Бихевиоризм – направление в американской психологии, зародившееся в XX веке благодаря Джону Бродесу Уотсону. Не признает сознание предметом для научного исследования, ставя во главу угла поведение, под которым подразумевается совокупность реакций организма на стимулы внешней среды. (Здесь и далее – прим. ред.)
Тэвис Смайли – ведущий ток-шоу на американском телевидении, предприниматель, автор и политический комментатор. Корнел Уэст – американский философ, актер, писатель и литературный критик.
Уильям Макгуайр был обвинен в махинациях с фондовыми опционами, за что ему следовало выплатить штраф в размере около $ 620 млн.
«Захвати Уолл-стрит» – акция гражданского протеста, которая началась 17 сентября 2011 года в Нью-Йорке. Ее целью был захват улицы Уолл-стрит, чтобы привлечь всеобщее внимание к «преступлениям финансовой элиты». Также участники акции призывали к структурным изменениям в экономике. Впоследствии подобные акции прошли в других городах не только на территории США, но и за ее пределами.
Авторы этой книги: Эрик Бриньолфссон и Эндрю Макафи, преподаватели Массачусетского технологического института.
Пыльный котел – серия разрушительных пыльных бурь в прериях США и Канады (1930–1936), происходившая в годы Великой депрессии.
Аномия – нравственно-психологическое состояние индивидуального и общественного сознания, процесс разрушения базовых элементов культуры. Понятие введено Э. Дюркгеймом и впоследствии разработано Р. К. Мертоном. Для аномии характерно разложение устоявшейся системы ценностей, возникающее в связи с общественным кризисом. Выражается в отчужденности индивидуума от общества, апатии, разочарованности в жизни, высоком уровне преступности.
ФРС – федеральная резервная система США.
Международная организация, занимающаяся проблемами коррупции.
Многолетняя государственная программа США по борьбе с наркотиками и наркоторговцами, которая ведется как внутри страны, так и за ее пределами.
Римский клуб – международная организация, объединяющая представителей мировой элиты (политика, финансы, культура и наука). Существует с 1968 года.
«Survey Highlights a Troubling Divergence in the U. S. Economy. Message for Business Leaders and Policy Makers: A Coordinated Strategy Is Needed to Lift Living Standards for the Average American», Harvard Business School Press Release, September 8, 2014.
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See Philip Kotler and Nancy R. Lee, Up and Out of Poverty: The Social Marketing Solution: A Toolkit for Policy Makers, Entrepreneurs, NGOs, Companies, and Governments (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Wharton School Publishing, 2009).
Вильфредо Парето (1848–1923) был итальянским социологом, экономистом и философом.
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Edsall, «Capitalism vs. Democracy». Пикетти заявляет, что собственники капитала перенесли ряд сильных ударов, включая утрату доверия в результате краха рынка и потерю реальных активов во время двух Мировых войн. Во время этих войн они пострадали от высоких налогов и инфляции, обесценившей их капитал, потеряли некоторые объекты основной отрасли промышленности, которые были национализированы Англией и Францией. Также богатые люди лишились отрасли промышленности и имущества, конфискованного в постколониальных странах. Кроме того, профсоюзное движение, сильное во времена «Нового курса» Франклина Рузвельта и после Второй мировой войны, давало возможность рабочим участвовать в развитии экономики и достижении роста производительности.
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Фактическая заработная плата Ларри Эллисона из компании Oracle составила $ 96,2 млн. в 2011 году, но совет директоров компании понизил его зарплату до $ 78,4 млн. в 2012 году. У Эллисона есть 25 % компании Oracle, и это редкий случай, когда владелец фирмы платит себе самому так много. Увеличение или уменьшение его компенсационного пакета связано со стоимостью компании Oracle на фондовой бирже и случаями, когда компания опережает своих конкурентов. См. Steven M. Davidoff, «Vote Against Executive Pay Rings Hollow», New York Times, November 7, 2013, p. 16.
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One of the most compelling cases against increasing the minimum wage is found in Gary Will, «Raise Minimum Wage? If…» Washington Post.
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«Putting Released Prisoners Back to Work», BusinessWeek, February 6, 2014. Кроме того, в передовой статье газеты New York Times от 24 мая 2014 года под названием «Остановите массовые аресты» («End Mass Incarceration Now») были кратко сформулированы следующие решения: «Существенно сократить срок лишения свободы. Предоставить больше возможностей для реабилитации внутри тюрьмы. Убрать барьеры, которые мешают людям возвратиться в общество после выхода на свободу. Использовать альтернативные способы наказания для лиц, совершивших ненасильственные преступления, наркозависимых или душевнобольных. Выпустить пожилых или больных заключенных, у которых тюремный срок подходит к концу. Составить рейтинг тюрем, чьи бывшие заключенные больше не совершали преступлений.
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Эта цифра взята из «Game Plan for a Future-Ready Workforce», Futurist, November – December 2013, интервью с Ed Gordon, author of Future Jobs: Solving the Unemployment and Skills Crisis, conducted by Rick Docksai.
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John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, «The State of the State», Foreign Affairs, July – August 2014.
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Некоторые из них до мирового экономического кризиса придерживаются взглядов Ричарда Вольфа: он высказывал свое мнение на различных конференциях, которые можно посмотреть в Интернете.
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