon. Thomas, afterwards Lord Erskine (1750–1823), Lord Chancellor; brother of Hon. Henry and the Earl of Buchan; convivial member of literary circles including S.J. and J.B.; defended Lord Gordon (1781); intimate of Fox and R. B. Sheridan; enthusiast for the French Revolution; Order of the Thistle (1815); unorthodox but theatrical and successful advocate: 352, 353,354

Erskine, Sir Henry (1710–65), army officer and politician; captain in the 1st Royal Scots (1743); MP for the Ayr burghs (1749–54); friend and confidante of Bute; surveyor of the King’s private roads (1757–60); promoted Major-General (1759); secretary of the Order of the Thistle (1765); promoted Lieutenant General (1765): 205

Euripides (c. 480–406 bc); Attic tragedian: 44, 45, 59, 355, 764, 936

Eutropius (fl. AD 364–78), historian and epitomizer: 58, 386

Evans, John (fl. 1716): 25 n. b

Fairfax, Edward (d. 1635), poet: 782 n. a, 976 n. a

Falconer, Revd William, a Nonjuring bishop: 724

Falkland, Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount (i6io?~43); polician and author; moderate royalist and constitutionalist; killed at the battle of Newbury (20 September 1643) after recklessly exposing himself to enemy fire: 475, 1005

Falmouth, George Evelyn Boscawen, 3rd Viscount (1758–1808): 702

Farmer, Dr Richard (1735–97), master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; literary scholar; author of An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare (ij6j); member of the Club, and provider of assistance to S.J. in his own literary and scholarly projects: 197, 319, 538, 754, 772, 843

Farquhar, George (1678–1707), playwright; established fame with The Constant Couple (1699), running for fifty-three nights in London; attacked Aristotle’s unities in a Discourse upon Comedy; secured place in posterity with later works The Recruiting Officer (1706) and The Beaux’ Stratagem (1707); admired by S.J.: 767

Faulkner, George (1699?–1775), printer and bookseller; published Swift’s Works (1735), the Irish edition of Pope’s Works (1736) and a Dublin edition of Richardson’s Clarissa (1748); friend of the 4th Earl of Chesterfield; had the largestpub-lishing output of the century in Dublin: 173, 342

Fawkener, Sir Everard (1684–1758), merchant and diplomatist; formed a memorable friendship with Voltaire – dedicatee of Zaire (1733); ambassador to the Sublime Porte in Constantinople (1735–42); secretary to the Duke of Cumberland (1745–58); joint Paymaster-General: 103 n. a

Fawkes, Revd Francis (1720–77), poet and translator; chaplain at Bramham, Yorkshire; translated Anacreon (1760); achieved a high reputation as a translator in his lifetime; friend of and sometime collaborator with S.J.: 15, 203

Fenton, Elijah (1683–173 o), poet; edited and contributed to The Oxford and Cambridge Miscellany Poems (1709); author of Poems on Several Occasions (1717) and a tragedy, Marianne (1723); helped Pope with edition of Shakespeare; translated Books I, IV, XIX and XX for Pope’s Odyssey; praised by S.J.: 434 n. a

Ferguson, Dr Adam (1723–1816), professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh; philosopher and historian; author of An Essay on the History of Civil Society (1767) and the History of the Progress and Termination of the Roman Republic (1783); one of the leading figures in the Scottish Enlightenment: 310

Fergusson, James (1735–1820), of Pitfour, Advocate andMP: 638

Fergusson, Sir Adam, of Kilkerran (1733–1813): 350

Fermor, Mrs (fl. 1775): 471

Fielding, Henry (1707– 54), author and magistrate; as playwright, noted for ‘irregular’ modes of farce, satire and ballad opera; contributed to oppositional journal The Champion; dramatic career ended by the 1737 Licensing Act; earned fame through Shamela (1741), a parody of the Richardsonian epistolary novel; made own mark with Joseph Andrews (1742) and his masterpiece, Tom Jones (1749); high steward of the New Forest (1746-8); publicist for the Pelham ministry; chairman of the sessions (1749); enjoyed the patronage of the Duke of Bedford; formed the ‘Bow Street Runners’, the first modern Metropolitan Police: 97 n. b, 288, 352, 353, 541, 640, 755, 906, 1000 n. c

Fielding, Sir John (d. 1780), magistrate; half-brother to Henry; opened the Universal Register Office with Henry and others (1750); Justice of the Peace for Westminster (1751) then Middlesex (1754); governor of the Magdalen Hospital; life governor of the Female Orphans Asylum: 224

Filby, William, Goldsmith’s tailor: 304

Firebrace, Lady (d. 1782): 79 and n. a

Fitzherbert, Alleyne, Baron St Helens (1753–1839), diplomatist; both parents good friends of S.J.; minister resident in Brussels (1777–83); minister-plenipotentiary to negotiate peace agreement at the end of the American War of Independence (1782); diplomat at the court of Catherine the Great at St Petersburg (1783-7); chief secretary for Ireland (1787-9); ambassador to The Hague (1789–90); negotiator in Madrid (1790–94); ambassador to St Petersburg (1801 –3); lord of the bedchamber (1803–20, 1820–30): 49, 603, 653, 731

Fitzherbert, Mrs (d. 1753): 780

Fitzherbert, William (i7i2-72), MP: 194, 780

Fitzroy, Lord Charles (d. 1739): 514

Flatman, Thomas (1637–88), poet and painter of miniatures: 534

Fleetwood, Charles (d. 1747/8), theatre manager; purchased John Highmore’s share of the Drury Lane Theatre patent (1734); refereed boxing matches at Tottenham Court (1739); brought Garrick to Drury Lane on £500 per annum; sold patent to Richard Green and Morton Amber (1744) after a series of confrontations with minor acting troupes; reputation for improvidence: 66

Fleming, Sir Michaelle (1748–1806), MP: 243 n. a

Flexman, Dr Roger (1708–95), Presbyterian minister and indexer; minister of the congregation at Jamaica Row, Rotherhithe, London (1747); Friday lecturer at Little St Helen’s, Bishopsgate (1754); made DD by Marischal College, Aberdeen (1770); sometime poet; renowned for remarkable memory and accuracy; compiler of a general index to the journals of the House of Commons (1776–80, appointed 1770): 943

Flint, Bet, prostitute: 820

Flood, Henry (1732–91), politician; idealized Pitt the elder; sworn of the Irish Privy Council (1775); vice-treasurer of Ireland (1775–81); from 1781 onwards, an independent radical; committed patriot and reformer; subject to vicious attempted political assassination by Grattan (1783); MP for Winchester (1783); adept political propagandist; talented orator and superb debater; sometime poet: 173 n. a, 333, 1002, 1002 n. b, 1003

Floyd, or Flloyd, Thomas (fl. 1760–62), miscellaneous author: 240

Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757), French poet and man of letters: 11, 86, 657

Foote, Samuel (1720–77), actor and playwright; early acting career in London and Dublin faltered; rented the Haymarket theatre and established the ‘satirical revue’ (1746-7), achieving tremendous success with The Diversions of the Morning, or, A Dish of Chocolate; author of The Minor (1760), a satire on Methodists; feuded with Fielding; leg amputated after riding accident (1766); considered an inveterate liar by S.J.: 190, 308 and n. a, 309, 315, 342, 343, 360 n. a, 374, 423,462, 476,478, 497, 555, 556, 571, 622, 623, 666, 863, 886, 916, 947

Forbes, Sir William, of Pitsligo (1739–1806), banker and benefactor; leading member of the Merchants’ Company of Edinburgh; author of the autobiography Memoirs of a Banking-House (published i860); actively involved in almost all charitable establishments in Edinburgh; close friend of James Beattie and J.B.; member of the Literary Club; friend of Joshua Reynolds; witness in Lord Melville’s impeachment (1806): 539, 540, 563, 564, 635, 644

Ford, Cornelius (1632–1709): 31

Fordyce, Dr George (1736–1802), physician; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1765); physician to St Thomas’s Hospital; friend of Joshua Reynolds, Garrick, Gibbon and R. B. Sheridan; member of the Literary Club (from 1774); admitted to the Royal College of Physicians (speciali grati) (1787); Goulstonian lecturer (1789); Harveian orator (1791); author of Elements of the Practice of Physic (1770) and A Treatise on Digestion and Food (1791); famed for a remarkable memory: 252, 408, 433, 943

Fordyce, Dr James (1720–96), Church of Scotland minister and moralist; one of the most celebrated and fashionable preachers of the 1760s in London; author of Sermons to Young Women (1765) and Addresses to Young Men (1777); sole pastor atMonkwell Street (1760–82); social connection with J.B. andS.J.: 210, 995

Forrester, Colonel James (fl. 1734), author of The Polite Philosopher: 530

Forster, George (1754–94), naturalist: 620

Foster, Mrs Elizabeth (c. 1690–1754), Milton’s grand-daughter: 127

Fothergill, Dr Thomas (c. 1716–96), provost of Queen’s College, Oxford; vice-chancellor: 439, 441 and n. a

Foulis, Andrew (1712–75), and Robert (1707–76), Glasgow printers and booksellers: 464

Fox, Charles James (1749–1806), politician; leader of the Whigs, then Foxite faction; member of the Club and the Dilettanti; mentored by Burke until their irrevocable rupture (1791); MP for Westminster with only brief interruption (1780–1806); sometime correspondent of Thomas Jefferson; Foreign Secretary (1782-3); headed the Fox-North coalition (1783); antagonistic to George III; self-confessed Francophile (pro-Revolution); Foreign Secretary in the ‘ministry of all the talents’ (1806); suffered from, and characterized by, long exclusion from office; little or no connection with organized religion: 252, 408, 433, 660, 664, 667, 857, 910,917, 918,926

Francklin, Dr Thomas (1721–84), Church of England clergyman and writer; professor of Greek at Cambridge University (1750); king’s chaplain (1767); contributor to Smollett’s Critical Review; chaplain to the Royal Academy (1768); acquaintance of S.J. and Joshua Reynolds; translated Sophocles (1759) and The Works of Lucian (2 vols., 1780); playwright– The Earl of Warwick (1766) and Matilda (1775): 189

Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90), natural philosopher, writer and revolutionary politician in America; only person to sign all three fundamental documents of American statehood – the Declaration of Independence (1776), the peace treaty with Britain (1783) and the constitutionofthe United States (1787); proved there was only one Kind of electricity with his Law of conservation (1747); most famous natural philosopher sinceIsaac Newton after hisExperiments and Observations on Electricity (pub.1751); Justice of the Peace then president of the Supreme Executive Council for Philadelphia; most noted pro-American statesman and intermediary in Anglo-American politics; commissioner to negotiate the peace following General Cornwallis’s surrender to George Washington (1781): 431, 656, 781, 1000 n. c

Fraser, Lieutenant General Simon (1726–82), master of Lovat: 520

Fraser, Mr, the engineer: 699

Frederick, the Great, king of Prussia (1712–86): 13, 166, 230, 291n. a

Friend, SirJohn (d.1696), Brewer and Jacobite conspirator;Member of the Brewers’ Company (1662); excise commissioner (1683–9); deputy lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets (until 1689); knighted by James II (1685); proposed to kidnap William and Mary to France (1693); sentenced for high treason and hanged for supposed part in assassination plot (1696): 357

Fullarton, Colonel William (1754–1808), commissioner of Trinidad: 716

Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642), scientist and natural philosopher: 109

Galway, Jane, Lady (d. 1788), 2nd wifeof Philip Monckton, 1st Viscount: 823

Gama, Vasco da (d. 1524), Portuguese navigator: 900

Ganganelli, Giovanni Vincenzo (1705–74), Pope Clement XIV: 678

Gardiner, Mrs Ann Hedges (c.1716–89), wife of a tallow-chandler: 530, 898, 989 n. a

Gardner, Thomas (fl. 1735–56), London bookseller and printer: 446 and n. b

Garrick, Captain Peter (1685–1735), David Garrick’s father: 48

Garrick, David (1717–79), actor and playwright; S.J. a friend and mentor from boyhood; joint patentee of the Drury Lane Theatre (from 1747); collaborated with George Colman on The Clandestine Marriage (1766); unusually diverse circle of friends included Burke and Reynolds; member of the Club (1773); more than any other actor, changed the acting style of the nation; presided over the creation of Shakespeare as the national poet: 10 n. a, 16, 48, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 66, 86, 88, 96, 97, 103, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 n. a, 121, 126, 127, 133, 135, 137, 145, 163, 208, 211, 213, 251, 252, 253, 283, 297, 302, 303, 304, 305, 307, 309, 317, 329, 360, 380, 381, 383, 384,385, 387, 397, 423, 436, 437, 439, 463, 481, 499, 512, 513, 531, 536, 537, 545, 555, 556, 604, 622, 623, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 682, 691, 692, 696, 724, 731, 733, 746, 749, 758 n. b, 765, 767 and n. b, 771, 776, 777, 795 n. a, 816, 818, 878, 886, 896, 897, 970 n. c

Garrick, Eva Maria (c. 1725–1822), dancer and wife of David Garrick; Earl and Countess of Burlington her patrons; constant supporter, companion and adviser to her husband in theatrical affairs; died childless: 816, 915

Garrick, Peter (1710–95), elder brother of David: 59, 66, 429, 511, 514, 745

Garth, Sir Samuel (1661–1719), physician and poet; fellow ofthe Royal College of Physicians (1693); Whig; Harveian orator (1697); member of the Kit-Cat Club; translated Ovid’s Metamorphoses (1717); author of The Dispensary, a Poem (1699); encouraged Pope topublish The Rape of the Lock; knighted 1715: 908

Gastrell, Mrs (1710–91), wife of the below: 746

Gastrell, Revd Francis (c. 1707–72), vicar of Frodsham, Cheshire: 49 n. b

Gaubius, Hieronymus David (1705–80), physician and professor: 42

Gay, John (1685–1732), poet and playwright; member of the Scriblerius Club; close friend of and collaborator with Pope; secretary and domestic steward to the Duchess of Monmouth (1712); author of poems Rural Sports (1713) and The Shepherd’s Week (1714), but fame rests on the play The Beggar’s Opera (1728); reputation guarded posthumously by Pope and Swift: 458, 782 n. a

George I (1660–1727), king of England and elector of Hanover: 445

George II (1683–1760), king of England: 85, 86, 117, 348, 445, 534, 818, 822

George III (1738–1820), king of England: 14, 15, 188, 193, 199, 396, 677, 926

Gherardi, Marchese (fl. 1778): 699

Giannone, Pietro (1676–1748), Italian author and historian; author of The Civil History of the Kingdom of Naples (1723), as a result of which he was excommunicated; opponent of papal power; died in prison after being kidnapped by papal agents: 765

Gibbon, Edward (1737–94), the historian; author of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776–88); MP and commissioner of trade and plantations; member of the Club; an object of suspicion to both J.B. andS.J. on account of his reputation for religious scepticism: 252, 296 n. b, 448, 457 and n. b, 545, 655, 659, 667, 804

Gibbons, Dr Thomas (1720–85), Nonconformist minister: 833, 917

Gibson, William (fl. 1748): 991

Giffard, Henry (1694–1772), actor and theatre manager; manager of Goodman’s Fields theatre (1731); acted regularly on the London stage (1729–35); briefly held share in Drury Lane (1733-4); set up at vacant Theatre Royal and Lincoln’s Inn Fields theatre (1736); unwittingly precipitated Licensing Act (1737); gave Garrick his London debut: ^6, 97

Gillespie, Dr Thomas (d. 1804), Lord Auchinleck’s physician: 907

Gisborne, Dr Thomas (d. 1806), president of the College of Physicians: 603 n. a

Glasse, Hannah (1708–70): 678

Goldsmith, Dr Isaac (d. 1769), dean of Cloyne and Prebendary of Cork: 217, 218, 219, 220n. b, 221, 223, 224, 251, 260, 267, 269, 285, 304, 355, 370, 371, 372, 376, 377, 383, 387, 393, 410 n. a, 411, 526, 562, 563 n. a, 564 n. a, 572, 768, 779, 825, 865, 1000 n. c

Goldsmith, Mrs Henry, widow of the above: 572

Goldsmith, Oliver (1730–74), Irish author; contributor to the Critical Review (from 1759); circle of friends included Smollett, S.J., Reynolds, Burke and Garrick; Tory; author of the biography The Life of Richard Nash (1762), the novel The Vicar of Wakefield(ij66), AnEssay on the Theatre, or, A Comparison between Laughing and Sentimental Comedy and, most famously, the play She Stoops to Conquer ($$); charter member of the Club (1764); significant contribution in restoring to the stage the ‘laughing comedy’ of Farquhar and Vanbrugh: 15, 113, 119, 124, 220, 225, 253, 263, 264, 268, 287, 288, 296 and n. b, 304, 306, 311, 322, 332, 349, 355, 356, 357, 359, 363, 374,375, 377, 378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384,385, 386, 387, 393,394, 395, 396, 397,398, 399, 400,410, 411, 412, 453, 526, 538, 563, 564 n. a, 565 n. a, 610, 611, 613, 657, 660, 664, 669, 691, 726, 750, 769, 774, 777, 825, 861, 862, 915,936, 939,943

Gombauld, Jean Ogier de (d. 1666), French poet: 737

Gordon, Dr John (1725–93), archdeacon and chancellor of Lincoln: 717

Gordon, Hon. Alexander, Lord Rockville (c. 1739–92), Scottish judge: 247

Gordon, Lord George (1751–93), politician and religious agitator; MP for Ludger-shall, Wilts; president of the Protestant Association (1779) and obsessed with the No Popery issue; anti-Catholic riots at Westminster (June 1780), when c.60, 000 gathered, lent his name; took no part in riots but sentenced for five years on different charges; later convert to Judaism (1787): 754, 756 n. a, 812

Gordon, Sir Alexander, of Lismore (c. 1720–82), professor of medicine, Aberdeen: 404 n. b, 575

Gower, John (i325?–i4o8), poet; probably held some legal or civil office; general attorney at Chaucer’s appointment (1378); named as ‘moral Gower’ in Troilus and Criseyde; wrote extensively, with fluency and distinction, in three languages; major works include Mirour de l’omme (c. 1376–9), Vox clamantis (after 1381) and Confessio Amantis (c. 1390), his magnum opus: 661

Gower, John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl (1694–1754), politician; made DCL by Oxford (1732); mayor of Cheadle (1721); leader of the Tories in the House of Lords (173 os); Lord Justice (1740); Lord Privy Seal and Privy Councillor (1742); loyal Pelhamite towards the end of his career; included by S.J. in definition of ‘renegado’ in the Dictionary: 25 n. b, 76 n. a, 77, 78, 161

Grafton, August Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of (1735–1811), politician; lord of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales (1756-8); Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk (1757–62, 1769–90); KG (1769); Secretary of State for the North (1765-6); first lord of the Treasury (1766-7); effectively prime minister (1768–1770); secured Pelham group’s accession to the ministry; chancellor of Cambridge University (1769); subject to attack by the ‘Junius’ letters; forced out by Chatham’s return: 514

Graham, James Graham, 6th Marquis of, 3rd Duke of Montrose (1755–1836), politician; MP for Richmond, Yorks (1780); chancellor of Glasgow University (1780–1836); lord of the Treasury (1773); MP for Great Bedwyn, Wilts (1784); joint Paymaster-General of the forces (1789–91); Privy Councillor (1789); Master of the Horse (1790–95, 1807–30); commissioner for Indian affairs (1791–1803); Lord Justice General of Scotland (1795–1836); president of the Board of Trade (1804-6); Lord Chamberlain (1821-7, i828–3o):729, 730

Graham, Mary Helen (1763–96): 743

Graham, Revd George (1728–67), playwright; fellow of King’s College, Cambridge (1749–67); friendly with S.J.; author of a masque, Telemachus (1763), and a collection of edifying stories with ‘poetic essays’, The Virtuous Novelist (1750): 15, 218, 575, 823, 824

Grainger, James (1721?-66), physician and poet; ran a practice in Bond Court (from 1753); contributor to the Monthly Review; acquaintance of S.J., Smollett and Goldsmith; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1758); translated Tibullus and Sulpicia; later feuded with Smollett; author of poems The Sugar-Cane (1764) and ‘Ode to Solitude’, the latter earning praise from S.J.: 15, 253, 506 and n. a, 507 n. a, 629

Granger, Revd James (1723–76), print collector and biographer; author of the Biographical History of England (1769), which catalogued portrait heads and added biographical memoirs; S.J. complained of political bias in his work (Whiggism); OED (1882) records the verb ‘to grangerize’ after his manner of print collecting: 568

Grant, Sir Archibald, of Monymusk (1696–1778), politician and agricultural improver; expelled from the Commons for speculative activities (1732); from 1734, largely devoted to improving his estate in Monymusk; published The Practical Farmer’s Pocket Companion (1766): 574

Granville, JohnCarteret, 1st Earl (1690–1763), statesman: 769, 807

Grattan, Henry (1746–1820), Irish nationalist politician; MP for Charlemont (1775); helped secure free trade from the British government for Ireland (1779–80); splendid oratory won greater legislative authority for Irish Parliament (1782); sworn of the Irish Privy Council (1783); feuded with Henry Flood; tried in vain to prevent the Act of Union (1800); dedicated his last twenty years to Catholic emancipation; absolutely first-rate orator but reputation larger than his achievements: 939

Graves, Morgan (c. 1709–70), elder brother of the following: 55 n. a

Graves, Revd Richard (1715–1804), writer and translator; close friend of Shen-stone; fellow of All Souls, Oxford (1736); rector at Claverton, near Bath (1749); vicar of Kilmarsden (1763–94); wrote an elegy on the death of S.J. (1785); won real fame with The Spiritual Quixote (3 vols., 1773), a novel strongly influenced by Fielding; translated Marcus Aurelius (1792) and Xenophon (1793); hugely versatile; religious enthusiast: 505

Gravina, Gian Vincenzo (1664–1718), Italian critic and poet: 873

Gray, Dr Edward Whitaker (1748–1806), botanist: 477 n. a

Gray, John (fl. 1732–41), London bookseller: 93

Gray, Sir James (d. 1773), diplomatist and antiquary; founder member of the Society of the Dilettanti (1738); secretary to Robert D’Arcy on his mission to Venice (1744); envoy-extraordinary to the court of Naples (1753); knight of the Bath (1759); ambassador to Madrid (1767-9); sworn of the Privy Council (1769): 354

Gray, Thomas (1716–71), poet and literary scholar; author of Odes (1757) and the ‘Elegy’ (1751), the most admired and imitated poem of the century; refused Poet Laureateship (1757); professor of modern history at Cambridge University (1768–71); hostile treatment by S.J. in his Life of Gray (1781): 21, 213, 214, 263 n. a, 347, 432,437, 438,442, 535, 538, 608, 633 n. a, 682, 754, 769, 799, 850, 984

Greaves, Samuel (fl. 1783–4), servant of Mr Thrale: 902

Green, Dr John (i7o6?–79), bishop of Lincoln (1761, earlier dean, 1756); regius professor of divinity at Cambridge University (1748–61); royal chaplain (1753-6); Hanoverian; client of the Duke of Newcastle; vice-chancellor of Cambridge (1756-7); anti-Methodist: 29

Green, or Greene, Richard (1716–93), antiquary and museum proprietor; relative of S.J.’s; sheriff (1758), Alderman and bailiff (1785, 1790) of Lichfield; treated S.J. as an apothecary; museum visited by J.B. and S.J.; S.J.’s intermediary to Lucy Porter: 513, 984

Gregory, Dr James (1753–1821), physician; effectively chief of the medical faculty at Edinburgh University (1776); joint professor of the practice of physic (1790); friends with Burns; first physician to the king of Scotland (1799); author of Philosophical and Literary Essays (1792) and the feud-causing Memorial to the Managers of the Royal Infirmary (1800): 589

Grenville, George (1712–70), prime minister; ‘Cobham Cub’; treasurer of the navy (1754-5, 1757, 1758); Privy Councillor (1754); Secretary of State for the North (1762-3); first lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1763-5); sanctioned the taxes and stamp duties on America that started the American War of Independence: 331

Grey, Dr Richard (1694–1771), author: 695

Grey, Dr Zachary (1688–1766), Church of England clergyman and writer; known through many controversies with the Dissenters; author of A Vindication of the Church of England (1720) and The Spirit of Infidelity Detected (1723); published Critical, Historical, and Explanatory Notes on Shakespeare (2 vols., 1754): 695

Grey, or Gray, Stephen (d. 1736), electrician: 276

Grierson, George Abraham (c.i 728–55), Dublin printer: 321

Grierson, Mrs Constantia (i7o6?~33), classical scholar: 321 n. a

Grimston, William Grimston, 1st Viscount (1683–1756), Whig politician; MP for St Albans (1710–22); created a peer of Ireland (1719); feud with the Duchess of Marlborough; author of a play, The Lawyer’s Fortune, or, Love in a Hollow Tree (1705), ridiculed by Swift and Pope: 808 n. a

Grotius, Hugo (1583–1645), Dutch statesman and jurist: 239, 495, 588, 589

Grove, Henry (1684–1738), Presbyterian minister and tutor in ethics and pneuma-tology at the Taunton Academy (1706), later head (1725); four essays in the Spectator strongly praised by S.J. (1714); A Discourse Concerning the Nature and Design of the Lord’s Supper (1732) ran to eight editions; published poet: 536, 780

Guarini, Giovanni Battista (1538–1612), Italian court poet; instigator of the form of pastoral drama; author of the influential Il Pastor Fido: 711

Guimene, mis-spelling of Guemene

Guthrie, William (1708–70), historian and political journalist; reporter of parliamentary business for the Gentleman’s Magazine; translated Quintilian (1756) and Cicero; regarded with affection by J.B. and S.J.; author of a General History of the World(iz vols., 1764–7), a General History of Scotland (10 vols., 1767) and a Geographical, Historical, and Commercial Grammar (1770): 69, 82, 290, 779

Guyon, Abbe Claude Marie (1699–1771), French historian: 11, 86

Gwyn, General Francis Edward (d. 1821): 15, 187, 193, 498, 499

Hackman, Revd James (1752–79), murderer; murdered Martha Ray (possible lover) after a performance of Love in a Village at Covent Garden (1779); failed suicide attempt immediately after; J.B. attended his hanging (1779); motives disputed by S.J. and Topham Beauclerk: 730–31

Haddington, Charles Hamilton, 8th Earl of, see Binning, Charles Hamilton, Lord

Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, 7th Earl of (c. 1720–95): 594

Hague (fl. c.i720), usher at Lichfield School: 29

Hailes, Sir David Dalrymple, Lord (1726–92), judge and Whig historian; wide-ranging reader with a fine library; advocate for the poor (1753-5); author of Examination… oftheRegiam majestatem (1769) and Remarks on the History of Scotland (1773); Annals of Scotland (2 vols., 1776 and 1779) heralded by S.J. as ‘a new mode of history’; friends with S.J. and J.B.; widely esteemed as a literary critic; correspondent of Burke and Horace Walpole: 145, 229, 367, 410, 411, 413, 414,415, 418,419, 420,421, 441,463, 464,465, 466 n. a,467, 468,481, 482, 484, 485, 487, 488–91, 502, 547, 568, 574, 577, 586, 591, 593–4, 6o6, 627, 640, 642, 673, 718, 725, 737–8 and n. a, 741, 853, 883, 890, 895, 938

Hakewill, Dr George (1578–1649), Church of England clergyman and author; fierce anti-Catholic Calvinist; royal chaplain (1612); archdeacon of Surrey (1617); author of An Apologie… of the Power andProvidence of God(i6zj); listed by J.B. as a shaping stylistic influence on S.J., possibly an influence on Milton: 122

Hale, Sir Matthew (1609–76), judge and writer; broadly royalist; Justice of the Common Court of Pleas (1654); Chief Baron of the Exchequer (1660); knighted (1661); Chief Justice of the King’s Bench (1671-6); author of a History and Analysis of the Common Laws of England (pub. posthumously) and The Primitive Origination of Mankind (\6jj); friend of Richard Baxter: 22, 344,446, 935, 936

Hales, Dr John (1584–1656), scholar and fellow of Eton: 938

Hales, Dr Stephen (1677–1761), physiologist: 13, 166

Hall, General (fl. 1778), officer commanding the Militia at Warley Camp: 719 and n. b

Hall, John (1739–97), history and portrait engraver; fellow of the Society of Artists (1765); engraved Benjamin West’s history paintings; history engraver to the King (1785): 1000 n.c

Hall, Mrs (Martha) (c. 1707–91), sister of John Wesley and wife of the polygamist Revd Westley Hall (1711–76): 814–16

Hamilton, Archibald (c. 1719–93), printer and publisher; set up business in Chancery Lane in 1756, and by 1760 had at least eight printing presses; friend of Smollett; printer of the Critical Review and, by 1758, its publisher; acquaintance of Goldsmith, S.J. and Garrick; later entered into partnership with William Jackson at the Oxford University Press: 380

Hamilton, Douglas Hamilton, 8th Duke of (1756–99): 642

Hamilton, Gavin (1730–97), painter: 405

Hamilton, Sir William (1730–1803), diplomatist and art collector; MP for Mid-hurst, Sussex (1761); supporter of Bute; fellow of the Royal Society (1766); knight of the Bath (1772); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1772); member of the Society of Dilettanti (1777); compulsive art collector who amassed c. 350 paintings including works by Reynolds, Velazquez, Titian and Holbein; expert on volcanoes and author of Campi phlegraei: Observations on the Volcanoes of the Two Sicilies (ijj6): 252

Hamilton, William, of Bangour (1704–54), poet and Jacobite army officer; member of the Rankinian Club; friends with Hume and Prince Charles; said to have hidden in a tree at Falkirk during the Jacobite rising of 1745; author of the ballad ‘The Braes of Yarrow’, admired by Wordsworth: 604

Hamilton, William Gerard (1729–96), politician; member of the Board of Trade (1756–61); chief secretary to Lord Halifax, Irish viceroy (1761); was widely believed to be the author of the ‘Junius’ letters; inconstant in his political alliances; close friend of S.J.: 257, 333, 897, 953, 9^5, 990, 1000 n. b

Hammond, Dr Henry (1605–60), theologian and chaplain to Charles I: 547

Hammond, James (1710–42), politician and poet; equerry to the Prince of Wales (1733–42); enjoyed the patronage of Lord Chesterfield; Whig MP for Truro (1741); author of a prologue to George Lillo’s Elmerick (1740) and the collection of Love Elegies (pub. 1742), imitations of Tibullus, criticized by S.J. as ‘frigid pedantry’ (Lives of the English Poets): 55 n. a, 534 n. a, 771, 799 n. a

Hammond, Richard (d. 1738), apothecary of Lichfield: 26

Hampton, Revd James (1721–78), translator and Church of England clergyman; rector of Moor Monkton, Yorkshire (1762); translated Polybius (1741, 1756–61); author of A Plain and Easy Account ofthe Fall of Man (1750) and An Essay on Ancient and Modern History (1746): 13, 166

Handel, George Frederick (1685–1759), musical composer; composer of The Messiah: 919

Hanmer, SirThomas (1677–1746), politician; Hanoverian Tory; one of the leading speakers for the Tories in the Lower House; secretly made Chancellor of the Exchequer by Harley (1708); member of the October Club; Speaker in the Commons; produced several literary efforts, including A Review of the Text of… ‘Paradise Lost’ (1733) and an edition of Shakespeare (1743-4): 12, 100,101, 276, 280 n. b

Hannibal (247–182 bc), great Carthaginian general who came close to defeating Rome in the Second Punic War; finally defeated by Scipio at the battle of Zama: 539

Hanway, Jonas (1712–86), merchant and philanthropist; employee of the Russia Company (1743–64); author of An Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea (4 vols., 1753) and Virtue in Humble Life (2 vols., 1774); literary skirmishes with Goldsmith and S.J. over opposition to tea; governor of the Foundling Hospital (1756); established the Marine Society; Bute his patron: 14, 167, 169, 324

Harding, J. (fl. 1782), painter: 1000 n.c

Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of (1690–1764), Lord Chancellor (1737–56); high steward of Cambridge University (1749); confidante of the Duke of Newcastle; Solicitor-General and knighted (1720); Attorney General (1724); Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench and Privy Councillor (1733); immensely conscientious; sounded by Walpole as his possible successor as prime minister: 536, 634

Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of (1720–90), politician and writer; eldest son of the ist Earl of Hardwicke; MP for Reigate, Surrey (1741-7); member (without office) of the first Rockingham administration; Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire (1757); high steward of Cambridge University (1764–90); produced Walpoliana (1783), a collection of anecdotes about Sir Robert Walpole: 141 n. a

Harington, Dr Henry (1727–1816), physician and musician: 864

Harington, Dr Henry (c. 1755–91), son of the preceding and nominal editor of Nugce Antiques: 864

Harington, Sir John (1561–1612), wit, and translator of Ariosto: 1000 n. a

Harley, Edward, see Oxford, Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of

Harrington, Caroline, Countess of (1722–84): 598

Harris, James (1709–80), philosopher and musical patron; author of Hermes, or, A Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Universal Grammar (1751) and Philosophical Arrangements (1775); responsible for the first draft of the libretto for Handel’s L’allegro, il penseroso ed il moderato; supporter of Grenville; MP for Christchurch, Hampshire (1761); commissioner of the Admiralty (1763); commissioner of the Treasury (1763-5); fellow of the Royal Society (1763); close friend of Fielding: 380, 456, 583, 655, 662–4

Harris, Thomas (d. 1820), theatre manager; partner in buying the patent and property of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (1767); manager after Colman’s resignation (1774); acquired the King’s Theatre with R. B. Sheridan (1778); generous to actors, enjoying a good reputation and some personal popularity: 582

Harrison, Elizabeth (fl. 1724–56), writer; author of The Friendly Instructor (1741) and Miscellanies on Moral and Religious Subjects (1756), a work to which S.J. subscribed; remains obscure: 13, 167, 168

Harry, Jane, or Jenny, later Mrs Thresher (fl. 1778): 684, 1054 n. 814

Harte, Dr Walter (1709–74), writer; rector of Gosfield, Essex (1734); prebendary at Windsor (1750); vice-principal of St Mary Hall (1740); tutor to Philip Stanhope, Lord Chesterfield’s illegitimate son; acquaintance and mutual flatterer of Pope; author of the History of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus (1759) and Essays on Husbandry (1764): 94 n. b, 323, 807, 947

Harvey, see Hervey

Harwood, Dr Edward (1729–94), Presbyterian minister and biblical scholar; friend of Joseph Priestley, belonging to the rational wing of dissent in his theological views; pastor at the Presbyterian chapel in Tucker Street, Bristol (1765); regular contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine; prolific writer whose works include an Introduction to New Testament Studies (1767), A View of Various Editions of the Greek and Roman Classics (1775) and A Liberal Translation of the New Testament(2 vols., 1767): 538

Haslerig, or Hesilrige, Sir Arthur (1601–61), soldier, republican politician and parliamentarian; opponent of Cromwell; exempted from the Act of Indemnity in 1660 and died in the Tower while awaiting trial for treason: 322

Hastie (fl. 1772), a Scottish schoolmaster: 357, 368

Hastings, Warren (1732–1818), Governor General of Bengal; writer in the East India Company’s Bengal service (1750–65); developed proposals for a ‘Professorship of the Persian Language’ at the University of Oxford; stationed in Madras (1769–72) before promotion to Governor General (1772–85); commitment to translation and native customs created a hybrid Anglo-Indian law that partly exists today; negotiated peace to close wars with the Maratha states (1783); impeached on return to England, largely due to Burke’s attacks (1787–95); found not guilty; received later public recognition but no further significant employment: 799, 800, 801

Hawkesbury, Lord, see Jenkinson, Charles

Hawkesworth, Dr John (1715? ~73), writer; close friend of S.J. and Charles Burney; translated Fenelon (1768); member of the Ivy Lane Club (1749); editor of The Adventurer ($$); edited the Works of Swift (6 vols., I755)andthe Voyages of Captain Cook (3 vols., 1773); author of Almoran and Hamet: An Oriental Tale (1761), an influence on S.J.’s Rasselas; voted onto the board of the East India Company (1773): 102 n. a, 107, 124, 129, 132, 133, 137, 322, 375, 393, 433 n. b, 523

Hawkins, Humphrey (1667–1741), usher of Lichfield School: 29

Hawkins, Revd William (1722–1801), writer and Church of England clergyman; professor of poetry at Pembroke College, Oxford (1751-6); one of the earliest Bampton lecturers; prodigious writer of sermons; author of the poem The Thimble (1743) and the plays Henry the Second (1749) and the Siege of Aleppo (1758), the latter being the origin of a feud with Garrick: 46, 614 n. a, 664 and n. a

Hawkins, Sir John (1719–89); music scholar and lawyer; became acquainted with S.J. as a contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine; founder member of the Ivy Lane Club (1749) and of the Literary Club (1764); contributed notes to S.J.’s Shakespeare (1765); executor of S.J’s will; edited his Works and The Life of Samuel Johnson (both 1787); member of the Madrigal Society (1748–65); chairman of the Middlesex quarter sessions (1765–81); author of A General History of the Science and Practice of Music (5 vols., 1776): 19 and n. b, 20, 27 n. a, 29, 49 n. a, 74 n. a, 83, 88 andn. a, 94 n. a, 106n. b, 107 and n. a, 108 n. a, 114 and n. a, n6n. a, 128, 129,132andn. b, 157n. a, 167, 181 n. b, 182, 187n. b, 220, 251, 252, 269, 279 n. b, 286, 504, 505 n. a, 530 n. b, 648, 841 n. b, 902–4, 944 n. b, 950 and n. b, 970 and n. c, 973, 985, 988 n. a, 989 and n. a, 992 n. a, 999

Hay, Lord Charles (d. 1760), army officer; MP for Haddingtonshire (1741); captain of the ist foot guards (1743); distinguished himself at the battle of Fontenoy (1745); aide-de-camp to George II (1751); Major-General (1757); subject to a court martial, the result of which was not made public (1760); visited by S.J. for advice on his defence: 523, 774

Hay, Sir George (1715–78), judge and politician; friend of Garrick and Hogarth; MP for Stockbridge (1754); king’s Advocate General (1755-6); signed Admiral Byng’s death warrant (1757); a lord of the Admiralty (1756-7); judge of the prerogative court of Canterbury and chancellor of the diocese of Worcester (1764); judge of the High Court of the Admiralty (1773): 187

Hayes, Revd Samuel (c.1749-c. 1795), usher at Westminster School: 17, 621

Hayman, Francis (1708–76), painter, engraver and book illustrator; close friend of Hogarth; specialized in historical painting, canvases with theatrical subjects, and portraiture; illustrated Richardson’s Pamela (1742) and Hanmer’s Shakespeare (1743-4); involved in the foundation of the Society of Artists, later Becoming its president (1765-8): 143 n. b

Heath, James (1757–1834), engraver; produced plates for Bell’s edition of The Poets of Great Britain (109 vols., 1777–83); associate of the Royal Academy (1791); historical engraver to George III (1794); engraved the portrait of S.J. included in J.B.’s ijyoLife: 1000 n.c

Heberden, Dr William (1710–1801), physician; fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1746); Goulstonian lecturer (1749); member of the Society of Antiquaries (1770); attended S.J. (from 1783); advised George III on his mental derangement (1788); author of Commentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases (published 1802): 429, 888, 889, 890, 907,958, 959,988, 989 n. a

Hector, Edmund (1708–94), surgeon; schoolmate of S.J. at Lichfield; his sister Anne was the subject of S.J.’s first love; lived with S.J. for a period in 1732–3; scribe for S.J.’s Travels in Abyssinia (1735); wrote to J.B. to express gratitude for the pleasure that his Life had afforded him: 26, 28, 30–32, 35 n. a, 36 n. b, 50–51, 54, 55 n. a, 56, 91 and n. a, 95, 507, 508, 510–11, 518, 839, 846, 913, 972–3 and n. a, 974, 989 n. a

Heely, Humphry (1714-c. 1796), husband of the following: 279, 970

Heely, Mrs (Betty Ford) (1712–68), S.J.’s cousin: 279, 970

Henault, Charles Jean Francois (1685–1770), president au parlement de Paris: 465, 482, 489

Henderland, Lord, see Murray, Alexander

Henderson, John (1747–85), actor; a tremendous success at the Theatre Royal in Bath (1772-5); made his London debut as Shylock at the Haymarket Theatre (1777); after two seasons at Drury Lane (1777-9), moved to Covent Garden for six seasons; London career delayed and overshadowed by Garrick: 437 n. a, 897 n. a, 922 n. b

Henderson, John (1757–88), student and eccentric; precocious intellect; conversed for hours with S.J. on visit to Pembroke College, Oxford; habits and learning famous enough to be discussed at length in the Gentleman’s Magazine (1786); massive talent but little or no eventual output: 928

Henn, John (d. 1794), master at Appleby Grammar School: 76 n. a

Henry II, king of England: 135

Henry VIII, king of England: 743

Henry the Navigator, prince of Portugal: 900–901

Henry, Dr Robert (1718–90), Church of Scotland minister and historian; moderator of the general assembly of the Church of Scotland (1774); honorary DD from Edinburgh University (1777); fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783); author of The History of Great Britain (5 vols., 1771–85), a work of expensive printing and publication problems: 704

Hephiestion: 915

Hercules: 26, 400, 654, 678, 717

Herne, Elizabeth (d. 1792), S.J.’s lunatic cousin: 989 n. a

Herodian (c. AD 165-c. 250), Syrian historian who compiled in Greek a history of the Roman emperors after the death of Marcus Aurelius: 976

Herodotus (c. 480-c. 425 bc), the first great historian of antiquity, and the source of much of our knowledge about the early conflicts between Greece and Persia: 833 n.b

Hertford, Frances, Countess of, later Duchess of Somerset (1699–1754): ^^ n. b

Hervey, Hon. and Revd Henry (1701–48), friend of S.J.: 49 n. b, 62 and n. a

Hervey, Hon. Thomas (1699–1775), politician and pamphleteer; MP for Bury St Edmunds (1733–47); S.J. held a likingfor him and encouraged his matrimonial perseverance; superintendent of the royal gardens (1738); equerry to Queen Caroline (1727): 280 and n.b, 281, 444

Hervey, Lady Emily (1735–1814), daughter of Baron Hervey of Ickworth: 759 n. a

Hesiod, early Greek poet ofrusticlife: 38, 743

Hetherington, Revd William (1698–1778), philanthropist: 415

Heydon, John (fl. i66j), writer on astrology and alchemy, and occultist; staunch royalist; author of The Rosie Crucian (1660) and The Harmony of the World (1662); apologist and publicist for Rosicrucian ideas; attacked by Samuel Parker and Robert Boyle; ultimately, flamboyant populist concerned with self-promotion: 989 n. a

Hickes, George (1642–1715), Nonjuror and antiquary; ground-breaking scholar of Anglo-Saxon: 922

Hierocles (fl. 4th century AD), author of Facetice: 11, 86

Hierocles of Alexandria (fl. 5th century ad), neoplatonic philosopher: 976 n. a

Higgins, Dr,? Bryan Higgins (1737?–1820), physician and chemist: 715, 731

Hill, Aaron (1685–1750), dramatist, writer and entrepreneur: 111 n. b

Hinchliffe, Dr John (1731–94), bishop of Peterborough (1769–); tutor to the Duke of Devonshire (1764–6); chaplain-in-ordinary to George III (1768–9); vice-chancellor of Oxford University (1768–9); opposed to university reform; seen as a progenitor of nineteenth-century ‘Liberalism’; dean of Durham (1788); friendof Horace Walpole: 752 n. a

Hinchman, really Hinckesman, Charles (fl. 1784): 989 n. a

Hitch, Charles (d. 1764), London bookseller and partner of L. Hawes: 104

Hoadly, Dr Benjamin (1706–57), physician and dramatist; author of The Suspicious Husband (1747): 288

Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679), philosopher; author of The Elements of Law (1640), Of Libertie and Necessitie (1654) and, most significantly, Leviathan (1651); fierce anti-clericalism has led many to believe he was an atheist; moral rules following ‘the laws of nature’ often construed as proto social-Darwinism; influence on wide range of philosophers including Rousseau, Kant and Spinoza: 989 n. a

Hog, William (fl. 1690), Latin poet; oneofthe most prolific Latin writers of the age; author of a Paraphrasis poetica of Milton’s Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained andSamsonAgonistes(1690);Not ableasone of very few Whig Latin poets, along with Joseph Addison: 127

Hogarth, William (1697–1764), painter and engraver; illustrated Samuel Butler’s Hudibras (1726); celebrity madebypictorial narrativesThe Rake’s Progressand The Harlot’s Progress; portrait painter after the English grand manner, including the Graham children (1742) and David Garrick as Richard III (1745); further tackled comic history painting, biblical subjects, the lower classes and, in The Election (1753–8), modern politics and corruption; author of The Analysis of Beauty (1753); often described as the father of British painting: 31 n. a, 85, 136, 712

Holbrook, Revd Edward (1695–1772), usher at Lichfield Grammar School and vicar of St Mary’s, Lichfield: 29

Holder, Mr (?Robert, d. 1797), apothecary: 840, 845 and n. a, 989 n. a

Holinshed, Raphael (d. 1580?), historian and chronicler: 912 n. a, 989 n. a

Hollis, Thomas (1720–74), ‘the strenuous Whig’, political propagandist; fellow of the Royal Society (1757); rational Dissenter; great benefactor to American colleges, particularly Harvard; reprinted and distributed literature from the seventeenth-century republican canon, including Milton and Locke: 32, 817

Home, DrFrancis (1719–1813), physician; fellow (1751) then president (1775–7) of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh; author of An Inquiry into the Nature, Causeand Cure of the Croup(1765), Experiments on Bleaching(1756); professor of materia medica at Edinburgh University (1768); in many ways the quintessential establishment Scottish Enlightenment physician: 13, 166

Home, Henry, see Kames, Henry Home, Lord

Home, John (1722–1808), Church of Scotland minister and playwright; minister of Athelstaneford (1746); author of the tragedy Douglas(1756), akey text in the Scottish literature of sensibility; private secretary to Bute (1757–63); member of the Poker Club; History of the Rebellion, 1745 published posthumously (1802): 240, 434, 542 n. a, 560, 562, 610 n. a

Home, or Hume, Mrs Margaret, James Thomson’s maternal grandmother: 718

Homer (fl. probably 9th century B c); great Greek epic poet and author of The Iliad and The Odyssey: 34, 44, 59, 210, 328, 401, 422, 506 n. a, 558 n. a, 559, 627 andn. b, 628, 663, 702, 703, 771, 780, 933

Homfrey, see Humphry, Ozias

Hooke, Dr Luke Joseph (1716-^6), Roman Catholic theologian; professor of theology at Paris University (1742–51), then Hebrew and Chaldean (1767); author of Religionis naturalis et revelatae principia (2 vols., 1752); host of S.J. in Paris (1775); chief librarian at the Mazarine Library (1778): 475

Hooker, Richard (1554?–!600), theologian and philosopher; cited more frequently in the first edition of the Dictionary than any other author save Locke; author of Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (1593?); much-celebrated advocate for Anglicanism: 122

Hoole, John (1727–1803), translator; auditor to the East India Company; translated Tasso (1763, 1792), Arioso (1783) and Metastasio (1767); friend of S.J.; member of the Essex Head Club; attended S.J. on his deathbed; author of three, largely unsuccessful, tragedies performed at Covent Garden and the Present State of the English East India Company’s Affairs (1772): 15, 204, 416–17, 441, 538, 709, 802, 811, 812, 867, 901,905, 910,912, 919,962, 989 n. a, 992, 996

Hoole, Revd Samuel (c. 1758–1839), son of the preceding, poet; preacher at St Alban, Wood Street; attended S.J. in his final illness; rector of Poplar Chapel, Middlesex (1803); author of Edward, or, The Curate (1787) and Aurelia, or, The Contest (1783): 989 n. a, 994

Hope, Dr John (1725–86), professor of botany and materia medica, Edinburgh: 908

Hopetoun, John Hope, 2nd Earl of (1704–81): 786 n. b

Horace, Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65-8 bc), much-imitated Augustan poet and satirist, whose Ars Poetica exerted a powerful influence over the critical thinking of European theorists of poetry in the seventeenth century; General: 33, 34, 44, 45, 57, 59, 74,110, 115, 122, 123, 218, 274, 302, 371, 450,454, 502, 525, 557, 558 n. a, 604, 627, 646, 652 n. a, 659, 696, 698, 716, 725, 733, 826 n. a, 882, 916, 917, 969 Quotations and allusions: Ars Poetica 123, 450, 557, 558 n. a; epistles 122, 454, 652 n. a, 659; odes 33, 34, 274, 627; satires 58, 302, 525, 826 n.a

Horne, Dr George (1730–92), bishop of Norwich; president of Magdalen College, Oxford (1768); vice-chancellor of Oxford University (1776–80); monarchist; defender of religious orthodoxy; author of Commentary on the Book of Psalms (1776) and Letters on Infidelity (1784): 411, 413, 502, 577, 1004 n. a

Horne, Revd John, see Tooke, John Horne

Horneck, the Misses Catherine (d. 1798) and Mary (c. 1750–1840), Goldsmith’s friends, ‘Little Comedy’ and ‘The Jessamy Bride’: 219 n. c

Horrebow, Niels (1712–60), Danish traveller and lawyer: 674

Horsley, Dr Samuel (1733–1806), bishop of St Asaph (1802); fellow of the Royal Society (1767), later secretary; member of the Essex Head Club (1783) and part of S.J.’s circle; bishop of St David’s (1788); dean of Winchester and bishop of Rochester (1793); author of A Review of the Case of the Protestant Dissenters (1790); active opponent of slave trade: 903

Horton, Mrs Anne, see Cumberland and Strathearn, Anne, Duchess of

Howard, Charles (1707–71), son of the preceding and a Lichfield lawyer: 48, 644

Howard, Charles (1742–91), son of the preceding and a Lichfield lawyer: 644

Howard, Hon. Edward (fl. 1669), dramatist: 316 n. a

Howard, Sir George (1720?–96), army officer and politician; Colonel of the Buffs (1749); promoted Major-General (1758); promoted Lieutenant General (1760); Governor of Minorca (1766–8);MP for Stamford (1768–96); governorofChel-sea Hospital (1768–95); promoted General (1777); promoted Field Marshal (1793); Privy Councillor (1795); governor of Jersey (1795–6): 462 n. a

Huddesford, DrGeorge (c. 1699–1776), President of Trinity College, Oxford; vice-chancellor: 152 and n. d,153, 173

Huet, Pierre Daniel (1630–1721), bishopof Avranches: 53 n. b, 615

Huggins, William (1696–1761), translator; close friend of Hogarth; translated Orlando Furioso (1755); engaged with Warton after the latter’s disparagement of Ariosto; sometime writer of librettos for oratorios: 203, 766

Hughes, John (1677–1720), writer and librettist; dissenting Whig; secretary to the Commissions of the Peace of the Court of Chancery(1717);Author of panegyrics The Triumph of Peace (1698) and The Court of Nassau (1702) and the tragedy, The Siege of Damascus(1720);translatedLetters of Abelard and Heloise(1713), the basis for Pope’s Eloisa to Abelard (1717); produced the first critical edition of Edmund Spenser’s works (6 vols., 1715); part of the Steele–Addison circle; major libretto was Calypso and Telemachus (1712): 146, 693 n. a, 782 n.a

Hume, David (1711–76), philosopher and historian; author of A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Essays, Moral and Political (1741), An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748, 1756) and The History of Great Britain (1754–61); founder member of the Select Society (1754); joint secretary of the Philosophical Society(1751); disliked and avoided S.J.; helped secure Rousseau’s refuge in England (1765); arguably the most acute thinker in eighteenth-century Britain: 103n.a,112, 232, 234, 244, 265, 290, 299andn.a,314, 315, 385, 432, 501, 585, 605, 625, 653 n. a, 679, 718, 870, 923, 1001 n. a

Hume, Mrs Margaret, see Home, Mrs Margaret

Humphry, Ozias (1742–1810), miniature and portrait painter; member of the Society of Artists (1773); associateofthe Royal Academy (1779); painted Queen Charlotte (1766) and Charlotte, princess royal (1769) by royal commission; large clientele and considerable success in early years but faltered after transition from miniatures to oil painting: 912 and n. a, 1000 n. c

Hunter, Dr William (1718–83), physician, anatomist and man-midwife; elder brother of John Hunter; member of the Company of Surgeons (1747–56); man-midwifeatthe new British Lying-inHospital (1749–59); great friend of Smollett; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1756); attended all of Queen Charlotte’s pregnancies until his death, being a close friend of both the King and Queen; professor of anatomy at the Royal Academy of Art (1768): 884

Hunter, Elizabeth, daughter of the following, see Seward, Mrs Elizabeth

Hunter, Mrs Margaret, Christopher Smart’s sister: 865 n. a

Hunter, Revd John (c. 1674–1741), headmaster of Lichfield Grammar School and S.J.’s schoolmaster: 29, 338

Hurd, DrRichard (1720–1808), Bishop of Worcester (1781–1808);edited Horace (1749, 1751); author of Moral and Political Dialogues (1759), The Uses of Foreign Travel (1764) and Letters on Chivalry and Romance (1762); preacher at Lincoln’s Inn (1765); archdeacon of Gloucester and rector of Dursley (1767); first Warburtonian Lecturer at Cambridge University (1768); Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1774); Supporter of North; declined George III’s offerofArchbish-opric of Canterbury (1783):50and n. a,533, 558n. a, 646, 868, 924, 993 n. a

Husbands, Revd John (1706–32), fellow of Pembroke College: 40

Hussey, Dr Thomas (1741–1803), Roman Catholic bishop of Waterford and Lismore(1796);Ordinary chaplain to the Spanish ambassadorin Lond on(1769); helped to establish the Catholic seminary at Maynooth, becoming its first president (1795): 995

Hussey, Revd John (1751–99), chaplain to the English Factory at Aleppo: 723

Hutcheson, Francis (1694–1746), moral philosopher; author of An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (1725) and A System of Moral Philosophy(pub. 1755); Professor of moral philosophyat the Universityof Glasgow (1729); Seen as contemporary rival and Antithesis to Hume; major influence on the teachingofmoral Philosophy in Scottish and American universities during the eighteenth century: 545

Hutchinson, John (1674–1737), naturalist and theologian; author of Moses principia (1724–7); High Churchman who undermined Arian and Socinian theologians, including the leading Newtonian authors; gained a wide following, Particularly in Oxford and Edinburgh; confused by J.B. with Francis Hutcheson: 545

Hutton, James (1715–95), the Moravian: 995

Hutton, William (1723–1815), historian; Dissenter and member of Joseph Priestley’s circle; author of A History of Birmingham (pub. 1752) and A History of Derby; overseer of the poor (1768); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1782); published poet: 611 n. b

Hyde, Henry Hyde, Lord, of Hindon, see Cornbury, Henry Hyde, Viscount

Ince, Richard (c. 1684–1758), a contributor to The Spectator: 536

Innes, Revd Alexander (c. 1675–1742?), impostor: 192 and n. b

Innys, William (d. 1756), London bookseller: 989 n.a

Irwin, Captain (fl. 1775): 470

Jackson, Harry (d. 1777), S.J.’s schoolfellow: 512, 593, 594

Jackson, Revd William (c. 1701–84), perpetual curate of Barton, North Riding, Yorkshire: 131 n. b

Jackson, Richard (Omniscient Jackson) (d.1787), politician; agent for Connecticut (1760–70), Pennsylvania (1763–70) and Massachusetts (1765–70); secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Grenville administration; close friend of Benjamin Franklin since the early 1750s; intimate friend of Shelburne in later years; lord of the Treasury (1782–3); complimentary on Johnson’s Journey to the Western Islands: 528 and n. a,596

Jackson, Thomas (fl. 1712): 26

James I (1394–1437), king of Scotland: 264

James IV (1473–1513), kingof Scotland: 483

James V (1512–42), king of Scotland: 410

James I (1566–1625), king of England: 353, 729

James II (1633–1701), king of England: 228, 444

‘James, King’, the Old Pretender (1688–1766): 227, 228 n. b

James, Dr Robert (1705–76), physician and inventor of James’s fever powder; fellow pupil of S.J. at Lichfield Grammar and lifelong friend; full licentiate of the College of Physicians (1745); author of A Medicinal Dictionary, with a History of Drugs (1743) and A Treatise on the Gout and Rheumatism (1745); death of Goldsmith, after using James’s powders, discredited him greatly: 11, 48,91 n. a, 92 andn. a, 521, 530 andn. c, 960

Janus Vitalis, see Vitalis, Janus

Japix, Gijsbert (1603-66), Frisian poet: 251

Jenkinson, Charles, 1st Baron Hawkesbury and 1st Earl of Liverpool (1729?-1808), politician; father of Robert Banks Jenkinson, future prime minister; under-secretary to Lord Bute (1761); secretary to the Treasury (1763 –5); lord of the Admiralty (1766-7); board of the Treasury (1767); Privy Councillor (1773); Secretary at War (1778–81); honorary member of the Board of Trade (1784), then its first president (1786–1804); chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1786–1803); Earl of Liverpool (1796): 601

Jennings, Henry Constantine (1731–1819), virtuoso: 648

Jennings-Clerke, Sir Philip (c.i722–88), MP: 809

Jenyns, Soame (1704–87), author and politician; author of A Free Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Evil (1757), ridiculed by S.J., and A View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion (1776); critical ‘Epitaph on Johnson’ surreptitiously given to the Gentleman’s Magazine (1783); Whig MP for Cambridgeshire (1741, 1747–53): 169–70 andn. a, 543, 674, 679, 680

Jephson, Robert (1736–1803), playwright; friend of Garrick; performed the title role of Macbeth at the Phoenix Park Theatre (1777); author of the plays Braganza (Drury Lane, 1775), The Law of Lombardy (Drury Lane, 1779) and The Count of Narbonne (Covent Garden, 1781), an adaptation of Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto: 142 n. b

Jersey, William Villiers, 3rd Earl of (d. 1769), and Anne, his countess (d. 1762): 22, 1020 n. 18

John (1167–1216), king of England: 135

Johnson (fl. 1763), the horse-rider: 212, 648

Johnson, Benjamin Fisher (1740–1809), S.J.’s second cousin: 989 n. a

Johnson, Elizabeth (1689–1752), S.J.’s wife: 12, 56–8, 108, 117, 130, 131, 132, 256, 261, 301, 542, 713, 984,989 n. a

Johnson, Michael (1656–1731), S.J.’s father: 24, 27,29, 32, 38, 39,43 n. a, 47, 48, 53, 237, 285, 301, 435, 971 andn. a, 989 n. a

Johnson, Nathaniel (1712–37), S.J.’s younger brother: 24, 38, 53

Johnson, Revd ‘Samuel’, really John (d. 1747), keeper of Archbishop Tenison’s library: 79

Johnson, Sarah (1669–1759), S.J.’s mother: 24, 26, 27, 28,30, 42,48, 65, 93,118, 131, 157, 181, 182, 267, 285, 325, 815

Johnson, Thomas (1703–79), S.J.’s cousin, son of Andrew Johnson: 989 n. a

Johnson, Thomas (i738-?i82o), S.J.’s second cousin, grandson of Andrew Johnson: 989 n. a

Johnston, Arthur (1587–1641), poet; professor of logic and metaphysics (1604) then physic (1610) at the college at Sedan, France; burgess of Aberdeen (1622); rector of King’s College, Aberdeen (1637); author of Parerga and Epigrammata (1632), editor of Delitiae poetarum Scotorum (1637); decreed by S.J. to hold ‘among the Latin poets of Scotland the next place to the elegant Buchanan’ (A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland): 242, 575, 909

Johnston, William (fl. 1748–74), London bookseller: 182

Johnstone, Sir James (1726–94), MP: 919

Jones, Mary (fl. 1740–61), poetess: 173 and n. d

Jones, Revd Oliver (misread River by J.B.) (c. 1706–75), chanter of Christ Church Cathedral and brother of Mary Jones: 173 n. d

Jones, RevdPhilip (c.i709–64): 502

Jones, Sir William (1746–94), orientalist and judge; radical Whig; fellow of University College, Oxford (1766); author of a Grammar of the Persian Language (1771), Poems, Consisting Chiefly of Translations from the Asiatick Languages (1772); fellow of the Royal Society (1772); commissioner of bankrupts (1775); bench of Supreme Court in Calcutta (1783); founder of the Asiatick Society of Bengal (1784); conjectures marked the beginning of Indo-European comparative grammar and modern comparative-historical linguistics; translated Kalidasa’s Sacontala (1789); member of S.J.’s Literary Club: 124, 252, 326 n. a, 387, 596, 731, 802 n. a

Jonson, Ben (1573?–1637), poet and playwright; architect of Stuart court masques; pioneer of the ‘comedy of humours’; author of Every Man inHis Humour (1598), Volpone (1606?) and The Alchemist (1610); publication of 1616 folio secured his position as England’s then greatest living poet; held as Shakespeare’s equal, or even superior, for most of the seventeenth century: 536, 904

Jopp, James (1721–94), provost of Aberdeen: 418

Jorden, Revd William (d. 1739), college teacher; fellow and later bursar, chaplain and vice-regent of Pembroke College, Oxford; S.J.’s tutor; S.J.’s first published poem, a Latin version of Pope’s Messiah, written as a Christmas vacation exercise for him; rector of Standon, Staffordshire (1729–33): 39, 47, 147

Jortin, Dr John (1698–1770), ecclesiastical historian and literary critic; preacher at the chapel of ease in Oxdenden Street (1747–60); rector of St Dunstan-in-the-East (1751); archdeacon of London (1764); author of Remarks onEcclesi-astical History (1751) and Life of Erasmus (2 vols., 1758–60); contributed to Donaldson’s Miscellanea Virgiliana (1825); became embroiled in a controversy with Richard Hurd: 657, 854

Joseph, J.B.’s servant, see Ritter, Joseph

Julien, or St Julien (fl. 1775), treasurer of the Clergy: 471

Julius Caesar, Gaius (102–44 BC); Roman statesman and military commander; author of Commentaries on the Gallic War and the Civil War which followed his illegal return to Italy under arms in 49 BC, and from which he emerged triumphant; assassinated by pro-Republican zealots including Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius; political, legal and constitutional reformer: 24, 615

‘Junius’, pseudonymous author of Letters published 1769–71: 331, 348, 727, 932–3

Junius, Francis (1589–1677), philologist and writer on art; librarian to Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel; author of art theory, De pictura veterum (1637); produced a comprehensive Latin-Old English glossary, a new Chaucer glossary and various glossaries of Old Germanic languages; surviving collection has proved invaluable to Germanic scholars: 106

Justin (fl. 2nd or 3rd century ad); author of a Latin abridgement of the universal history of Pompeius Trogus: 58

Kames, Henry Home, Lord (1696–1782), judge and writer; advocate-depute (1737); ordinary lord of session, taking the title Lord Kames (1752); author of Essays upon Several Subjects Concerning British Antiquities (1747) and Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion (1751); a founder of the Select Society (1754); director of the British Linen Company (1754-6); vice-president of the Philosophical Society (1755); friend of mentor of figures such as Hume, J.B. and Benjamin Franklin; commissioner of justiciary (1763); industrial and agricultural improver: 85, 290, 365 n. a, 367, 589, 657, 707, 714

Kearney, Dr Michael (1733–1814), scholar; professor of modern history (1769–78), regius professor of law (1776-8) and Archbishop King’s lecturer (1774, 1777) at Trinity College, Dublin; contributed some notes to Malone’s edition of J.B.’s Life; author of Lectures Concerning History (1776): 257

Kearsley, or Kearsly, George (d. 1790), London bookseller; original publisher of Wilkes’s North Britain (1762-3), arrested and sent to the Tower for issuing notorious no.45; bankrupted by legal expenses; later produced the collection The Beauties of Johnson (1781), the indiscriminate selection of which angered the author: 120 n. a, 803 n. a, 1000n. c

Keene (fi. 1775): 475

Keith, Dr Robert (1681–1757), Scottish Episcopal bishop and historian; minister to the Episcopal congregation in Barrenger’s Close, Edinburgh (1713–57); bishop of Fife (1733); author of History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland (1734) and A Large Catalogue of Bishops (1755); the most distinguished scholar among the Scottish Nonjurors: 13, 166

Keith, Viscountess, see Thrale, Hester Maria

Kelly, Hugh (1739–77), writer and attorney; author of a novel, Memoirs of a Magdalen (2 vols., 1767), a couplet poem, Thespis (1766-7), and several plays including False Delicacy (1768) and The School for Wives (1774), performed by Garrick at Drury Lane: 581, 584,993

Kemble, John Philip (1757–1823), actor; worked at Drury Lane under Sheridan (from 1783); acting manager of Drury Lane (from 1788); achieved early critical success in this role with Henry VIII and Coriolanus; defected to buy a one-sixth share in Covent Garden (1802); posthumous reputation has suffered for falling between Garrick and Kean: 896–7

Kempis, Thomas a (1380–1471), probable author of De Imitatione Christi: 646, 774, 917

Ken, or Kenn, Dr Thomas (1637–1711), bishop of Bath and Wells (1685-8) and Nonjuror; rector of Little Easton, Essex (1663-5); comptroller of the royal household and Privy Councillor (1672); rector of Brighstone on the Isle of Wight (1667-9); rector of East Woodhay (1669); king’s chaplain (1680); acquaintance of Pepys; suffered deprivation after the Glorious Revolution (1688); refused to take oaths to monarchs after 1688; author of Manual of Prayers for the Use of Winchester Scholars (1674) and Practice of Divine Love (1685): 614 n. a, 922n. b

Kennedy, Dr (fl. 1778), ‘not the Lisbon physician’, but probably Dr John Kennedy (below): 652–3

Kennedy, Dr John (1698–1782), Church of England clergyman and chronologist; rector of Bradley, Derbyshire; author of A New Method of Stating and Explaining the Scriptural Chronology (1751) and A Complete System of Astronomical Chronology, Unfolding the Scriptures (1762), which contains a dedication to George III written by S.J.: 15, 195

Kennicott, Dr Benjamin (1718–83), biblical scholar; chaplain to Bishop Robert Lowth of Oxford (1766); Radcliffe librarian at Oxford (1767–83); collator of Hebrew manuscripts of the Old Testament; compiled Vetus Testamentum Heb-raicum cum variis lectionibus (1776, 1780); enjoyed an international reputation transcending denominations: 327

Kennicott, Mrs Ann (d. 1830), wife of Benjamin Kennicott; very friendly with Mrs Garrick, Fanny Burney and Hannah More; founder of two scholarships at Oxford for the promotion of Hebrew studies: 921–3, 932

Kenrick, Dr William (1725? –79), writer and translator; author of The Whole Duty of Woman (1753); replaced Goldsmith as chief reviewer for the Monthly Review; translated Rousseau (1761-7) and Voltaire (1764); sought to engage S.J. in a controversy over his Dictionary, publishing his own New Dictionary of the English Language (1773); published Love in the Suds (1772), accusing Garrick of a homosexual relationship with Isaac Bickerstaff; professional writer who sullied his reputation with frequent and unjustified attacks on more famous contemporaries: 260–61, 286, 294, 662

Kettell, Dr Ralph (1563–1643), president of Trinity College, Oxford: 158 n. b

Kettlewell, John (1653–95), Nonjuring Church of England clergyman and theological writer; chaplain to the Countess of Bedford; vicar of Coleshill, Warwickshire (1682); remained fiercely loyal to James II after 1688; author of A Companion for the Penitent, and Persons Troubled in Mind (1694) and Of Christian Communion (1693): 922 n. b

Keysler, Johann Georg (1683–1743), German traveller: 447

Killaloe, bishop of, see Barnard, Dr Thomas

Killingley, Mrs (fl. 1777), landlady of the Green Man, Ashbourne: 635

Kilmarnock, William Boyd, 4th Earl of (1705–46), Jacobite general: 103

Kimchi, Rabbi David (d. 1240): 24

King, Dr William (1650–1729), Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin (1703–29); bishop of Derry (1691–1703); author of The State of the Protestants of Ireland under the Late King James’s Government (1691) and De origine male (1702); Lord Justice (1714–15, 1717, 1717–19); member of the Dublin Philosophical Society; the single most important Irish Protestant churchman of his era: 740 n. a

King, Dr William (1685–1763), college head and Jacobite sympathizer; principal of St Mary Hall, Oxford (1719–65); correspondent of Swift; brought S.J. his MA diploma (1755); regular contributor to the opposition paper Common Sense; author ofMiltonis epistola adPollionem (1738), dedicated to Pope: 152 and n. b, 154 n. a, 186

King, Dr (?William, 1701–69), Dissenting minister in London: 679