Ссылки

Введение. Концепция

[1] Eva Bianconi, Allison Piovesan, Federica Facchin, Alina Beraudi, Raffaella Casadei, Flavia Frabetti, Lorenza Vitale, Maria Chiara Pelleri, Simone Tassani, Francesco Piva, Soledad Perez-Amodio, Pierluigi Strippoli, Silvia Canaider. An Estimation of the Number of Cells in the Human Body. Annals of Fluman Biology 40. No. 6 (2013): 463-471. Doi: 10.3109/03014460.2013.807878. Elizabeth Howell. How Many Stars Are in the Milky mTy7Space.com, March 30. 2018. URL: www.space.com/25959-how-many-stars-are-in-the-milky-way. html.

[2] Human Cell Atlas. URL: www.humancellatlas.org. Дата обращения: 04.04.2019.

[3] Eleftheria Pervolaraki, James Dachtler, Richard A. Anderson, Arun V. Holden. Ventricular Myocardium Development and the Role of Connexins in the Human Fetal Heart. Scientific Reports 7 (2017), article 12272. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11129-9.

[4] К. E. Garcia, E. C. Robinson, D. Alexopoulos, D. L. Dierker, M. F. Glasser, T. S. Coalson, С. M. Ortinau, D. Rueckert, L. A. Taber, D. C. Van Essen, С. E. Rogers, C. D. Smyser, P. V. Bayly. Dynamic Patterns of Cortical Expansion During Folding of the Preterm Human Brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115. No. 12 (2018): 3156-3161. Doi: 10.1073/pnas. 1715451115.

[5] A. J. De Casper, W. P. Fifer. Of Human Bonding: Newborns Prefer Their Mothers’ Voices. Science 208. No. 4448 (1980): 1174—1176. Doi:10.1126/science.7375928; S. Zoia, L. Blason, G. D’Ottavio, M. Bulgheroni, E. Pezzetta, A. Scabar, U. Castiello. Evidence of Early Development of Action Planning in the Human Fetus: A Kinematic Study. Experimental Brain Research 176 (2006): 217—226. Doi:10.1007/ s00221-006-0607-3; Martin Witt, Klaus Reutter. Embryonic and Early Fetal Development of Human Taste Buds: A Transmission Electron Microscopical Study. Anatomical Record 246 (1996): 507—523. Doi: 10.1007/s004180050228.

[6] Eva Bianconi et al. An Estimation of the Number of Cells in the Human Body, 463—471.

[7] S. J. Smartt, T.-W. Chen, A. Jerkstrand, M. Coughlin, E. Kankare, S. Sim, M. Fraser, C. Inserra, K. Maguire, К. C. Chambers, M. E. Huber, T. Kruhler, G. Leloudas, M. Magee, L. J. Shingles, K. W. Smith, D. R. Young, J. Tonry, R. Kotak, A. Gal-Yam, J. D. Lyman, D. S. Homan, C. Agliozzo, J. P. Anderson, C. R. Angus, C. Ashall, C. Barbarino, F. E. Bauer, M. Berton, M. T. Botticella, M. Bulla, J. Bulger, G. Cannizzaro, Z. Cano, R. Cartier, A. Cikota, P. Clark, A. De Cia, M. Della Valle, L. Denneau, M. Dennefeld, L. Dessart, G. Dimitriadis, N. Elias-Rosa, R. E. Firth, H. Flewelling, A. Flors, A. Franckowiak, C. Frohmaier, L. Galbany, S. Gonzalez-Gaitan, J. Greiner, M. Gromadzki, A. N. Guelbenzu, С. P. Gutierrez, A. Hamanowicz, L. Hanlon, J. Harmanen, К. E. Heintz, A. Heinze, M. Hernandez, S. T. Hodgkin, I. M. Hook, L. Izzo, P. A. James, P. G. Jonker, W. E. Kerzendorf, S. Klose, Z. Kostrzewa- Rutkow-ska, M. Kowalski, M. Kromer, H. Kuncarayakti, A. Lawrence, T. B. Lowe, E. A. Magnier, I. Manulis, A. Martin-Carrillo, S. Mattila, O. McBrien, A. Muller, J. Nordin, D. O’Neill, F. Onori, J. T. Palmerio, A. Pastorello, F. Patat, G. Pignata, P. Podsiadlowski, M. L. Pumo, S. J. Prentice, A. Rau, A. Razza, A. Rest, T. Reynolds, R. Roy, A. J. Ruiter, K. A. Rybicki, L. Salmon, P. Schady, A. S. B. Schultz, T. Schweyer, I. R. Seitenzahl, M. Smith, J. Sollerman, B. Stalder, C. W. Stubbs, M. Sullivan, H. Szegedi, F. Taddia, S. Taubenberger, G. Terreran, B.van Soelen, J. Vos, R. Wainscoat, N. A. Walton, C. Waters, H. Weiland, M. Willman, P. Wiseman, D. E. Wright, L.Wyrzykowski, O. Yaron. A Kilonova as the Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-WaveSource. Nature 551 (2017): 75—79. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24303.

[8] Philip Ball. Schrodinger’s Cat Among Biology’s Pigeons: 75 Years of What Is L//fe?Nature 560 (2018): 548—550. URL: www.nature.com/articles/ d41586-018-06034-8; for Max Pemtz’s criticisms, see: MaxPerutz. ‘What Is Life?’ Fiction, Not Science. The Scientist. April 6, 1987. URL: www.the-cientist.com/books-etc-/what-is-life-fiction-not-science-63885.

[9] Джим Уотсон, интервью с Роджером Хайфилдом; январь 2018.

[10] Nick Lane, William F. Martin. The Origin of Membrane Bioenergetics. Cell 151 (2012): 1406-1416. URL: https://doi.Org/10.1016/j. cell.2012.11.050; Benedicte Menez, Celine Pisapia, Muriel Andre -ani, Frederic Jamme, Quentin P. Vanbellingen, Alain Brunelle, Laurent Richard, Paul Dumas, Matthieu Refregiers. Abiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids in the Recesses of the Oceanic Lithosphere. Nature 564 (2018): 59—63. URL: www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0684-z.

[11] Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poems, Plays, Lectures, Autobiography & Personal Letters (Musaicum Books, 2017), sec. 39.

[12] Мартин Джон Рис, лорд Рис из Лудлоу, астроном Ее величества; электронное письмо Роджеру Хайфилду, 28 января 2019 года.

Глава 2. Случай и судьба

[1] Andrzej К. Tarkowski. Experiments on the Development of Isolated Blastomeres of Mouse Eggs. Nature 184 (1959): 1286—1287. URL: www.nature.com/articles/1841286a0.

[2] Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz. Activation of Embryonic Genes During Preimplantation Rat Development. Molecular Reproduction and Development 38. No. 1 (1994): 30-35. Doi:10.1002/mrd. 1080380106.

[3] Scott F. Gilbert. Rearrangement of the Egg Cytoplasm. Developmental Biology. 6th ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2000.

[4] Daniel J. Marston, Bob Goldstein. Symmetry Breaking in C. elegans: Another Gift from the Sperm. Developmental Cell 11. No. 3 (2006): 273-274. Doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.08.007.

[5] Martin H. Johnson, Carol Ann Ziomek. The Foundation of Two Distinct Cell Lineages Within the Mouse Morula. Cell 24. No. 1 (1981): 71-80. Doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(81)90502-X.

[6] Berenika Plusa, Stephen Frankenberg, Andrew Chalmers, Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis, Catherine A. Moore, Nancy Papalopulu, Virginia E. Papaioannou, David M. Glover, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz. Downregulation of Par3 and aPKC Function Directs Cells Toward the ICMin the Preimplantation Mouse Embryo. Journal of Cell Science 118 (2005): 505-515. Doi:10.1242/jcs.01666.

[7] A. M. Dalcq. Introduction to General Embryology. London: Oxford University Press, 1957.

Глава 3. Раскрашивая клетки

[1] О. Shimomura. The Discovery of Aequorin and Green Fluorescent Protein. Journal of Microscopy 217. No. 1 (2005): 3—15. Doi: 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2005.01441 .x.

[2] Jean Livet, Tamily A. Weissman, Hyuno Kang, Ryan W. Draft, Ju Lu, Robyn A. Bennis, Joshua R. Sanes, JeffW. Lichtman. Transgenic Strategies for Combinatorial Expression of Fluorescent Proteins in the Nervous System. Nature 450 (2007): 56—62. Doi:10.1038/nature06293.

[3] Martin Chalfie, Yuan Tu, Ghia Euskirchen, William W. Ward, Douglas C. Prasher. Green Fluorescent Protein as a Marker for Gene Expression. Science 263. No. 5148 (1994): 802—805. Doi: 10.1126/ science.8303295.

[4] Alan M. Turing. On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 2-42. No. 1 (1937): 230-265. URL: https://doi.Org/10.l 112/ plms/s2-42.1.230.

[5] John B. Gurdon. The Egg and the Nucleus: A Battle for Supremacy. Nobel Lecture, December 7,2012. URL: www.nobelprize.org/prizes/ medicine/2012/gurdon/lecture.

[6] lan Wilmut, Roger Highfield. After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning. New York: Norton, 2006, 67.

[7] Stefan Wyszyn'ski. Polish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. September 26, 1982. URL: https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Poland.

[8] M. Zernicka-Goetz, J. Pines, K. Ryan, K. R. Siemering, J. Haseloff, M. J. Evans, J. B. Gurdon. An Indelible Lineage Marker for Xenopus Using a Mutated Green Fluorescent Protein. Development 122 (1996): 3719—3724. URL: http://dev.biologists.org/content/122/12/3719.

[9] Rosario Rizzuto, Marisa Brini, Paolo Pizzo, Marta Murgia, Tullo Pozzan. Chimeric Green Fluorescent Protein as a Toolfor Visualizing Subcellular Organelles in Living Cells. Current Biology 5 (1995): 635-642. URL: https://d0i.0rg/l0.1016/S0960-9822(95)00128-X; S. R. Kain, M. Adams, A. Kondepudi, T. T. Yang, W. W. Ward, P. Kitts. Green Fluorescent Protein as a Reporter of Gene Expression and Protein Localization. Biotechniques 19. No. 4 (1995): 650—655.

[10] M. Zernicka-Goetz, J. Pines, S. McLean Hunter, J. P. Dixon, K. R. Siemering, J. Haselhoff, M. J. Evans. Following Cell Fate in the Living Mouse Embryo. Development 124(1997): 1133—1137.

[11] Samuel Schmerler, Gary M. Wessel. Polar Bodies — More a Lack of Understanding Than a Lack of Respect. Molecular Reproduction and Development 78. No. 1 (2010): 3—8. Doi:10.1002/mrd.21266.

[12] Y. Verlinsky, S. Rechitsky, J. Cieslak, V. Ivakhnenko, G. Wolf, A. Lifchez, B. Kaplan, J. Moise, J. Walle, M. White, N. Ginsberg, C. Strom, A. Kuliev. Preimplantation Diagnosis of Single Gene Disorders by Two-Step Oocyte Genetic Analysis Using First and Second Polar Body. Biochemical and Molecular Medicine 62 (1997): 182-187.

[13] John Biggers. Obituary: Dame Anne McLaren. Guardian, July 10,2007. URL: www.theguardian.eom/science/2007/jul/10/uk.obituaries.

[14] Dame Anne McLaren. University of Cambridge Department of Zoology, accessed April 4,2019. URL: www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/alumni/ biographies-of-zoologists/dame-anne-mclaren.

[15] Lewis Wolpert. Triumph of the Embryo. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1991, 12.

[16] R. L. Gardner. The Early Blastocyst Is Bilaterally Symmetrical and Its Axis of Symmetry Is Aligned with the Animal-Vegetal Axis of the Zygote in the Mouse. Development 124 (1997): 289—301.

[17] R. J. Weber, R. A. Pedersen, F. Wianny, M. J. Evans, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Polarity of the Mouse Embryo Is Anticipated Before Implantation. Development 126 (1999): 5591-5598.

Глава 4. Нарушая симметрию

[1] Scott Pitnick, Greg S. Spicer, Therese A. Markow. How Long Is a Giant Sperm?Nature 375 (1995): 109.

[2] V. Grandjean, S. Fourre, D. A. F. De Abreu, M.-A. Derieppe, J.-J. Remy, M. Rassoulzadegan. RNA-Mediated Paternal Heredity of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. Scientific Reports 5 (2015): 18193. Doi: 10.1038/srep 18193; Q. Chen, M. Yan, Z. Cao, X. Li, Y. Zhang, J. Shi, G. H. Feng, H. Peng, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Qian, E. Duan, Q. Zhai, Q. Zhou. Sperm tsRNAs Contribute to Intergenerational Inheritance of an Acquired Metabolic Disorder. Science 351 (2016): 397-400. Doi: 10.1126/science.aad7977.

[3] R. L. Gardner. The Early Blastocyst Is Bilaterally Symmetrical and Its Axis of Symmetry Is Aligned with the Animal-Vegetal Axis of the Zygote in the Mouse. Development 124 (1997): 289-301.

[41 Alan M. Turing. The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society В 237. No. 641 (1952). URL: https://d0i.0rg/l 0.1098/rstb. 1952.0012.

[5] J. M. Dreiling, T. J. Gay. Chirally Sensitive Electron-Induced Molecular Breakup and the Vester- Ulbricht Hypothesis. Physical Review Letters 113. No. 11 (2014): 118103. Doi: 10.1103/PhysRev-Lett.113.118103.

[6] R. T. Liu, S. S. Liaw, P. K. Maini. Two-Stage Turing Modelfor Generating Pigment Patterns on the Leopard and the Jaguar. Physical Review E 74 (2006): 011914. Doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.011914.

[7] Stefanie Sick, Stefan Reinker, Jens Timmer, Thomas Schlake. IVNT and DKK Determine Hair Follicle Spacing Through a Reaction-Diffusion Mechanism. Science 314 (2006): 1447-1450. Doi: 10.1126/ science. 1130088.

[8] Xavier Diego, Lucaiao Marcon, Patrick Muller, James Sharpe. Key Features of Turing Systems Are Determined Purely by Network Topology. Physical ReviewX8. No. 2 (2018): 021071. Doi:10.1103/ PhysRevX.8.021071; H. Hamada. In Search of Turing In Vivo: Understanding Nodal and Lefty Behavior. Developmental Cell 22 (2012): 911-912. Doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.003.

[9] K. Piotrowska, F. Wianny, R. A. Pedersen, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Blas-tomeres Arising from the First Cleavage Division Have Distinguishable Fates in Normal Mouse Development. Development 128. No 19 (2001): 3739-3748.

[10] Ernest Just. The Relation of the First Cleavage Plane to the Entrance Point of the Sperm. Biological Bulletin 22. No. 4 (1912): 239—252. Doi: 10.2307/1535889.

[11] Y. Tsunoda, A. S. McLaren. Effect of Various Procedures on the Viability of Mouse Embryos Containing Half the Normal Number of Blas-tomeres. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 69 (1983): 315—322. Doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0690315.

[12] V. E. Papaioannou, К. M. Ebert. Mouse Half Embiyos: Viability and Allocation of Cells in the Blastocyst. Developmental Dynamics 203 (1995): 393-398. Doi: 10.1002/aja. 1002030402.

[13] R. L. Gardner. The Early Blastocyst Is Bilaterally Symmetrical and Its Axis of Symmetry Is Aligned with the Animal- Vegetal Axis of the Zygote in the Mouse. Development 124 (1997): 289—301.

[14] K. Piotrowska, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Role for Sperm in Spatial Patterning of the Early Mouse Embryo. Nature 409 (2001): 517—521. Doi: 10.1038/35054069.

[15] K. Piotrowska, F. Wianny, R. A. Pedersen, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Blas-tomeres Arising from the First Cleavage Division Have Distinguishable Fates in Normal Mouse Development. Development 128. No 19 (2001): 3739-3748.

[16] B. Plusa, K. Piotrowska, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Sperm Entry Position Provides a Surface Marker for the First Cleavage Plane of the Mouse Zygote. Genesis 32. No. 3 (2002): 193—198.

[17] Roger Highfield, Ian Wilmut. After Dolly. New York: Norton, 2006, 82.

[18] Takashi Hiiragi, Davor Solter. First Cleavage Plane of the Mouse Egg Is Not Predetermined but Defined by the Topology of the Two Apposing Pronuclei. Nature 430 (2004): 360—364.

[19] B. Plusa, A.-K. Hadjantonakis, D. Gray, K. Piotrowska-Nitsche, A. Jedrusik, V. E. Papaioannou, D. M. Glover, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Does Prepatterning Occur in the Mouse Egg? (Reply). Nature 442 (2006): E4.

[20] T. Hiiragi, V. B. Alarcon, T. Fujimori, S. Louvet-Vallee, M. Malesze-wski, Y. Marikawa, B. Maro, D. Solter. Where Do We Stand Now? Mouse Early Embryo Patterning Meeting in Freiburg, Germany (2005). International Journal of Developmental Biology 50 (2006): 581-586, discussion 586-587. Doi: 10.1387/ijdb.062181th.

[21] David M. Glover. Unfair Debate. Internationa] Journal of Developmental Biology 50 (2006): 587. Doi: 10.1387/ijdb.062181 dg.

[22] Jerzy Kosin ski. The Painted Bird. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965. На русском языке: Ежи Косинский. Раскрашенная птица (фрагменты) // Искусство кино. 1994. № 10—11.

[23] D. Gray, В. Plusa, К. Piotrowska, J. Na, В. Tom, D. М. Glover, М. Zernicka-Goetz. First Cleavage of the Mouse Embryo Responds to Change in Egg Shape at Fertilization. Current Biology 14 (2004): 397-405.

[24] Plusa et al. The First Cleavage Plane of the Mouse Zygote, 391-395; Gray et al. First Cleavage of the Mouse Embryo, 397-405.

[25] Q. Chen, J. Shi, Y. Tao, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Tracing the Origin of Heterogeneity and Symmetry Breaking in the Early Mammalian Embryo. Nature Communications 9 (2018): 1819.

[26] Anna Hupalowska, Agnieszka Jedrusik, Meng Zhu, Mark T. Bedford, David M. Glover, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz. CARM1 and Paraspeckles Regulate Pre-implantation Mouse Embryo Development. Cell 175 (2018): 1902—1916, el3, URL: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC6292842.

[27] Ibid.

Глава 5. Рождение плана тела

[1] D. Mesnard, M. Filipe, J. A. Belo, M. Zernicka-Goetz. The Anterior-Posterior Axis Emerges Respecting the Morphology of the Mouse Embryo That Changes and Aligns with the Uterus Before Gastrulation. Current Biology 14(2004): 184-196. Doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.026; S. A. Morris, Y. Guo, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Developmental Plasticity Is Bound by Pluripotency and the Fgf and Wnt Signaling Pathways. Cell Reports 2. No. 4 (2012): 756-765.

[2] Homer. The Iliad, trans. Samuel Butler, Internet Classics Archive. URL: http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/iliad.mb.txt. На русском языке см., напр., в переводе Н. И. Гнедича: Гомер. Илиада. Одиссея. М.: Художественная литература, 1967. URL: https://facetia.ru/node/3388.

[3] David Alvarez-Ponce, James О. Mclnerney. The Human Genome Retains Relics of Its Prokaryotic Ancestry: Human Genes of Archae-bacterial and Eubacterial Origin Exhibit Remarkable Differences. Genome Biology and Evolution 3 (2011): 782—790. URL: https:// doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr073.

Хотя сегодня этот взгляд ставится под сомнение, см.: Joran Martijn, Julian Vosseberg, Lionel Guy, Pierre Offre, T. J. G. Ettema. Deep Mitochondrial Origin Outside the Sampled Alphaproteobacterial. Nature 557 (2018): 101-105. Doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0059-5.

[4] A. K. Tarkowski. Mouse Chimaeras Revisited: Recollections and Reflections. International Journal of Developmental Biology 42 (1998): 903-908.

[5] Ibid: 903-908.

[6] A. K. Tarkowski. Mouse Chimaeras Developedfrom Fused Eggs. Nature 190(1961):857-860.

[7] M. Maleszewski. Early Mammalian Embryo: My Love. An Interview with Andrzej K. Tarkowski. International Journal of Developmental Biology 52. Nos. 2—3 (2008): 163—169. Doi: 10.1387/ijdb.072377mm.

[8] R. Gardner. Chimaeric Mice on the Road Towards Stem Cells. Nature 414 (2001): 393. Doi: 10.1038/35106720.

[9] Anne McLaren. Mammalian Chimaeras. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

[10] N. M. Le Douarin, F. V. Jotereau. Tracing of Cells of the Avian Thymus Through Embryonic Life in Interspecific Chimeras. Journal of Experimental Medicine 142 (1975): 17—40.

[11] С. B. Fehilly, S. M. Willadsen, E. M. Tucker. Interspecific Chimaerism Between Sheep and Goat. Nature 307 (1984): 634—636.

[12] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007. NobelPrize.org, accessed April 3, 2019. www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2007/ summary.

[13] J. Wu, A. Platero-Luengo, М. Sakurai, A. Sugawara, М. A. Gil, Т. Ya-mauchi, К. Suzuki, Y. S. Bogliotti, C. Cuello, M. Morales Valencia, D. Okumura, J. Luo, M. Vilarino, 1. Parrilla, D. A. Soto, C. A. Martinez, T. Hishida, S. Sanchez-Bautista, M. L. Martinez-Martinez, H. Wang, A. Nohalez, E. Aizawa, P. Martinez-Redondo, A. Ocampo, P. Reddy, J. Roca, E. A. Maga, C. R. Esteban, W. T. Beiggren, E. Nunez Delicado, J. Lajara, I. Guillen, P. Guillen, J. M. Campistol, E. A. Martinez, P. J. Ross, J. C. Izpisua Belmonte. Interspecies Chimerism with Mammalian Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell 168 (2017): 473-486, el5. Doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.036; G. Almeida-Porada, C. D. Porada, J. Chamberlain, A. Torabi, E. D. Zanjani. Formation of Human Hepato-cytes by Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Sheep. Blood 104 (2004): 2582-2590. Doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0259; X. Han, M. Chen, F. Wang, M. Windrem, S. Wang, S. Shanz, Q. Xu, N. A. Oberheim, N. L. Bekar, S. Betstadt, A. J. Silva, T. Takano, S. A. Goldman, M. Nedergaard. Forebrain Engraftment by Human Glial Progenitor Cells Enhances Synaptic Plasticity and Learning in Adult Mice. Cell Stem Cell 12 (2013): 342-353. Doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.12.015; M. S. Windrem, S. J. Schanz, C. Morrow, J. Munir, D. Chandler-Militello, S. Wang, S. A. Goldman. A Competitive Advantage by Neonatally Engrafted Human Glial Progenitors Yields Mice Whose Brains Are Chimeric for Human Glia. Journal of Neuroscience 34 (2014): 16153-16161. URL: www. jneurosci.org/content/34/48/16153.

[14] K. Piotrowska-Nitsche, A. Perea-Gomez, S. Haraguchi, M. Zer-nicka-Goetz. Four-cell Stage Mouse Blastomeres Have Different Developmental Properties. Development 132 (2005): 479—490.

[15] K. Piotrowska-Nitsche, A. Perea-Gomez, S. Haraguchi, M. Zer-nicka-Goetz. Four-cell Stage Mouse Blastomeres Have Different Developmental Properties. Development 132 (2005): 479-490; K. Piotrowska-Nitsche, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Spatial Arrangement of Individual 4-cell Stage Blastomeres and the Order in Which They Are Generated Correlate with Blastocyst Pattern in the Mouse Embryo. Mechanisms of Development 122. No. 4 (2005): 487-500. Doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.11.014.

[16] Piotrowska-Nitsche et al. Four-cell Stage Mouse Blastomeres, 479— 490; Morris et al. Developmental Plasticity Is Bound by Pluripotency, 756-765.

[17] Piotrowska-Nitsche, Zernicka-Goetz. Spatial Arrangement of Individual 4-Cell Stage Blastomeres, 487—500.

[18] Y. Kurotaki, K. Hatta, K. Nakao, Y. Nabeshima, T. Fujimori. Blastocyst Axis Is Specified Independently of Early Cell Lineage but Aligns with the ZP Shape. Science 316 (2007): 719—723. Doi: 10.1126/ science. 1138591.

[19] Richard L. Gardner. The Axis of Polarity of the Mouse Blastocyst Is Specified Before Blastulation and Independently of the Zona Pellucida. Human Reproduction 22. No. 3 (2007): 798—806. Doi: 10.1093/ humrep/del424.

[20] M. Bischoff, D.-E. Parfitt, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Formation of the Embryonic-Abembryonic Axis of the Mouse Blastocyst: Relationships Between Orientation of Early Cleavage Divisions and Pattern of Symmetric/Asymmetric Divisions. Development 135 (2008): 953—962. Doi:10.1242/dev.014316.

[21] M. E. Torres-Padilla, D. E. Parfitt, T. Kouzarides, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Histone Arginine Methylation Regulates Plan potency in the Early Mouse Embryo. Nature 445. No 7124 (2007): 214—218. Doi:10.1038/nature05458.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Fernando H. Biase, Xiaoyi Cao, Sheng Zhong. Cell Fate Inclination Within 2-Cell and 4-Cell Mouse Embryos Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Genome Research 24. No. 11 (2014): 1787—1796. Doi: 10.1101/gr. 177725.114; Junchao Shi, Qi Chen, Xin Li, Xiu-deng Zheng, Ying Zhang, Jie Qiao, Fuchou Tang, Yi Tao, Qi Zhou, Enkui Duan. Dynamic Transcriptional Symmetry-Breaking in Pre-implantation Mammalian Embryo Development Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Seq. Development 142 (2015): 3468—3477. Doi:10.1242/ dev. 123950.

[24] Мубин Гулам, электронное письмо Роджеру Хайфилду, 17 сентября 2018 года; Мубин Гулам, интервью с Роджером Хайфилдом, 23 августа 2018 года.

[25] М. Goolam, A. Scialdone, S. J. L. Graham, I. С. Macaulay, A. Jedrusik, A. Hupalowska, Т. Voet, J. C. Marioni, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Heterogeneity in Oct4 and Sox2 Targets Biases Cell Fate in 4-Cell Mouse Embryos. Cell 165 (2016): 61-74. Dor 10 1016/i cell.2016.01.047.

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[34] Ibid.

Глава 6. Вскрытие черного ящика

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[4] William Richard Rice. The High Abortion Cost of Human Reproduction. bioRxiv (2018): 372193.

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[7] B. Fu, Y. Zhou, X. Ni, X. Tong, X. Xu, Z. Dong, R. Sun, Z. Tian, H. Wei. Natural Killer Cells Promote Fetal Development Through the Secretion of Growth-Promoting Factors. Immunity 47 (2017): 1100-1113. Doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.018.

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[12] Ibid.

[13] I. Bedzhov, М. Zernicka-Goetz. Self-Organizing Properties of Mouse Pluripotent Cells Initiate Morphogenesis upon Implantation. Cell 156 (2014): 1032-1044. Doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.023.

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[16] M. N. Shahbazi, A. Scialdone, N. Skorupska, A. Weberling, G. Recher, M. Zhu, A. Jedrusik, L. G. Devito, L. Noli, I. C. Macaulay, C. Buecker, Y. Khalaf, D. Ilic, T. Voet, J. C. Marioni, M. Zernicka-Goetz. Pluripotent State Transitions Coordinate Morphogenesis in Mouse and Human Embryos. Nature 552 (2017): 239—243. Doi:10.1038/nature24675.

Глава 7. Надо ли использовать в исследованиях человеческие эмбрионы?

[1] Cambridge Study Named as People’s Choice for Science Magazine’s Breakthrough of the Year 2016. University of Cambridge, accessed April 4, 2019. URL: www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/cambridge-study-named-as-peoples-choice-for-science-agazines-breakthrough-of-the-year-2016. v

[2] Human Embryo Culture. Nuffield Foundation for Bioethics, August 2017. URL: http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/ Human-Embryo-Culture-web-FlNAL.pdf.

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[4] J. Rossant, P. P. L. Tam. Exploring Early Human Embryo Development. Science 360 (2018): 1075—1076. Doi: 10.1126/science.aas9302.

[5] John Rock, Miriam F. Menkin. In Vitro Fertilization and Cleavage of Human Ovarian Eggs. Science 100 (1944): 105—107. Doi: 10.1126/ science. 100.2588.105.

[6] Roy O. Greep. Min Chueh Chang 1908—1991: A Biographical Memoir. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1995. URL: www. nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/ chang-m-c.pdf.

[7] R. G. Edwards. Meiosisin Ovarian Oocytes of Adult Mammals. Nature 196 (1962): 446-450.

[8] Martin H. Johnson, Carol Ann Ziomek. The Foundation of Two Distinct Cell Lineages Within the Mouse Morula. Cell 24. No. 1 (1981): 245-262. Doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(81 )90502-X.

[9] Ibid.

[10] R. G Edwards, B. D. Bavister, P. C. Steptoe. Early Stages of Fertilization In Vitro of Human Oocytes Matured In Vitro. Nature 221 (1969): 632-635.

[11] R. G. Edwards, D. J. Sharpe. Social Values and Research in Human Embryology. Nature 231 (1971): 87-91.

[12] Monash University IVF History, accessed April 4,2019. URL: https:// monashivf.com/about-us/history/.

[13] Martin H. Johnson, Sarah B. Franklin, Matthew Cottingham, Nick Hopwood. Why the Medical Research Council Refused Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe Support for Research on Human Conception in 1971. Human Reproduction 25. No. 9 (2010): 2157—2174. Doi:10.1093/ humrep/deql55.

[14] A. Lopata, I. W. Johnston, I. J. Hoult, A. I. Speirs. Pregnancy Following Intrauterine Implantation of an Embryo Obtained by In Vitro Fertilization of a Preovulatory Egg. Fertility and Sterility 33. No.2(1980): 117-120.

[15] John Webster, email to Roger Highfield, February 24, 2019; Louise Brown. Louise Brown: 40 Years of IVF. Bristol, UK: Bristol Books, 2015,32; Duncan Wilson. The Making of British Bioethics. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2014, 152.

[16] Johnson et al. Why the Medical Research Council Refused, 2157—2174.

[17] Wilson. The Making of British Bioethics, 152.

[18] M. H. Johnson, K. Elder. The Oldham Notebooks: An Analysis of the Development of IVF 1969—1978. V. The Role of Jean Purdy Reassessed. Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online 1 (2015): 46—57. Doi: 10.1016/j.rbms.2015.04.005; M. H. Johnson. IVF: The Women Who Helped Make It Happen. Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online 8 (2019): 1—6. URL: https://doi.Org/10.1016/j. rbms.2018.11.002.

[19] Johnson, Elder. The Oldham Notebooks, 46—57.

[20] Wilson. The Making of British Bioethics, 154.

[21] «Законодательное регулирование ЭКО». Баронесса Мери Варнок, интервью с Роджером Хайфильдом для Музея науки, 4 июня 2018 года, видео, 19:19, https://youtu.be/phwVo-W-G_l.

[22] Wilson, The Making of British Bioethics, 140.

[23] Ibid.

[24] Ingmar Persson. Two Claims About Potential Human Beings. Bioethics 17. Nos. 5—6 (2003): 503—517. Doi: https://doi.org/10.lll/1467-8519.00364.

[25] Баронесса Мери Варнок, электронное письмо Роджеру Хай-филду, 21 января 2019 года.

[26] «Законодательное регулирование ЭКО», https://youtu.be/phwVo-W-G_I.

[27] Mary Warnock and the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology, Department of Health and Social Security. Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology, July 1984 (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1988). Copy on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority website. URL: www. hfea.gov.uk/media/2608/wamock-report-of-the-committee-of- in-quiry-into-humanfertilisation-and-embryology-1984.pdf.

[28] «Законодательное регулирование ЭКО», https://youtu.be/phwVo-W-GI.

[29] В основном это заслуга невролога Джона Уолтона. «Законодательное регулирование ЭКО», https://youtu.be/phwVo-W-G_I.

[30] «Законодательное регулирование ЭКО», https://youtu.be/phwVo-W-GJ.

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Глава 8. Саймон

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[2] А. К. Hadjantonakis, V. Е. Papaioannou. Dynamic In Vivo Imaging and Cell Tracking Using a Histone Fluorescent Protein Fusion in Mice. BMC Biotechnology (2004).

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[4] H. Bolton, S. J. L. Graham, N. Van der Aa, P. Kumar, K. Theunis,

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Глава 9. Как синтезировать эмбрион

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Глава 10. Новая эра синтетической биологии

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Глава 11. Танец жизни

[1] Armand Marie Leroi. The Lagoon: How Aristotle Invented Science. London: Bloomsbury Circus, 2014, 7. На русском языке: Арман Мари Леруа. Лагуна. Как Аристотель придумал науку. М.: ACT, 2019.

[2] Ibid, 181.

[3] Ibid, 162.

[4] См., напр.: Аристотель. История животных (Зоология). М.: Институт истории естествознания РАН, 1996.

[5] См.: Джозеф Нидхэм. История эмбриологии. М.: Государственное издательство иностранной литературы, 1947.

[6] Armand Marie Leroi. The Lagoon: How Aristotle Invented Science. London: Bloomsbury Circus, 2014, 108.

[7] Ibid, 39.

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