Живи долго! Научный подход к долгой молодости и здоровью - читать бесплатно онлайн полную версию книги автора Майкл Грегер (ч. notes)

Примечания

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Wang RH, Sengupta K, Li C, et al. Impaired DNA damage response, genome instability, and tumorigenesis in SIRT1 mutant mice. Cancer Cell. 2008;14(4):312–23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18835033/

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Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee HY, Min KJ. Sirtuin signaling in cellular senescence and aging. BMB Rep. 2019;52(1):24–34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6386230/

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Watroba M, Szukiewicz D. The role of sirtuins in aging and age-related diseases. Adv Med Sci. 2016;61(1):52–62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26521204/

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Palacios JA, Herranz D, De Bonis ML, Velasco S, Serrano M, Blasco MA. SIRT1 contributes to telomere maintenance and augments global homologous recombination. J Cell Biol. 2010;191(7):1299–313. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010065/

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Morris BJ. Seven sirtuins for seven deadly diseases of aging. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;56:133–71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23104101/

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Giblin W, Skinner ME, Lombard DB. Sirtuins: guardians of mammalian healthspan. Trends Genet. 2014;30(7):271–86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24877878/

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Flachsbart F, Croucher PJP, Nikolaus S, et al. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) sequence variation is not associated with exceptional human longevity. Exp Gerontol. 2006;41(1):98–102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16257164/

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Houtkooper RH, Pirinen E, Auwerx J. Sirtuins as regulators of metabolism and healthspan. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012;13(4):225–38. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22395773/

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Cantó C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Feige JN, et al. AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity. Nature. 2009;458(7241):1056–60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19262508/

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Xu W, Deng YY, Yang L, et al. Metformin ameliorates the proinflammatory state in patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis through sirtuin 1 induction. Transl Res. 2015;166(5):451–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26141671/

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Dang W. The controversial world of sirtuins. Drug Discov Today Technol. 2014;12:e9–17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25027380/

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Guerra B, Guadalupe-Grau A, Fuentes T, et al. SIRT1, AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and downstream kinases in response to a single bout of sprint exercise: influence of glucose ingestion. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;109(4):731–43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20217115/

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Asghari S, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Somi MH, Ghavami SM, Rafraf M. Comparison of calorie-restricted diet and resveratrol supplementation on anthropometric indices, metabolic parameters, and serum sirtuin-1 levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2018;37(3):223–33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29313746/

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Crujeiras AB, Parra D, Goyenechea E, Martínez JA. Sirtuin gene expression in human mononuclear cells is modulated by caloric restriction. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008;38(9):672–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18837744/

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Draznin B, Wang C, Adochio R, Leitner JW, Cornier MA. Effect of dietary macronutrient composition on AMPK and SIRT1 expression and activity in human skeletal muscle. Horm Metab Res. 2012;44(9):650–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22674476/

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Lilja S, Stoll C, Krammer U, et al. Five days periodic fasting elevates levels of longevity related Christensenella and sirtuin expression in humans. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33652686/

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Heilbronn LK, Civitarese AE, Bogacka I, Smith SR, Hulver M, Ravussin E. Glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle gene expression in response to alternate day fasting. Obes Res. 2005;13(3):574–81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15833943/

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Mansur AP, Roggerio A, Goes MFS, et al. Serum concentrations and gene expression of sirtuin 1 in healthy and slightly overweight subjects after caloric restriction or resveratrol supplementation: a randomized trial. Int J Cardiol. 2017;227:788–94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28029409/

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Civitarese AE, Carling S, Heilbronn LK, et al. Calorie restriction increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in healthy humans. PLoS Med. 2007;4(3):e76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17341128/

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1853

Watroba M, Szukiewicz D. The role of sirtuins in aging and age-related diseases. Adv Med Sci. 2016;61(1):52–62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26521204/

1854

Giblin W, Skinner ME, Lombard DB. Sirtuins: guardians of mammalian healthspan. Trends Genet. 2014;30(7):271–86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24877878/

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Smoliga JM, Blanchard O. Enhancing the delivery of resveratrol in humans: if low bioavailability is the problem, what is the solution? Molecules. 2014;19(11):17154–72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25347459/

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Pezzuto JM. Resveratrol: twenty years of growth, development and controversy. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2019;27(1):1–14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30332889/

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Singh CK, Liu X, Ahmad N. Resveratrol, in its natural combination in whole grape, for health promotion and disease management. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1348(1):150–60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26099945/

1858

Сравнительно низкий уровень сердечно-сосудистых и онкологических заболеваний у жителей Франции при высококалорийном рационе питания и обилии в нем жиров. – Примеч. ред.

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Visioli F, Panaite SA, Tomé-Carneiro J. Wine’s phenolic compounds and health: a Pythagorean view. Molecules. 2020;25(18):4105. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32911765/

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Burr ML. Explaining the French paradox. J R Soc Health. 1995;115(4):217–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7562866/

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Vang O. What is new for resveratrol? Is a new set of recommendations necessary? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013;1290:1–11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23855460/

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Resveratrol. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=resveratrol. Accessed January 18, 2023.; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=resveratrol

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Hector KL, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effect of resveratrol on longevity across species: a meta-analysis. Biol Lett. 2012;8(5):790–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22718956/

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Rascón B, Hubbard BP, Sinclair DA, Amdam GV. The lifespan extension effects of resveratrol are conserved in the honey bee and may be driven by a mechanism related to caloric restriction. Aging (Albany NY). 2012;4(7):499–508. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433935/

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Hector KL, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effect of resveratrol on longevity across species: a meta-analysis. Biol Lett. 2012;8(5):790–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22718956/

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Kim E, Ansell CM, Dudycha JL. Resveratrol and food effects on lifespan and reproduction in the model crustacean Daphnia. J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol. 2014;321(1):48–56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24133070/

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Hector KL, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effect of resveratrol on longevity across species: a meta-analysis. Biol Lett. 2012;8(5):790–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22718956/

1868

Pacholec M, Bleasdale JE, Chrunyk B, et al. SRT1720, SRT2183, SRT1460, and resveratrol are not direct activators of SIRT1. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(11):8340–51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20061378/

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Cottart CH, Nivet-Antoine V, Beaudeux JL. Is resveratrol an imposter? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(1):7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25558005/

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Tang PCT, Ng YF, Ho S, Gyda M, Chan SW. Resveratrol and cardiovascular health – promising therapeutic or hopeless illusion? Pharmacol Res. 2014;90:88–115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25151891/

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Артефакт эксперимента (от лат. arte – «искусственно» + factus – «сделанный») – эффект в эксперименте, возникающий вследствие дефектов методики проведения опыта. – Примеч. ред.

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Visioli F. The resveratrol fiasco. Pharmacol Res. 2014;90:87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180457/

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Roehr B. Cardiovascular researcher fabricated data in studies of red wine. BMJ. 2012;344:e406. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22250221/

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Visioli F. The resveratrol fiasco. Pharmacol Res. 2014;90:87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180457/

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Rabassa M, Zamora-Ros R, Urpi-Sarda M, et al. Association of habitual dietary resveratrol exposure with the development of frailty in older age: the Invecchiare in Chianti study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(6):1534–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26490492/

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Semba RD, Ferrucci L, Bartali B, et al. Resveratrol levels and all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(7):1077–84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24819981/

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Omidian M, Abdolahi M, Daneshzad E, et al. The effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(5):718–27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31738139/

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Koushki M, Lakzaei M, Khodabandehloo H, Hosseini H, Meshkani R, Panahi G. Therapeutic effect of resveratrol supplementation on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1134):197–205. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31628212/

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Heger A, Ferk F, Nersesyan A, et al. Intake of a resveratrol-containing dietary supplement has no impact on DNA stability in healthy subjects. Mutat Res. 2012;749(1–2):82–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22981768/

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Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. The effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114(5):1675–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34320173/

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Zhang T, He Q, Liu Y, Chen Z, Hu H. Efficacy and safety of resveratrol supplements on blood lipid and blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021;2021:5644171. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34484395/

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Bashmakov YK, Assaad-Khalil SH, Abou Seif M, et al. Resveratrol promotes foot ulcer size reduction in type 2 diabetes patients. ISRN Endocrinol. 2014;2014:816307. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24701359/

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Moxey PW, Gogalniceanu P, Hinchliffe RJ, et al. Lower extremity amputations – a review of global variability in incidence. Diabet Med. 2011;28(10):1144–53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21388445/

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Bhattarai G, Poudel SB, Kook SH, Lee JC. Resveratrol prevents alveolar bone loss in an experimental rat model of periodontitis. Acta Biomater. 2016;29:398–408. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26497626/

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Zhen L, Fan DS, Zhang Y, Cao XM, Wang LM. Resveratrol ameliorates experimental periodontitis in diabetic mice through negative regulation of TLR4 signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2015;36(2):221–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25530164/

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Javid AZ, Hormoznejad R, Yousefimanesh HA, Haghighi-Zadeh MH, Zakerkish M. Impact of resveratrol supplementation on inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal markers in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(4):2769–74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31405706/

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Samsamikor M, Daryani NE, Asl PR, Hekmatdoost A. Resveratrol supplementation and oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Arch Med Res. 2016;47(4):304–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27664491/

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Samsami-Kor M, Daryani NE, Asl PR, Hekmatdoost A. Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Arch Med Res. 2015;46(4):280–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26002728/

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Hussain SA, Marouf BH, Ali ZS, Ahmmad RS. Efficacy and safety of co-administration of resveratrol with meloxicam in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot interventional study. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:1621–30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30233159/

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Qasem RJ. The estrogenic activity of resveratrol: a comprehensive review of in vitro and in vivo evidence and the potential for endocrine disruption. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2020;50(5):439–62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32744480/

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Dzator JSA, Howe PRC, Coupland KG, Wong RHX. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of resveratrol supplementation for prophylaxis of hormonal migraine. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1763. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35565731/

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Mansour A, Samadi M, Sanginabadi M, et al. Effect of resveratrol on menstrual cyclicity, hyperandrogenism and metabolic profile in women with PCOS. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(6):4106–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33610422/

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Zaw JJT, Howe PRC, Wong RHX. Long-term resveratrol supplementation improves pain perception, menopausal symptoms, and overall well-being in postmenopausal women: findings from a 24-month randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Menopause. 2020;28(1):40–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881835/

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Li Q, Yang G, Xu H, Tang S, Lee WYW. Effects of resveratrol supplementation on bone quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021;21(1):214. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34420523/

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Johnson JJ, Nihal M, Siddiqui IA, et al. Enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol by combining it with piperine. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011;55(8):1169–76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21714124/

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Turner RS, Thomas RG, Craft S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2015;85(16):1383-91 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626244/

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Gliemann L. What are the chances that resveratrol will be the drug of tomorrow? Pharmacol Res. 2018;129:139–40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425727/

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Wahab A, Gao K, Jia C, et al. Significance of resveratrol in clinical management of chronic diseases. Molecules. 2017;22(8):1329. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28820474/

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Scribbans TD, Ma JK, Edgett BA, et al. Resveratrol supplementation does not augment performance adaptations or fibre-type-specific responses to high-intensity interval training in humans. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(11):1305–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25211703/

1903

Gliemann L, Schmidt JF, Olesen J, et al. Resveratrol blunts the positive effects of exercise training on cardiovascular health in aged men. J Physiol. 2013;591(Pt 20):5047–59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23878368/

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Meng X, Zhou J, Zhao CN, Gan RY, Li HB. Health benefits and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol: a narrative review. Foods. 2020;9(3):340. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32183376/

1905

45,36 кг. – Примеч. ред.

1906

Dybkowska E, Sadowska A, Swiderski F, Rakowska R, Wysocka K. The occurrence of resveratrol in foodstuffs and its potential for supporting cancer prevention and treatment. A review. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2018;69(1):5–14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29517181/

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Morris BJ. Seven sirtuins for seven deadly diseases of aging. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;56:133–71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23104101/

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Lagouge M, Argmann C, Gerhart-Hines Z, et al. Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1a. Cell. 2006;127(6):1109–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17112576/

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Timmers S, Konings E, Bilet L, et al. Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans. Cell Metab. 2011;14(5):612–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22055504/

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Gliemann L, Olesen J, Biensø RS, et al. Reply from Lasse Gliemann, Jesper Olesen, Rasmus Sjørup Biensø, Stefan Peter Mortensen, Michael Nyberg, Jens Bangsbo, Henriette Pilegaard and Ylva Hellsten. J Physiol. 2014;592(Pt 3):553. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24488075/

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Zhao L, Cao J, Hu K, et al. Sirtuins and their biological relevance in aging and age-related diseases. Aging Dis. 2020;11(4):927–45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390530/

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Li D, Cui Y, Wang X, Liu F, Li X. Apple polyphenol extract alleviates lipid accumulation in free-fatty-acid-exposed HepG2 cells via activating autophagy mediated by SIRT1/AMPK signaling. Phytother Res. 2021;35(3):1416–31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33037751/

1914

Gayer BA, Avendano EE, Edelson E, Nirmala N, Johnson EJ, Raman G. Effects of intake of apples, pears, or their products on cardiometabolic risk factors and clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Dev Nutr. 2019;3(10):nzz109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31667463/

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Hodgson JM, Prince RL, Woodman RJ, et al. Apple intake is inversely associated with all-cause and disease-specific mortality in elderly women. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(5):860–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26787402/

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Spiegelhalter D. Using speed of ageing and “microlives” to communicate the effects of lifetime habits and environment. BMJ. 2012;345:e8223. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23247978/

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Xiang L, Sun K, Lu J, et al. Anti-aging effects of phloridzin, an apple polyphenol, on yeast via the SOD and Sir2 genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011;75(5):854–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21597195/

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Peng C, Chan HYE, Huang Y, Yu H, Chen ZY. Apple polyphenols extend the mean lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. J Agric Food Chem. 2011;59(5):2097–106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21319854/

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Shaposhnikov M, Latkin D, Plyusnina E, et al. The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology. 2014;15(2):113–27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24305778/

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Palermo V, Mattivi F, Silvestri R, La Regina G, Falcone C, Mazzoni C. Apple can act as anti-aging on yeast cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:491759. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22970337/

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Sunagawa T, Shimizu T, Kanda T, Tagashira M, Sami M, Shirasawa T. Procyanidins from apples (Malus pumila Mill.) extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Planta Med. 2011;77(2):122–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20717869/

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Song B, Wang H, Xia W, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. Combination of apple peel and blueberry extracts synergistically induced lifespan extension via DAF-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct. 2020;11(7):6170–85. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/FO/D0FO00718H

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Pallauf K, Giller K, Huebbe P, Rimbach G. Nutrition and healthy ageing: calorie restriction or polyphenol-rich “MediterrAsian” diet? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:707421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24069505/

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Wu X, Cao N, Fenech M, Wang X. Role of sirtuins in maintenance of genomic stability: relevance to cancer and healthy aging. DNA Cell Biol. 2016;35(10):542–75. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27380140/

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Khazdouz M, Daryani NE, Alborzi F, et al. Effect of selenium supplementation on expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1a genes in ulcerative colitis patients: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr Res. 2020;9(4):284–95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33204668/

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Fusi J, Bianchi S, Daniele S, et al. An in vitro comparative study of the antioxidant activity and SIRT1 modulation of natural compounds. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;101:805–19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29525677/

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Yang Y, Duan W, Lin Y, et al. SIRT1 activation by curcumin pretreatment attenuates mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;65:667–79. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23880291/

1930

Heshmati J, Golab F, Morvaridzadeh M, et al. The effects of curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress, Sirtuin-1 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ¿ coactivator 1a gene expression in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(2):77–82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31991296/

1931

Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, et al. Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30871514/

1932

Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Qorbani M, et al. Green cardamom increases Sirtuin-1 and reduces inflammation in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2018;15:63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30263038/

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Zhong Y, Chen AF, Zhao J, Gu YJ, Fu GX. Serum levels of cathepsin D, sirtuin1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are correlatively reduced in elderly healthy people. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2016;28(4):641–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462844/

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Kumar R, Mohan N, Upadhyay AD, et al. Identification of serum sirtuins as novel noninvasive protein markers for frailty. Aging Cell. 2014;13(6):975–80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25100619/

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Kumar R, Chaterjee P, Sharma PK, et al. Sirtuin1: a promising serum protein marker for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61560. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23613875/

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Yanagisawa S, Papaioannou AI, Papaporfyriou A, et al. Decreased serum sirtuin-1 in COPD. Chest. 2017;152(2):343–52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28506610/

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Kazemi S, Yaghooblou F, Siassi F, et al. Cardamom supplementation improves inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in hyperlipidemic, overweight, and obese pre-diabetic women: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Sci Food Agric. 2017;97(15):5296–301. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28480505/

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Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani P, Arab A, Ghaedi E, Hadi A, Jalili C. Effects of cardamom supplementation on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020;34(3):475–85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31755188/

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Rajendrasozhan S, Yang SR, Kinnula VL, Rahman I. SIRT1, an antiinflammatory and antiaging protein, is decreased in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177(8):861–70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18174544/

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Caito S, Rajendrasozhan S, Cook S, et al. SIRT1 is a redox-sensitive deacetylase that is post-translationally modified by oxidants and carbonyl stress. FASEB J. 2010;24(9):3145–59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20385619/

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Cai W, Uribarri J, Zhu L, et al. Oral glycotoxins are a modifiable cause of dementia and the metabolic syndrome in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(13):4940–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24567379/

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1948

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1949

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1950

Serrano M, Blasco MA. Cancer and ageing: convergent and divergent mechanisms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8(9):715–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17717516/

1951

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1953

Shay JW, Wright WE. Telomeres and telomerase: three decades of progress. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20(5):299–309. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30760854/

1954

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1955

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1956

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1957

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1958

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1959

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1960

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1961

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1963

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1964

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1965

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1966

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1967

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1968

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1969

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1970

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1971

Whittemore K, Vera E, Martínez-Nevado E, Sanpera C, Blasco MA. Telomere shortening rate predicts species life span. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(30):15122–7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31285335/

1972

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1973

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1974

Blackburn EH, Epel ES, Lin J. Human telomere biology: a contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science. 2015;350(6265):1193–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26785477/

1975

Zhu Y, Liu X, Ding X, Wang F, Geng X. Telomere and its role in the aging pathways: telomere shortening, cell senescence and mitochondria dysfunction. Biogerontology. 2019;20(1):1–16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30229407/

1976

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Tsuji A, Ishiko A, Takasaki T, Ikeda N. Estimating age of humans based on telomere shortening. Forensic Sci Int. 2002;126(3):197–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12062940/

1978

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Blackburn EH. Telomeres and telomerase: the means to the end (Nobel lecture). Angew Chemie Int Ed Engl. 2010;49(41):7405–21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20821774/

1980

Laberthonnière C, Magdinier F, Robin JD. Bring it to an end: does telomeres size matter? Cells. 2019;8(1):30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626097/

1981

Saretzki G. Telomeres, telomerase and ageing. Subcell Biochem. 2018;90:221–308. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30779012/

1982

Boccardi V, Mecocci P. Telomerase activation and human health-span: an open issue. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30(2):221–3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28470632/

1983

Flanary BE, Kletetschka G. Analysis of telomere length and telomerase activity in tree species of various life-spans, and with age in the bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva. Biogerontology. 2005;6(2):101–11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16034678/

1984

Wright WE, Piatyszek MA, Rainey WE, Byrd W, Shay JW. Telomerase activity in human germline and embryonic tissues and cells. Dev Genet. 1996;18(2):173–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8934879/

1985

Shay JW, Bacchetti S. A survey of telomerase activity in human cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1997;33(5):787–91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9282118/

1986

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1987

1988

Chen W, Kimura M, Kim S, et al. Longitudinal versus cross-sectional evaluations of leukocyte telomere length dynamics: age-dependent telomere shortening is the rule. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66(3):312–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310811/

1989

Epel ES, Merkin SS, Cawthon R, et al. The rate of leukocyte telomere shortening predicts mortality from cardiovascular disease in elderly men. Aging (Albany NY). 2008;1(1):81–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20195384/

1990

Tedone E, Arosio B, Gussago C, et al. Leukocyte telomere length and prevalence of age-related diseases in semisupercentenarians, centenarians and centenarians’ offspring. Exp Gerontol. 2014;58:90–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24975295/

1991

Tedone E, Huang E, O’Hara R, et al. Telomere length and telomerase activity in T cells are biomarkers of high-performing centenarians. Aging Cell. 2019;18(1):e12859. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30488553/

1992

Kamal S, Junaid M, Ejaz A, Bibi I, Akash MSH, Rehman K. The secrets of telomerase: retrospective analysis and future prospects. Life Sci. 2020;257:118115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32698073/

1993

Boccardi V, Paolisso G. Telomerase activation: a potential key modulator for human healthspan and longevity. Ageing Res Rev. 2014;15:1–5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24561251/

1994

Bär C, Blasco MA. Telomeres and telomerase as therapeutic targets to prevent and treat age-related diseases. F1000Res. 2016;5:89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27081482/

1995

Tomás-Loba A, Flores I, Fernández-Marcos PJ, et al. Telomerase reverse transcriptase delays aging in cancer-resistant mice. Cell. 2008;135(4):609–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19013273/

1996

Bernardes de Jesus B, Vera E, Schneeberger K, et al. Telomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer. EMBO Mol Med. 2012;4(8):691–704. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22585399/

1997

Bär C, Bernardes de Jesus B, Serrano R, et al. Telomerase expression confers cardioprotection in the adult mouse heart after acute myocardial infarction. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5863. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25519492/

1998

Rudolph KL, Chang S, Millard M, Schreiber-Agus N, DePinho RA. Inhibition of experimental liver cirrhosis in mice by telomerase gene delivery. Science. 2000;287(5456):1253–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10678830/

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Eitan E, Tichon A, Gazit A, Gitler D, Slavin S, Priel E. Novel telomerase-increasing compound in mouse brain delays the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO Mol Med. 2012;4(4):313–29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22351600/

2002

Gilson E, Ségal-Bendirdjian E. The telomere story or the triumph of an open-minded research. Biochimie. 2010;92(4):321–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20096746/

2003

Suram A, Herbig U. The replicometer is broken: telomeres activate cellular senescence in response to genotoxic stresses. Aging Cell. 2014;13(5):780–6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25040628/

2004

Shay JW, Wright WE. Telomeres and telomerase: three decades of progress. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20(5):299–309. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30760854/

2005

Hornsby PJ. Telomerase and the aging process. Exp Gerontol. 2007;42(7):575–81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17482404/

2006

Bodnar AG, Ouellette M, Frolkis M, et al. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science. 1998;279(5349):349–52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9454332/

2007

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Broer L, Codd V, Nyholt DR, et al. Meta-analysis of telomere length in 19713 subjects reveals high heritability, stronger maternal inheritance and a paternal age effect. Eur J Hum Genet. 2013;21(10):1163–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23321625/

2010

Maugeri A, Barchitta M, Magnano San Lio R, et al. The effect of alcohol on telomere length: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence and a pilot study during pregnancy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):5038. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34068820/

2011

Ip P, Chung BHY, Ho FKW, et al. Prenatal tobacco exposure shortens telomere length in children. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(1):111–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27194546/

2012

Zhao B, Vo HQ, Johnston FH, Negishi K. Air pollution and telomere length: a systematic review of 12,058 subjects. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2018;8(4):480–92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30214863/

2013

Aviv A, Shay JW. Reflections on telomere dynamics and ageing-related diseases in humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018;373(1741):20160436. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29335375/

2014

Galiè S, Canudas S, Muralidharan J, García-Gavilán J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Impact of nutrition on telomere health: systematic review of observational cohort studies and randomized clinical trials. Adv Nutr. 2020;11(3):576–601. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688893/

2015

Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, et al. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Lancet. 1990;336(8708):129–33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1973470/

2016

Ornish D, Weidner G, Fair WR, et al. Intensive lifestyle changes may affect the progression of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2005;174(3):1065–70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16094059/

2017

U.S. National Library of Medicine. Can lifestyle changes reverse early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. ClincalTrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04606420. Updated October 28, 2020. Accessed July 17, 2021.; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04606420

2018

Ornish D, Lin J, Daubenmier J, et al. Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(11):1048–57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18799354/

2019

Ornish D, Lin J, Daubenmier J, et al. Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(11):1048–57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18799354/

2020

Skordalakes E. Telomerase and the benefits of healthy living. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(11):1023–4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19012852/

2021

Ornish D, Lin J, Chan JM, et al. Effect of comprehensive lifestyle changes on telomerase activity and telomere length in men with biopsy-proven low-risk prostate cancer: 5-year follow-up of a descriptive pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(11):1112–20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24051140/

2022

В российском прокате – «Отпуск по обмену». – Примеч. ред.

2023

Blackburn EH, Epel ES. Too toxic to ignore. Nature. 2012;490(7419):169–71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23060172/

2024

Epel ES, Lin J, Dhabhar FS, et al. Dynamics of telomerase activity in response to acute psychological stress. Brain Behav Immun. 2010;24(4):531–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20018236/

2025

Damjanovic AK, Yang Y, Glaser R, et al. Accelerated telomere erosion is associated with a declining immune function of caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Immunol. 2007;179(6):4249–54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17785865/

2026

Schutte NS, Malouff JM, Keng SL. Meditation and telomere length: a meta-analysis. Psychol Health. 2020;35(8):901–15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31903785/

2027

Cherkas LF, Hunkin JL, Kato BS, et al. The association between physical activity in leisure time and leukocyte telomere length. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(2):154–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18227361/

2028

Tucker LA. Walking and biologic ageing: evidence based on NHANES telomere data. J Sports Sci. 2020;38(9):1026–35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32175820/

2029

Lin X, Zhou J, Dong B. Effect of different levels of exercise on telomere length: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2019;51(7):473–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31093683/

2030

Mundstock E, Zatti H, Louzada FM, et al. Effects of physical activity in telomere length: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2015;22:72–80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25956165/

2031

Abrahin O, Cortinhas-Alves EA, Vieira RP, Guerreiro JF. Elite athletes have longer telomeres than sedentary subjects: a meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2019;119:138–45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30735724/

2032

Aguiar SS, Sousa CV, Santos PA, et al. Master athletes have longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes. A systematic review, meta-analysis and discussion of possible mechanisms. Exp Gerontol. 2021;146:111212. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33387607/

2033

Denham J, Nelson CP, O’Brien BJ, et al. Longer leukocyte telomeres are associated with ultra-endurance exercise independent of cardiovascular risk factors. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69377. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23936000/

2034

Werner C, Fürster T, Widmann T, et al. Physical exercise prevents cellular senescence in circulating leukocytes and in the vessel wall. Circulation. 2009;120(24):2438–47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19948976/

2035

Friedenreich CM, Wang Q, Ting NS, et al. Effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on leukocyte telomere length: results from the ALPHA Trial. Cancer Epidemiol. 2018;56:67–74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30075329/

2036

Sjögren P, Fisher R, Kallings L, Svenson U, Roos G, Hellénius ML. Stand up for health – avoiding sedentary behaviour might lengthen your telomeres: secondary outcomes from a physical activity RCT in older people. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(19):1407–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25185586/

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Mason C, Risques RA, Xiao L, et al. Independent and combined effects of dietary weight loss and exercise on leukocyte telomere length in postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(12):E549–54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23640743/

2038

Werner CM, Hecksteden A, Morsch A, et al. Differential effects of endurance, interval, and resistance training on telomerase activity and telomere length in a randomized, controlled study. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(1):34–46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30496493/

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To-Miles FYL, Backman CL. What telomeres say about activity and health: a rapid review. Can J Occup Ther. 2016;83(3):143–53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27053148/

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Himbert C, Thompson H, Ulrich CM. Effects of intentional weight loss on markers of oxidative stress, DNA repair and telomere length – a systematic review. Obes Facts. 2017;10(6):648–65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29237161/

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Ornish D, Lin J, Daubenmier J, et al. Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(11):1048–57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18799354/

2044

2045

Lulkiewicz M, Bajsert J, Kopczynski P, Barczak W, Rubis B. Telomere length: how the length makes a difference. Mol Biol Rep. 2020;47(9):7181–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32876842/

2046

Prieto-Oliveira P. Telomerase activation in the treatment of aging or degenerative diseases: a systematic review. Mol Cell Biochem. 2021;476(2):599–607. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33001374/

2047

De Meyer T, Bekaert S, De Buyzere ML, et al. Leukocyte telomere length and diet in the apparently healthy, middle-aged Asklepios population. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):6540. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29695838/

2048

Tucker LA. Milk fat intake and telomere length in U.S. women and men: the role of the milk fat fraction. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:1574021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31772698/

2049

Marin C, Delgado-Lista J, Ramirez R, et al. Mediterranean diet reduces senescence-associated stress in endothelial cells. Age (Dordr). 2012;34(6):1309–16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21894446/

2050

Alonso-Pedrero L, Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Martínez-González MA, Zalba G, Bes-Rastrollo M, Marti A. Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of short telomeres in an elderly population of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(6):1259–66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32330232/

2051

Askari M, Heshmati J, Shahinfar H, Tripathi N, Daneshzad E. Ultra-processed food and the risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44(10):2080–91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32796919/

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Pagliai G, Dinu M, Madarena MP, Bonaccio M, Iacoviello L, Sofi F. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2021;125(3):308–18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32792031/

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Strandberg TE, Strandberg AY, Saijonmaa O, Tilvis RS, Pitkälä KH, Fyhrquist F. Association between alcohol consumption in healthy midlife and telomere length in older men. The Helsinki Businessmen Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2012;27(10):815–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22875407/

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Huang Y, Cao D, Chen Z, et al. Red and processed meat consumption and cancer outcomes: umbrella review. Food Chem. 2021;356:129697. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33838606/

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Fretts AM, Howard BV, Siscovick DS, et al. Processed meat, but not unprocessed red meat, is inversely associated with leukocyte telomere length in the Strong Heart Family Study. J Nutr. 2016;146(10):2013–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22277554/

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Nettleton JA, Diez-Roux A, Jenny NS, Fitzpatrick AL, Jacobs DR Jr. Dietary patterns, food groups, and telomere length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(5):1405–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18996878/

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Farzaneh-Far R, Lin J, Epel ES, Harris WS, Blackburn EH, Whooley MA. Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA. 2010;303(3):250. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20085953/

2062

Pawelczyk T, Grancow-Grabka M, Trafalska E, Szemraj J, Zurner N, Pawelczyk A. Telomerase level increase is related to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid efficacy in first episode schizophrenia: secondary outcome analysis of the OFFER randomized clinical trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018;83:142–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31098654/

2063

O’Callaghan N, Parletta N, Milte CM, Benassi-Evans B, Fenech M, Howe PRC. Telomere shortening in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment may be attenuated with ¿-3 fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled pilot study. Nutrition. 2014;30(4):489–91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24342530/

2064

Holub A, Mousa S, Abdolahi A, et al. The effects of aspirin and N-3 fatty acids on telomerase activity in adults with diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;30(10):1795–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32723580/

2065

Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Epel ES, Belury MA, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;28:16–24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23010452/

2066

Barden A, O’Callaghan N, Burke V, et al. n–3 fatty acid supplementation and leukocyte telomere length in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutrients. 2016;8(3):175. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27007392/

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2068

Pitkänen N, Pahkala K, Rovio SP, et al. Effects of randomized controlled infancy-onset dietary intervention on leukocyte telomere length – the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Nutrients. 2021;13(2):318. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33499376/

2069

Marin C, Delgado-Lista J, Ramirez R, et al. Mediterranean diet reduces senescence-associated stress in endothelial cells. Age (Dordr). 2012;34(6):1309–16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21894446/

2070

Canudas S, Becerra-Tomás N, Hernández-Alonso P, et al. Mediterranean diet and telomere length: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2020;11(6):1544–54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730558/

2071

Tucker LA. Milk fat intake and telomere length in U.S. women and men: the role of the milk fat fraction. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:e1574021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31772698/

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Спортом на выносливость считаются спортивная ходьба; бег на средние и длинные дистанции; марафонский бег; велоспорт; плавание; гребля на академических лодках, байдарках, каноэ; лыжные гонки; конькобежный спорт; биатлон; спортивное ориентирование; триатлон. – Примеч. ред.

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В российском прокате – «Переломный момент». – Примеч. ред.

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Вариант вегетарианства, при котором разрешены не только продукты растительного происхождения, но также молоко и яйца. – Примеч. ред.

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