The Life of Samuel Johnson

Sacheverell, Dr Henry (1674?-! 724), Church of England clergyman and religious controversialist; senior dean of arts (1708) and bursar (1709) at Magdalen College, Oxford; impeached for inflammatory sermons offending the Whigs (171 o); banned for preaching for three years before the ascendancy of the Whig party and the accession of George I ended hopes of preferment, as a High Churchman: 26

St Albyn, Revd Lancelot (c. 1722–91), rector of Parracombe and vicar of Wemble-don, Somerset: 848

St Asaph, bishops of, see Horsley, Dr Samuel; Shipley, Dr Jonathan

St David’s, bishops of, see Horsley, Dr Samuel; Stuart, Hon. and Revd William

St Helens, Baron, see Fitzherbert, Alleyne

Salisbury, bishops of, see Burnet, Gilbert; Douglas, Dr John

Sallust, Gaius Sallustius Crispus (86–35 BC), wealthy Roman politician and historian, author of histories of the conspiracy of Catiline and the Jugurthine War in North Africa; ‘the great master of nature’: 23, 59, 302, 871, 976 n. a

Salusbury, Hester Lynch: 259; see also Thrale, Mrs

Salusbury, Hester Maria (1709–73), Mrs Thrale’s mother: 401, 705

Sanadon, Noel Etienne (1676–1733), French scholar: 558 n. a

Sanderson, Dr Robert (1587–1663), bishop of Lincoln (1660–63); doctrinal Calvinist; rector of Boothby Pagnell (1619–60); King’s chaplain (1631); regius professor of divinity at Oxford (1646-8): 122, 989 n. a

Sanderson, or Saunderson, Nicholas (1682–1739), mathematician: 361

Sands, Murray and Cochran, printers of Edinburgh: 117 n. a

Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of (1718–92), politician and musical patron; first lord of the Admiralty (1748–51, 1763–5, 1771–82); friend of Garrick; Secretary of State (1771); engaged in major project to reform the dockyards; leadingpromoter of the great Handel commemoration (1784); partly responsible for the naval disasters of the 1770s: 730 andn. 900

Sandys, Colonel Edwin (i6i3?-42), son of the below: 475

Sandys, George (1578–1644), writer and traveller; treasurer of Virginia (1621); translator of Ovid’s Metamorphoses (1626); praised by Pope as ‘one of the chief refiners of our language’; gentleman of the Privy Chamber of Charles I; involved in attempts to later revive the Virginia Company (1631, 1640): 936

Sandys, Sir Edwin (1561–1629), politician and colonial entrepreneur; author of A Relation of the State of Religion (1605); knighted and appointed to the Queen’s council (1603); leader of the Commons; treasurer of the Virginia Company (1619); a director of the East India Company: 122

Sansterre, or Santerre, Antoine Joseph (1752–1809), French brewer and Revolutionary general: 474

Sarpi, Father Paul (1552–1623), Italian patriot, scholar, and state theologian during Venice’s struggle with Pope Paul V; author of the History of the Council of Trent, an important work decrying papal absolutism; an early advocate of the separation of Church and State: 10, 62, 78 andn. a, 79, 80, 81

Sastres, Francesco (fl. 1776–1822), Italian teacher and translator: 530, 989 n. a

Sault, Richard (d. 1702), mathematician and editor: 873 and n. b

Savage, Richard (d. 1743), poet and playwright; illegitimate son of Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers; S.J. his biographer (1744, published anonymously); author of the confessional poem The Bastard(1728) and the anti-clerical satire The Progress of a Divine (1735); source of literary gossip for The Dunciad Variorum (1729); bosom companion of S.J. from 1738: n, 12, 74 n. a, 90 andn. a, 93–100, 94 n. a and n. b, 97 n. b, 98 n. c, 99 n. a and n. b, 112, 134, 582, 583 n. b, 791, 922, 934 n. a, 986

Savile, Sir George (1726–84), 8th Baronet, politician: 755

Scaliger, Joseph Justus (1540–1609), the younger; Dutch philologist and historian whose works on chronology were among the greatest contributions of Renaissance scholars to revisions in historical and classical studies: 309, 502

Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558), the elder; French classical scholar of Italian descent who worked in botany, zoology, grammar and literary criticism: 40, 109 n. b, 309

Scarsdale, Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Baron (1726–1804); art collector and creator of Kedleston, Derbyshire: 609–10

Schotanus, Christianus (1603–71), Frisian scholar and historian: 250

‘Sciolus’, pseudonym of a contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine: 708 n. a, 770 n. a

Scott, Archibald, a ghost author created from the signature A. R. Scotus, i.e. Allan Ramsay: 69 n. a

Scott, Dr, afterwards Sir William Scott and Baron Stowell (1745–1836), judge and politician; Advocate General to the Admiralty (1782); King’s Advocate-General (1788); MP for Oxford University (1801–21); judge of the High Court of Admiralty and Privy Councillor (1798); member of the Literary Club from 1778: 665–8, 690, 814, 868, 953, 989 n. a, 1000 n. c

Scott, George Lewis (1708–80), mathematician; considered a Jacobite; member of the Society for Encouragement of Learning (1736); sub-preceptor to Prince George and his younger brothers (1750); commissioner of Excise in London (1758); consulted by Gibbon: 584

Scott, John (1730–83), of Amwell, Quaker poet: 443, 450

Secker, DrThomas (1693–1768), Archbishop of Canterbury (1758); royal chaplain (1732); rector of St James’s, Piccadilly (1733–50); bishop of Bristol (1735); bishop of Oxford (1737); dean of St Paul’s (1750); championed the need for an American bishopric in spite of hostile opposition; energetic and industrious, an administrative workhorse: 24, 778

Segned, emperor of Abyssinia: 52

Selden, John (1584–1654), lawyer and historical and linguistic scholar; author of The Historie of Tithes (1618) and, after turning to Judaic studies, De jure naturali et gentium, juxta disciplinam Ebrorum (1640); legal consultant for Francis Bacon; member of the Long Parliament during the 1640s; keeper of the records in the Tower (1643); one of the twelve commissioners for the Admiralty (1644): 344, 775 n. a

Settle, Elkanah (1648–1724), playwright; author of The Empress of Morocco (c. 1672–3); political propagandist on behalf of the Whig exclusionists before defecting to the Tories in 1682; rival of Dryden, the latter unhappy at the younger playwright’s position at the court; satirized by Dryden (in Absalom and Achitophel) andPope (in TheDunciad): 36, 560

Sevigne, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de (1626–96), French letter-writer: 545

Seward, Anna (1742–1809), poet and correspondent; ‘the swan of Lichfield’; vexed relationship with S.J., centring on his apparent depreciation of their native Lichfield; feuded publicly with J.B. after the publication of his Life, claiming it to be blind idolatry; close friend of Erasmus Darwin; poems posthumously edited by Sir Walter Scott (3 vols., 1810): 27 n. b, 55 n. a, 514, 654 n. a, 677, 678, 680, 681, 683, 684, 934,946, 972

Seward, Mrs Elizabeth (1712–90), wife of the below: 514

Seward, Revd Thomas (1708–90), Church of England clergyman; father of Anna Seward; printed poems in Dodsley’s 1748 collection; joint editor of an edition of the works of Beaumont and Fletcher (10 vols., 1750); prominent member of the Lichfield community: 48 n. a, 514, 517, 604, 746

Seward, William (1747–99), anecdotist; great family friend of the Thrales; intimate friend of S.J.; member of the Essex Head Club (1784); compiled the Anecdotes of SomeDistinguishedPersons (5 vols., 1795–7); elected FRS (1779) and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1779): 81, 196, 300, 427, 587 and n. a, 589, 612, 613, 618 n. b, 628, 715, 786, 842, 864, 867, 872, 882–3, 1002 n. a

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, 4th Earl of (i7ii-7i): 15, 245

Shakespeare, William (1564–1616), playwright, man of the theatre and poet; now established as the pre-eminent English author, a transformation in which S.J. (who edited Shakespeare’s works) and S.J.’s close friend David Garrick played an important part; General: blind admiration for in England 260; character of Catherine of Aragon 896; compared with Congreve 304–5, 309; compared with Corneille and the Greek dramatists 771; his fame 665; a fault, never six lines without 309; the ghost of Old Hamlet 44, 771; Henry V, description of Agincourt eve 305; Jephson, rivalled by 306; Johnson read very early in life 44; Johnson’s opinion of him 776; jubilee at Stratford (1769) 297; knowledge of Latin 772; and Lichfield 513; Macbeth, the worse for being acted 307; – never read through by Mrs Pritchard 448; – description of night 306; Milton, compared with 804; mulberry tree 516; – poem on 60; name omitted in an essay on the English poets 82; night, descriptions of 305, 306; Othello, dialogue between Cassio and Iago 540; – more moral than any other play 539; ‘Shakespearian ribbands’ 297; Timon of Athens’s admirable scolding 777; Editions, chronological: Theobald’s edition (1733) 177; Hanmer’s edition (1743-4) 12, 100;, 101; Warburton’s edition (1747) 143, 177; Capell’s edition (1768) 765; Johnson-Steevens edition (1773) 319–20, 369; Malone’s edition (1790) 6, 843; Johnson’s edition (1765), chronological: proposals and specimen (1745) 12, 100; proposals (1756), 172, 174, 176; subscribers 174, 176, 179, 261; – list lost and money spent 824; progress 171–7, 197–98; published 15, 260; went through several editions 369; attacked by Kenrick 260–61; criticized in the newspapers 269; appendix of notes 180; notes by the Wartons 179, 319–20; notes on two passages in Hamlet 546; preface to 260; – Garrick not mentioned in 307; – reflected on him in 362; Quotations and allusions: As You Like It 662 (III.ii.205), 951 (I.ii.i 13); Coriolanus 662 (III.ii.256-7); Hamlet 69 (III.iv.62), 345 (III.ii.39–40), 417 (III.ii.358), 422 (III.i.8o), 465 (III.ii.66), 546 (III.i.58–90 and V.ii.44), 614 (III.i.68), 620(I.iii.41), 643 (I.ii.i 84), 713 (I.ii.133), 804 n. a (III.iv.54–61), 948 (I.ii.i84); iHenryIVi36 (V.iv.i 56–7), 938 (II.v.452); 2 Henry IV 863 (I.ii.io); Henry VIII 17 (IV.ii.69–72), 169 (III.ii.359), 803 n. a (IV.ii.50–51, 67–68); King Lear 658 (III.iv.135), 729 (II.iv.i23ff.); Love’s Labour’s Lost 816–17 (II.i.66–76); Macbeth 162 (II.iii.102), 307 (V.v.23–24), 435 (II.ii.12–13), 988 (V.iii.42-7); Much Ado About Nothing 679 (III.v.33); Othello 481 (II.i.162), 712 (III.iii.347-8); Richard II 75 (I.iii.309), 423 (I.iii.309), 869 (I.iii.309); Romeo and Juliet 304 (II.i.156), 339 (V.i.40); The Tempest 514 (IV.i.153), 765 (I.ii.358–60), 776(IV.i.io-n); Two Gentlemen of Verona 316 (III.i.ioi)

Sharp, Dr John (d. 1792), archdeacon of Northumberland: 256

Sharp, Samuel (1700?–78), surgeon; author of A Treatise on the Operations of Surgery(1739), thefirst monographinEnglishonthe subject; fellowof the Royal Society (1749); surgeon at Guy’s Hospital (1733–57); published his tour memoirs as Letters from Italy (1766), admired by S.J.; acquaintance of Voltaire; implemented numerous improvements in surgical technique and equipment: 191, 546

Sharpe, Dr Gregory (1713–71), Church of England clergyman and author; vicar of All Saints, Birling, near Maidstone (1743–56); vicar of Purton, Wilts. (1761); chaplain to George III (1762–71); author of the Rise and Fall of the Holy City and Temple of Jerusalem (1765) and the Origin and Structure of the Greek Tongue (1767); translated Aristophanes for Charlotte Lennox’s edition of Greek theatre; fellow and the director of the Society of Antiquaries when he died: 328

Shaw, Cuthbert (1739–71), poet; performed as an actor in Samuel Foote’s The Minor (Haymarket, 1760); author of The Race (1765), asatire in the spirit of the Scriblerians, and A Monody to the Memory of a Young Lady (1768); editor of the Middlesex Journal and dabbler in opposition politics: 280 and n. a

Shaw, DrThomas (1694–1751), African traveller: 825

Shaw, Revd William (1749–1831), Gaelic grammarian and lexicographer; S.J. his friend and mentor; author of An Analysis of the Gaelic Language (1778) and A Galic and English Dictionary (2 vols., 1780); joined S.J. in his scepticism of the authenticity of Macpherson’s ‘Ossianic’ poems in An Enquiry into the Authenticity of the Poems Ascribed to Ossian (1781): 16, 576, 577, 639, 901

Shebbeare, Dr John (1709–88), physician and political writer; Tory; author of the novels The Marriage Act (1754) and Lydia (1755); seditious satirist criticizing the Hanoverian succession in a series of ‘letters’, beginning with Letters on the English Nation (1755); feuded with Ralph Griffiths and Smollett; presented a pension by George III; made few friends and many enemies for his uncompromising, vitriolic style: 825, 881

Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl of, afterwards 1st Marquis of Lansdowne (1737–1805), prime minister (1782); Pittite; aide-de-camp to George III (1760); first lord at the Board of Trade (1763); Secretary of State for the South (1766–8, 1782); subsequently joined Rockingham and Grenville in opposition; knight of the Garter (1782); first lord of the Treasury (1782); career effectively over at forty-five after tendering his resignation from the Treasury: 666, 861, 869, 919 n. a

Shenstone, William (1714–63), writer; alumnus of Pembroke College, Oxford; author of The School-Mistress (1742); friend of the poets James Thomson and Richard Graves; contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine; poems took on an increasingly reclusive and melancholic tone; admired by S.J., Hazlitt and Burns: 46, 505 and nn.b andc, 886

Sheridan, Charles Francis (1750–1806), author and politician; brother of R. B. Sheridan; established a reputation with his History of the Late Revolution in Sweden (1778); Irish MP (1776–90) on the favour of Sir Robert Tilson Deane; under-secretary in the military department of the Chief Secretary’s office in Dublin (1782); much paler shadow of his younger brother: 677

Sheridan, Frances (1724–66), novelist and playwright; mother of Charles and R. B. Sheridan; wife of Thomas Sheridan; admired by S.J. and J.B.; author of the sentimental novel Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph (1761) and the comedy The Discovery, staged by Garrick at Drury Lane (1763): 191 and n. c, 206–7

Sheridan, Mrs R. B., see Linley, Elizabeth Ann

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley (1751–1816), playwright and politician; author of the plays The Rivals (1775), The School for Scandal (1778) and The Critic (1779); mocked sentimental comedy; manager of Drury Lane (1776); member of the Literary Club (1777); under-secretary to Fox in the Northern Department (1782); opposed the Act of Union (1799); receiver-general of the Duchy of Cornwall (1804); treasurer of the navy (1806); Privy Councillor (1806); comedies have remained consistently popular and admired: 191, 252, 398, 582, 583

Sheridan, Thomas (1719–88), actor and orthoepist; edgy friendship with Garrick; united the Aungier Street and Smock Alley theatres in Dublin, taking over their united management (1745–54); successful actor in Dublin and London, acting at Drury Lane and Covent Garden; edited Swift and provided a biography of the author, his godfather (1784); increasingly tense relationship with his son, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, over personal relations and his management of Drury Lane: 199, 200, 205–6, 209 and n. a, 238, 305, 328, 345, 346, 398, 433 n. b, 434, 520, 583, 697, 727, 797, 814, 858, 877, 882, 885, 938,945

Sherlock, Dr William (1641?-!707), dean of St Paul’s: 657, 929 n. a, 936

Sherwin, John Keyse (i75i?-9o), designer and engraver; won the gold medal of the Royal Society for a historical picture (1772); historical engraver to the King (1785); talented but vain: 580

Shiels, Robert (d. 1753), compiler; Jacobite; one of the six amanuenses on S.J.’s Dictionary; principal compiler of Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Time of Dean Swift (5 vols., 1753); wrote several poems after the manner of James Thomson: 106–7, 133, 534 and n. a, 538, 583–4

Shipley, Dr Jonathan (1714–88), bishop of St Asaph (1770); Whig; latitudinarian; dean of Winchester and rector of Chilbolton, Hampshire (1760); bishop of Llandaff (1769); held in high favour by Rockingham and Shelburne; friend of S.J., Burke and Reynolds; member of the Literary Club: 252, 659, 898

Shuckford, Dr Samuel (d. 1754), prebendary of Canterbury: 936

Siam, king of; embassies from and to Lewis XIV: 705

Sibbald, Sir Robert (1641–1722), Scottish physician and antiquary: 646–7

Siddons, Mrs Sarah (1755–1831), actress; sister of John Philip Kemble; established her fame and popularity at Bath (1778–82) before moving to Sheridan’s Drury Lane; a cultural icon by the mid-1780s; the definitive Lady Macbeth; collaborated with James Boaden to produce Memoirs of Mrs Siddons (1827); the most famous actress of her era: 896

Sidney, or Sydney, Algernon (1622–83), political writer; defender of the regicide; servant of Cromwell; author of Court Maxims (1665-6) and Discourses Concerning Government (1681-3); executed for his treasonable association with Monmouth: 372

Sidney, Sir Philip (1554–86), author and courtier; diplomat charged with negotiating a Protestant league; author of the sonnet sequence Astrophil and Stella, the critical Defence of Poetry and the epic romance Arcadia; died prematurely after a wound sustained in battle: 593

Simco, John (fl. 1786): 1000 n.c

Simpson, Charles (1732–96), town clerk of Lichfield: 971 n. a

Simpson, Joseph (1721-c. 1773), Lichfield friend of S.J.: 185–6, 256, 533

Simpson, Revd Mr (fl. 1766–78), of Lincoln: 268, 717

Simpson, Stephen (1700?-74), father of the above: 48

Simpson, Thomas (1710–61), mathematician; contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine (1736-8); author of the Doctrine and Application of Fluxions (1750) and Mathematical Dissertations (1743); prolific writer; assistant to the chief master of mathematics at the newly formed Royal Military Academy at Woolwich (1743–61): 187 n. b

Sinclair, Sir John (1754–1835), ist Baronet; agricultural improver, politician and codifier of ‘useful knowledge’; compiled the Statistical Account of Scotland (21 vols.); launched the British Wool Society (1791) and helped to establish the Board of Agriculture, becoming its president (until 1798); proposed a scheme to codify useful knowledge under the five heads of agriculture, health, political economy, finance and religion, publishing the Code of Health (4 vols., 1807) and the Code of Agriculture (1817): 840

‘Sixteen-string Jack’, see Rann, John

Skene, Sir John (1543?-1617), Lord Curriehill; clerk register and compiler of Regiam Majestatem: 747 n. a

Skinner, Stephen (1623–67), physician and philologist; treatises published posthumously as Etymologicon Linguce Anglicanae (1671); influence on S.J. acknowledged in his preface to the Dictionary: 106

Slater, Philip (fl. 1776), the druggist: 555

Smalbroke, Dr Richard (c. 1716–1805), chancellor of the diocese of Lichfield: 78

Smalridge, Dr George (1663–1719), bishop of Bristol (1714); Tory preacher; chaplain-in-ordinary to Queen Anne (1710); dean of Carlisle (1711); referred to by Swift as ‘the famous Dr Smalridge’; helped secure early appointments of Atterbury but friendship later cooled: 657

Smart, Christopher (1722–71), poet; editor and principal writer of The Midwife (1750–53); most commended for the poems A Song to David, the Hymns and Spiritual Songs for the Fasts and Festivals of the Church of England and Jubilate agno, all written while in a private madhouse at Bethnal Green (1757–63); translated Horace (4 vols., 1767); poet of substantial achievement as well as revolutionary vision: 165, 211, 446, 865 n. a, 870

Smart, Mrs (d. 1809), wife of the above: 962 n. a

Smith, Adam (1723–90), moral philosopher and political economist; close intellectual alliance and friendship with Hume; pivotal figure in the Scottish Enlightenment; professor of logic at Glasgow University (1751–64); author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776); rector of Glasgow University (1787); commissioner of Customs in Edinburgh (1778): 44, 226, 252, 495, 525 n. a, 585, 702–3, 775 andn. b, 867, 983 n. b

Smith, Captain (fl. 1778), General Hall’s aide-de-camp at Warley Camp: 719

Smith, Edmund (1672–1710), poet and playwright; ode on the death of Edward Pococke and elegy on John Philips both greatly admired by S.J.; best known for the tragedy Phaedra and Hippolitus (1707); associated with Addison and his Whig circle; reverenced by S.J. in his Life as a poet who attained high reputation without much labour purely through the possession of ‘uncommon abilities’: 48, 668

Smith, Henry (1756?–89): 810 and n. 1020

Smith, John (1657–1726), Lord Chief Baronof Exchequer: 850 n. a

Smith, Mr (fl. 1770), of Bishop’s Stortford: 320

Smith, Revd Lawrence (c. 1716–1800), vicar of Southill, Beds.: 833, 945

‘Smith, S.’, name assumed by S.J.in 1734: 54

Smollett, Tobias (1721–71), writer; medical practitioner; reputation established through three major novels –Roderick Random (1748), Peregrine Pickle(1751) and Humphry Clinker (1771) – employing picaresque and epistolary modes; author of the Complete History of England (4 vols., 1758); editor of The Briton and the Critical Review (until 1763); considerable influence on Dickens; friend and colleague of Goldsmith; edited the Works of Voltaire (1761–5): 536, 651

Socrates (469–399bc), ancient Greek philosopher; judicially Murdered on charges of religious innovation and the corruption of Athenian youth: 121–2, 206 n. b, 275, 603 n. a, 667, 786, 808

Sodor and Man, bishop of, seeRichmond, DrRichard

Solander, Dr Daniel Charles (1736?–82), botanist; secretary and librarian to Sir Joseph Banks; fellow of the Royal Society (1764); keeper of the natural history collections in the British Museum (1773); responsible for much of the scientific Content of the first editionof theHortus Kewensis; catalogued the natural history specimens in the British Museum (1763): 336, 339

Somers, John Somers, Baron (1651–1716), lawyer and politician; Solicitor-General (1689); recorder of Gloucester (1689); Attorney General (1692); Lord Keeper of the Great Seal (1693); Privy Councillor (1693); Lord Chancellor (1697); president of the Royal Society (1698–1703); member of the Kit-Cat Club; patron of the arts, receiving dedications from Swift and Addison; Lord President of the Council (1708): 433 n. b

Somerset, or Sommerset, James (fl. 1772), slave; left the service of his master in England, after arriving from Virginia, and refused to return; case brought into focus the collision of colonial and domestic laws regarding slavery; verdict by Lord Mansfield had the effect of questioning the legality of slavery: 638

Somerville, James Somerville, 12th Baron (1698–1765): 790 and n. a

South, Dr Robert (1634–1716), Church of England clergyman and theologian; chaplain to James, Duke of York, brother of Charles II (1667); canon of Christ Church (1670); rector of Islip in Oxfordshire (1678); hopes for a bishopric dashed by the Glorious Revolution: 313, 657

Southwell, Edward (fl. 1761): 194

Southwell, ThomasSouthwell,2ndBaron (d. 1766): S.J.’s friendin1752: 133, 728, 861

Spence, Joseph (1699–1768); anecdotist and friend of Pope: 245, 767, 798

Spencer, George John Spencer, 2nd Earl, see Althorp, Viscount

Spenser, Edmund (1552?–99), poet and administrator in Ireland; author of The Shepheardes Calendar (1579) and The Faerie Queen (1589/90, 2nd edn 1596), a monumental work in English literary history pioneering the Spenserian stanza and synthesizing a range of archaic modes and registers; secretary to the Lord Deputy of Ireland (1580); commissioner for musters in Co. Kildare (1583–5); significant political writer, publishing A View of the Present State of Ireland (1596): 86, 150 and n. c,151 n. b, 158, 387, 995

Spottiswoode, John, of Spottiswoode (d. 1805), solicitor: 699 and n. b, 700, 702

Sprat, Dr Thomas (1635–1713), bishop of Rochester (1684); fellow of the Royal Society (1663); author of The History of the Royal Society (i66j); rector of Uffington in Lincolnshire (1670); royal chaplain (1676); canon of the Chapel Royal at Windsor (1681); dean of Westminster (1683); theology heavily influenced by Hooker: 936

Stanhope, James Stanhope, ist Earl (1673–1721), army officer, diplomat and Whig politician; founder member of the Kit-Cat Club; Major-General (1708); Lieutenant General (1709); successful campaigns in Spain ended disastrously at Brihuega (171 o); Secretary of State in the Southern Department (1714–18); Privy Councillor (1714); Secretary of State in the Northern Department (1718); helped secure Britain’s ruling dynasty and consolidate European peace through diplomatic negotiations (1716–21): 93

Stanhope, Philip (c. 1732–68), Chesterfield’s natural son: 144 n. a, 946–7

Stanton, Samuel (d. 1797), manager of a company of country actors: 512–13

Stanyan, Abraham (1669?–1732), diplomatist: 716

Statius, Publius Papinius (c. AD 40-c. 96); Roman poet, author of Silvae and the Thebaid: 137

Staunton, Sir George Leonard (1737–1801), physician and diplomatist; friend of S.J.; Attorney General for Grenada (1779); fellow of the Royal Society (1787); principal secretary to Lord Macartney’s embassy to China (1792): 196, 938

Steele, Joshua (1700–91), plantation owner and writer on prosody; author of An Essay towards Establishing the Melody and Measure of Speech, to be Expressed and Perpetuated by Peculiar Symbols (1775); sheriff of his parish, a member of the council, and judge in Barbados, home of his plantation: 437 and n. b

Steele, Sir Richard (1672–1729), writer and politician; playwright of the comedy The Tender Husband (1 jo 5); member of the Kit-Cat Club and associate of Addison; editor of the London Gazette (1707); founder of The Tatler (1709); co-founder, with Addison, of The Spectator (ijii): surveyor of the royal stables at Hampton Court (1714); governor of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (1714); master of the new print culture: 99 n. b, 316 n. a, 503, 536, 791–2, 814

Steele, Thomas (fl. 1803), joint secretary of the Treasury, Paymaster-General of the Forces: 83

Steevens, George (1736–1800), literary editor and scholar; fellow of the Royal Society (1767); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1767); member of the Literary Club (1774); editor of Shakespeare and acknowledged collaborator on S.J.’s second edition of the Works (1773), as well as the so-called Johnson-Steevens Shakespeare (1785); widely unpopular for his hoaxes and feuds, but a friend and important colleague for S.J.: 124, 252, 292, 315, 319, 322, 369, 407, 408, 433, 572, 626, 715, 731, 783, 942, 943, 1042 n. 501, 1046 n. 623, 1053 n. 801, 1057 n. 904, 1064 n. 1090, 1067 n. 1154, 1071 n. 1276

Stephani, the, French family of scholars and printers: 661, 764, 989 n. a

Stepney, George (1663–1707), diplomatist; the most well-known diplomat of William III’s reign; charge d’affaires at Berlin (1692); secretary at Vienna (1693); commissary and deputy to Saxony (1693-4); minister to Hesse-Cassel (1694-5) and Saxony (1695); and envoy-extraordinary to Cologne and Mainz (1695-6), Hesse-Cassel, the Palatinate and Treves (Trier) (1695-7), Saxony (1698), Prussia (1698-9) and again to the Palatinate (1701); envoy-extraordinary (1701-5) and then envoy-extraordinary and plenipotentiary (1705-6) at Vienna: 782 n. a

Sterne, Laurence (1713–68), writer and Church of England clergyman; author of Tristram Shandy (9 vols., 1759–67) and A Sentimental Journey (1768); heralded variously as the pioneer of the ‘anti-novel’, ‘stream of consciousness’ and the ‘eccentric’; inspired more by Cervantes, Rabelais and Montaigne than by British novelists: 353 and n. b, 378, 780 n. a, 823, 1015, 1043 n. 558

Stewart, Francis, one of S.J.’s dictionary assistants: 106, 749

Stewart, George (d. 1745), bookseller of Edinburgh; father of the preceding: 106

Stewart, Mrs, sister of Francis Stewart: 751, 907, 909

Stewart, Sir Annesley (1725–1801), of Ramalton, 6th Baronet: 807

Still, Dr John (i543?–i6o8), bishop of Bath and Wells (1593); canon of Westminster (1573); archdeacon of Sudbury in Suffolk (1577); vice-chancellor of Cambridge University (1575, re-elected 1592); often erroneously identified as the author of Gammer Gurton’s Needle: 1000 n. a

Stillingfleet, Benjamin (1702–71), botanist and writer; author of Miscellaneous Tracts (1759), a work that gave the Linnaean system of botanical classification greater exposure; cultivated interest in music, publishing Principles and Power of Harmony (1771); anecdote about his dress habit at formal evening assemblies is said to have given rise, indirectly, to word ‘bluestocking’: 823 and n. a

Stinton, Dr George (1730–83), chaplain to Archbishop Secker: 674, 778

Stockdale, John (i749?–i8i4), publisher in London: 179 n. a

Stockdale, Revd Percival (1736–1811), writer; translated Tasso (1770); friend of S.J.; editor of the Critical Review and the Universal Magazine (1771); author of a defence of Pope (1778) and an Essay on Misanthropy (1783); passed over in favour of S.J. for the Lives of the English Poets project: 319, 339

Stone, John Hurford (1763–1818), political refugee: 599 n. a

Stopford, Hon. Edward (1732–94), Major-General: 462

Stow, Richard, of Aspley Guise: 94 n. b

Stowell, Baron, see Scott, Dr

Strahan, Andrew (1750–1831), printer; son of William Strahan; MP (1796–1820); inherited his father’s business: 970

Strahan, Margaret Penelope (1719–85), wife of William Strahan; sister of James Elphinston: 118, 819, 842

Strahan, Revd George (1744–1824), Church of England clergyman; son of William Strahan; fellow of University College, Oxford (1768); vicar of St Mary’s, Islington, London (1772); spiritual counsellor to S.J., who entrusted him with the papers that became Prayers and Meditations (1785): 17, 129, 130, 283 n. a, 789, 913, 973, 989 n. a, 997, 998 n. a

Strahan, William (1715–85), printer; manager of the King’s printing house (1770); expanded enterprises to holding copyright shares in over 400 books and running one of the largest printing firms in London; close friend of Hume, Benjamin Franklin and S.J.; master of the Stationers’ Company (by 1774); member of the Essex Head Club (until 1784): 133, 157, 182, 192, 282 n. a, 332–3, 380, 412, 416, 428–9, 434, 435, 495, 570, 571, 580, 643, 646, 663, 678, 702, 720, 721, 739, 740, 755, 759, 941, 970

Strahan Jr, William (d. 1781), eldest son of William Strahan, and London printer: 818

Stratico, Simone (1733–1824), professor of medicine, mathematics, etc., at Padua: 198

Strickland, Mrs (Cecilia Townley) (1741–1814), friend of Mrs Thrale: 584 n. d

Stuart, Andrew (d. 1801), lawyer and politician; member of the Select Society and the Poker Club; fought a bloodless duel with Lord Thurlow; King’s remembrancer (1771–86); keeper of the signet (1777-9); member of Dundas’s ‘Scotch ministry’; on the Board of Trade (from 1779): 382

Stuart, Hon. and Revd William (1755–1822), Archbishop of Armagh: 873

Stuart, Lieutenant Colonel, Hon. James Archibald (later Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie) (1747–1818), 2nd son of 3rd Earl of Bute: 738, 745, 746, 748

Stuart, Revd James (1700–89), minister of Killin: 278 n. a

Suckling, Sir John (1609–42), poet; gallant and gamester; monarchist; author of the tragedy Aglaura (1637); gentleman of the Privy Chamber in Extraordinary (1638); wit and courtier to Charles I: 695 n. b

Suetonius, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (c. ad 70– c. 160); historian and antiquarian; biographer of the Roman emperors from Julius Caesar to Domitian: 1027 n. 139, 1029 n. 189

Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Duke of (1560–1641): 14, 167

Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of (1674–1722), Whig politician; Secretary for the South (1706–10); leader of the Whigs in opposition; Privy Councillor (1714); appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1714) but avoided the exile when he took up the new vacancy as Lord Privy Seal (1715); Secretary for the North (1717); switched back to Secretary for the South (1718) and assumed the post of Lord President of the Council; had joint control of the ministry with Stanhope (1718–21); endured a battle for power with Walpole during his final years; a devious, pragmatic and subtle politician: 93

Swan, Dr John (fl. 1742), MD: 11, 88

Swift, Jonathan (1667–1745), writer and dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin (1713); secretary and amanuensis to Sir William Temple; author of A Tale of a Tub (1696) and Gulliver’s Travels (1726); editor of the Tory weekly The Examiner (1710–11) and, at that time, the leading Tory propagandist; member of the Scriblerus Club and close associate of Pope, Gay, Arbuthnot and Parnell; exiled to Ireland with the accession of George I and the dominance of Walpole and the Whigs; the finest satirist in English literature: 77, 83, 115, 206, 229, 238, 295, 305, 330, 361, 388, 433 and n. b, 434, 658, 692, 797–8, 862, 921, 1029 n. 198, 1032 n. 256, 1035 n. 327, 1067 n. 1160

Swinfen, or Swynfen, Dr Samuel (c. 1679–1736), physician; lecturer in grammar at Oxford University; godfather to S.J.; grandson of John Swynfen, politician: 41, 48, 49, 644 n. a

Swinfen, or Swynfen, Richard (d. 1726), MP for Tamworth and Dr Swinfen’s elder brother: 48

Swinny, Owen Mac (d. 1754), playwright: 556–7

Swinton, Revd John (1703–77), historian and antiquary: 148

Sydenham, Dr Thomas (1624–89), physician; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1663); author of Methodus curandi febres (1666), revised and greatly expanded as Observationes medicae (1676), the book that made him famous; knighted (1678) after curing Charles II of a bout of illness; close associate of Locke; stressed the importance of keen clinical observation and the development of new, successful methods of treatment: 11, 26, 84, 88

Sydney, Algernon, see Sidney, Algernon

Sydney, Lord, see Townshend, Thomas, 1st Viscount Sydney

Sylvanus, Georgius, Homeric scholar: 743

‘Sylvanus Urban’, pseudonym of Edward Cave: 66

Taaf (fl. 1775): 476

Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (c. ad 55– c. 117), Roman soldier, statesman and historian of great insight and prose stylist of lapidary power: 360

Talbot, Catherine (1721–70), author and scholar; edited Richardson’s Sir Charles Grandison; contributor to The Rambler; most of her substantial works published posthumously –Reflections on the Seven Days of the Week (1770) and Essays on Various Subjects (1772); rational moralist with a particular interest in female instruction: 113

Tasker, Revd William (1740–1800), poet and antiquary; translated Pindar and Horace’s Carmen Seculare (1779–80); met with S.J. in 1779; friend of William Hunter; very moderate success as a writer included the tragedy Arviragus (1796), performed twice at the Exeter Theatre: 725

Tasso, Torquato (1544–95), Italian epic poet whose works exerted a powerful influence on English poetry of the seventeenth century: 702

Taylor, Dr Jeremy (1613–67), Church of Ireland bishop of Down and Connor and religious writer (1660); royalist; Arminian in theology; denied the doctrine of original sin; proponent of religious toleration and a founding father of English casuistry; author of The Liberty of Prophesying (1647) and Ductor dubitantium, or, The Rule of Conscience (1660): 926–7

Taylor, Dr John (1704–66), classical scholar and Church of England clergyman; librarian (1732) then registrar (1734–51) of Cambridge University; published an edition of Demosthenes contra Leptinem (1741); chancellor of the diocese of Lincoln (1744–66); archdeacon of Buckingham (1753); author of Elements of the Civil Law (1755): 695

Taylor, Dr John (1711–88), friend of S.J.; chaplain to the Duke of Devonshire, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1737–45); prebend at Westminster (1746–88); mediated between S.J. and Garrick in the quarrel over Irene (1749); read the service at S.J.’s funeral: 17, 29, 38, 40, 46, 49, 96, 97 and n. a, 105, 110, 131, 132, 493, 512, 515, 518, 519, 544, 577, 590, 592, 595, 596, 597, 603, 604, 605, 606 and n. b, 607, 609, 611, 614, 618, 621, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 631, 635, 644, 652, 653, 888, 889, 912, 973, 974 and n. a, 989 n. a, 999

Taylor, John (1703–72), itinerant occultist; published his journeys and associations in the History of the Travels and Adventures of the Chevalier John Taylor (1761-2); one of the principal medical entrepreneurs of the day; treated Handel (1758); subject of many satires due to the charlatan nature of his self promotion: 733

Taylor, John (1711–75), button manufacturer; co-founder of Birmingham’s first bank (1765), growing to become Lloyds Bank in 1852; a ‘valuable acquaintance’ to S.J.; pioneered several lucrative and ingenious methods in button-manufacturing: 51

Taylor, Mrs (Mary Tuckfield), second wife of the above: 131

Taylor, John (1732–1806), amateur landscape-painter of Bath: 752

Temple, Revd William Johnson (1739–96), Church of England clergyman and essayist; Whig; lifelong friend of Boswell; acquaintance and admirer of Gray; account of Gray appropriated by the biographies of Mason and S.J.; vicar of St Gluvias near Penryn in Cornwall (1776); author of Moral and Historical Memoirs (1779); famed only through association: 231, 266, 393, 432, 460, 850 n. b

Temple, Sir William (1628–99), diplomat and author; special ambassador to the Netherlands (1667-8), returning as resident ambassador (1668–70); partly responsible for arranging the marriage between William of Orange and Mary; Master of the Rolls in Ireland (1677); MP for Cambridge University (1679); reputation has been secured by the admiration of Swift and S.J., the former publishing many of his letters and miscellanea and making him the hero of The Battle of the Books: 122, 173, 385, 489, 663, 702, 975, 1070 n. 1248

Terence, Publius Terentius Afer (c. 195–159 bc), Roman comic playwright: 59, 772

‘Tetty’, or ‘Tetsey’, S.J.’s affectionate contraction of his wife’s name: 58

Themiseul de Saint-Hyacinthe (1684–1746); French author of the Histoire du Prince Titi: 471

Theobald, Lewis (1688–1744), literary editor and writer; attacked Pope’s editing abilities with Shakespeare Restored (1726) before publishing his own Shakespeare (1733); ridiculed thoroughly in The Dunciad; reputation recovered by the success of his own editorship; denigrated in S.J.’s preface to his own Shakespeare (1765): 177

Theocritus (fl. c. 270 BC), ancient Greek pastoral poet: 45, 59, 764

Thicknesse, Philip (1719–92), travel writer; author of A Year’s Journey through France, and Part of Spain (2 vols., 1777) and The Valetudinarian’s Bath Guide (1780); contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine; engaged in a feud with Smollett and irascible nature led to many quarrels, most publicly with his sons: 651

Thirlby, Dr Styan (c. 1692–1753), textual critic and theologian; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge (1712); published a folio edition of St Justin Martyr’s Apologiae duae et dialogus cum Tryphone Judaeo cum notis et emendationibus (1722); projected edition of Shakespeare unpublished but marginalia consulted by Theobold and S.J. for their editions: 854

Thomas, Nathaniel (1731–95), editor and proprietor of The St. James’s Chronicle: 569 n. a

Thomson, Elizabeth (d. c. 1746), sister of the poet and wife of the Revd Robert Bell: 718

Thomson, James (1700–48), poet; author of the cycle of poems The Seasons (1730) and the long blank verse poem Liberty (1735-6); achieved success as an opposition dramatist with Agamemnon (Drury Lane, 1738) before falling foul of the Licensing Act and shifting towards the melodramatic and sentimental with Tancred and Sigismunda (Drury Lane, 1745); Surveyor-General of Customs for the Leeward Islands (1746): 57, 192, 238, 294, 458, 538, 578, 583, 584, 594, 718, 790 n. b, 883 n. a, 1022 n. 45, 1041 n. 489

Thomson, Mary, youngest sister of Thomson the poet and wife of William Craig: 718

Thomson, Mrs (d. 1781), wife of Robert Thomson: 718

Thomson, Revd James (1699–1790), minister of Dumfermline: 548, 551–2

Thomson, Robert, master of the Grammar School, Lanark; brother-in-law of the poet: 295, 583, 718

Thornton, Bonnell (1724–68), writer; governor of St Luke’s Hospital for Lunatics (1751); co-founder and co-writer of The Connoisseur (1754-6); co-founder of and substantial contributor to the St James’s Chronicle (1761), along with Garrick, Colman and others; translated Plautus (2 vols., 1767): 117, 122 n. a, 210, 222

Thou, J. A. de, see Thuanus, Jacques Auguste de

Thrale, Henrietta Sophia (1778–83), Thrale’s twelfth child: 720

Thrale, Henry (1728/9-81), brewer and politician; husband of Hester Thrale (later Piozzi); MP for Southwark (1765–80); friend of S.J. from 1764; S.J. an executor on his death, occasionally helping with the trade of the brewery while Thrale was still alive: 16, 257–60, 276, 297, 301, 332, 339 n. a, 372, 380, 383, 384, 392, 402, 412, 414, 415 and n. a, 429, 437, 443, 448, 466–7, 474, 478, 480, 481, 490, 493, 515–16, 522, 528, 530–31, 533, 541–2, 546, 565, 567, 571, 577–8, 585–6, 589, 591, 593, 644, 645, 654–5, 657, 701, 710, 720, 725, 735, 738, 749, 751, 752 and n. c, 753, 758–9, 762–3, 804, 809, 811, 813, 818, 845, 853, 864, 902, 906, 916, 937, 950, 951–3, 955

Thrale, Henry Salusbury (1767–76), elder son of the above: 521

Thrale, Hester Lynch (afterwards Mrs Piozzi) (1741–1821), friend of S.J., writer; worked with S.J. on the translation of Boethius; amanuensis for The Lives of the English Poets; accused of shortening S.J.’s life by her marriage to Gabriel Mario Piozzi; author of Anecdotes of the Late Samuel Johnson (1786), a tremendous success; innovative writer admired by S.J. and willing to experiment with genre: 17 and n. a, 102, 259–60, 276, 285 n. a, 297, 301–2, 335, 337, 339 n. a, 370, 372, 381, 401, 403 n. a, 406, 411, 414, 415 and n. a, 424, 426, 437–8, 440 n. b, 448, 463, 465, 466–7, 474, 481, 493–4, 515–16, 519, 522, 528, 533–4, 536, 541–2, 543, 567, 570, 578, 585, 589, 591, 593, 594 n. a, 623, 636, 637, 639, 646–7, 658, 677 n. a, 694, 699, 705, 710–14, 720, 722, 725, 735, 738, 741, 751, 752, 754, 757, 761 n. a, 783, 795 and n. a, 804, 806, 809–10, 814, 828, 837, 843, 846, 853, 855, 856, 857, 858, 874, 888 and n. a, 896, 897, 898, 916, 936 n. a, 937 and n. a, 939, 946, 950 and n. a, 951–3, 954 and n. a, 972, 979 n. a, 981, 985 n. b, 986 n. a, 995

Thrale, Hester Maria (Viscountess Keith) (1764–1857), Thrale’s eldest child; protegee of S.J.; called ‘Queeney’ by S.J.; educated by S.J.; prominent in London and Edinburgh society after her marriage to Viscount Keith: 467 n. a, 481, 522

Thrale, Sophia (Mrs Hoare) (1771–1824), Thrale’s seventh child: 897

Thrale, Susanna Arabella (1770–1858), Thrale’s sixth child: 897

Thuanus, or Thou, Jacques Auguste de (1553–1617), French statesman, bibliophile and historiographer whose detached, impartial approach to the events of his own period made him a pioneer in the scientific approach to history: 22, 116 n. a, 994–5

Thucydides (c. 400–c. 460 bc), historian of the Peloponnesian War: 702

Thurlow, Edward Thurlow,1st Baron (1731–1806), Lord Chancellor (1778–92); Solicitor-General (1770); Attorney General (1771); Privy Councillor (1778); teller of the Exchequer (1786); presided over the opening years of the Hastings impeachment; personally kind to the ageing S.J. in 1784; exploited his role as an outsider, acting as the King’s man rather than according to party; eventually ousted by wrangles with Pitt, who insisted on his removal from office: 107, 446, 530, 552 and n. a, 762–3, 863, 935, 944 and n. a, 948

Thurot, Franc¸ois (1727–60), French naval officer: 819

Tibullus, Albius (c.60–19 bc), Roman elegiac poet; friend of Horace: 506, 1071 n. 1278

Tickell, Richard (1751–93), playwright and satirist; member of Brooks’s Club (1785); employed, via his brother-in-law R. B. Sheridan, as a propagandist for Charles James Fox; committed suicide after financial difficulties; limited success as a dramatist included Anticipation (1778) and The Wreath of Fashion(1778): 695 n. a

Tickell, Thomas (1686–1740), poet and government official; member of Addison’s Whig circle; rival to Pope in translations of The Iliad and The Odyssey; under-secretary to Addison as secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1714) then Secretary of State for the Southern Department (1717); author of the ballad Lucy and Colin (1725) and the anti-Jacobite epistle From a Lady in England to a Gentleman at Avignon (1717); admired variously by S.J., Goldsmith and Gray: 316, 794

Tillotson, Dr John (1630–94), Archbishop of Canterbury (1691–4); preacher to the Society of Lincoln’s Inn (1663); prebendary at Canterbury (1670–72); dean of Canterbury (1672–89); fellow of the Royal Society (1672); dean of St Paul’s (1689); author of The Rule of Faith (1666); outspoken critic variously of atheism, Catholicism, Socinianism and Unitarianism; presided over a divided Church at a crucial juncture in the history of British faith: 657

Toland, John (1670–1722), freethinker and philosopher; author of Christianity not Mysterious (1695), denying that any tenets of Christianity could be contrary to or above human reason, and Anglia libera (1701), justifying the Protestant succession; propagandist for Harley; fusion of republican and classical ideals helped found a Whig intellectual tradition that influenced Robespierre, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson: 20

Tonson, Jacob (1656?–1736), bookseller; exclusive publisher of Dryden; first to publish a work by Pope, in one of his highly successful anthologies or miscellanies; bought the rights to Paradise Lost and in large part secured Milton’s reputation with his 1688 edition; a founding member of the Kit-Cat Club: 542

Tonson, Jacob (d. 1767), publisher, great-nephew of the above: 143 n. b,

Tooke, John Horne (at first Revd John Horne) (1736–1812), radical and philologist; supporter of Wilkes and later the American revolutionaries; burgess of Brentford (1769); author of The Diversions of Purley (1786), an attempt to democratize language; organized the distribution of Thomas Paine’s The Rights of Man; central figure in the eighteenth-century reform movement and a man who greatly divided public opinion: 715 and n. a

Topham, Edward (1751–1820), journalist and playwright; acquaintance of Wilkes, Pitt, Colman and Sheridan; founder of the daily newspaper the World and Fashionable Advertiser (1787); author of the farces The Fool (1785), Small Talk, or, The Westminster Boy (1786) and Bonds without Judgement (1787); member of the exclusive Lion Club; man of fashion and womanizer: 526 n. b

Toplady, Revd Augustus Montague (1740–78), Church of England clergyman and hymn writer; Calvinist preacher; vicar of Broad Hembury, Devon (1768–78); author of The Doctrine of Absolute Predestination Stated and Asserted (1769); engaged in a protracted controversy with John Wesley regarding predestination; wrote the hymn ‘Rock of Ages’: 393, 396–7

Topsell, Revd Edward (d. 1638?), Church of England clergyman and author; author of The Historie of Foure-Footed Beastes (1607) and The Historie of Serpents (1608); early but unoriginal contributor to natural history: 81

Torre, ‘Signor’ (fl. 1772–4), print-seller and pyrotechnist: 942

Towers, Dr Joseph (1737–99), Dissenting minister and miscellaneous writer: 432, 785

Townley, Charles (1737–1805), collector of antiquities; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1786); fellow of the Royal Society (1791); trustee of the British Museum (1791); collection became one of the sights of London, containing the finest Roman collection outside of Italy: 584 n. d

Townley, Charles (1746–1800?), mezzotint engraver and miniature painter: 1000 n. c

Townley, Mr, of the Commons, brother of the above, engraver: 1000 n. c

Townshend, Charles (1725–67), politician; Secretary at War (1761-2); president of the Board of Trade (1763); first lord of the Admiralty (1763); Paymaster-General (1765); Chancellor of the Exchequer in Pitt’s ministry (1766); associated with the taxation of the colonies and famed for his ‘champagne speech’, hitting targets all round the political spectrum; brilliant but unreliable, career cut short by premature and unexpected death: 378, 520

Townshend, Thomas, 1st Viscount Sydney (1733–1800), politician; Paymaster-General of the Forces (1767); Privy Councillor (1767); one of the most prominent MPs in opposition to North’s ministry; Secretary at War in the Rockingham ministry (1782) before replacing Shelburne at the Home Office and serving under Pitt the younger (until 1789); notable debater: 939

Townson, Dr Thomas (1715–92), rector of Malpas, Cheshire, and religious writer: 929 n. a

Trapp, Dr Joseph (1679–1747), Church of England clergyman and writer; Tory; strong High Churchman; chaplain to Viscount Bolingbroke (1712); translated the complete works of Virgil into blank verse (1733); best-remembered religious work was The Nature, Folly, Sin and Danger, of being Righteous over-much (1739): 10, 976 n. a

Trecothick, Alderman Barlow (1720–75), merchant and politician; Alderman of London for Vintry ward (1764–74); London’s sheriff (1766), then Lord Mayor (1770); New Hampshire’s colonial agent (1766–74); owned shares in a plantation in Grenada and several estates in Jamaica: 560, 632

‘Tribunus’, pseudonym: 83

Trimlestown, Robert Barnewall, 12th Baron (d. 1779): 646–7

Trotter, Alexander, of Fogo, father of the following: 718

Trotter, Beatrix, Thomson the poet’s mother: 718

Trotter, Thomas (d. 1803), engraver: 1000 n. c

Trotz, Prof. Christian Hendrik (c. 1700–73), Dutch jurist: 250–51

Tursellinus, Horatius (1545–99), Italian historian: 47

Turton, Dr John (1735–1806), physician; S.J. wrote some verses to his wife; travelling fellow at University College, Oxford (1761); fellow of the Royal Society (1763); fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1768); physician to the Queen’s household (1771); physician-in-ordinary to the Queen (1782); physician-in-ordinary to the King and to the Prince of Wales (1797): 611

Twalmley, ‘the great’ (?Josiah Twalmley, ironmonger): 870

Twiss, Richard (1747–1821), travel writer; author of Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772 and 1773 (1775), read lazily by S.J.; fellow of the Royal Society (1774), withdrawing in 1794; fortune ruined by entering into a speculation of making paper from straw: 447

Tyers, Jonathan (d. 1767), pleasure garden proprietor; transformed Spring Gardens (later the Vauxhall Gardens), near the Thames on the South Bank, into a fashionable venue for evening entertainment; S.J. and J.B. were both visitors; a high quality of musical entertainment attracted the visits and performances of musicians such as Handel and a young Mozart: 689

Tyers, Thomas (1726–87), writer; eldest son of Jonathan Tyers; acquaintance of S.J. and J.B.; the inspiration behind S.J.’s portrayal of Tom Restless (The Idler, no. 48); author of Political Conferences (1780), a series of imaginary conversations between statesmen, and adulatory pieces on Pope and Addison; regular contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine, publishing a ‘biographical sketch’ of S.J. on the author’s death in 1784: 315, 689–90

Tyrawley, James O’Hara, 2nd Baron (1690–1773), field marshal and diplomatist: 373

Tyrconnel, John Brownlow, Viscount (d. 1754), MP: 99 and nn. a and b

Tyrwhitt, Thomas (1720–86), literary editor and critic; clerk of the House of Commons (1762); fellow of the Royal Society (1771); curator of the British Museum (1784); examined or edited Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Aristotle and Euripides; assisted the Johnson and Steevens Shakespeare supplement (1778); implicated in the Rowley controversy as an expert in mediaeval philology: 544 n. a, 843 n. a

Udson, Mr (fl. 1775): 476

Upper Ossory, John Fitzpatrick, 2nd Earl of (1745–1818); member of the Club: 252

Ussher, Dr James (1581–1656), Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and scholar: 109 n. b, 330

‘Vagabond, Mr’: 113, 745

Vallancey, Colonel Charles (1721–1812), antiquary: 914, 917

Vanbrugh, Sir John (1664–1726), playwright and architect; early member of the Kit-Cat Club; author of the comedy The Relapse (Drury Lane, 1696) and The Provoked Husband; variously adapted and translated works by playwrights such as Moliere and Fletcher; architect of Castle Howard, completed 1712, and Blenheim Palace; comptroller of her Majesty’s works (1702–26 except for a gap in 1713–14); Clarenceux herald (1704); developer, architect and co-manager of the Queen’s Theatre at Haymarket (officially opened 1705); surveyor of gardens and waters (1715): 288, 793

Vansittart, Dr Robert (1728–89), regius professor of civil law, Oxford: 186 and n. a, 362

Veal, Mrs (d. 1705): 347

Veale, Thomas (d. 1780), of Coffleet: 807 n. a

Veitch, James, see Elliock, James Veitch, Lord

Vertot, Rene Aubert de (1655–1735), French historian: 386, 936

Vesey, Agmondesham (d. 1785), husband of Elizabeth Vesey; member of the Literary Club; Irish MP for Harristown, Co. Kildare, and Kinsale, Co. Cork; Accountant-General for Ireland: 252, 433, 753, 778

Vestris, Gaetan Apolline Balthasar (1729–1808), dancer: 808

Victor, Benjamin (d. 1778), theatre manager and writer; treasurer and deputy manager to Thomas Sheridan at the theatre in Smock Alley, Dublin (from 1746); Poet Laureate of Ireland (1755); treasurer of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (from c.1759); published a three-volume Original Letters, Dramatic Pieces, and Poems (ijj6), with a dedication to Garrick: 791

Vilette, or Villete, Revd John (d. 1799), Ordinary of Newgate: 586, 945

Villiers, Sir George (d. 1606), knight of Brooksby: 714

Virgil, Publius Virgilius Maro (70–19

bc), pre-eminent Roman poet, whose Georgics, Eclogues and, above all, Aeneid form much of the foundation of later European poetry; General: 32, 39, 40, 42, 45, 59, 123, 138, 142, 147, 210, 297, 328, 416, 529 n. a, 627 and n. b, 628, 703, 764, 771, 860, 861 n. a, 870–71, 883–4, 993 n. a; Quotations: Aeneid 42, 274–5; Eclogues 32; Georgics 328, 860

Vitalis, Janus (d. c. 1560), Italian poet and theologian: 659

Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de (1694–1778), French writer and philosopher; Anglophile; acquainted with Swift, Gay, Pope and Horace Walpole; reputation as a historian established through Histoire de Charles XII (1731) and Annales de l’empire (1753-4), a particularly strong formal influence on Hume and Gibbon; the most innovative French dramatist of his time, writing Zaire (1732) and Mahomet (1742); author of the epic poem La Henriade (1728) and the enduringly popular and influential satire Candide (1759), so close in date and theme to S.J.’s Rasselas; visited by J.B. in 1764: 169, 182, 184, 230, 261, 263, 266, 290, 306 and n. a, 326, 480, 665, 678, 703, 716, 747, 923

Volusene, Florence (1504?–! 547?), Scottish humanist scholar; wrote two slim commentaries on the Psalms; associated with a range of Continental humanists, dedicating his De animi tranquillitate dialogus (1543) to Francesco Micheli: 639

Vyse, Ven. William (1709–70), archdeacon of Salop and rector of St Philip’s, Birmingham: 588

Vyse, Dr William (1742–1816), rector of Lambeth and son of the above: 588, 589, 971 n. a

Walker, John (1732–1807), elocutionist and lexicographer; actor with Garrick’s company at Drury Lane, Barry’s at the Crow Street Theatre, Dublin and Beard’s at Covent Garden (1757–68); leader of the ‘mechanical’ school of elocution; author of Elements of Elocution (1781), Rhetorical Grammar (1785) and The Melody of Speaking (1787); more famed for his contributions to lexicography, the Rhyming Dictionary (1775) and the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791); protege of S.J.: 877, 1000 n. c

Walker, Joseph Cooper (1761–1810), antiquary; best remembered as a pioneering student of contemporary literature and vernacular poetry in the Historical Memoirs of the Irish Bards (1786); one of the original members of the Royal Irish Academy (1785): 172, 580 n. b

Walker, Thomas (1698–1744), actor and playwright; Drury Lane comedian, debuting in 1715; ran his own great booth in Bird Cage Alley at Southwark fair; moved to Lincoln’s Inn Fields in 1721; established himself in the role of Macheath in The Beggar’s Opera; beset by debt throughout his life: 458

Wall, Dr Martin (1747–1824), physician at Oxford: 926

Waller, Edmund (1606–87), poet and politician; elected to the Short Parliament in 1640, representing Amersham, and sat for St Ives, Cornwall, in the Long Parliament until his expulsion in 1643; discredited by the fiasco of ‘Waller’s plot’, an attempt to establish a middle party in 1643 that resulted in bloodshed and the precipitation of civil war; lyricist and panegyrist poised between the Renaissance and Augustan ages: 292, 454, 692, 700 n. a, 782 and n. a, 783–4, 819, 924 nn. a and b

Walmsley, Gilbert (1680–1751), friend of S.J.; lived in the bishop’s palace at Lichfield for thirty years; described by Anna Seward as Garrick’s and S.J.’s first patron; some of his correspondence with Garrick and S.J. remains in Garrick’s Private Correspondence and in S.J.’s Letters: 48–9 and n. b, 59, 60, in, 228, 514, 761

Walmsley, Mrs Magdalen (i709?-86), wife of the above: 513

Walpole, Horace, 4th Earl of Orford (1717–97), author, politician and patron of the arts; son of Robert Walpole; the historian of his own times; founder of the Strawberry Hill press; author of the Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto (1763) and committed to the Gothic revival in landscaping and architecture; patron of Thomas Chatterton and implicated in the Rowley controversy; extensive Memoirs only published posthumously; publicly disliked S.J., a rival literary titan of the eighteenth century; reputation has suffered in posterity: 219 n. b, 568, 867 n. a, 937–8

Walpole, Sir Robert, 1st Earl of Orford (1676–1745), prime minister; leader of the Whigs; member of the Kit-Cat Club from 1703; Secretary at War (1708–10); treasurer of the navy (1710-n); Paymaster of the Forces (1714, 1720); first lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1715); played a key role in formulating a response to the bursting of the South Sea Bubble; returned to first lord of the Treasury in 1721; headed the Townshend-Walpole ministry (1722-3); knight of the Garter (1726); ridiculed for venality in The Beggar’s Opera and Gulliver’s Travels; indisputably ‘prime minister’, the first to claim this title, by the 1730s; resigned in 1742; unassailable position held largely due to the favour of George I and II and their mistrust of the Tories: 75, 76, 82, 321, 363, 448, 451, 547, 568, 653, 809, 938

Walsh, William (1663–1708), poet; colleague of Dryden; Low Church Whig; member of the Kit-Cat Club; mentor of Alexander Pope, proofing manuscripts of some of his pastorals: 330 n. a

Walton, Izaak (1593–1683), author and biographer; unwavering royalist; friend and biographer (1640) of John Donne; senior warden of the Yeomanry (1638); best remembered for his Compleat Angler (1653), although the fishing manual was not tremendously popular in his own lifetime; wrote further lives of Hooker, Sir Henry Wotton, George Herbert and Robert Sanderson; considerable influence on J.B. for the style and form of his Life: 411, 413–14, 456, 502, 577, 936

Warburton, Dr William (1698–1779), bishop of Gloucester (1760) and controversialist; staunchly loyal Whig; rector of Brant Broughton, Lincs. (1728–46); close friend of Pope, making an imaginative contribution to The Dunciad, Book 4, and acting as the poet’s executor after death; friend of Richardson, Sterne and Fielding; author of the controversial Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated (1738–41); Shakespeare scholar; chaplain to the King (1754); dean of Bristol (1757): 11, 20, 91, 100–101, 143 and n. b, 151, 177, 282 n. a, 283 and n. a, 558 n. a, 628, 691 n. a, 740 n. a, 788 and n. a, 789, 794, 922

Ward, Joshua (1685–1761), medical practitioner and inventor of medicines; satirized in at least four references by Pope as a ‘quack’; patented a process for the relatively cheap manufacture of sulphuric acid (1749); recipient of royal patronage after treating George II’s dislocated thumb: 733

Warren, Dr Richard (1731–97), physician: 252, 754, 988, 995

Warren, John (1673–1743), of Trewern, Pembrokeshire: 53

Warren, Thomas (d. 1767), Birmingham bookseller: 50–51

Warton, Dr Joseph (1722–1800), poet and literary critic; youthful author of the poem The Enthusiast, or, The Lover of Nature (1744); translated Virgil (4 vols., 1754); headmaster of the Winchester school (1766); contributed lastingly to literary scholarship with An Essay on the Writings and Genius of Pope (1756); member of the Literary Club (1777); disliked by S.J. after an earlier friendship; remained a friend of luminaries such as Garrick and Reynolds: 13, 113 n. a, 137–8, 166, 175, 221 n. a, 236, 252, 282 n. a, 284, 320, 349, 564 n. a, 584, 588, 647, 722, 740 n. a

Warton, Mrs (d. 1772), Mary, first wife of the above: 320

Warton, Revd Thomas (1728–90), the younger, historian of English poetry: 6, 48 n. a, 96, 146, 148 and n. a, 149 and nn. a and b, 150 nn. a-f, 151 and nn. a and b, 152 nn. a-d, 154 and n. c, 158 and nn. a, c and d, 162, 164 n. a, 173 and nn. b, c and d, 175, 177, 179 and nn. b and c, 180 nn. a and b, 181, 252, 297, 319, 441 n. a, 502–4, 544 n. a, 766, 843 n. a, 938

Waters, Ambrose (fl. 1660): 989 n. a

Waters, Mr (fl. 1766), Paris banker: 262

Watson, Dr Richard (1737–1816), bishop of Llandaff (1782–1816); advocate of religious toleration; professor of chemistry (1764–73) then regius professor of divinity (1771) at Cambridge University; fellow of the Royal Society (1769); archdeacon of Ely (1779); failed to progress from Llandaff after the deaths of all his important allies: 828

Watson, Robert (c. 1730–81), historian and rhetorician; professor of logic, rhetoric and metaphysics at St Andrews (1756), later becoming principal (1778); visited by J.B. and S.J.; best known for The History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain (2 vols., 1777) and an incomplete history of Philip III, both conceived as sequels to Robertson’s history of Charles V: 575

Watts, Dr Isaac (1674–1748), Independent minister and writer; minister of the Independent church at Mark Lane, London (1702); poet of the Horae lyricae (2 books, 1706); hymn writer; venerated by S.J. for his opposition to Locke and educationalist concerns in works such as the catechistic Short View of the Whole Scripture History (1732); his Divine Songs… for Children (1715) imitated and parodied by Blake and Lewis Carroll; friend and correspondent of Philip Doddridge: 168, 589, 717, 724 and n. a, 936

Wedderburne, Alexander, see Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburne, ist Baron

Welch, Anne (d. 1810), younger daughter of Saunders Welch: 640

Welch, Father (d. 1790), of the English Benedictine Convent, Cambrai: 477

Welch, Jane, see Nollekens, Mrs Mary

Welch, Mary, elder daughter of Saunders Welch, see Nollekens, Mrs Mary

Welch, Saunders (1710–84), Justice of the Peace for Westminster: 640–41, 739, 866

Wentworth, Mr, ‘son’ of one of S.J.’s masters: 32

Wentworth, RevdJohn (c. 1677–1741), headmaster of StourbridgeSchool: 31–32

Wesley, Revd Charles (1707–88), Church of England clergyman and a founder of Methodism; brother of John Wesley; itinerant evangelist under the influence of his brother; less inclined to travelling than John, settling as minister in Bristol (1756–71) before moving to London in 1771; perhaps the greatest of English hymn writers: 684

Wesley, Revd John (1703–91), Church of England clergyman and a founder of Methodism; converted in 1738 after contact with Moravians during his years in Georgia; slowly organized a recognizable ‘Methodism’ (1738–48); clashed very publicly with the Church of England and Calvinists; strongly empiricist in principal; propounded the doctrine of perfection; prolific writer on a range of theological and secular subjects, output including the History of England (1776) and Ecclesiastical History (1781); posed a hugely important challenge to the Established Church in the eighteenth century: 616, 648, 683, 736, 814

West, Gilbert (1703–56), author; close family connections with Lyttelton and Pitt the elder; friend of Pope; author of Observations on the History and Evidence of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ (\j^j); translated a selection of the odes of Pindar (1749): 777

Westcote, William Henry Lyttelton, 1st Baron (1724–1808), subsequently Baron Lyttelton of Frankley; colonial governor and diplomat; brother of George Lyttelton; governor of South Carolina (1755–60); governor of Jamaica (appointed 1760–66); ambassador to Portugal (1767–70); lord of the Treasury (1777–82); acquainted with the Thrales and S.J.: 928

Wetherell, Dr Nathan, (1726–1807), master of University College, Oxford: 452, 491, 500, 934

Wharton, Revd Henry (1664–95), Church of England clergyman and historian; rector of Chartham, Kent (1689–95); edited and published The History of the Troubles and Tryal of… Dr. William Laud (1695); most important work was the Anglia sacra (1691), a collection of medieval manuscripts that chronicled the history of the English Church; prolific writer under the patronage of William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury: 389, 1038 n. 385

Wheeler, Dr Benjamin (c. 1733–83), regius professor of divinity and canon of Christ Church, Oxford: 722, 760

Whiston, John (1711–80), bookseller; established in Fleet Street, London; son of William Whiston; one of the printers of the votes of the House of Commons and one of the original publishers of priced catalogues; involved in promoting the New and General Biographical Dictionary (12 vols., 1761–2): 824

Whiston, William (1667–1752), natural philosopher and theologian; Newtonian; author of the millenarian cosmogony A New Theory of the Earth (1696); Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge University (1702); Boyle lecturer (1707); entrepreneur of natural philosophy in London (1711–31); played an important role in early eighteenth-century attempts to determine longitude at sea; biblical student; greatly prolific writer: 296 n. b, 775 n. a,

Whitaker, Revd John (1735–1808), historian; author of The History of Manchester (2 vols., 1771–5); challenged Macpherson on the Ossian controversy; rector of Ruan Lanyhorn, Cornwall (1777); implicated in a later historical controversy by publishing Mary Queen of Scots Vindicated (1787); wrote variously in reaction to the French Revolution: 316 n. a, 704

White, Dr William (1748–1836), Protestant Episcopal bishop of Pennsylvania: 371

White, Mrs, S.J.’s servant: 989 n. a

White, Revd Henry (1761–1836): 971

Whitefield, Revd George (1714–70), Calvinistic Methodist leader; clashed with Wesley on the question of predestination, sceptical of his fellow Methodist’s ‘free grace’; preached from New England to Georgia (1739–41) and provided the prompt for the Great Awakening; chaplain to the Countess of Huntingdon; condemned public amusements of all kinds; idolized and criticized in equal measure: 46, 302, 616, 744

Whitefoord, Caleb (1734–1810), wine merchant and diplomatist; author of a New Method of Reading Newspapers (1766) that amused and engaged Horace Walpole, S.J. and Goldsmith; friend of Reynolds and involved with the Royal Academy; friend of Franklin and acted as an intermediary between him and the British government in France (1782): 941

Whitehead, Paul (1710–74), satirist; author of The State Dunces (1733), a work both indebted and influential to Pope’s Dunciad, and the pugilist mock epic The Gymnasiad (1744); put into custody for his anti-Walpole satire Manners (1739); member of the Hell Fire Club; close friend of Hogarth; held in low esteem by S.J.: 73–4

Whitehead, William (1715–85), poet and playwright; employed by Pope to translate the first epistle of the Essay on Man into Latin verse; fellow of Clare College, Cambridge; author of the commercially successful tragedy The Roman Father (Drury Lane, 1750); Poet Laureate (1757), publishing Birthday Odes to the King; esteemed by Horace Walpole, Mason and Gray; minor writer, but less of a cipher than other Poets Laureate of the era: 22, 105, 213, 826

Whiting, Ann (nee Johnson) (b. 1736), S.J.’s cousin and wife of William Whiting: 989 n. a

Wilcox, J. (?John, fl. 1721–62), bookseller in London: 60 n. b

Wilkes, Dr Richard (1691–1760), physician and antiquary: 86

Wilkes, Friar (fl. 1775–7), of the English Benedictine Convent in Paris: 476

Wilkes, John (1727–97), politician; member of the Royal Society (1749), the Beef Steak Club (1754) and the Hell Fire Club; founder of the North Briton (1762), a political weekly designed to attack Bute’s ministry; published the scandalous North Briton, no. 45, denouncing George III’s judgement; Alderman, for the ward of Farringdon Without (1769); subject of the Middlesex election saga (1768-9); came to blows with the government in the Printer’s case, the controversy over the printing of parliamentary debates (1771); highly popular Mayor of London (1774-6); lost public support after perceived endorsement of American independence, becoming instead a parliamentary radical; constant thorn in the side of Westminster, spokesman for ‘Liberty’, womanizer, blasphemer and scandal-merchant: 78, 163, 186 and n. e, 187, 210, 266, 299, 318, 552, 553–61, 622, 632, 645, 697, 731, 755–6, 779, 790–92, 819–22, 882, 955 n. a

Wilkins, J., landlord of the Three Crowns, Lichfield: 511, 745

Wilks, Robert (1665?-1732), actor and theatre manager; strongly associated with the part of Sir Harry Wildair in Farquhar’s The Constant Couple; quarrelled with Christopher Rich over payment and Drury Lane and moved to the Queen’s Theatre at Haymarket (1706-8) before becoming a co-manager of that theatre in 1709; tender and graceful tragedian but better remembered as a sprightly comic actor: 791–2

Willes, Sir John (1685–1761), judge and politician; loyal supporter of Walpole; Chief Justice of Chester (1729); Attorney General (1733); Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1737); Chief Commissioner of the Great Seal (1756); able judge but career faltered when he refused to pander for preferment: 820, 1062 n. 1035

William III (1650–1702), king of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Prince of Orange; son of the eldest daughter of Charles I, Mary (1631–1660), and hence nephew of Charles II and James II; invaded Britain and seized the Stuart crown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688–9, citing legal rather than religious motivations: 397, 431, 445, 952

Williams, Anna (1706–83), poet and companion of S.J.; daughter of Zachariah Williams; lived with S.J. in various residences from 1748, except for the period 1759–65; published a polished if uninspired Miscellanies in Prose and Verse (1766); eyesight impaired by cataracts; greatly cared for by S.J.: 15, 85, 126 n. a, 133, 138, 176–7, 276, 286, 301, 310, 337, 340, 347, 372–4, 380, 383, 389, 404, 415, 429, 441, 452, 454, 467, 482, 497, 522, 532, 541, 546, 554, 561, 569–70, 575, 587, 591, 593, 594, 637, 639, 642, 644–5, 668, 692, 708, 720, 728, 759, 814–16, 842, 859, 879, 891, 895, 904, 913

Williams, Helen Maria (1762–1827), writer; committed abolitionist; keen observer of the French Revolution, publishing her Letters from France (1790-96) and later admirer of Napoleon in Sketches of the French Republic (1801); sometime translator: 919

Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury (1708–59), writer and diplomatist; Paymaster of Marines (1737); custos rotulorum of Herefordshire (1741); Lord Lieutenant of Herefordshire (1741-4); satirist of the Whig opposition then the Tories, in the mode of Pope, if more prolix and less artful; diplomat to the Prussia, The Hague, Poland and Russia (1747–57): 281

Williams, Zachariah (1673?-1755), experimental philosopher; father of Anna Williams; developed a method for ascertaining longitude using a theoretically derived table of the earth’s magnetic variation, but his ideas were rejected with no financial gain; bedridden from 1748; financially and intellectually assisted by S.J.: 13, 149 n. a, 163, 164 n. b

Wilson, Father (fl. 1775), of the English Benedictine Convent, Paris: 470

Wilson, Florence, see Volusene, Florence

Wilson, Revd Thomas (1747–1813), schoolmaster: 854–5

Wilson, Thomas (c. 1727–99), fellow of Trinity College, professor of natural philosophy, Dublin: 257

Windham, William (1750–1810), politician; friend of Burke, Fox and Johnson; pallbearer at S.J.’s funeral; Chief Secretary to the Irish viceroy, Lord Northington (1783); Secretary at War (1794–1801); resigned as an MP in 1807 over the Catholic question: 252, 426, 585, 715, 866, 873, 874, 887 and n. b, 903, 916, 953, 960–61, 965, 989 n. a, 992, 995, 997, 999 and n. a

Wirgman, Peter, the younger (1718–1801), London jeweller: 698

Wirtemberg, Prince of: 356

Wise, Revd Francis (1695–1767), librarian and antiquary; under-keeper of the Bodleian Library (1719); keeper of the university archives (1726); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1749); numismatist and catalogued the coins in the Bodleian Library (1750); undertook some relatively important work in Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Latin fields; visited by S.J. and J.B. (1754): 147–52, 154, 158, 159, 173

Woffington, Peg (1714?–60), actress; developed a considerable repertory in Dublin before migrating to perform at Covent Garden in 1740; played Lady Anne to Garrick’s Richard III at Drury Lane in 1742, establishing a famous partnership; visited by S.J. and Fielding; stayed at Drury Lane through the actors’ protest over Fleetwood’s management; a comic virtuoso, continually seeking to extend her repertory and improve her art: 666

Wolsey, or Wolson, Florence, see Volusene, Florence

Wood, Anthony (1632–95), antiquary; author of the Historia et antiquitates Univ. Oxon. (2 vols., 1674) and, consequently, regarded as the then definitive historian of the University of Oxford; close friend of Ashmole and Aubrey; followed up with a biographical register of the university’s celebrated authors, Athenae Oxonienses (1691); dry, brusque and factual style with little pretence to literary merit; work has proved indispensable to modern publications such as the Dictionary of National Biography: 39, 854

Woodhouse, James (1735–1820), ‘the poetical shoemaker’: 327

Wotherspoon, John (d. 1776), see Index of Subjects: Apollo Press

Woty, William (1731?–91), poet and literary editor; first collected works, The Shrubs of Parnassus (1760), subscribed to by S.J., J.B. and Smollett; largely a satirist; apparently had a strong interest in the London theatre: 203

Xenophon (fl. 5th century bc), soldier, adventurer, historian and author: 59, 570, 722

Xerxes, king of Persia after Darius; led a series of massive military expeditions against Greece, which ultimately ended in failure after decisive Greek victories at Salamis and Plataea, and concerning which we derive ‘our knowledge’ overwhelmingly from Herodotus: 631

Yalden, Dr Thomas (1670–1736), poet and Church of England clergyman; Tory and High Churchman; chaplain of Bridewell Hospital, London (1713); included in S.J.’s Lives of the Poets although a fairly unremarkable poet, contributing a few pieces to Tonson’s Miscellanies but little else: 724

Yonge, Sir William (d. 1755), politician; firm Whig; a commissioner of Irish revenue (1723-4); a lord of the Treasury (1724-7, 1730–35); a lord of the Admiralty (1728); Secretary at War (1735–46); fellow of the Royal Society (1748); one of the most effective speakers on the ministerial side in the Commons and close lieutenant of Walpole: in, 346

Young, Arthur (1741–1820), agricultural reformer and writer; founder of the magazine the Universal Museum (1761), discontinued on S.J.’s advice; author of A Tour in Ireland (1780), numerous other agricultural works, upon which reputation he established the Annals of Agriculture (1784–1815); Travels in France (1793), observing much of the activity around the Revolution, became of greater historical value; helped to establish the government board of agriculture (1793), becoming its secretary; the best-known agricultural reformer and publicist of his time: 610

Young, Dr Edward (1683–1765), writer; patronized by Steele and Addison; author of the seven satires entitled The Universal Passion (1725-8) and what was arguably the century’s greatest long poem –Night-Thoughts (1742-6), read closely by Wordsworth and Coleridge; made an important contribution to literary self-consciousness; friend of Pope, S.J. and Richardson: 120, 611 n. b, 659, 689, 795, 796 and n. a, 829–30, 928

Young, Frederick (b. c. 1732), son of the above: 829–30 and n. a

Young, Prof. John (c. 1746–1820), professor of Greek, Glasgow: 984

Zeck, George and Luke: 264

Zelide, see Zuylen, Isabella de

Zon, Mr (fl. 1754), Venetian resident in London: 149

Zuylen, Isabella de (1740–1805), ‘Zelide’, Mme de Charriere: 292, 511