Downs R. M., Stea D. Maps in Minds. Reflections on Cognitive Mapping. New York, 1977. P. 23, 41. Отличный обзор исследований «ментальных карт» см. в работе: Шенк Б. Ментальные карты. Конструирование географического пространства в Европе со времени эпохи Просвещения // Миллер А. (ред.) Регионализация посткоммунистической Европы. Серия «Политические исследования». М.: ИННОЙ, 2001. № 4.
Said Eward W. Orientalism. New York, 1979.
Более подробный анализ немецких источников смотри в работах: Lemberg Hans. Zur Entstehung des Osteuropabegriffs im 19. Jahrhundert. Vom «Norden» zum «Osten» Europas, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, NF, 33.1985. S. 48–91; Groh Dieter, Rußland im Blick Europas. 300 Jahre historische Perspektiven. Frankfurt. 1988; Kopelev Lev (Hg.), West-östliche Spiegelungen. Reihe A. Russen und Rußland aus deutscher Sicht. Band 2, 18. Jahrhundert: Aufklärung, München, 1987.
Todorova M. Imagining the Balkans. New York, 1997; Neumann her B. The Uses of the Other. «The East» in European Identity Formation. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1999.
Подробнее о дискурсе Центральной Европы и месте в нем России см.: Миллер А. И. Тема Центральной Европы: история, современные дискурсы и место в них России // Новое литературное обозрение. 2001. № 52 (6). С. 75–96.
Brodsky Joseph. Why Milan Kundera Is Wrong About Dostoevsky? // Cross Currents. 1986. № 5. C. 477–483. Цитата со с. 481.
Neumann her В. The Uses of the Other. P. 111.
Churchill Winston. The Iron Curtain // Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat: The Speeches of Winston Churchill, ed. David Cannadine. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989. P. 303–305.
Tacitus. Germania // The Agricola and the Germania, trans. H. Mattingly and S. A. Handford. London: Penguin, 1970. P. 114.
Coxe William. Travels into Poland // Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark: Interspersed with Historical Relations and Political Inquiries. London, 1785; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971, preface.
Ségur Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur, vol. I, in Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle, vol. XIX, ed. M. Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859; Ledyard John. John Ledyard’s Journey Through Russia and Siberia 1787–1788: The Journal and Selected Letters, ed. Stephen D. Watrous. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1966.
Mansuy, Abel. Le Monde slave et les classiques français aux XVI–XVII siècles. Préface de Charles Diehl. Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, 1912. P. 8, 10.
Said Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. P. 1–3.
Bernal Martin. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, vol. I, The Fabrication of Ancient Greece 1785–1985. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1987; Chabod Federico. Storia dell’idia d’Europa. Bari: Editori Laterza, 1965. P. 82–121; Hay, Danys, Europe: The Emergence of an Idea. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1968. P. 117–127; Duroselle Jean-Baptiste. L’Idée d’Europe dans l’histoire. Paris: Denoël, 1965. P. 77–133; Tazbir Janusz. Poland and the Concept of Europe in the Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries, European Studies Review 7, no. I (Jan. 1977): 29–45.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Briefe, ed. Horst Wandrey. Zürich: Diogenes, 1982. P. 371.
Wallerstein Immanuel. The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press, 1974. P. 97.
Ibid. P. 301.
The Origins of Backwardness in the Eastern Europe: Economics and Politics from the Middle Ages Until the Early Twentieth Century. Ed. by Daniel Chirot. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1989. P. 1–15.
Segel Harold B. Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism 1470–1543. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1989. P. 13; Mączak Antoni. Progress and Under-Development in the Eyes of Renaissance and Baroque Man, Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 9 (1974): 77–94.
Mansuy A. P. 32, 56–57.
Ibid. P. 14–15.
Margeret Jacques. The Russian Empire and Grand Duchy of Muscovy: A 17th-Century French Account, trans. Chester S.L. Dunning. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1983. P. 8, 10, 23.
Smith John. Travels and Works of Captain John Smith: President of Virginia, and Admiral of New England, 1580–1631, ed. Edward Arber, Part II. Edinburgh: John Grant, 1910. P. 805, 857, 866–868.
Olearius Adam. The Travels of Olearius in Seventeenth-Century Russia, trans. Samuel H. Baron. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1967. P. 126–147; see also Leitsch Walter. Westeuropäische Reiseberichte über den Moskauer Staat // Reiseberichte als Quellen europäischer Kulturgeschichte: Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten der historischen Reiseforschung, ed. Antoni Mączak and Hans Jürgen Teuteberg. Wolfenbüttel: Herzog August Bibliothek, 1982. P. 153–176.
Milton John. A Brief History of Moscovia: And of Other Less-Known Countries Lying Eastward of Russia as far as Cathay. London: Blackamore Press, 1929. P. 32.
Boswell James. The Life of Samuel Johnson, ed. Frank Brady. New York: New American Library, 1968. P. 236–237.
Elias Norbert. The History of Manners, trans. Edmund Jephcott. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978. P. 44–50; Moras Joachim.Ursprung und Entwicklung des Begriffs der Zivilisation in Frankreich (1756–1830), in Hamburger Studien zu Volkstum und Kultur der Romanen, vol. 6. Hamburg: Seminar für romanische Sprachen und Kultur, 1930. P. 4–8, 32–43, 46–47, 55–57, 63; Febvre Lucien. Civilisation: Evolution of a Word and a Group of Ideas // A New Kind of History: From the Writtings of Febvre, ed. Peter Burke, trans. K. Folca. New York: Harper and Row, 1973. P. 219–257.
Sègur I. P. 329–330.
Balzac Honoré de. Cousin Bette, trans. Marion Ayton Crawford. London: Penguin, 1965. P. 229–230.
Wolff Larry. The Vatican and Poland in the Age of the Partitions: Diplomatic and Cultural Encounters at the Warsaw Nunciature. New York and Boulder: Columbia Univ. Press, East European Monographs, 1988. P. 178.
Garton Ash Timothy. Does Central Europe Exist? The New York Review of Books (Oct. 9, 1986), republished in The Uses of Adversity: Essays on the Fate of Central Europe. New York: Random House, 1989. P. 179–213; Garton Ash, Timothy. Mitteleuropa? Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 119, no. I (Winter 1990): Eastern Europe… Central Europe… Europe. P. 1–21; Kumar Krishan. The 1989 Revolutions and the Idea of Europe, Political Studies 40 (1992): 439–461: Evans R.J.W. Essay and Reflection: Frontiers and National Identities in Central Europe, The International History Review 14, no. 3 (Aug. 1992). P. 480–502; Okey Pobin. Central Europe/Eastern Europe: Behind the Definitions, Past and Present 137 (Nov. 1992). P. 102–133; Neumann Iver B. Russia as Central Europe’s Constituting Other, East European Politics and Societies 7, no. 2 (Spring 1993). P. 349–369.
Gorbachev Mikhail. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World. New York: Harper and Row, Perennial Library, 1988. P. 177, 180.
Ségur L.-P., comte de. Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. I // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XIX. Ed. M. Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librarie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 288–289, 293 [В переводе цитат из воспоминаний Сегюра использован старый анонимный перевод его «Записок»: Русский архив. 1907. № 9–11. — Примеч. ред.]
Ibid. P. 293.
Ibid. P. 300.
Ibid.
Ibid. P. 301.
Ibid. P. 302.
Ibid. P. 301.
Ibid. P. 316–317.
Ibid. P. 329–330.
Ibid. P. 332–333.
Ibid. P. 333.
Ibid. P. 399.
Ségur Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. II // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XX / Ed. M. Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librarie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 93.
Ibid.
Ibid. Vol. I. P. 356.
Seven Britons in Imperial Russia 1698–1812. Ed. by P. Putnam. Princeton (N.J.): Princeton Univ. Press, 1952. P. 237–241; см. также: Сохе, William // Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. IV. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, [s.a.]. P. 1346–47.
Mead W. E. The Grand Tour in the Eighteenth Century. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914. P. 4.
Coxe W. Travels into Poland // Coxe W. Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark: Interspersed with Historical Relations and Political Inquiries. London, 1785 [репринт: N.Y.: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971]. P. 122.
Ibid. P. 125.
Ibid. P. 148–149.
Craven E. A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople: In a Series of Letters from the Right Honourable Elizabeth Lady Craven, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of brandenbourg, anspach, and Bareith, Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI. Dublin, 1789 [репринт: N.Y.: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970]. P. 158.
Coxe W. Op. cit. P. 186–187.
Ségur L.-F. Op. cit. Vol. I. P. 329; Coxe W. Op. cit. P. 150.
Coxe W. Op. cit. P. 191, 197, 199.
Ibid. P. 193.
Ibid. P. 142, 188, 201, 205.
Ibid. P. 143–144.
Ibid. P. 209.
Ibid.
Ibid. P. 209–210.
Ibid. P. 205; Coxe, Travels into Poland and Russia // Travels in Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, 5th ed. (London, 1802; reprinted New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970), I. P. 251.
Coxe. Travels into Poland and Russia, I. P. 255–256, 272; см. также: Anthony Cross. British Knowledge of Russian Culture (1968–1801) // Canadian-American Slavic Studies 13, no.4 (Winter 1979): 412–435.
Coxe. Travels into Poland and Russia, I. P.267, 270.
Ibid., I. P. 271–272; II. P. 68–69.
Ibid., I. P. 268.
Ibid., I. P. 277.
Ibid., I. P. 283.
Ibid., I. P. 283–285.
Ibid., I. P. 287–289.
Ibid., I. P. 306–307.
Ibid., II. P. 66, 69, 70.
Ibid., II. P. 62, 64, 67, 72.
Ibid., II. P. 77, 91–94.
Ibid., II. P. 97–98.
Ibid., II. P. 107.
Ibid., II. P. 104, 134.
Ibid., II. P. 121–122.
Ibid., II. P. 140, 156.
Montagu Lady Mary Mortley. The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, ed. Robert Halsband, Vol. I (1708–1720) (Oxford: Claredon Press, 1965). P. 293–296.
Ibid. P. 295–297.
Ibid. P. 297.
Antalffy Gyula. A Thousand Years of travel in Old Hungary, trans. Elisabeth Hoch (Hungary: Kner, 1980). P. 220.
Montagu. P. 297–299.
Ibid. P. 301–303.
Ibid. P. 305.
Antalffy. P. 114–118.
Montagu. P. 307.
Ibid. P. 304, 316.
Ibid. P. 313–314, 320.
Ibid. P. 309–310, 312.
Ibid. P. 337.
Salaberry // La Grand Encyclopédie (Paris: Librarie Larousse, 1886–1902). Vol. 29. P. 326–327; Carra Jean-Louis. Historié de la Moldavie et de la Valachie (Jassy: Société Typographique des Deux-Points, 1777). P. XV.
Salaberry d’Irumberry, Charles-Marie, marquis de. Voyage à Constantinopole, en Italie, et aux oles de l’Archipel, par l’Allemagne et la Hongrie (Paris: Imprimirie de Crapelet, 1799). P. 65–66, 69.
Ibid. P. 76, 81.
Ibid. P. 82–83.
Antalffy. P. 189–192.
Salaberry. P. 86, 91–92.
Ibid. P. 97–98.
Antalffy. P. 194, 201.
Salaberry. P. 102–104, 110.
Ibid. P. 100–101.
Ibid. P. 124.
Ibid. P. 82, 125; Montagu. P. 340.
Salaberry. P. 134, 138.
Ibid. P. 143.
Montagu. P. 358; Salaberry. P. 145.
Salaberry. P. 214–216.
Ibid. P. 167.
Ibid. P. 184–186.
Ibid. P. 152.
Ibid. P. 148.
Casanova Giacomo. History of My Life. Trans. Willard Trask, Vol. 10 (London: Longman, 1971). P. 99.
Ibid. P. 110–112.
Ibid. P. 112–113.
Palmer R. R., Colton, Joel. The Transformation of Eastern Europe, 1648–1740 // A History of the Modern World, 3rd. Ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965). P. 174; см. также: Blum Jerome. The Rise of Serfdom in Eastern Europe. American Historical Review 62, no.4 (July 1957): 807–836.
Casanova. History of My Life. P. 159.
Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767. Ed. W.F.Reddaway (1931; New York: Russel à Russel, 1971). P. 159.
Casanova, History of My Life. P. 135.
Ibid. P. 114–116; Casanova Giacomo. The Life and Memoirs of Casanova, Vol. I, trans. Arthur Machen. Ed. George Dunning Gribble (1929; reprinted New York: Da Capo, 1984). P. 320.
Casanova. History of My Life. P. 114–115.
Ibid. P. 114–116.
Ibid. P. 119.
Casanova. The Life and Memoirs. P. 139.
Casanova. History of My Life. P. 120.
Ibid. P. 130.
Ibid. P. 118.
Ibid. P. 121.
Ibid. P. 121–122.
Sade. Juliette. Trans. Austryn Wainhouse. New York: Grove Press, 1968. P. 891.
Casanova. History of My Life. P. 124–125.
Ibid. P. 125.
Ibid. P. 127.
Ibid. P. 129–130.
Ibid. P. 131.
Ibid. P. 138–142.
Ibid. P. 132.
Ibid. P. 133.
Ibid. P. 154.
Ibid. P. 156.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid. P. 177.
Ibid. P. 202.
Ibid.
Ségur, Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. I // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XIX. Ed. M.Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librarie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 300, 329.
Ibid., I. P. 331.
Ibid., I. P. 432.
Ibid., I. P. 343.
Ibid., I. P. 345.
Ibid., I. P. 338–340.
Ibid., I. P. 341–343.
Ségur Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoirse, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. II // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XX. Ed. M.Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librarie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 9–10.
Ibid., I. P. 336–337.
Ibid., II. P. 79.
Ibid., II. P. 80.
Ibid.
Ibid., II. P. 165–168.
Morison Samuel Eliot. John Paul Jones: A Sailor’s Biography (1959; New York: Times Incorporated, 1964). P. 338–393.
Ibid. P. 13.
Ibid. P. 406–409; Ségur, II. P. 166.
Ségur, II. P. 170, 178.
Lewis Bernard. The Emergence of Modern Turkey, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1968. P. 48–49.
Tott François de. Mémoires du baron de Tott sur les Turcs et les Tartars. Amsterdam, 1785. Discours préliminaire. P. vii — xxi; Tott. Premiere partie (I). P. 5.
Tott. Second parie (II). P. 6; см. также: Vernois A.M.F. Verdy du. Essais de Géographie, de Politique, et d’Histoire sur les possessions de l’Empereur des Turcs en Europe: pour servir de suite aux Mémoirs du Baron de Tott. London, 1785.
Tott, II. P. 11.
Ibid., II. P. 12–13.
Ibid., II. P. 14–15.
Montagu Lady Mary Wortley. The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Ed. Robert Halsband. Vol. I (1708–1720). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965). P. 311.
Tott, II. P. 17.
Ibid., II. P. 18–20.
Ibid., II. P. 21–23.
Craven Elizabeth. A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople: In a Series of Letters from the right Honourable Elizabeth Lady Craven, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandebourg, Anspach, and Bareith, Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI. Dublin, 1785; reprinted New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970. P. 372, 382.
Coxe William. Travels in Poland and Russia.
Ibid., I. P. 391.
Ibid., I. P. 392–393.
Ibid., I. P. 392.
Ibid., II. P. 74.
Ibid.
Ibid., I. P. 390.
Antalffy Gyula. A Thousand Years of Travel in Old Hungary, trans. Elisabeth Hoch. Hungary: Kner, 1980. P. 198–201.
Salaberry d’Irumberry Charles-Marie, marquis. Voyage à Constantinople, en Italie, et aux oles de l’Archipel, par l’Allemagne et la Hongrie. Paris: Imprimerie de Crapelet, 1799. P. 89.
Ibid. P. 95.
Coxe. Travels in Poland and Russia, III. P. 116–117; see also Cross Anthony. The Philanthropist, the Travelling Tutor, and the Empress: British Visitors and Catherine II’s Plans for Penal and Medical Reform // Russia and the World of the Eighteenth Century, eds. R. P. Barlett, A. G. Cross, and Karen Rasmussen. Columbus, Ohio: Slavic Publishers, 1988. P. 214–228.
III. P. 110.
Ibid., 110–111.
Ibid.
Sade. Julliette. P. 882, 885.
Marshall Joseph. Travels Through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769 and 1770. London, 1772: rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971. P. 126, 167, 243.
Parkinson John. A Tour of Russia, Siberia, and the Crimea, 1792–1794, ed. William Collier. London: Frank Cass, 1971. P. 11.
Marshall. P. 142, 174, 151.
Montesquieu Charles Secondat, baron. The Spirit of the Laws. Trans. Thomas Nugent. New York: Hafner, 1949. Vol. I. P. 235; 3.
Marshall. P. 146, 196.
Ibid. P. 188.
Ibid. P. 122, 270–271, 308.
Seven Britons in Imperial Russia 1698–1812. Ed. by Peter Putman. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1952. P. 125–140; and «Richardson, William», Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Univ. Press. Vol. XVI. P. 1139.
Richardson William. Anecdotes of the Russian Empire: In a Series of Letters Written, a Few Years Ago, from St. Petersburg. London, 1784; rpt. London: Frank Cass, 1968. P. 51–54, 203–206.
Ibid. P. 6, 475.
Ibid. P. 68–70, 215, 247.
Ibid. P. 374–375; see also Venturi Franco. From Scotland to Russia: An Eighteenth-Century Debate on Feudalism, In Great Britain and Russia in the Eighteenth Century: Contacts and Comparisons. Ed. Anthony Cross. Newtonville, Mass.: Oriental Research Partners, 1979. P. 2–24.
Richardson. P. 193.
Ibid. P. 193–196, 222.
Ibid. P. 39, 417.
Ibid. P. 233.
Ibid. P. 197.
Ibid. P. 199.
Ibid. P. 239.
Ibid. P. 240–241.
Ibid. P. 242–243.
Ibid. P. 241.
Ibid. P. 244–249.
Ibid. P. 253–254, 453; and Davis David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1966. Chapter XIII.
Coxe. Travels in Poland and Russia. III. P. 135.
Ibid., III. P. 135.
Ibid., III. P. 134–135, 152–153.
Ibid., III. P. 158.
Ibid., III. P. 156.
Voltaire. Histoire de Charles XII. Paris: Garnier-Flammarion, 1968. P. 44; см. также: Gossman, Lionel. Voltaire’s Charles XII: History into art // Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. Ed. Theodore Besterman. Vol. XXV. Geneva: Institut et Musée Voltaire, 1963. P. 691–720; Brumfitt J.H. Voltaire: Historian. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1958. P. 5–25; Diaz Furio. Voltaire Storico, Turin: Giulio Einaudi, 1958. P. 77–109.
Voltaire. Histoire de Charles XII. P. 49.
Ibib. P. 53, 68–72.
Ibib. P. 118, 123–124.
Ibib. P. 126; Foucault Michel. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York: Vintage Books, 1973. P. 144.
Voltaire. Histoire de Charles XII. P. 129–130.
Ibib. P. 125.
Ibib. P. 157–158.
Ibib. P. 115.
Ibib. P. 202–203; Salaberry d’Irumberry Charles-Marie, marquis de. Voyage à Constantinople, en Italie, et aux oles de l’Archipel, par l’Allemagne et la Hongrie. Paris: Imprimerie de Crapelet, 1799. P. 146.
Voltaire. Histoire de Charles XII. P. 60, 97, 124, 130; Foucault Michel. Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. P. 215.
Linnaeus Carolus. Systema Naturae, 1735; Facsimile of the First Edition. Eds. M.S.J. Engel-Ledeboer, H. Engel. Niewkoop: B. De Gaaf, 1964. P. 19.
Lessing Gotthold Ephraim. Zeitungsartikel und Rezensionen: Berlinische prvilegirte Zeitung, 1751 //Werke. Vol. VIII. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 1970. P. 159–160.
Lessing Gotthold Ephraim. Der Horoskop //Werke. Vol. VIII. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 1970. P. 196–204.
Herder Johan Gottfried. Journal meiner Reise im Jahr 1769. Ed. Katharina Mommsen. Stuttgart: Philip Reclam, 1976. P. 78.
Voltaire. Le Russe à Paris // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 10. Paris, 1978; rpt. Leichtenstein: Kraus Reprints Limited, 1967. P. 119–131.
Marat Jean-Paul. Polish Letters. Boston, 1905; rpt. New York: Bejamin Blom, 1971. I. P. 200.
Ibid., I. P. 101–122, 123, 147, 167.
Ibid., I. P. 168, 172, 180, 211.
Ibid., P. 1–3.
Miss Porter Jane. Thaddeus of Warsaw: A Tale Founded on Polish Heroism. New York: A.L. Burt, n.d. P.ix; Balzac Honoré de. Cousin Bette. Trans. Marion Ayton Crawford. London: Penguin, 1965. P. 73; Eliot George. Middlemarch. Ed. W.J. Harvey. London: Penguin, 1965; Alcott Louisa May. My Boys // Aunt Jo’s Scrapbag. Ed. Helen Martin. Boston: Little, Brown, 1929. P. 326.
Marat Jean-Paul. Polish Letters. I. P. 106, 114, 181; II. P. 65, 136–137, 199.
Ibid., II. P. 211–212.
Rousseau Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract. Trans. Maurice Cranston. London: Penguin, 1968. P. 49; Marat Jean-Paul. Polish Letters. II. P. 213.
Raspe Rudolf Eric. The Travels and Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen. London; Daedalus, 1988. P. 9; Raspe, Rudolf Eric // Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Univ. Press. Vol. XVI. P. 744–746; Adams, Percy g. Travelers and Travel Liars, 1660–1800. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1962. P. 216–217.
Raspe. P. 10–12.
Ibid. P. 13, 17.
Ibid. P. 23–24.
Ibid. P. 23.
Ibid. P. 75; Sade Marquis de. Juliette. Trans Austryn wainhouse. New York: Grove Press, 1968. P. 875.
Raspe. P. 29.
Richardson William. Anecdotes of the Russian Empire; In a Series of Letters Written, a Few Years Ago, from St. Petersburg. London, 1784; rpt. London: Frank Cass, 1968. P. 177.
Coxe William. Travels in Poland and Russia // Travels in Poland, Russia. Sweden, and Denmark. 5th ed. London: 1802; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970. II. P. 244–245; Raspe. P. 32–37.
Raspe. P. 28.
Ibid. P. 191–192.
Ibid. P. 240–248.
Ibid. P. 253.
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus. Briefe. Ed. Hosrt Wandrey. Zürich: Diogenes, 1982. P. 370–371.
Nettl Paul. Mozart in Böhmen, neubearbeitete und erweiterte Ausgabe von Rudolf Freiherm von Prochazkas Mozart in Prag. Prague: Verlag Neumann, 1938. P. 96–97.
Grimm Friedrich Melchior von. The Little Prophet of Boehischbroda // Source Readings in Music History: The Classic Era. Ed. Oliver Strunk. New York: Norton, 1965. P. 60–61.
Piozi Hester Lynch. Observations and Reflections: Made in the Course of Journey Through France, Italy, and Germany. Ed. Herbert Barrows. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1967. P. 383.
Nettl. P. 57–65
Mörike Eduard. Mozart on the Way to Prague. Trans. Walter Aphilips, Catherine Alison Philips // German Novellas of Realism. I. Ed. Jeffrey L. Sammons. New York: Continuum, 1989. P. 255; Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus. Mozarts Briefe. Ed. Wilhelm A. Bauer, Otto Erich Deutsch. Frankfurt: Fischer Bbcherei, 1960. P. 149.
Casanova Giacomo. Casanva’s Isocameron. Trans. Rachel Zurer. New York: Jenna Press, 1986. P. 20–22.
Nettl. P. 158.
De Ponte Lorenzo. Memorie // Memorie, I libretti mozartiani: Le Nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, Cosm fan tutte. Milan: Garzanti, 1981. P. 129.
Madariaga Isabel de. Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great. New Haven, Conn.; Yale Univ. Press, 1981. P. 534; Steptow Andrew. The Mozart-Da Ponte Operas: The Cultural and Musical Background to Le Noze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, and Cosm fa tutte. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. P. 39.
Nettl. P. 79–80.
Ibid. P. 193.
Ibid. P. 201–202.
Ibid. P. 216–221.
De Ponte. Memorie. P. 168–169.
Ibid. P. 141–142.
Nettl. P. 207–208.
Ibid. P. 238.
Fabre Jean. Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski et l’Europe des Lumières: Etude de Cosmopolitisme. Paris: Edition Ophrys, 1952. P. 462.
De Ponte Lorenzo. Così fan tutte // Memorie, I libretti mozartiani: Le Nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, Così fan tutte. Milan: Garzanti, 1981. P. 1622.
Ibid. P. 680.
Ibid. P. 685.
Pezzl Johan. Sketch of Vienna // H.C. Robbins Laddon. Mozart and Vienna. New York: Schrirmer, 1991. P. 65–66.
Hauterive Alexandre-Maurice Blanc de Lanautte, comte d’ Journal inédit d’un voiage: de Constantinople à Jassi, capitale de la Moldavie dans l’hiver de 1785 // Mémoire sut l’état ancien et actuel de la Moldavie: Présenté S.A.S le prince Alexandre Ypsilanti, Hospodar régnant, en 1787, par le comte d’Hauterive. Bucharest: L’Institut d’arts graphiques Carol Gobi, 1902. P. 286; см. также: Hauterive // La Grande Encyclopédie. Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1886–1902. Vol. 19. P. 935–936.
Hauterive. P. 301, 305.
Ibid. P. 295.
Ibid. P. 299.
Ibid. P. 293, 304.
Ibid. P. 302–304.
Ibid. P. 305.
Ibid. P. 306–307.
Ibid. P. 307–308.
Ibid. P. 309–310.
Ibid. P. 310–311.
Ibid. P. 312.
Ibid. P. 311–313.
Ibid. P. 315.
Ibid. P. 317.
Ibid. P. 318.
Ibid. P. 323.
Ibid. P. 327.
Craven Elizabeth. A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople: In a series of Letters from the Right Honorable Elizabeth Lady Crave, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandenbourg, Anspach, and Bareith, Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI. Dublin, 1789; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970. P. 361–362; см. также: Anspach, Elizabeth. // Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford univ. Press). Vol. I. P. 508–509.
Craven. P. 372, 377, 380.
Ibid. P. 392–396.
Ibid. P. 401–409.
Ibid. P. 5
Ibid. P. 146, 153, 156–157, 161–162.
Ibid. P. 171–172.
Ibid. P. 167–171.
Ibid. P. 168, 174–175.
Goethe Johan Wolfgang von. Italian Journey: 1786–1788. Trans. W.H. Auden, Elizabeth Mayer. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1982. P. 115–116.
Goethe Johan Wolfgang von. Iphigenia in Tauris. Trans. Charles E. Passage. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1963. P. 21–22.
Craven. P. 184, 191.
Ibid. P. 194, 200, 205, 214–217.
Ibid. P. 225.
Ibid. P. 233–234.
Ibid. P. 234.
Ibid. P. 247.
Ibid. P. 248–249.
Ibid. P. 249.
Ségur Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoirse, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. II // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XX. Ed. M. Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 87.
Ségur Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. I // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XIX. Ed. M. Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 428–429.
Ibid., I. P. 425.
Ibid., II. P. 43, 41.
Ibid., I. P. 429.
Ibid. P. 429–430, 434.
Ibid. P. 436.
Ibid. P. 436–437.
Ibid. P. 438–439.
Ibid., II. P. 1–2.
Ibid. P. 4.
Ibid. P. 6.
Ibid., I. P. 422–423; II. P. 14.
Ibid., II. P. 13, 30.
Ligne Charles-Joseph, prince de. Correspondance et pensées du Porince de Ligne // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XX. Ed. M. Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 9–10
Ségur, II. P. 21.
Ibid. P. 30–36.
Ibid. P. 32, 41–43; Ligne. P. 69.
Ségur, II. P. 44.
Ibid., I. P. 423; Ligne. P. 70–71.
Ségur, II. P. 51, 55; Ligne. P. 75.
Ségur, II. P. 47.
Ibid. P. 54.
Ibid. P. 57–58; Goethe. Italian Journey. P. 318.
Ligne. P. 71; Goethe. Italian Journey. P. 318.
Ségur, I. P. 374.
Ibid., II. P. 60; Ligne. P. 88.
Ségur, P. 63–65.
Ibid. P. 64.
Ligne. P. 73–74.
Ibid. P. 92.
Ségur, II. P. 76–70; Alexander John T. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989. P. 260.
Ligne. Р. 77–81; Goethe. Italian Journey. P. 26, 116, 124.
Ligne. P. 28.
Ibid. P. 82–85.
Ségur, II. P. 72.
Ibid. P. 72–74.
Ligne. P. 89.
Ségur, II. P. 85.
Ibid. P. 96–97.
Ibid. P. 97.
Ligne. P. 86.
Ségur, II. P. 88.
Ibid. P. 90.
Ibid. P. 87–89.
Voltaire. Histoire de Charles XII (Paris: Garnier-Flammarion, 1968). P. 13; Harley J.B. Maps, Knowledge, and Power. The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representationn, Design and Use of Past Environments, ed. Denis Cosgrove and Stephen Daniels (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). P. 277–312.
Sanson Nicolas. Nouvelle introduction à la Geographie pour l’usage de Monseigneur le Dauphin: Par laquelle on apprendre en peu de temps et avec facilité la Geographie, et la Division de toutes les parties du Monde: les Empires, les Monarchies, Royaumes et Etats qui le composent separament. Paris: Chez Hubert Jaillot, 1696. P. 25.
Bagrow Leo. History of Cartography. 2nd ed. Ed. R.A. Scelton. Trans. D.L. Paisey. Chicago: Precedent Publishing, 1985. P. 174–175; см. также: Bagrow Leo. A History of Cartography of Russia up to 1600. Ed. Henry W.Castner. Ontario: Walker Press, 1957; Bagrow Leo. A History of Russian Cartography up to 1800. Ed. Henry W. Castner. Ontario: Walker Press, 1975.
Vaugondy Robert de. Atlas Universel. Vol. I. Paris, 1757. P. 22.
Mohrenschildt Dmitri von. Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936. P. 212.
Coxe William. Travels in Poland and Russia // Travels in Poland, Russia. Sweden, and Denmark. 5th ed. London: 1802; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970. III. P. 210–211.
Anderson M.S. Britain’s Discovery of Russia 1553–1815. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985. P. 80.
Fabre Jean. Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski et l’Europe des Lumières: Etude de Cosmopolitisme. Paris: Edition Ophrys, 1952. P. 380, 486, 669, note 62.
Fabre. P. 381.
Marshall Joseph. Travels Through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769 and 1770. London, 1772; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971. P. 179–180.
Ibid. P. 179, 183.
Craven Elizabeth. A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople: In a series of Letters from the Right Honorable Elizabeth Lady Crave, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandenbourg, Anspach, and Bareith, Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI. Dublin, 1789; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970.
Robert. Atlas Universel. P. 30.
Ibid. P. 21, 30.
Ibid. P. 30; см. также: Dainville François de. S.J., Le Langage de Géographes: Termes, Signes, Colers des Cartes Anciennes 1500–1800. Paris: Editions A. et J. Picard, 1964.
Robert. Atlas Universel. P. 23.
Zamoyski Adam. The Polish Way: A thousand-Year History of the Poles and Their Cultur. New York: Franklin Watts, 1988, figure 112; Marshall. P. 184.
Davies Norman. God’s Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. I New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1984. P. 542.
Wandycz Piotr. The United States and Poland. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1980. P. 49.
Sanson. P. 3–7.
Parker W.H. Europe: How Far? // The Geographical Journal 126, Part 3 (Sept. 1960): 285.
Mansuy Abel. Le Monde Slave et les Classiques Français aux XVIe — XVIIe siècles, préface de Charles Diehl. Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, 1912. P. 10–11; Parker. P. 128.
Mansuy. P. 16.
Samuel Fiszman. The Significance of the Polish Renaissance and Barogue for Eastern Slavic Nations. In The Polish Renaissance in its European Context, ed. Samuel Fiszman. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1988. P. 238–242.
Bassin Mark. Russia Between Europe and Asia: The Ideological Construction of Geographical Space // Slavic Review 50, no. 1 (Spring 1991); 5–7.
Strahlenberg Philipp Johann von. An Historico-Geographical Description of the North and Eastern Parts of Europe and Asia; But more particularly of Russia, Siberia, and Great Tartary; Both in their Ancient and Modern State: Together with an Entire New Polyglot-Table of the Dialects of 32 Tartarian Nations; As Also, a Large and Accurate Map of those Countries; and variety of Cuts, representing Asiatick-Scythian Antiquities. Written Originally in High German by Mr. Philip John von Strahlenberg, a Swedish Officer, Thirteen Years Captive in Those Parts. London: J. Brotherton, J. Hazard, W. Medows, T. Cox, T. Astley, S. Austen, L. Gulliver, and C. Corbet, 1738. P. 16–17.
Parker. P. 287.
Homann. Europa. Nürnberg, 1820 (коллекция карт Гарвардского унивеситрета); Desnos. L’Europe divisée selon l’étendue de ses principales parties. Paris, 1772 (Гарвард).
Delisle. L’Europe. Paris, 1700 (Гарвард); Haas. Europa. Nürnberg, 1743; rpt. 1777 (Гарвард).
Robert. Atlas Universel. P. 21.
Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous le Pierre le Grand // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 16 (Paris, 1787; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint Limited, 1976). P. 408.
Antalffy Gyula. A Thousand Years of Travel in Old Hungary. Trans. Elizabeth Hoch (Hungary: Kner, 1980). P. 117–118.
Köpeszi Béla. La France et la Hongrie au début du XVIII siècle: Etude d’histoire des relations diplomatiques et d’histoire des idées. Budapest: Akadémi Kiadó, 1917. P. 537–538; Antalffy. P. 172.
Anderson. P. 62.
Strahlenberg. P. 5–6.
Anderson. P. 85; Mohrenschildt. P. 187; Cox Edward Godfrey. A Reference Guide to the Literature of Travel. Vol. I. (Univ. of Washington Publications in Latin and Literature. Volume 9, November 1935; rpt. New tork: Greenwood Press, 1969). P. 194.
Lortholary Albert. Le Mirage russe en France au XVIII siècle. Paris: Boivin, 1951. P. 61.
Köpeszi. P. 376, 528.
Ibid. P. 381, 585–586.
Ibid. P. 458.
Ibid. P. 455, 464, 470, 473, 481, 485–486.
Ibid. P. 346–349, 546.
Ibid. P. 386, 488.
Ibid. P. 593.
Moll. A New Map of Germany, Hungary, Transylvania, and the Suisse, 1712 (Гарвард); Zrner. Europa, 1712 (Гарвард); Delisle. Carte d’Europe. Paris, 1724 (Гарвард); De Witt. Acuratissima Europae. Amsterdam, 1730 (Гарвард).
Homann. Europa. Nürnberg, 1720 (Гарвард); Homann. Europa. Nürnberg, 1730 (Гарвард); Haas. Europa. Nürnberg, 1743; rpt. 1777 (Гарвард).
Guedeville Nicolas. Dissertation sur la Hongrie et sur la Boheme // Atlas Historique ou Nouvelle Introduction à l’Histoire, à la Chronologie, et à la Geographie Ancienne et Moderne. Vol. II. Henri Abraham Châtelin. Amsterdam: Chez l’Honoréà Châtelain, 1720.
Carte Ancienne et Moderne: Des Différents Etats et Pays au long du Danube // Atlas Historique (1720).
Carte Genealogique des Rois de Hongrie et de Boheme; et l’Abrégé du Gouvernement de ces deux Royaumes // Atlas Historique (1720).
Gueudeville. Atlas Historique (1720).
Carte du Royaume de Boheme // Atlas Historique (1720).
Nouvelle Carte de la Hongrie // Atlas Historique (1720).
Köpeszi. P. 522–524.
Gueudeville. Atlas Historique (1720). P. 68–71.
Roider Karl A. Austria’s Eastern Question 1700–1790. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1982. P. 44.
Ibid. P. 52.
Ibid. P. 57.
Voltaire. Histoire de Charles XII. P. 89–90; Besterman Theodore. Voltaire, 3rd ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976. P. 640.
Fabre Jean. Stanislas Leszczynsky et le mouvement philosophique en France au XVIII siècle // Pierre Francastel (ed.) Utopie et Institutions au XVIII siècle: Le Pragmatism des Lumières. (Paris and the Hague: Mouton: 1963). P. 25–41; см. также: Rostworowski Emmanuel. Stanislaw Leszczynski et les Lumires à la Polonaise // Pierre Francastel (ed.) Utopie et Institutions au XVIII siècle: Le Pragmatism des Lumières. Paris and the Hague: Mouton: 1963. P. 15–24.
Jaucourt Louis de. Pologne // Encyclopédie: ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, nouvelle impression en facsimilé de la première édition de 1751–1780. Stuttgart: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1967. Vol. XII. P. 931.
Robert. Atlas Universel. P. 35.
Vaugondy Robert de. A New and Accurate Map of Europe. London, 1770 (Гарвард).
Roider. P. 72–73, 80.
Anderson. P. 83; Robert. Atlas Universel. P. 30.
Voltaire. Histoire de la guerre de 1741. Paris: Editions Garnier Frres, 1971. P. 33.
Ibid. P. 33–34.
Lavicka Jan. Voltaire et la Bohême. Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. Vol. 219. Oxford: Voltaire Foundaition, 1983. P. 109.
Köpeszi. P. 553.
Anderson. P. 139–140; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous le Pierre le Grand. P. 405.
Gusdord Georges. Les Principes de la pensée au siècle des lumières. Paris: Payot, 1971. P. 128.
L’Histoire de mon temps // Oeuvres posthumes de Fréderic II, roi de Prusse. Vol. I. Berlin: Chez Voss, 1788. P. 69.
Goldsmith Oliver. The Citizen of the World. (London: J.M. Dent, 1934). Chapter LXXXVII. P. 240–241.
James Porter, Turkey; Its History and Progress: From the Journals and Correspondence of Sir James Porter. Vol. I. London: Hurts and Blackett, 1854. P. 8.
Letter from Lady Porter to her sister, Mdlle de Hochepied, at Pera, containing an account of Sir James Porter’s journey from Constantinople to London, with two children, Greek nurse and servant, and accompanied by several gentlemen; among others, the learned Jesuit, Father Boscowitz, who has published a detail of this journey // Porter James. Turkey; Its History and Progress: From the Journals and Correspondence of Sir James Porter. Vol. I. London: Hurts and Blackett, 1854. P. 379.
Letter from Lady Porter. P. 374.
Boscovich // Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. XIII. Rome, 1971. P. 221–230.
Boscovich Ruggiero Guiseppe. Giornale di un Viaggio da Constantinopoli in Polonia dell’abbate Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich. Milan: Giordano Editore, 1966. P. 5.
Ibid. P. 86, 110.
Ibid. P. 3–4.
Ibid. P. 6.
Ibid. P. 8.
Rocque. Carte Generale des Postes de l’Europe, 1758 (Гарвард).
Ibid. P. 21–22.
Ibid. P. 31.
Ibid. P. 34.
Ibid. P. 35.
Ibid. P. 37–42, 50.
Ibid. P. 59–62.
Ibid. P. 62
Ibid. P. 69–71.
Ibid. P. 74, 79, 87, 102.
Ibid. P. 72–75, 89–90.
Ibid. P. 90–92, 106–107.
Ibid. P. 125–126.
Ibid. P. 122, 127–128.
Ibid. P. 65.
Letter from Lady Porter. P. 377.
Ibid. P. 390.
Boscovich. P. 9.
Haas. Europa. Nürnberg, 1743; rpt. 1777 (Гарвард); Le Voyage d’un Danois, 1744 (Гарвард).
Boscovich. P. xx, 190–191.
Darnton Robert. The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie 1775–1800. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1979. P. 8.
Bulgarie // Encyclopédie. Vol. II. P. 462.
Boheme // Encyclopédie: ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, nouvelle impression en facsimilé de la première édition de 1751–1780. Stuttgart: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1967. Vol. II. P. 294.
Lough John. Louis, Chevalier de Jacourt (1704–1780): A Biographical Sketch // The Encyclopédie in Eighteenth-Century England and Other Studies. Newcastle upon Tyne: Oriel Press, 1970. P. 25, 49–51.
Jacourt Louis de. Hongrie // Encyclopédie. Vol. VIII. 284.
Ibid. P. 284–285.
Ibid. P. 285.
Ibid.
Ibid., Р. 285–286.
Ibid. P. 286.
Jacourt Louis de. Pologne // Encyclopédie. Vol. XII. P. 925.
Ibid. P. 928–933.
Ibid. P. 925, 929, 934.
Ibid. P. 930–931.
Ibid. P. 931.
Coxe. Travels in Poland and Russia. Vol. III. P. 369–376.
Jacourt. Pologne // Encyclopédie. Vol. XII. P. 931–934.
Jacourt Louis de. Russie // Encyclopédie. Vol. XIV. P. 442; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous le Pierre le Grand. P. 403.
Jacourt Louis de. Russie // Encyclopédie. Vol. XIV. P. 443; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous le Pierre le Grand. P. 419–421.
Jacourt Louis de. Russie // Encyclopédie. Vol. XIV. P. 445.
Jacourt Louis de. Tartares // Encyclopédie. Vol. XV. P. 926; см. также: Fisher Alan W. The Crimean Tatars (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1978).
Sanson. P. 3–5.
Delisle. L’europe. Paris, 1700 (Гарвард); Zürner. Europa, 1712 (Гарвард).
Jacourt Louis de. Tartares // Encyclopédie. Vol. XV. P. 920.
Ibid. P. 921.
Vaugondy Robert de. Nouvel Atlas Portatif. Paris: Chez Robert, 1762, карты III, IV.
Jacourt Louis de. Tartares // Encyclopédie. Vol. XV. P. 921–923.
Ibid. P. 924–926.
Jacourt Louis de. Europe // Encyclopédie. Vol. VI. P. 211–212.
Vaugondy Robert de. Géographie // Encyclopédie. Vol. VII. P. 611–612.
Voltaire and Catherine. Correspondence // Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767. Ed. W.F. Reddaway. New York: Russel à Russel, 1871. P. 58, 77.
Rocque. Carte Generale des Postes de’lEurope, 1758.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 79, 124.
Ibid. P. 133.
Ibid. P. 181.
Ibid. P. 186.
Ibid. P. 1.
Ibid. P. 2; см. также: Griffiths David. To Live Forever: Catherine II, Voltaire, and the Pursuit of Immortality // Russia and the World of the Eighteenth Century. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers, 1988. P. 446–468; Madariaga Isabel de. Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great. New Haven, Conn.; Yale Univ. Press, 1981. P. 372–342; Alexander John T. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989. P. 97–142.
Wildberger Carolyn. Voltaire’s Russia; Window on the East // Studies on Vlataire and the Eighteenth Century. Vol. CLXIV. Ed. Theodore Besterman. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation at the Taylor Institution, 1976. P. 54, 141.
Rousseau Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract. Trans. Maurice Cranston. London: Penguin, 1968. P. 90.
Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 16. Paris, 1878; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint Limited, 1967. P. 377, 427.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 3
Besterman Theodore. Voltaire. 3rd ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976. P. 406.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 3–6.
Ibid. P. 48, 51.
Ibid. P. 6–7.
Lortholary, Albert. Le Mirage russe en France au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Boivin, 1951.
Lortholary. P. 74–76; Mohrenschildt Dmitri von. Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936. P. 275–280.
Wildberger. P. 27.
Mohrenschildt. P. 32; Saint-Simon Louis de Rouvroy, duc de. Memoirs of Louis XIV and his Court and of the Regency. Vol. III. New York: Collier, 1910. P. 1011
Lortholary. P. 23–25.
Wildberger. P. 76.
Voltaire. Historié de Charles XII. Paris: Garnier-Flammarion, 1968. P. 51.
Montesquieu Charles Secondat, baron de. The Spirit of the Laws. Trans. Thomas Nugent. New York: Hafner, 1949. I. P. 299.
Montesquieu. I. P. 299.
Lortholary. P. 33. Köpeszi Béla. La France et la Hongrie au début du XVIIIe siècle: Etudes d’historié des relations diplomatiques et d’histoorie des idées. Budapest: Akadémi Kiadó, 1971. P. 603–604.
Wildberger. P. 32.
Voltaire. Anecdotes sur le czar Pierre le Grand // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 23. Paris, 1787; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967. P. 281–293.
Wildberger. Р. 33, 49.
Lortholary. Р. 48.
Wildberger. Р. 41.
Ibid. P. 43.
Ibid. P. 124–127; Gay Peter. The Enlightenment: An Interpretation: The Science of Freedom. New York: W.W. Norton, 1977. P. 67.
Wildberger. P. 52–53.
Ibid. P. 37–38, 54–61.
Ibid. P. 119–120; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand. P. 586.
Wildberger. P. 120–122; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand. P. 589.
Wildberger. P. 46.
Ibid. P. 45–47.
Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand. P. 408, 415, 427.
Ibid. P. 506–509.
Wildberger. P. 278–279.
Voltaire. Le Russe à Paris // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 10. Paris, 1978; rpt. Leichtenstein: Kraus Reprints Limited, 1967. P. 121.
Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand. P. 456, 468.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 9–10, 15.
Ibid. P. 15–18.
Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand. P. 408.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 17–19; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand. P. 377.
Gay Peter. Voltaire’s Politics: The Poet as Realist. 2nd ed. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 1988. P. 180.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 20.
Ibid. P. 23.
Ibid. P. 25–27.
Ibid. P. 28–29.
Ibid. P. 33–34.
Ibid. P. 34.
Ibid. P. 35.
Ibid. P. 38, 48.
Ibid. P. 60.
Ibid. P. 73, 81–83, 90, 97.
Ibid. P. 93, 100–101.
Ibid. P. 117, 123–126.
Ibid. P. 148–150.
Ibid. P. 162.
Ibid. P. 172.
Ibid. P. 186–187.
Roider Karl A. Austria’s Eastern question 1700–1790. Princeton, N.J.; Princeton Univ. Press, 1982. P. 132, 156–157.
Voltaire. Essay sur les moeurs // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. III. Paris: Chez Furne, 1985. P. 607–609.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 84, 187.
Ibid. P. 118–119.
Ibid. P. 138, 149.
Ibid. P. 154–161.
Ibid. P. 161–163.
Ibid. P. 171.
Ibid. P. 169, 176, 186.
Lortholary. Р. 174–176.
Casanova Giacomo. History of My Life. Trans. Williard Trask. Vol. 10. London: Longman, 1971. P. 103–141, 142.
Raspe Rudolf Eric. The Travels and Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen. London; Daedalus, 1988. P. 75.
Mohrenschildt. P. 145; Lortholary. P. 90–91; Alexander. P. 14.
Lortholary. P. 97–98.
Mohrenschildt. P. 94.
Lortholary. P. 179–181.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 203; Lortholary. P. 184–186; Ségur Louis-Philippe comte de. Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. I // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle, vol. XIX, ed. M.Fs.Barrière (Paris: Librarie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859). P. 442–443.
Lortholary. P. 212–213.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 192; Tourneux Maurice. Diderot et Catherine II. Paris: Calmann Lévy, 1899. P. 75–76.
Tourneux. P. 83.
Diderot Denis. Entretiens avec Catherine II (1773) // Oeuvres politiques. Ed. Paul Vernière. Paris: Editions Garnier Frères, 1963. P. 257–258, 326.
Diderot. Entretiens. P. 206; см. также: Wilson Arthur. Diderot in Russia, 1773–1774 // The Eighteenth-Century in Russia. Ed. J.G. Garrard. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973. P. 166–197; Madariaga Isabel de. Catherine and the Philosophes // Russia and the West in the Eighteenth Century. Newtonville, Mass.; Oriental Research Partners, 1983. P. 30–52.
Diderot. Entretiens. P. 30–52.
Mohrenschildt. P.
Diderot. Entretiens. P. 266–267; Tourneux. P. 492.
Mohrenschildt. P. 55.
Diderot. Entretiens. P. 301.
Ibid. P. 302.
Ibid. P. 309–310.
Lortholary. P. 217–218.
Diderot. Entretiens. P. 326.
Tourneux. P. 472.
Ibid. P. 475–476.
Ibid. P. 477, 481–482.
Ibid. P. 482.
Ibid. P. 485–489.
Ibid. P. 492.
Lortholary. P. 236, 379, note 146.
Ségur. I. P. 444–445.
Diderot Denis. Obzervations sur le Nakaz (1774) // Oeuvres politiques. Ed. Paul Vernière. Paris: Editions Garnier Frères, 1963. P. 343–345.
Diderot. Obzervations. P. 349.
Ibid. P. 350–351.
Ibid. P. 351.
Voltaire and Catherine. P. 190.
Ibid. P. 194.
Ibid. P. 195.
Ibid. P. 196.
Ibid. P. 198–201.
Ibid. P. 206, 213.
Richardson William. Anecdotes of the Russian Empire; In a Series of Letters Written, a Few Years Ago, from St. Petersburg. London, 1784; rpt. London: Frank Cass, 1968. P. 401–403; Alexander John T. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989. P. 98.
Rousseau Jean-Jacques. Considerations sure le gouvernement de Pologne // Discours sur l’économie politique, Projet de constitution pour la Corse, Considérations sure le gouvernement de Pologne. Ed. Barabara de Negroni. Paris: Flammarion, 1990. P. 163.
Rousseau. P. 163.
Ibid.
Ibid. P. 164–165.
Ibid. P. 165–166, 211.
Ibid. P. 170–171.
Ibid. P. 171.
Ibid. P. 173.
Ibid.
Ibid. P. 177.
Ibid. P. 178; см. также: Michalski, Jerzy. Rousseau i sarmacki respublicanism. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukove, 1977.
Starobinski Jean. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Transparency and Obstruction. Trans. Arthur Gldhaimer. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1988. P. 145.
Rousseau. P. 261.
Marin Marietta. Une Française à Varsovie en 1766: Madame Geoffrin chez le roi de Pologne Stanislas-Auguste. Paris: Bibliothèque Polonaise, 1936. P. 27, 42; Ségur Pierre marquis de. Le Royaume de la rue saint-Honor: Madame Geoffrin et sa fille. Paris: Calmann-Léévy, 1987. P. 288.
Marie Thérèse Rodet, Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski. Correspondance inédite do roi Stanislas Auguste Poniatowski et de Madame Geoffrin (1764–1777). Ed. Charles de Mouy. Paris: E. Plon. 1875; Martin. P. 78.
Gooch G.P. Four French Salons // Catherine the Great and Other Studies. 1954; rpt Hamden, Conn.; Archon Books, 1966. P. 117.
Martin. Р. 12.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 102–103.
Ibid. P. 103.
Ibid. P. 108.
Ibid. P. 114–115.
Martin. P. 27.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 115, 137, 140–142.
Ségur Pierre. Le Royaume. P. 432; Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 131.
Ségur Pierre. Le Royaume. P. 434–436.
Ibid. P. 437–438.
Ibid. P. 442–443.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 143.
Ibid. P. 147–148.
Ibid. P. 150; Ségur Pierre. Le Royaume. P. 235.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 151–152.
Ibid. P. 153.
Ibid. P. 154–156.
Ibid. P. 158.
Fabre Jean. Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski et l’Europe des Lumières: Etude de Cosmopolitisme. Paris: Edition Ophrys, 1952. P. 630–631, note 68; Lortholary Albert. Le Mirage russe en France au XVIIIe sièicle. Paris: Boivin, 1951. P. 162–163.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 162–163, 167.
Ibid. P. 168.
Ibid. P. 112, 167.
Ibid. P. 174.
Ségur Pierre. Le Royaume. P. 447.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 177–178.
Ibid. P. 180, 193.
Ibid. P. 205–207, 223–224; Martin. P. 33.
Ségur Pierre. Le Royaume. P. 264–267, 281.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 233.
Ibid. P. 239–241.
Ségur Pierre. Le Royaume. P. 272.
Ibid. P. 273.
Derrida Jacques. Of Grammotology. Trans. Gaytri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimor: Johns Hopkins, 1976. P. 118–140.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 242–244.
Ibid. P. 349.
Martin. P. 35.
Poniatowski Stanislas-Auguste. Mémoires de roi Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski. Vol. St. Petersburg: l’Académie Impériale des Sciences, 1914. P. 567–568.
Martin. P. 53–54; Fabre. P. 305.
Ségur Pierre. Le Royaume. P. 273–274.
Ibid. P. 230, 461.
Rousseau. P. 259.
Martin. P. 76.
Madam Geoffrin; Stanislas-Auguste. P. 250.
Ibid. P. 276.
Ibid. P. 265–274, 294.
Ibid. P. 315–316.
Ibid. P. 321, 329.
Ibid. P. 355.
Ibid. P. 364.
Ibid. P. 365–366.
Ibid. P. 326–327, 336.
Ibid. P. 349, 379–380.
Ibid. P. 359, 382, 387, 432.
Ibid. P. 349, 379–380.
Ibid. P. 443.
Ibid. P. 451, 456.
Ibid. P. 464–466.
Ibid. P. 470–471, 475–477
Rousseau. P. 172.
Voltaire. Candide. Trans. John Butt. London: Penguin, 1974. Chapter 26; Dzwigala Wanda. Voltaire’s Sources on the Polish Dissident Question // Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. Vol. 241. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1986. P. 191–192; Rostworowski Emanuel. Républicanisme ‘Sarmate’ et les Lumières // Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. Ed. Theodore Besterman. Vol. XXVI. Geneva: Institut et Musée Voltaire, 1963. P. 1417; Fabre. P. 316; см. также: Kot Stanislaw. Rzeczpospolita Polska w literaturze politycznej Zachodu. Cracow: Nalladem Krakowskiej Spólki Wydawniczej, 1919; Woloszynski Ryszard W. La Pologne vue par l’Europe au XVIIIe siècle // Acta Polonica historica (1965). P. 22–42; Woloszynski Ryszard W. Polska w opiniach francuzów: Rulhière i jego wslczesni. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1964.
Voltaire. Essai historique et critique sur les dissensions des églises de Pologne (1767) // Oeuvres de Voltaire: Mélanges historique. Vol. II. Paris: P. Pourrat Freres, 1968. P. 57–60; Fabre. P. 634, примеч. 144.
Rostworowski Emanuel. Voltaire et la pologne // Studies on Voltaire and the Enighteenth Century, ed. Theodore Besterman. Vol. LXII. Geneva: Institut et Muse Voltaire, 1968. P. 114; Fabre. P. 323.
Voltaire. Discourse aux confédérés catholiques de Kaminieck en Pologne, par le major Kaiserling, au service du roi de Prusse (1768) // Oeuvres de Voltaire: Politiques et Législation. Vol. II. Paris: P. Pourrat Freres, 1839. P. 154, 165–166.
Voltaire and Catherine // Correspondence, in Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767. Ed. By W.F. Reddaway (1931; New York: Russell à Rusel, 1971). P. 109; Dzwigala. P. 198.
Marat Jean-Paul. Les Aventures du jeune comte Potowski. Ed. Claire Nicolas-Lelièvre. Paris: Renaudot, 1989. P. 118, 130.
Tomaszewski Marek. L’Universe héroique polonaise dans Les Amours du chavalier de Faublas et son impact sur l’imaginaire social à la fin due XVIIIe siècle // Revue de Littérature Comparée, no. 2 (April — June 1990): 430–431.
Voltaire. Les Lois de Minos, in Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 5, Théatre. Paris: Perronneau, 1817. P. 296.
Fabre. P. 249.
Marat. Les Aventures. P. 256; Dzwigala. P. 201; M. Romain-Cornut. Koltaire: complice et conseiller du partage de la Pologne, 2nd ed. Paris: Jacques Lecoffre, 1846. P. 17–21.
Jobert Ambrois. Magnats polonaise et physiocrates française (1767–1774). Paris: Librarie Droz, 1941. P. 20.
Jobert. P. 51, 86; Wolff Larry. The Vatican and Poland in the Age of the Partitions: Diplomatic and Cultural Encounters at the Warsaw Nunciature. New York; Boulder: Columbia Univ. Press, East European Monographs, 1988. Chapter VII.
Jobert. P. 24–27.
Ibid. P. 27–32.
Ibid. P. 36–38; см. также: Opalek Kasimir. Les Physiocrates et leur role dans le renouveau culturel au siècle des Lumières en Pologne // Pierre Francastel (ed.) Utopie et Institutions au XVIII siècle: Le Pragmatism des Lumières. Paris and the Hague: Mouton: 1963. P. 169–184.
Jobert. P. 45–48; Rousseau. P. 220.
Jobert. P. 57; Wolff. Chapter V.
Jobert. P. 60–62.
Ibid. P. 64–66.
Ibid. P. 67–71.
Ibid. P. 72–73.
Ibid. P. 79–82.
Smith Adam. The Wealth of Nations. London: Penguin, 1982. P. 345–346.
Ibid. P. 308.
Rulhère Claude Carloman de. A History or Anecdotes of the Revolution in Russia in the Year 1762. London, 1797; rpt. New York: Arno Press; New York Times, 1970. P. 1.
Chevalier Alice. Claude-Carloman de Rulhère, premier historien de la Pologne: sa vie et son oeuvre historique. Paris: Les Editions Domat-Montchrestien, 1939. P. 105–114; Ségur. Le Royaume. P. 220–224.
Rulhère. A History or Anecdotes of the Revolution in Russia, P. viii— xi, 52; Chevalier. P. 74, 115–116.
Chevalier. P. 43–44.
Rulhère Claude Carloman de. Revolutions de Pologne. Vol. I. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1862. P. 1.
Rulhère. Revolutions de Pologne. Vol. I. P. 6–7.
Chevalier. P. 121–122.
Ibid. P. 152–154.
Ibid.
Ibid. P. 155.
Ibid. P. 160–162, 166, 175.
Ibid. P. 233, 330–333.
Casanova Giacomo. Istoria delle Turbulenze della Polonia. Naples: Guida Editori, 1974. P. 100, 447.
Casanova. P. 54; Chevalier. P. 250; Fabre. P. 7.
Chevalier. P. 244, 295.
Ibid. P. 168–169, 182–183.
Ibid. P. 372–380.
Fabre. P. 571, примеч. 42.
Marquis de Sad. Aline et Valcour // Oeuvres. Vol. I. Paris: Gallimard, 1990. P. 852–853.
Fabre. P. 510; см. также: Rostworowski Emanuel. Ostatni Król Rzeczeposoplitej: geneza i upadek konstytucji 3 maja. Warsawa; Wiedza Powszechna, 1966.
Handelsman Marcel. La Constitution polonaise du 3 mai 1791 et l’opinion française // La Revolution Française. Vol. LVIII. Paris, 1910. P. 416, 425, 429, 433.
Fabre. P. 27, 575, примеч. 28.
Anderson M.S. Britain’s Discovery of Russia 1533–1815. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1958. P. 165–169.
Lortholary. P. 263; Anderson. P. 193; Arnold Robert. Geschichte der Deutschen Polinlitteratur: von den Anfogen bis 1800. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1900. P. 168.
Camblee Thomas. Poland // David Perkins (ed.), English Romantic Writern. New York: Harcourt, Braceà World, 1967. P. 603.
Lortholary. P. 263–264.
Vigée-Lebrun Elizabeth. The Memoirs of Elizabeth Vigée-Le Brun (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1989). P. 161, 189; Mohrenschildt Dmitri von. Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936. P. 25–26.
Vigée-Le Brun. P. 208–366; Fabre. P. 552.
Cobberr William. Letters to the Right Honourable Lord Hawksbury, 2nd ed. London: Cobbett and Morgan, 1802. P. 82.
Kennan George. Memoirs 1925–1950. New york: Pantheon Books, 1967. P. 29–30.
Cobbett. P. 83.
Kennan. P. 26.
Iorga Nicolae. Les Voyageurs Française dans l’Orient Europen. Paris: Boivin, 1928. P. 105.
Peyssonnel Charles de. Observation historiques et géographiques, sur les peuples barbares qui ont habit les bords du Danube à du Pont Euxin. Paris: Chez N.M.Tillard, 1765. P. 1–2.
Ibid. P. 4–7.
Ibid. P. 30.
Ibid. P. 39.
Ibid. P. 50–51.
Ibid. P. 194–195.
Vaugondy Rober de. Atlas Universel. Vol. 1 Paris, 1757. Maps 4, 12.
Anville Jean-Baptiste d’. A Complete Body of Ancient Geography. London: Robert Sayer, 1771. Maps 1, 3.
Hartog Franois. The Mirror of Herodotus: The Representation of the Other in the Writing of History. Trans. Janet Lloyd. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1988. P. 30.
Lortholary Albert. Le Mirage russe en France au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Boivin, 1951. P. 297, note 87; Gyergyai Albert. Un correspondant hongrois de Voltaire: le comte Fekete de Galanta // Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century. Vol. 25. Ed.Theodore Besterman. Geneva: Institut et Musée Voltaire, 1963. P. 789.
Peyssonnel. P. vii — ix, xv — xvi.
Ibid. P. xxxvi — xl.
Ibid. P. 9–10, 71.
Levesque Pierre-Charles. Historié de Russie. Vol. I. Hambourg; Brunswick: Chez Pierre-François Fauche, 1800. P. viii — ix.
Rulhière Claude Carloman de. Revolutions de Pologne. Vol. I. Ed. Christien Ostrowski. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1862. P. 1–2; Levesque. I. P. 1–6.
Levesque. I. P. 55–56.
Mohrenschildt, Dmitri von. Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936. P.227.
Sacy Claude-Louis de. Histoire générale de Hongrie: Depuis la première invasion des Huns, jusqu’à nos jours. Vol. I. Yverdon, 1780. P. vii, xxxi.
Iorga. P. 104–108; Darnton Robert. Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightenment in France. Cambridge, Mass.; Harvard Univ. Press, 1968. P. 98–100; Carra Jean-Louis. Historié de la Moldavie et de la Valachie. Jassy: Socit Typographique des Deux-Points, 1777. P. xvi — xvii, 220.
Hauterive Alexandre-Maurice Blanc de Lanautte, comte d’. Mémoire sut l’état ancien et actuel de la Moldavie: Présenté S.A.S le prince Alexandre Ypsilanti, Hospodar régnant, en 1787, par le comte d’Hauterive. Bucharest: L’Institut d’arts graphiques Carol Gobi, 1902. P. 20–22.
Rousseau Jean-Jacques. Considerations sure le gouvernement de Pologne // Discours sur l’économie politique, Projet de constitution pour la Corse, Considerations sure le gouvernement de Pologne. Ed. Barabara de Negroni. Paris: Flammarion, 1990. P. 170–17.
Hauterive. Mémoire. P. 42–44; Hauterive Alexandre-Maurice Blanc de Lanautte, comte d’ La Moldavie en 1758: faisant suite au journal d’un voyage de Constantinople à Jassy // Mémoire sut l’état ancien et actuel de la Moldavie: Présenté S.A.S le prince Alexandre Ypsilanti, Hospodar régnant, en 1787, par le comte d’Hauterive. Bucharest: L’Institut d’arts graphiques Carol Gubl, 1902. P. 357–358.
Hauterive. Mémoire. P. 236.
Ibid. P. 176; Hauterive. La Moldavie. P. 359.
Hauterive. La Moldavie. P. 331–332.
Hauterive. Mémoire. P. 252, 258.
Ibid. P. 264–266.
Ibid. P. 266–270.
Ibid. P. 78.
Ségur Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. I // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XIX. Ed. M.Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 329–330.
Gibbon Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. New York: Modern Library, n.d. I. P. 6.
Gibbon. I. P. 211–214.
Ibid., I. P. 214.
Voltaire. Essay sur les moeurs // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. III. Paris: Chez Furne, 1835. P. 583.
Gibbon. II. P. 245–247, 254, 263.
Ibid., II. P. 591.
Ibid., II. P. 591–594.
Ibid., III. P. 61.
Ibid., III. P. 316.
Ibid., III. P. 317–318.
Ibid., III. P. 318–319, note 8.
Ibid., III. P. 321–322.
Ibid., III. P. 322–323.
Ibid., III. P. 322–323, note 22; Gulya Janos. Some Eighteenth Century Antecedents of Nineteenth Century Linguistics: The Discovery of Finno-Ugrian // Studies in the History of Linguistics: Traditions and Paradigms. Ed. Dell Hymes. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1974. P. 260–263.
Gibbon. III. P. 324–326, 329.
Ibid., III. P. 330–331, note 45.
Ibid., III. P. 332–333, 335, note 58, 337.
Ibid., III. P. 343.
Ibid., III. P. 343–344; Spadafora David. The Idea of Progress in Eighteenth-Century Britain. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 1990. P. 223–224; Porter Roy. Edward Gibbon: Making History. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1988. Chapter 6. «Civilization, Barbarism, and Progress». P. 135–157.
Herder Johann Gottfried. Journal meiner Reise im Jahr 1769. Ed. Katharina Mommsen. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam, 1976. P. 7.
Ibid. P 15.
Ibid. P. 38–39.
Ibid. P. 77–78.
Ibid. P. 80–81.
Ibid. P. 90.
Ibid. P. 91–92.
Ibid. P. 101–102; Bittner Konrad. Die Beurteilung der russischen Politik im 18 Jahrhundert durch Johann Gottfried Herder // Im Geiste Herders. Ed. Erich Keyser. Kitzingen am Main: Holzner-Verlag, 1953. P. 47.
Clark Robert T. Herder: His Life and Thought. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1955. P. 60.
Bittner. P. 50–51.
Ibid. P. 68–69.
Herder Johann Gottfried. Von Ähnlichkeit der mittlern englischen und deutschen Dchtkunst // Herders Werke. Vol. II. Ed. Regine Otto. Berlin; Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1982. P. 472
Herder. Von Ähnlichkeit. P. 290.
Rousseau. P. 171–173.
Herder Johann Gottfried. Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit // Herders Werke. Vol. IV. Ed. Regine Otto. Berlin; Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1982. P. 385–386.
Ibid. P. 393.
Ibid. P. 393–395.
Ibid. P. 395.
Herder Johann Gottfried. Outlines of a Philosophy of the History of Man. Trans. T. Churchill. New York: Bergman. P. 483–484.
Herder. Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte. P. 395.
Ibid. P. 396–397.
Ibid. P. 463–464.
Kant Immanuel. Der Charakter des Volks, Die Anthropologische Charateristik // Schriften zur Anthropologie, Geschichtsphilosophie, Politik, und Pädigogik. 2. Werkausgabe. Vol. XII. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977. P. 670.
Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Geschichte // Werke, 12. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1970. P. 422.
Fortis Alberto. Travels into Dalmatia: Containing General Observations on the Natural History of that Country and the Neighbouring Island; the Natural Productions, Arts, Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants. London, 1778; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971. P. iv.
Duchet Michèle. Anthropologie et Historié au siècle des lumières: Buffon, Voltaire, Rousseau, Helvétius, Diderot. Paris: François Maspero, 1971. P. 258; Marshall P.J. and Glyndwr Williams. The Great Map of Mankind: British Perception of the World in the Age of Enlightenment. London: J.M. Dent, 1982.; Cochiara, Giuseppe. The History of Folklore in Europe. Trans. John N. McDaniel. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1981.
Voltaire. Essai sur les moeurs. P. 607–609.
Marshall, P.J. and Glyndwr Williams. The Great Map of Mankind: British Perception of the World in the Age of Enlightenment. London: J.M. Dent, 1982. Эпиграф; Spadafora. P. 253–320.
Torcellan Gianfranco. Profilo di Alberto Fortis // Settecento Veneto e altri scritti stoici. Turin: G. Giappichelli, 1969. P. 273–279.
Torcellan. P. 283; Voltaire. Essai sur les moeurs. P. 561.
Fortis. P. 45–47.
Ibid. P. 44.
Gibbon. II. P. 593; Fortis. P. 44.
Duchet. P. 12.
Fortis. P. 51–58.
Ibid. P. 60–61.
Ibid. P. 61–62.
Ginzburg Carlo. Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches’ Sabbath. Trans. Raymond Rosenthal. New York: Pantheon Books, 1991. P. 207–225.
Fortis. P. 63.
Ibid. P. 66–67, 70–75.
Ibid. P. 77, 82.
Lovrich Giovanni. Osservazioni di Giovanni Lovrich sopra diversi pezzi del Viaggio in Dalmazia del Signor Abate Alberto Fortis. Venice: Francesco Sansoni, 1776. P. 79, 81, 116.
Torcellan. P. 288.
Ibid. P. 290–291.
Fortis. Р. 82.
Ibid. P. 83.
Ibid.
Goethe Johann Wolfgang von. Klaggesang: von der edlen Frauen des Asan Aga, aus dem Morlackischen // Sämtliche Werke. Vol.I. Zürich: Artemis Verlag, 1977. P. 301.
A Short History of Yugoslavia. Ed. Stephen Clissold. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1968. P. 119.
Boskovich Ruggiero Giuseppe. Giornale di un Viaggo da Constantinipoli in Polonia dell’abate Ruggiero Giuseppe Boskovich. Milan: Giordano Editore, 1966. P. 6, 37–38.
Fortis. P. 84; Cocchiara. P. 135–140.
Fortis. P. 85.
Ibid. P. 86.
Ibid.
Desnos. L’Europe divisée selon l’étendue de ses principales parties. Paris, 1772; Ségur Louis-Philippe, comte de. Mémoirse, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur. Vol. II // Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle. Vol. XX. Ed. M.Fs. Barrière. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859. P. 66.
Bittner. P. 60.
Coxe William. Travels in Poland and Russia // Travels in Poland, Russia. Sweden, and Denmark. 5th ed. London: 1802; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970. I. P. 66.
Ibid., I. P. 392–393.
Ibid., II. P. 74–75.
Fortis. P. 88–89.
Arnold Robert. Geschichte der Deutschen Polienlitteratur: von den Anfngen bis 1800. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1900. P. 145.
Ibid. P. 52.
Ibid. P. 87.
Fichte Johann Gottlieb. Briefwechsel. Vol. I. Ed. Hans Schulz (Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1967. P. 171–175.
Arnold. P. 8–15, 40–56; Wipperman, Wolfgang. Der „Deutsche Drang nach Osten“; Ideologie und Wirklichkeit eines politischen Schlagwortes. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1981. P. 22.
Arnold. P. 27–29, 31–33, 95–96.
Fichte. Р. 175.
Ibid. P. 176.
Ibid. P. 176–178, 181–183.
Schulz Joachim Christoph Friedrich. Reise nach Warschau: Eine Schilderung aus den Jahren 1791–1793. Ed. Klaus Zernack // Polnische Bibliothek. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1982. P. 10–13, 24–25, 32–33.
Ibid. P. 348–349.
Burleigh Michael. Germany Turns Eastward: A Study of Ostforchung in the Third Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988. P. 26–28, 105–107, 176–179.
Herder Johann Gottfried. Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit // Herders Werke. Vol. IV. Ed. Regine Otto. Berlin; Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1982. P. 472.
Steiner Gerhard. Georg Forster. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagbuchhandlung, 1977. P. 8–46.
Forster Georg. Briefe // Werke. Vol. IV. Ed. Gerhard Steiner. Frankfurt: Insel Verlag, 1970. P. 320.
Arnold. P. 108–109; Wippermann. P. 21.
Arnold. P. 109.
Ibid. P. 113–114.
Forster Georg. Noch etwas über die Menschenrassen // Forsters Werke. Vol. I. Berlin; Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1968. P. 3–4, 16–17.
Ibid. P. 22, 25.
Ibid. P. 33.
Fichte. P. 183–184.
Schulz. P. 370; Arnold. P. 90.
Schulz. P. 40, 43, 68, 70, 136, 177–178.
Arnolrd. P. 78, 119–121, 161, 167–177.
Ibid. P. 127, 179–181.
Ibid. P. 190–191.
Ibid. P. 161; Güssefeld. «Europa». Nürnberg, 1974; Güssefeld. «Charte von Europa». Nürnberg, 1798.
Arnold. P. 113.
Hoffmann Leopold. Grosse Wahrheiten und Beweise in einem kleinen Auszuge aus der ungarischen Geschichte. Frankfurt; Leipzig, 1792. P. ii, xi — xii, xvii, xxi, xxv.
Fichte. P. 185–187.
Arnold. P. 63, 144.
Fichte. P. 214.
Ibid. P. 196.
Ledyard John. John Ledyard’s Journey Through Russia and Siberia 1787–1788: The Journal and Selected Letters. Ed. Stephen D. Watrous. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1966. P. 3–10.
Ibid. P. 19.
Ibid. P. 123–124.
Bassin Mark. Inventing Siberia: Visions of the Russian East in the Early Nineteenth Century // American Historical Review 26, no.3 (June 1991). P. 767–770.
Lortholary Albert. Le Mirage russe en France au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Boivin, 1951. P. 112–114; Mohrenschildt Dmitri von. Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936. P. 191–197; Chappe d Auteroche. Voyage en Sibérie. 4 vols. Paris: Chez Debure, 1768.
Ledyard. P. 143.
Ibid. P. 144.
Ibid. P. 145, 153, 156–158, 161.
Ibid. P. 174, 177–178.
Ibid. P. 178–180, 193.
Duchet Michèle. Anthropologie et Historié au siècle des lumières: Buffon, Voltaire, Rousseau, Helvétius, Diderot. Paris: François Maspero, 1971. P. 258; Marshall P.J. and Glyndwr Williams. The Great Map of Mankind: British Perception of the World in the Age of Enlightenment. London: J.M. Dent, 1982. P. 246; Hume David. Of National Characters // Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary: By David Hume. Vol. I. Ed. Т.Н. Green, Т.Н. Grose. London, 1982; rpt. Scientia Verlag Aalen, 1964. P. 252.
Ledyard. P. 127.
Ibid. P. 144, 164, 177, 182, 194–195.
Ibid. P. 145, 180.
Ibid. P. 257.
Parkinson John. A Tour of Russia and the Crimea 1791–1794. Ed. William Colier. London: Frank Cass, 1971. P. 56, 63, 66, 98, 109, 118, 138.
Ibid. P. 148, 151, 153, 188.
Ibid. P. 167, 252–253.
Ibid. P. 257.
Ibid. P. 30–31.
Ibid. P. 201–205.
Ibid. P. 210.
Ibid. P. 211.
Ibid. P. 223.
Ibid.
Ibid. P. 223–224.
Ibid. P. 227–228.
Ibid. P. 223–224.
Ibid. P. 228–229.
Ségur Philippe-Paul, comte de. Napoleon’s Russian Campaign. Trans. J. David Townsend. New York: Time/Life Books, 1965. P. 43, 97.
Ibid. P. 109, 228–231.
Custine Astolphe, marquis de. Empire of the Czar: A Journey Through Eternal Russia. Trans, anonimous, intro George Kennan. New York: Doubleday, 1080. P. 123, 128.
Custine. Empire of the Czar. P. 128, 155.
Custine Astolphe, marquis de. Journey for Our Time: The Russian Journals of the Marquis de Custine. Trans. Phyllis Penn Kohler, intro Walter Beddel Smith. Washington, D.C.: Gateway Editions, 1987. P. 7, 9, 11.
Birke Ernst. Die französische Osteuropa-Politik, 1914–1918 // Zaitschrift fur Ostforschung (1954, Heft 3). P. 322.
Seton-Watson R.W. Disraeli, Gladstone, and the Eastern Question. New York: Norton, 1972. P. 75, 244, 267.
Sloane William M. The Balkans: A Laboratory of History. New York: Eaton à Mains, 1914. P. vii.
Ibid. P. vii, 3, 56.
Nicholson Harold. Peacemaking 1919. New York: Grosset à Dunlap, 1956. P. 33, 126; см. также: Seton-Watson Hugh; Seton-Watson Chistopher. The Making of a New Europe: R.W. Seton-Watson and the Last Years of Austria-Hungary. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1981; Cassamo Dominico. Presupposti e obiettivi della storiografia sll’Europa orientale // Introduczione alla Storia dell’Europa Orientale. Rome: La Nuova Italia Scientifica, 1991. P. 9–21; Wolff Larry. French Policy Towards Eastern Europe During the First World War: From Dragon de l’Apocalypse to Cordon Sanitaire // Essays in History: The E.C.Barksdale Student Lectures. Arlington, Texas: Phi Alpha Theta, Univ.-of Texas, 1980. P. 177–190.
Nicholson. P. 27.
Mann Thomas. The Magic Mountain. Trans. H.T. Lowe-Porter. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967. P. 157, 228, 289, 517.
Mackenzie Georgena Muir; Irby Paulina. Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe. London: Bell and Daldy, 1867. P. xx, xxix, xxx.
West Rebecca. Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia. Penguin Books, 1982. P. 23, 328, 483; смотри также Wolff Larry. Rebeca West // The New York Times Book Review (February 10, 1991).
West. P. 662.
Burleigh Michael. Germany Turns Eastward: A Study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988. P. 137, 151, 167, 242; см. также рецензию Ларри Вульфа на эту книгу в: Harvard Ukranian Studies 15, no. 3/4 (December 1991). P. 456–459.
Burleigh. P. 306.
Palmer R.R., Colton Joel. The Transformation of Eastern Europe, 1648–1740 // A History of Modern World, 3rd. Ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965. P. 174.
Chubb Thomas Coldecott. Slavic Peoples. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1962. P. 105.
Fleming Ian. From Russia with Love. London: Pan Books, 1959. P. 142, 184.
New York Times, 22 August 1991. P. 1; Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 7/8 September 1991. P. 1; Corriere della Sera, 8 September 1991, Corriere Cultura. P. 5; Boston Phoenix, 13 September 1991, Section 1. P. 32–33.
New York Times, 25 March 1992. P. 1; 8 April 1992. P. 1; 24 May 1992. P. 10.
Gorbachev Mikhail. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World. New York: Harper à Row, Perenial Library, 1988. P. 177.
Milosz Czesiaw. Native Realm: A Search for Self Definition. Trans. Catherine S. Leach. New York: Doubleday, 1968. P. 2.
Tolstoy Leo. War and Peace. Trans. Rosemary Edmonds (Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin Books, 1982. P. 843, 1034.
Ibid. P. 1343–1344, 1401.