Философия запаха. О чем нос рассказывает мозгу

Примечания

1

Перевод П. С. Юшкевича – Прим. ред.

2

Abbé de Étienne Bonnot Condillac, Condillac’s Treatise on the Sensations, (1754; repr., London: Favil, 1930), xxxi. – де Кондильяк Этьенн Бонно. Трактат об ощущениях. Пер. П. С. Юшкевич – М.: Едиториал УРСС – 2018. – 250 с.

3

Перевод М. С. Соколова – Прим. ред.

4

Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, ed. and trans. R. B. Louden (1798; repr., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 50–51. – Кант И. Антропология с прагматической точки зрения. Пер. Н. М. Соколова – СПб.: Наука – 1999. – 471 с.

5

Перевод фразы «Here’s looking at you, kid!» из голливудской романтической кинодрамы 1942 года «Касабланка». – Прим. пер.

6

Они же семиспиральные, или серпантинные, рецепторы. – Прим. науч. ред.

7

Асафетида – сильно пахнущий высушенный млечный сок (латекс) из корневищ нескольких видов зонтичных растений. – Прим. пер.

8

Alexander Graham Bell, Discovery and Invention, Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers, 1834 to 1974: Article and Speech Files, Library of Congress, перепечатано из National Geographic Magazine, June 1914.

9

К химическим чувствам (возникающим под влиянием химических раздражителей на периферическую структуру сенсорной системы – хеморецепторы) относят вкус и обоняние. – Прим. ред.

10

Stuart Firestein, Failure: Why Science Is So Successful (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015); Stuart Firestein, Ignorance: How It Drives Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).

11

Patricia Smith Churchland, Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989); цитата из книги Patricia Smith Churchland, Of Brains & Minds: An Exchange, New York Review of Books 61, no. 11, June 19, 2014, https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/06/19/brains-and-minds-exchange/

12

Paul M. Churchland, The Engine of Reason, the Seat of the Soul: A Philosophical Journey into the Brain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996); John Bickle, Psychoneural Reduction: The New Wave (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998).

13

Здесь имеется в виду локализация нейронов, участвующих в обработке информации о запахах. – Прим. науч. ред.

14

Часть обонятельного мозга. – Прим. науч. ред.

15

Перцептивный – связанный с восприятием. – Прим. ред.

16

Атомизм – философское учение о прерывистом строении материи, состоящей из отдельных чрезвычайно малых частиц. – Прим. ред.

17

Horror vacui (лат. – боязнь пустоты, отвращение к пустоте) – идущее от Аристотеля выражение, которое употребляется для обозначения т. н. отвращения природы к пустому пространству, вследствие чего везде «что-нибудь» есть. – Прим. ред.

18

Гилеморфизм – термин, возникший в конце XIX века для обозначения восходящего к Аристотелю учения о форме и материи как основных принципах бытия. – Прим. ред.

19

Aristotle, The Works of Aristotle, ed. J. A. Smith and W. D. Ross, vol. 3, On the Senses and the Sensible (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931), 441b, 442b.

20

Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants and Minor Works on Odours and Weather Signs, ed. and trans. Sir Arthur Hort (London: William Heinemann, 1916), 2:413.

21

Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Scenting Salvation: Ancient Christianity and the Olfactory Imagination (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006); Christopher M. Woolgar, The Senses in Late Medieval England (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006).

22

Возможно, вы узнали в этих описаниях сангвиника, флегматика, холерика и меланхолика. – Прим. науч. ред.

23

Adam Hart-Davis and Emily Troscianko, Taking the Piss: A Potted History of Pee (Hornchurch, UK: Chalford Press, 2006), 55.

24

Sabine Krist and Wilfried Grießer, Die Erforschung der chemischen Sinne: Geruchs– und Geschmackstheorien von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart (Berlin: Peter Lang, 2006), 53; Robert Jütte, A History of the Senses (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2005), 59.

25

Simon Kemp, A Medieval Controversy about Odor, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 33, no. 3 (1997): 211–219; Jütte, History of the Senses; Woolgar, Senses in Medieval England; Krist and Grießer, Erforschung der chemischen Sinne, 55–58.

26

Kriest and Grießer, Erforschung der chemischen Sinne, 52; Avicenna Latinus, Liber de anima seu sextus de naturalibus, ed. Simone van Riet, vols. 1–3 (Leuven, Belgium: Peeters; Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1972), 146–153.

27

Andrea Porzionato, Veronica Macchi, and Raffaele De Caro, The Role of Caspar Bartholin the Elder in the Evolution of the Terminology of the Cranial Nerves, Annals of Anatomy 195, no. 1 (2013): 28–31.

28

Woolgar, Senses in Medieval England, 15.

29

Теория классификации и систематизации организмов. – Прим. ред.

30

Carl Linnaeus and Andreas Wåhlin, Dissertatio medica odores medicamentorum exhibens (Stockholm: L. Salvius, 1752).

31

Anton Kerner von Marilaun, The Natural History of Plants, Their Forms, Growth, Reproduction (New York: H. Holt and Company, 1895–1896).

32

John Harvey Lovell, Flower Odors and Their Importance to Bees: A Series of Articles, American Bee Journal 15 (1934): 392.

33

Frank Anthony Hampton, The Scent of Flowers and Leaves: Its Purpose and Relation to Man (London: Dulau, 1925).

34

G. W. Septimus Piesse, The Art of Perfumery, and Method of Obtaining the Odors of Plants (Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1857); Edward Sagarin, The Science and Art of Perfumery (London: McGraw-Hill, 1945); Mandy Aftel, Essence and Alchemy: A Book of Perfume (New York: North Point Press, 2001); Matthias Guentert, The Flavour and Fragrance Industry – Past, Present, and Future, in Flavours and Fragrances (Berlin: Springer, 2007), 1–14.

35

Andrea Büttner, Springer Handbook of Odor (New York: Springer, 2017), 4–5.

36

Robert Boyle, Experiments and Observations about the Mechanical Production of Odours (London: E. Flesher, 1675).

37

Lawrence M. Principe, The Aspiring Adept: Robert Boyle and His Alchemical Quest (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).

38

Robert Boyle, The Philosophical Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle Esq., in Three Volumes, ed. Peter Shaw, vol. 1 (London: W. Innys, R. Manby, and T. Longman, 1738), 412.

39

Herman Boerhaave, Of the Smelling, in Dr. Boerhaave’s Academical Lectures on the Theory of Physic, vol. 4 (London: W. Innys, 1745), 39–54, 40.

40

Antoine-François de Fourcroy, Mémoire sur l’esprit recteur de Boerhaave, Annales de chimie 26 (1798): 232.

41

Johann Franz Simon, Animal Chemistry with Reference to the Physiology and Pathology of Man, vol. 2 (London: Sydenham Society, 1846), 343.

42

Friedrich Wöhler, Ueber künstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs, Annalen der Physik und Chemie 88, no. 2 (1828): 253–256.

43

Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, and Philip Kraft, Scent and Chemistry: The Molecular World of Odors (Zürich: Wiley-VCH, 2011), 5.

44

Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Über die vegetabilischen Substanzen, welche sich dem Campher nähert und Über einige Ätherische Öle, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 6, no. 3 (1833): 245–258.

45

Ohloff, Pickenhagen, and Kraft, Scent and Chemistry, 5.

46

Ferdinand Tiemann and Wilhelm Haarmann, Über das Coniferin und seine Umwandlung in das aromatische Princip der Vanille, Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 7, no. 1 (1874): 608–623.

47

Karl Reimer, Über eine neue Bildungsweise aromatischer Aldehyde, Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 9, no. 1 (1876): 423–424.

48

Firmenich, Firmenich & Co., Successors to Chuit Naef & Co., Geneva, 1895–1945 (Geneva: Firmenich, 1945); Percy Kemp, ed., An Odyssey of Flavors and Fragrances: Givaudan (New York: Abrams, 2016).

49

Christopher Kemp, Floating Gold: A Natural (and Unnatural) History of Ambergris (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).

50

Осмофорные группы – характерные функциональные группы в ароматических соединениях; термин происходит от греческих корней «осмо» и «форос» – запах и носитель. – Прим. пер.

51

Leopold Ružička, Die Grundlagen der Geruchschemie, Chemiker-Zeitung 44, no. 1 (1920): 93, 129.

52

Daniel Speich, Leopold Ruzicka und das Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft in der Chemie, ETH History (blog), Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zürich [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich], https://www.ethistory.ethz.ch/besichtigungen/touren/vitrinen/konjunkturkurven/vitrine61/

53

Olivier Walusinski, Joseph Hippolyte Cloquet (1787–1840) – Physiology of Smell: Portrait of a Pioneer, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (2018): 2514183X17738406.

54

Hippolyte Cloquet, Osphrésiologie, ou traité des odeurs, de sens et des organes de l’olfaction (Paris: Chez Méquignon-Marvis, 1821).

55

Walusinski, Joseph Hippolyte Cloquet, 6.

56

Zwaardemaker, Physiologie des Geruchs, 49–52.

57

Annick Le Guérer, Olfaction and Cognition: A Philosophical and Psychoanalytic View, in Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition, ed. Catherine Rouby et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 3–15.

58

Thomas Laycock, A Treatise on the Nervous Diseases of Women (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1840).

59

Havelock Ellis, Sexual Selection in Man: Touch, Smell, Hearing, and Vision, part 1 in Studies in the Psychology of Sex, vol. 2 (Philadelphia: F. A. Davis, 1905), 47–83; Constance Classen, David Howes, and Anthony Synnott, Aroma: The Cultural History of Smell (London: Routledge, 2002).

60

Иоанна Неаполитанская (1325–1382) – королева Неаполя и Прованса, героиня нескольких литературных произведений. – Прим. пер.

61

Ellis, Sexual Selection in Man.

62

Carl Maria Giessler, Wegweiser zu einer Psychologie des Geruches (Hamburg, Leipzig: Leopold Voss, 1894).

63

Joel Michell, Measurement in Psychology: A Critical History of a Methodological Concept (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

64

Eleanor Acheson McCulloch Gamble, The Applicability of Weber’s Law to Smell, American Journal of Psychology 10, no. 1 (1898): 93.

65

Hans Henning, Der Geruch (Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1916).

66

Eleanor Acheson McCulloch Gamble, Taste and Smell, Psychological Bulletin 13, no. 3 (1916): 137. См. также Eleanor Acheson McCulloch Gamble, Review of ‘Der Geruch’ by Hans Henning, American Journal of Psychology 32, no. 2 (1921): 290–295.

67

E. C. Crocker and L. F. Henderson, Analysis and Classification of Odors, American Perfumer Essential Oil Review 22 (1927): 325–327.

68

Ralf D. Bienfang, Dimensional Characterisation of Odours, Chronica botanica 6 (1941): 249–250.

69

F. Nowell Jones and Margaret Hubbard Jones, Modern Theories of Olfaction: A Critical Review, Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied 36, no. 1 (1953): 207–241.

70

Ellis, Sexual Selection in Man. Эллис пишет о теориях Фон Вальтера (1807–1808), Звардемакера (1898), Хейкрафта (1887–1888), Резерфорда (1892), Саузердена (1903) и Вашиде и Ван Мелле (1899).

71

Malcolm Dyson, Some Aspects of the Vibration Theory of Odour, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 19 (1928): 456–459; Malcolm Dyson, The Scientific Basis of Odour, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 57, no. 28 (1938): 647–651.

72

Robert H. Wright, Odor and Molecular Vibration: The Far Infrared Spectra of Some Perfume Chemicals, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 116 (1964): 552–558; Robert H. Wright, Odor and Molecular Vibration: Neural Coding of Olfactory Information, Journal of Theoretical Biology 64, no. 3 (1977): 473–474.

73

H. Teudt, Eine Erklärung der Geruchserscheinungen, Biologisches Zentralblatt 33 (1913): 716–724.

74

M. N. Banerji, Incidence of Smell: Theory of Surface Friction, Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 6 (1930): 87–94.

75

Luca Turin, The Secret of Scent (London: Faber&Faber, 2006); Ann-Sophie Barwich, How to Be Rational about Empirical Success in Ongoing Science: The Case of the Quantum Nose and Its Critics, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 69 (2018): 40–51.

76

Lloyd H. Beck and Walter R. Miles, Some Theoretical and Experimental Relationships between Infrared Absorption and Olfaction, Science 106 (1947): 511.

77

A. Müller, A Dipolar Theory of the Sense of Odour, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 27 (1936): 202.

78

M. Heyninx, La physiologie de l’olfaction, Revue d’Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmology 11 (1933): 10–19.

79

T. H. Durrans, The ‘Residual Affinity’ Odour Theory, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 11 (1920): 391–393; C. E. Pressler, Theories on Odors, Drug and Cosmetic Industry 62 (1948): 180–182.

80

Gertrud Woker, The Relations between Structure and Smell in Organic Compounds, Journal of Physical Chemistry 10 (1906): 455–473.

81

Gösta Ehrensvärd, Über die Primärvorgänge bei Chemozeptoren-beeinflussung, Acta physiologica Scandinavica 3, suppl. 9 (1942): 151.

82

J. LeMagnen, Analyse d’odeurs complexes et homologues par fatigue, Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences 226 (1949): 753–754; M. Ghir-landa, Sulla presenza di glicogena nella mucosa olfattoria, puo’avere il glicogeno nasale rapporto con la funzione dell’olfatto? Atti dell’Accademia delle Scienze di Siena, detta dei fisiocritici 18 (1950): 407–412.

83

J. H. Kremer, Adsorption de matières odorantes et de narcotiques odorants par les lipoïdes, Archives Néerlandaises de Physiologie de l’Homme et des Animaux 1 (1916–1917): 715–725.

84

G. B. Kistiakowsky, On the Theory of Odours, Science 112 (1950): 154–155.

85

John E. Amoore, Current Status of the Steric Theory of Odor, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 116, no. 2 (1964): 457–476; John E. Amoore, Recent Advances in Odor: Theory, Measurement, and Control (New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1964), 457–476; John E. Amoore, The Molecular Basis of Odor (Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1970).

86

Потеря обоняния. – Прим. науч. ред.

87

Небольшая молекула, связывающаяся с молекулой белка, чаще всего рецептором (в этом случае лиганд является сигнальной молекулой). – Прим. ред.

88

Linus Pauling, Molecular Architecture and Biological Reactions, Chemical and Engineering News 24, no. 10 (1946): 1375–1377.

89

Robert W. Moncrieff, What Is Odor? A New Theory, American Perfumer 54 (1949): 453.

90

Günther Ohloff, Scent and Fragrances: The Fascination of Odors and Their Chemical Perspectives, (New York: Springer, 1994).

91

Günther Ohloff, Relationship between Odor Sensation and Stereochemistry of Decalin Ring Compounds, in Gustation and Olfaction, ed. G. Ohloff and A. F. Thomas (Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 1971), 178–183.

92

Ohloff, Pickenhagen, and Kraft, Scent and Chemistry.

93

Charles S. Sell, Fundamentals of Fragrance Chemistry (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2019); Paolo Pelosi, On the Scent: A Journey Through the Science of Smell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).

94

Karen J. Rossiter, Structure-Odor Relationships, Chemical Reviews 96, no. 8 (1996): 3201–3240; M. Chastrette, Trends in Structure-Odor Relationship, SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research 6, no. 3–4 (1997): 215–254; Charles S. Sell, On the Unpredictability of Odor, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 38 (2006): 6254–6261.

95

Ann-Sophie Barwich, Bending Molecules or Bending the Rules? The Application of Theoretical Models in Fragrance Chemistry, Perspectives on Science 23, no. 4 (2015): 443–465.

96

Maxwell M. Mozell, The Spatiotemporal Analysis of Odorants at the Level of the Olfactory Receptor Sheet, Journal of General Physiology 50, no. 1 (1966): 25–41; Paul F. Kent et al., Mucosal Activity Patterns as a Basis for Olfactory Discrimination: Comparing Behavior and Optical Recordings, Brain Research 981, no. 1–2 (2003): 1–11.

97

Поглощение жидкости или газа объектом из другого материала (адсорбентом). – Прим. ред.

98

Linda B. Buck and Richard Axel, A Novel Multigene Family May Encode Odorant Receptors: A Molecular Basis for Odor Recognition, Cell 65, no. 1 (1991): 175–187.

99

Стюарт Фаерштейн (Stuart Firestein), неопубликованное выступление на лекции в Харвейском обществе, 18 мая 2016. Спасибо Стюарту Фаерштейну за предоставление этого материала.

100

Stuart Firestein, Charles Greer, and Peter Mombaerts, The Molecular Basis for Odor Recognition, Cell Annotated Classics, March 20, 2019, https://www.cell.com/pb/assets/raw/journals/research/cell/libraries/annotated-classics/ACBuck.pdf.

101

Stuart Firestein, A Nobel Nose: The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, Neuron 45, no. 3 (2005): 333–338; Richard Axel, Scents and Sensibility: A Molecular Logic of Olfactory Perception (Нобелевская лекция), Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 38 (2005): 6110–6127; Linda B. Buck, Unraveling the Sense of Smell (Нобелевская лекция), Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 38 (2005): 6128–6140.

102

Зрительный пигмент. – Прим. ред.

103

Ann-Sophie Barwich and Karim Bschir, The Manipulability of What? The History of G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Biology & Philosophy 32, no. 6 (2017): 1317–1339; Robert J. Lefkowitz, A Brief History of G-protein Coupled Receptors (Нобелевская лекция), Angewandte Chemie International Edition 52, no. 25 (2013): 6366–6378; Sara Snogerup-Linse, Studies of G-protein Coupled Receptors. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012. Award Ceremony Speech, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2012), https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2012/presentation-speech.html.

104

Ann-Sophie Barwich, What Is So Special about Smell? Olfaction as a Model System in Neurobiology, Postgraduate Medical Journal 92 (2015): 27–33.

105

Nicholas Wade, Scientist at Work/Kary Mullis; After the ‘Eureka’, a Nobelist Drops Out, New York Times, 15 сентября 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/15/science/scientist-at-work-kary-mullis-after-the-eureka-a-nobelist-drops-out.html; История ПЦР: Paul Rabinow, Making PCR: A Story of Biotechnology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).

106

Chaim Linhart and Ron Shamir, The Degenerate Primer Design Problem, Bioinformatics 18, suppl. 1 (2002): S172–S181.

107

David Hubel, Eye, Brain, and Vision, Scientific American Library 22 (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1988); Patricia Smith Churchland, Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).

108

Состояние, при котором люди с поврежденной первичной зрительной корой головного мозга могут распознавать зрительные образы, которые они сознательно не воспринимают. – Прим. ред.

109

David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel, Brain and Visual Perception: The Story of a 25-Year Collaboration (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).

110

Barbara Tizard, Theories of Brain Localization from Flourens to Lashley, Medical History 3, no. 2 (1959): 132–145; Stanley Finger, Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001); Erhard Oeser, Geschichte der Hirnforschung: Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, 2nd ed. (Darmstadt, Germany: WBG, 2010); S. Finger, The Birth of Localization Theory, chap. 10 in Handbook of Clinical Neurology 95 (3rd series), History of Neurology, ed. M. Aminoff, F. Boller, and D. Swaab (Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2010), 117–128.

111

Д. Уотсон и Ф. Крик опубликовали статью с описанием структуры двойной спирали ДНК в 1953 году. Фотографии Р. Франклин, на которые опирались Уотсон и Крик, были сделаны в 1951 году. – Прим. науч. ред.

112

Lily E. Kay, Who Wrote the Book of Life? A History of the Genetic Code (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000).

113

Stephen William Kuffler, Neurons in the Retina: Organization, Inhibition and Excitatory Problems, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 17 (1952): 281–292; Stephen William Kuffler, Discharge Patterns and Functional Organization of Mammalian Retina, Journal of Neurophysiology 16, no. 1 (1953): 37–68.

114

Jerome Y. Lettvin et al., What the Frog’s Eye Tells the Frog’s Brain, IEEE Xplore: Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 47, no. 11 (1959): 1940–1951.

115

Gordon M. Shepherd, Creating Modern Neuroscience: The Revolutionary 1950s (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).

116

Hubel, Eye, Brain, and Vision, 115.

117

Vernon B. Mountcastle, Modality and Topographic Properties of Single Neurons of Cat’s Somatic Sensory Cortex, Journal of Neurophysiology 20, no. 4 (1957): 408–434; Vernon B. Mountcastle, Vernon B. Mountcastle, in The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography, vol. 6, ed. L. Squire (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 342–379.

118

Jennifer F. Linden and Christoph E. Schreiner, Columnar Transformations in Auditory Cortex? A Comparison to Visual and Somatosensory Cortices? Cerebral Cortex 13, no. 1 (2003): 83–89.

119

Jonathan C. Horton and Daniel L. Adams, The Cortical Column: A Structure without a Function, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1456 (2005): 837–862.

120

Henry J. Alitto and Dan Yang, Function of Inhibition in Visual Cortical Processing, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 20, no. 3 (2010): 340–346.

121

Bettina Malnic et al., Combinatorial Receptor Codes for Odors, Cell 96, no. 5 (1999): 713–723; Шеферд и Файрштейн предложили похожий механизм: Gordon M. Shepherd and Stuart Firestein, Toward a Pharmacology of Odor Receptors and the Processing of Odor Images, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 39, no. 4 (1991): 583–592.

122

Hans Henning, Der Geruch (Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1916); John E. Amoore, Specific Anosmia and the Concept of Primary Odors, Chemical Senses 2, no. 3 (1977): 267–281.

123

Haiqing Zhao et al., Functional Expression of a Mammalian Odorant Receptor, Science 279 (1998): 237–242.

124

Michael S. Singer, Analysis of the Molecular Basis for Octanal Interactions in the Expressed Rat I7 Olfactory Receptor, Chemical Senses 25, no. 2 (2000): 155–165.

125

Sandeepa Dey et al., Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells, Journal of Visualized Experiments 48 (2011): e2405; Hiro Matsunami, Mammalian Odorant Receptors: Heterologous Expression and Deorphanization, Chemical Senses 41, no. 9 (2016): E123. В качестве обзора по этой теме см.: Zita Peterlin, S. Firestein, and Matthew E. Rogers, The State of the Art of Odorant Receptor Deorphanization: A Report from the Orphanage, Journal of General Physiology 143, no. 5 (2014): 527–542.

126

Joel D. Mainland et al., Human Olfactory Receptor Responses to Odorants, Scientific Data 2 (2015): 150002.

127

Kerry J. Ressler, Susan L. Sullivan, and Linda B. Buck, A Zonal Organization of Odorant Receptor Gene Expression in the Olfactory Epithelium, Cell 73, no. 3 (1993): 597–609.

128

Ramón y Cajal, Studies on the Human Cerebral Cortex IV: Structure of the Olfactory Cerebral Cortex of Man and Mammals, in Cajal on the Cerebral Cortex: An Annotated Translation of the Complete Writings, ed. J. DeFelipe and E. G. Jones (1901/02; New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 289 (курсив автора).

129

Robert Vassar et al., Topographic Organization of Sensory Projections to the Olfactory Bulb, Cell 79, no. 6 (1994): 981–991.

130

Gordon M. Shepherd, Neurogastronomy: How the Brain Creates Flavor and Why It Matters (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012), 66.

131

Edgar D. Adrian, Olfactory Reactions in the Brain of the Hedgehog, Journal of Physiology 100, no. 4 (1942): 459–473; Edgar D. Adrian, Sensory Messages and Sensation: The Response of the Olfactory Organ to Different Smells, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 29, no. 1 (1953): 12–13.

132

Gordon M. Shepherd, Gordon M. Shepherd, in The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography, vol. 7, ed. L. R. Squire, Society for Neuroscience, accessed March 31, 2019, http://www.sfn.org/About/History-of-Neuroscience/Autobiographical-Chapters.

133

Frank. R. Sharp, John S. Kauer, and Gordon M. Shepherd, Local Sites of Activity-Related Glucose Metabolism in Rat Olfactory Bulb during Odor Stimulation, Brain Research 98, no. 3 (1975): 596–600; William B. Stewart, John S. Kauer, and Gordon M. Shepherd, Functional Organization of the Rat Olfactory Bulb Analyzed by the 2-deoxyglucose Method, Journal of Comparative Neurology 185, no. 4 (1979): 489–495.

134

Peter Mombaerts et al., Visualizing an Olfactory Sensory Map, Cell 87, no. 4 (1996): 675–686.

135

Fuqiang Xu, Charles A. Greer, and Gordon M. Shepherd, Odor Maps in the Olfactory Bulb, Journal of Comparative Neurology 422, no. 4 (2000): 489–495; Gordon M. Shepherd, W. R. Chen, and Charles A. Greer, Olfactory Bulb, in The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed. G. M. Shepherd (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 165–216.

136

Quo vadis (лат.) – Куда идешь?

137

Эмерджентность – наличие у системы свойств, не присущих её компонентам по отдельности. – Прим. ред.

138

Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, and Philip Kraft, Scent and Chemistry: The Molecular World of Odors (Zürich: Wiley-VCH, 2011); Paolo Pelosi, On the Scent: A Journey through the Science of Smell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).

139

Donald A. Wilson and Richard J. Stevenson, Learning to Smell: Olfactory Perception from Neurobiology to Behavior (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006).

140

Gordon M. Shepherd, Neurogastronomy: How the Brain Creates Flavor and Why It Matters (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).

141

Constance Classen, David Howes, and Anthony Synnott, Aroma: The Cultural History of Smell (London: Routledge, 1994); Jim Drobnick, ed., The Smell Culture Reader (New York: Berg, 2006).

142

Andreas Keller, Philosophy of Olfactory Perception (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017); Barry C. Smith, The Nature of Sensory Experience: The Case of Taste and Tasting, Phenomenology and Mind 4 (2016): 212–227; Clare Batty, A Representational Account of Olfactory Experience, Canadian Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 4 (2010): 511–538.

143

Jean-Claude Ellena, The Diary of a Nose: A Year in the Life of a Parfumeur (London: Particular Books, 2012).

144

Paul H. Freedman, ed., Food: The History of Taste (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).

145

Nadia Berenstein, Designing Flavors for Mass Consumption, Senses and Society 13, no. 1 (2018): 19–40.

146

Самонаблюдение, изучение психических процессов самим человеком. – Прим. науч. ред.

147

Russell S. J. Keast and Andrew Costanzo, Is Fat the Sixth Taste Primary? Evidence and Implications, Flavour 4, no. 1 (2015): 5.

148

Linda M. Bartoshuk, Taste, Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience 2 (2018): 121–154.

149

Комплексное ощущение в полости рта, вызываемое вкусом, запахом и текстурой пищи. – Прим. ред.

150

International Standards Organization, ISO 18794:2018(en), https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso: std: iso:18794:ed-1:v1:en: term:3.1.6.

151

Седьмая пара черепно-мозговых нервов. – Прим. науч. ред.

152

Roger Jankowski, The Evo-Devo Origin of the Nose, Anterior Skull Base and Midface (Paris: Springer, 2016), chap. 6.

153

Dana M. Small et al., Differential Neural Responses Evoked by Orthonasal versus Retronasal Odorant Perception in Humans, Neuron 47, no. 4 (2005): 593–605.

154

Charles Spence, Oral Referral: On the Mislocalization of Odours to the Mouth, Food Quality and Preference 50 (2016): 117–128.

155

The Truth about Youth, McCann Worldgroup, 2011, https://mccann.com.au/wp-content/uploads/the-truth-about-youth.pdf.

156

David Melcher and Zoltán Vidnyánszky, Subthreshold Features of Visual Objects: Unseen but Not Unbound, Vision Research 46, no. 12 (2006): 1863–1867.

157

Birgitta Dresp-Langley, Why the Brain Knows More than We Do: Non-conscious Representations and Their Role in the Construction of Conscious Experience, Brain Sciences 2, no. 1 (2011): 1–21.

158

Andreas Keller et al., Genetic Variation in a Human Odorant Receptor Alters Odour Perception, Nature 449, no. 7161 (2007): 468; Casey Trimmer et al., Genetic Variation across the Human Olfactory Receptor Repertoire Alters Odor Perception, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 19 (2019): 9475–9480.

159

Nicholas Eriksson et al., A Genetic Variant near Olfactory Receptor Genes Influences Cilantro Preference, Flavour 1, no. 1 (2012): 22.

160

Философский термин для обозначения сенсорных, чувственных явлений любого рода. – Прим. ред.

161

Michael Tye, Qualia, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. E. Zalta, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia/.

162

Richard L. Doty, Avron Marcus, and W. William Lee, Development of the 12-Item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT), Laryngoscope 106, no. 3 (1996): 353–356.

163

Gordon M. Shepherd, The Human Sense of Smell: Are We Better than We Think? PLoS Biology 2, no. 5 (2004): e146.

164

Yaara Yeshurun and Noam Sobel, An Odor Is Not Worth a Thousand Words: From Multidimensional Odors to Unidimensional Odor Objects, Annual Review of Psychology 61 (2010): 219–241.

165

Shepherd, Neurogastronomy, chap. 8.

166

Тайлер Лориг – американский профессор, специалист в области обоняния. – Прим. пер.

167

Tyler S. Lorig, On the Similarity of Odor and Language Perception, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 23, no. 3 (1999): 391–398.

168

Asifa Majid and Niclas Burenhult, Odors Are Expressible in Language, as Long as You Speak the Right Language, Cognition 130, no. 2 (2014): 266–270.

169

Ewelina Wnuk and Asifa Majid, Revisiting the Limits of Language: The Odor Lexicon of Maniq, Cognition 131, no. 1 (2014): 125–138.

170

Jonas K. Olofsson and Donald A. Wilson, Human Olfaction: It Takes Two Villages, Current Biology 28, no. 3 (2018): R108–R110.

171

Andrew Dravnieks, Atlas of Odor Character Profiles (Philadelphia: ASTM, 1985).

172

Отсылка к картине художника-сюрреалиста Рене Магритта «Вероломство образов». – Прим. ред.

173

René Magritte, The Treachery of Images (Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1929).

174

William G. Lycan, Consciousness and Experience (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996).

175

Benjamin D. Young, Smelling Matter, Philosophical Psychology 29, no. 4 (2016): 520–534.

176

Ann-Sophie Barwich, A Critique of Olfactory Objects, Frontiers in Psychology (June 12, 2019), http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01337.

177

Сходство свойств веществ вследствие сходства их структуры. – Прим. ред.

178

Tali Weiss et al., Perceptual Convergence of Multi-component Mixtures in Olfaction Implies an Olfactory White, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 49 (2012): 19959–19964.

179

В качестве примера: Robert W. Moncrieff, The Chemical Senses (London: L. Hill, 1944); Ruth Gross-Isseroff and Doron Lancet, Concentration-Dependent Changes of Perceived Odour Quality, Chemical Senses 13, no. 2 (1988): 191–204; Andrew Dravnieks, Odor Measurement, Environmental Letters 3, no. 2 (1972): 81–100.

180

Henk Maarse, ed., Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages (New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, 1991).

181

Kathleen M. Dorries et al., Changes in Sensitivity to the Odor of Androstenone during Adolescence, Developmental Psychobiology 22, no. 5 (1989): 423–435.

182

Donald A. Wilson, Pattern Separation and Completion in Olfaction, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1170, no. 1 (2009): 306–312.

183

Dan Rokni et al., An Olfactory Cocktail Party: Figure-Ground Segregation of Odorants in Rodents, Nature Neuroscience 17, no. 9 (2014): 1225.

184

Christophe Laudamiel, The Human Sense of Smell, Center for Science and Society at Columbia University, видео на YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7uhbnRJvc8.

185

Daniel C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (New York: Back Bay Books, 1991), 9.

186

Теодор Фонтейн (1819–1898) – немецкий поэт и романист. – Прим. пер.

187

Andreas A. Keller and Leslie B. Vosshall, Human Olfactory Psycho-physics, Current Biology 14, no. 20 (2004): R875–R878.

188

Idan Frumin et al., A Social Chemosignaling Function for Human Handshaking, eLife 4 (2015): e05154.

189

Clare Batty, A Representational Account of Olfactory Experience, Canadian Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 4 (2010): 511–538; Clare Batty, What the Nose Doesn’t Know: Non-veridicality and Olfactory Experience, Journal of Consciousness Studies 17, no. 3–4 (2010): 10–27; Clare Batty, Smell, Philosophical Perspectives, in Encyclopedia of the Mind, ed. H. E. Pashler (Los Angeles: SAGE, 2013), 700–704.

190

Интенциональность – философское понятие, обозначающее центральное свойство человеческого сознания – быть направленным на некоторый объект. – Прим. ред.

191

Tim Crane, Elements of the Mind: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).

192

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emilius and Sophia: Or, A New System of Education, vol. 1 (London: T. Becket and P.A. de Hondt, 1763), 294.

193

Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (Boston: Tricknor and Fields, 1865), 88; для сравнения: Constance Classen, David Howes, and Anthony Synnott, Aroma: The Cultural History of Smell (London: Routledge, 1994), 87.

194

Jean-Paul Guerlain, quoted in Suzanne Biallôt, Taking Leave of Your Senses, Elle 8, no. 1 (1992): 266; Jean-Paul Guerlain, quoted in Ellen Stern, Shalimar and the House of Guerlain, Gourmet 56, no. 3 (1996): 84.

195

Marcel Proust, Within a Budding Grove, in Remembrance of Things Past, vol. 1, Swann’s Way, trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff (1922; New York: Modern Library, 1992), 48.

196

Цит. по: Пруст Марсель. В поисках утраченного времени: В сторону Свана. СПб.: Сов. писатель, 1992. Перевод А. А. Франковского.

197

Crétien Van Campen, The Proust Effect: The Senses as Doorways to Lost Memories, trans. J. Ross (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).

198

Avery N. Gilbert, What the Nose Knows: The Science of Scent in Everyday Life (New York: Crown Publisher, 2008), chap. 10, esp. 351.

199

Rachel S. Herz, Trygg Engen, Pioneer of Olfactory Psychology, 1926–2009, Chemosensory Perception 3, no. 2 (2010): 135; Gesualdo Zucco, Professor Trygg Engen (1926–2009), Chemical Senses 35, no. 3 (2010): 181–182.

200

Harry T. Lawless and William S. Cain, Recognition Memory for Odors, Chemical Senses 1, no. 3 (1975): 331–337.

201

Rachel Herz and Trygg Engen, Odor Memory: Review and Analysis, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 3, no. 3 (1996): 300–313.

202

Harry T. Lawless and Trygg Engen, Associations to Odors: Interference, Mnemonics, and Verbal Labeling, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 3, no. 1 (1977): 52.

203

Кадеверин (1,5-диаминопентан) – один из продуктов гниения, ответственных за характерный «трупный запах». – Прим. пер

204

Lizzie Ostrom, Perfume: A Century of Scents (London: Random House, 2015); Laura Eliza Enriquez, Perfume: A Sensory Journey through Contemporary Scent, The Senses and Society 13, no. 1 (2018): 126–130.

205

Rachel Herz, Perfume, in Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward, Frontiers in Neuroscience, ed. J. Gottfried (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011), 371.

206

Benoist Schaal, Luc Marlier, and Robert Soussignan, Human Foetuses Learn Odours from Their Pregnant Mother’s Diet, Chemical Senses 25, no. 6 (2000): 729–737.

207

В качестве примера: Paul Rozin and Edward B. Royzman, Negativity Bias, Negativity Dominance, and Contagion, Personality and Social Psychology Review 5, no. 4 (2001): 296–320; Paul Rozin, Amy Wrzesniewski, and Deidre Byrnes, The Elusiveness of Evaluative Conditioning, Learning and Motivation 29, no. 4 (1998): 397–415.

208

Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986).

209

Melanie A. Kiechle, Smell Detectives: An Olfactory History of Nineteenth-Century Urban America (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2017).

210

K. Liddell, Smell as a Diagnostic Marker, Postgraduate Medical Journal 52, no. 605 (1976): 136–138.

211

В качестве примера: Michael McCulloch et al., Diagnostic Accuracy of Canine Scent Detection in Early– and Late-Stage Lung and Breast Cancers, Integrative Cancer Therapies 5, no. 1 (2006): 30–39; Leon Frederick Campbell et al., Canine Olfactory Detection of Malignant Melanoma, BMJ Case Reports (2013): bcr2013008566.

212

Elizabeth Quigley, Scientists Sniff Out Parkinson’s Disease Smell, BBC News, 18 декабря 2017, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-42252411.

213

Claire Guest, Daisy’s Gift: The Remarkable Cancer-Detecting Dog Who Saved My Life (New York: Random House, 2016).

214

Ann-Sophie Barwich and Hasok Chang, Sensory Measurements: Coordination and Standardization, Biological Theory 10, no. 3 (2015): 200–211.

215

Richard L. Doty, Paul Shaman, and Michael Dann, Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: A Standardized Microencapsulated Test of Olfactory Function, Physiology & Behavior 32, no. 3 (1984): 489–502; Daniel A. Deems et al., Smell and Taste Disorders, a Study of 750 Patients from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, Archives of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery 117, no. 5 (1991): 519–528; Richard L. Doty, Smell and the Degenerating Brain, The Scientist, 1 октября 2013, http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37603/title/Smell-and-the-Degenerating-Brain/; Isabelle A. Tourbier and Richard L. Doty, Sniff Magnitude Test: Relationship to Odor Identification, Detection, and Memory Tests in a Clinic Population, Chemical Senses 32, no. 6 (2007): 515–523.

216

Andreas F. Temmel et al., Characteristics of Olfactory Disorders in Relation to Major Causes of Olfactory Loss, Archives of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery 128, no. 6 (2002): 635–641; Thomas Hummel, Basile N. Landis, and Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink, Smell and Taste Disorders, GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 10 (2011): Doc04.

217

Thomas Hummel et al., ‘Sniffin’ Sticks’: Olfactory Performance Assessed by the Combined Testing of Odor Identification, Odor Discrimination and Olfactory Threshold, Chemical Senses 22, no. 1 (1997): 39–52.

218

Jörn Lötsch, Heinz Reichmann, and Thomas Hummel, Different Odor Tests Contribute Differently to the Evaluation of Olfactory Loss, Chemical Senses 33, no. 1 (2008): 17–21.

219

Avery N. Gilbert et al., Olfactory Discrimination of Mouse Strains (Mus musculus) and Major Histocompatibility Types by Humans (Homo sapiens), Journal of Comparative Psychology 100, no. 3 (1986): 262.

220

Claus Wedekind et al., MHC-Dependent Mate Preferences in Humans, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 260, no. 1359 (1995): 245–249; Manfred Milinski, The Major Histocompatibility Complex, Sexual Selection, and Mate Choice, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 37 (2006): 159–186; Andreas Ziegler, Heribert Kentenich, and Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler, Female Choice and the MHC, Trends in Immunology 26, no. 9 (2005): 496–502; Claire Dandine-Roulland et al., Genomic Evidence for MHC Disassortative Mating in Humans, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1899 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2664.

221

Shani Gelstein et al., Human Tears Contain a Chemosignal, Science 331, no. 6014 (2011): 226–230.

222

Michael J. Russell, Human Olfactory Communication, Nature 260 (1976): 520–522.

223

Исходное исследование: Martha K. McClintock, Menstrual Synchrony and Suppression, Nature 229 (1971): 244–245; критическая оценка: Jeffrey C. Schank, Menstrual-Cycle Synchrony: Problems and New Directions for Research, Journal of Comparative Psychology 115 (2001): 3–15; дополнительный контекст: Donald A. Wilson and Richard J. Stevenson, Learning to Smell: Olfactory Perception from Neurobiology to Behavior (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006).

224

Kobi Snitz et al., SmellSpace: An Odor-Based Social Network as a Platform for Collecting Olfactory Perceptual Data, Chemical Senses 44, no. 4 (2019): 267–278.

225

Shlomo Wagner et al., A Multireceptor Genetic Approach Uncovers an Ordered Integration of VNO Sensory Inputs in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb, Neuron 50, no. 5 (2006): 697–709; Stephen D. Liberles and Linda B. Buck, A Second Class of Chemosensory Receptors in the Olfactory Epithelium, Nature 442, no. 7103 (2006): 645.

226

Peter Karlson and Martin Lüscher, ‘Pheromones’: A New Term for a Class of Biologically Active Substances, Nature 183 (1959): 55–56.

227

Tristram D. Wyatt, Fifty Years of Pheromones, Nature 457, no. 7227 (2009): 262.

228

Richard L. Doty, The Great Pheromone Myth (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010).

229

В качестве примера: Milos Novotny et al., Synthetic Pheromones That Promote Inter-male Aggression in Mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 82, no. 7 (1985): 2059–2061.

230

Benoist Schaal et al., Chemical and Behavioural Characterization of the Rabbit Mammary Pheromone, Nature 424, no. 6944 (2003): 68.

231

Stephen D. Liberles, Mammalian Pheromones, Annual Review of Physiology 76 (2014): 151–175.

232

Tristram D. Wyatt, Pheromones and Animal Behaviour: Communication by Smell and Taste (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).

233

О концептуальном сравнении «перцептивного пространства» в разных модальностях: Ingvar Johansson, Perceptual Spaces Are Sense-Modality-Neutral, Open Philosophy 1, no. 1 (2018): 14–39. Я согласна с Йоханссоном, что пространственное отображение требует интегрированного анализа модальностей, но не согласна с пренебрежением к различиям в пространственном кодировании в разных системах чувств.

234

John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (London: Thomas Bassett, 1690).

235

Thomas Nagel, What Is It Like to Be a Bat? Philosophical Review 83, no. 4 (1974): 435–450.

236

Margaret Livingstone, Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2002).

237

Mazviita Chirimuuta, Outside Color: Perceptual Science and the Puzzle of Color in Philosophy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015).

238

Joel D. Mainland et al., From Molecule to Mind: An Integrative Perspective on Odor Intensity, Trends in Neurosciences 37, no. 8 (2014): 443–454.

239

Yevgeniy B. Sirotin, Roman Shusterman, and Dmitry Rinberg, Neural Coding of Perceived Odor Intensity, eNeuro 2, no. 6 (2015): ENEURO.0083-15.2015.

240

Daniel C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (London: Penguin, 1991).

241

Neil J. Vickers et al., «Odour-Plume Dynamics Influence the Brain’s Olfactory Code», Nature 410, no. 6827 (2001): 466; Antonio Celani, Emmanuel Villermaux, and Massimo Vergassola, «Odor Landscapes in Turbulent Environments», Physical Review X 4, no. 4 (2014): 041015, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.4.041015; Ring T. Cardé and Mark A. Willis, «Navigational Strategies Used by Insects to Find Distant, Wind-Borne Sources of Odor», Journal of Chemical Ecology 34, no. 7 (2008): 854–866; Seth A. Budick and Michael H. Dickinson, «Free-Flight Responses of Drosophila melanogaster to Attractive Odors», Journal of Experimental Biology 209 (2006): 3001–017.

242

Инфотаксис – алгоритм движения насекомого к источнику запаха, повышающий эффективность поиска. – Прим. пер.

243

Massimo Vergassola, Emmanuel Villermaux, and Boris I. Shraiman, «‘Infotaxis’ as a Strategy for Searching without Gradients», Nature 445, no. 7126 (2007): 406.

244

Энактивизм и эмбодимент – философские теории. Энактивизм предполагает, что сознание – это естественная активность человека, и познание происходит путем включения человека в мир, энактивации мира. Концепция эмбодимента, или «воплощенного сознания», постулирует, что мы познаем не мозгом, а всем своим существом, что сознание «распределено» во всем теле. – Прим. пер.

245

Noam Sobel et al., «Sniffing Longer rather than Stronger to Maintain Olfactory Detection Threshold», Chemical Senses 25, no. 1 (2000): 1–8; Stefan Heilmann and Thomas Hummel, «A New Method for Comparing Orthonasal and Retronasal Olfaction», Behavioral Neuroscience 118, no. 2 (2004): 412–419; Kai Zhao et al., «Effect of Anatomy on Human Nasal Air Flow and Odorant Transport Patterns: Implications for Olfaction», Chemical Senses 29, no. 5 (2004): 365–379.

246

Joel Mainland and Noam Sobel, The Sniff Is Part of the Olfactory Percept, Chemical Senses 31, no. 2 (2005): 181–196.

247

M. Hasegawa and E. B. Kern, The Human Nasal Cycle, Mayo Clinic Proceedings 52, no. 1 (1977): 28–34; R. Kahana-Zweig et al., Measuring and Characterizing the Human Nasal Cycle, PloS One 11, no. 10 (2016): e0162918.

248

Lucia F. Jacobs et al., Olfactory Orientation and Navigation in Humans, PloS One 10, no. 6 (2015): e0129387.

249

Jess Porter et al., Mechanisms of Scent-Tracking in Humans, Nature Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (2007): 27.

250

Alexandra Horowitz, Inside of a Dog: What Dogs See, Smell, and Known (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010).

251

Matt Wachowiak, All in a Sniff: Olfaction as a Model for Active Sensing, Neuron 71, no. 6 (2011): 962–973.

252

James J. Gibson, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966); James J. Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (1979; New York: Psychology Press, 2015).

253

Humberto R. Maturana, and Francisco J. Varela, Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living (Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Science&Business Media, 1991); Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017).

254

Susan Hurley, Perception and Action: Alternative Views, Synthese 129, no. 1 (2001): 3–40; Fred Keijzer, Representation and Behavior (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001).

255

Rufin VanRullen, Perceptual Cycles, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20, no. 10 (2016): 723–735.

256

Leslie M. Kay et al., Olfactory Oscillations: The What, How and What For, Trends in Neurosciences 32, no. 4 (2009): 207–214.

257

Christina Zelano et al., Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function, Journal of Neuroscience 36, no. 49 (2016): 12448–12467.

258

Rebecca Jordan et al., Active Sampling State Dynamically Enhances Olfactory Bulb Odor Representation, Neuron 98, no. 6 (2018): 1214–1228.

259

Rebecca Jordan, Mihaly Kollo, and Andreas T. Schaefer, Sniffing Fast: Paradoxical Effects on Odor Concentration Discrimination at the Levels of Olfactory Bulb Output and Behavior, eNeuro 5, no. 5 (2018): ENEURO.0148-18.2018.

260

Ulric Neisser, Cognition and Reality: Principles and Implication of Cognitive Psychology (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1976).

261

Hermann von Helmholtz, Concerning the Perceptions in General, in Treatise on Physiological Optics, vol. 3, ed. and trans. J.P. C. Southall (1866; New York: Optical Society of America, 1925), 1–37; Theo C. Meyering, Historical Roots of Cognitive Science: The Rise of a Cognitive Theory of Perception from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century (Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, 2012), chaps. 7–11.

262

Paul M. Wise, Mats J. Olsson, and William S. Cain, Quantification of Odor Quality, Chemical Senses 25, no. 4 (2000): 429–443; Ann-Sophie Barwich, A Sense So Rare: Measuring Olfactory Experiences and Making a Case for a Process Perspective on Sensory Perception, Biological Theory 9, no. 3 (2014): 258–268.

263

Adam K. Anderson et al., Dissociated Neural Representations of Intensity and Valence in Human Olfaction, Nature Neuroscience 6, no. 2 (2003): 196; Dana M. Small et al., Dissociation of Neural Representation of Intensity and Affective Valuation in Human Gustation, Neuron 39, no. 4 (2003): 701–711; Joel D. Mainland et al., From Molecule to Mind: An Integrative Perspective on Odor Intensity, Trends in Neurosciences 37, no. 8 (2014): 443–454.

264

Ann-Sophie Barwich, A Critique of Olfactory Objects, Frontiers in Psychology (June 12, 2019), http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01337.

265

Mike W. Oram and David I. Perrett, Modeling Visual Recognition from Neurobiological Constraints, Neural Networks 7, no. 6–7 (1994): 945–972.

266

Irving Biederman, Recognition-by-Components: A Theory of Human Image Understanding, Psychological Review 94, no. 2 (1987): 115.

267

Yukako Yamane et al., A Neural Code for Three-Dimensional Object Shape in Macaque Inferotemporal Cortex, Nature Neuroscience 11, no. 11 (2008): 1352.

268

Christopher Peacocke, Sensational Properties: Theses to Accept and Theses to Reject, Revue internationale de philosophie 62, no. 242 (2008): 11.

269

Многомерное восприятие звукового образа, которое отражает представление слушающих о расположении источника звука и о характеристиках пространства, в котором происходит звуковое событие. – Прим. ред.

270

Единица измерения расстояний, равная 10^–10 м. – Прим. ред.

271

Andreas Keller et al., Predicting Human Olfactory Perception from Chemical Features of Odor Molecules, Science 355, no. 6327 (2017): 820–826.

272

Andreas Keller and Leslie B. Vosshall, Olfactory Perception of Chemically Diverse Molecules, BMC Neuroscience 17, no. 1 (2016): 55.

273

Краудсорсинг – привлечение неквалифицированных добровольцев, часто для работы в интернете, позволяющее максимально снизить расходы на исследование. – Прим. пер.

274

Ed Yong, Scientists Stink at Reverse-Engineering Smells, The Atlantic, 16 ноября 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/how-to-reverse-engineer-smells/507608/.

275

Avery N. Gilbert, Can We Predict a Molecule’s Smell from Its Physical Characteristics? First Nerve, 23 февраля 2017, http://www.firstnerve.com/2017/02/can-we-predict-molecules-smell-from-its.html.

276

Черный ящик – алгоритм, для которого известны лишь входные и выходные данные. – Прим. ред.

277

Kerry J. Ressler, Susan L. Sullivan,and Linda B. Buck, A Zonal Organization of Odorant Receptor Gene Expression in the Olfactory Epithelium, Cell 73, no. 3 (1993): 597–609.

278

Шкала, для которой справедливо правило сложения. – Прим. ред.

279

Donald A. Wilson and Richard J. Stevenson, Learning to Smell: Olfactory Perception from Neurobiology to Behavior (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006).

280

Erwan Poivet et al., Applying Medicinal Chemistry Strategies to Understand Odorant Discrimination, Nature Communications 7 (2016): 11157; Erwan Poivet et al., Functional Odor Classification through a Medicinal Chemistry Approach, Science Advances 4, no. 2 (2018): eaao6086.

281

Изучение упорядоченного пространственного расположения обонятельных клубочков. – Прим. ред.

282

Недоопределенная система – система уравнений, число уравнений в которой меньше числа неизвестных. Такая система либо имеет бесконечное число решений, либо не имеет решений вовсе. – Прим. ред.

283

Bettina Malnic et al., Combinatorial Receptor Codes for Odors, Cell 96, no. 5 (1999): 713–723.

284

«Флатландия» – роман Эдвина Э. Эбботта (1884 год); по роману было снято несколько фильмов, в том числе одноименный художественный фильм, в русском переводе получивший название «Плоский мир». – Прим. пер.

285

Edwin A. Abbott, Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions (1884; London: Penguin, 1987).

286

Lu Xu et al., Widespread Receptor Driven Modulation in Peripheral Olfactory Coding, bioRxiv: 760330, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/ 760330v1. Это исследование аспирант Фаерштейна Лу Сюй проводил в то время, когда я работала в их лаборатории, и оно еще не было опубликовано. Однако Фаерштейн представлял эти данные несколько раз к глубочайшему изумлению публики.

287

Matthew B. Bouchard et al., Swept Confocally-Aligned Planar Excitation (SCAPE) Microscopy for High-Speed Volumetric Imaging of Behaving Organisms, Nature Photonics 9, no. 2 (2015): 113.

288

Прохождение (или искуственное пропусканние) крови или лимфы через ткани организма. – Прим. ред.

289

Метод исследования системы гемостаза, обеспечивающей как сохранение жидкого состояния циркулирующей крови, так и предупреждение и остановку кровотечений. – Прим. ред.

290

Агонист – химическое соединение (лиганд), которое при взаимодействии с рецептором изменяет его состояние, вызывая биологический отклик; обычные агонисты усиливают отклик, обратные агонисты уменьшают его, а антагонисты блокируют действие рецептора. – Прим. пер.

291

William S. Cain, Odor Intensity: Mixtures and Masking, Chemical Senses 1, no. 3 (1975): 339–352; Douglas J. Gillan, Taste-Taste, Odor-Odor, and Taste-Odor Mixtures – Greater Suppression within than between Modalities, Perception & Psychophysics 33, no. 2 (1983): 183–185; David G. Laing et al., Quality and Intensity of Binary Odor Mixtures, Physiology & Behavior 33, no. 2 (1984): 309–319; Leslie M. Kay, Tanja Crk, and Jennifer Thorngate, A Redefinition of Odor Mixture Quality, Behavioral Neuroscience 119, no. 2 (2005): 726–733; Larry Cashion, Andrew Livermore, and Thomas Hummel, Odour Suppression in Binary Mixtures, Biological Psychology 73, no. 3 (2006): 288–297; M. A. Chaput et al., Interactions of Odorants with Olfactory Receptors and Receptor Neurons Match the Perceptual Dynamics Observed for Woody and Fruity Odorant Mixtures, European Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 4 (2012): 584–597.

292

Ricardo C. Araneda, Abhay D. Kini, and Stuart Firestein, The Molecular Receptive Range of an Odorant Receptor, Nature Neuroscience 3, no. 12 (2000): 1248–1255; Yuki Oka et al., Olfactory Receptor Antagonism between Odorants, EMBO Journal 23, no. 1 (2004): 120–126; Georgina Cruz and Graeme Lowe, Neural Coding of Binary Mixtures in a Structurally Related Odorant Pair, Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 1220; Peterlin Zita et al., The Importance of Odorant Conformation to the Binding and Activation of a Representative Olfactory Receptor, Chemistry&Biology 15, no. 12 (2008): 1317–1327; Chaput et al., Interactions of Odorants with Olfactory Receptors.

293

Xu et al., Modulation in Peripheral Olfactory Coding.

294

P. K. Stanford, Exceeding Our Grasp: Science, History, and the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).

295

Firmenich, Firmenich Demonstrates Role of Smell to Accelerate New Toilet Economy, 7 ноября 2018, https://www.firmenich.com/en_INT/company/news/Firmenich-demonstrates-role-of-smell-to-accelerate-new-toilet-economy.html.

296

David G. Laing and G. W. Francis, The Capacity of Humans to Identify Odors in Mixtures, Physiology&Behavior 46, no. 5 (1989): 809–814; David G. Laing, Coding of Chemosensory Stimulus Mixtures, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510 (1987): 61–66.

297

Marion E. Frank, Dane B. Fletcher, and Thomas P. Hettinger, Recognition of the Component Odors in Mixtures, Chemical Senses 42, no. 7 (2017): 537–546.

298

Thomas P. Hettinger and Marion E. Frank, Stochastic and Temporal Models of Olfactory Perception, Chemosensors 6, no. 4 (2018): 44.

299

Vicente Ferreira, Revisiting Psychophysical Work on the Quantitative and Qualitative Odour Properties of Simple Odour Mixtures: A Flavour Chemistry View. Part 2, Qualitative Aspects. A Review, Flavour&Fragrance Journal 27, no. 3 (2012): 201–215.

300

Madeleine M. Rochelle, Géraldine Julie Prévost, and Terry E. Acree, Computing Odor Images, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 10 (2017): 2219–2225.

301

Конвергенция – совпадение каких-либо свойств организмов различных видов не в результате общности происхождения, а вследствие приспособления к относительно одинаковым условиям жизни. – Прим. ред.

302

Они же гломерулы. – Прим. науч. ред.

303

Ramón y Cajal, Croonian Lecture: La fine structure des centres nerveux, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 55 (1894): 444–468; Ramón y Cajal, Studies on the Human Cerebral Cortex IV: Structure of the Olfactory Cerebral Cortex of Man and Mammals, in Cajal on the Cerebral Cortex: An Annotated Translation of the Complete Writings, ed. J. DeFelipe and E. G. Jones (1901/02; New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).

304

Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works (London: Penguin Books, 1998), 183; в переводе на русский язык: Пинкер Стивен, Как работает мозг, М.: Кучково поле, 2017.

305

John P. McGann, Poor Human Olfaction Is a 19th-Century Myth, Science 356, no. 6338 (2017): eaam7263.

306

Shyam Srinivasan and Charles F. Stevens, Scaling Principles of Distributed Circuits, Current Biology 29, no. 15 (2019): 2533–2540e.7.

307

Kara E. Yopak et al., A Conserved Pattern of Brain Scaling from Sharks to Primates, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 29 (2010): 12946–12951.

308

Межклеточном. – Прим. ред.

309

Leslie M. Kay and S. Murray Sherman, An Argument for an Olfactory Thalamus, Trends in Neurosciences 30, no. 2 (2007): 47–53.

310

Camillo Golgi, Sulla fina struttura dei bulbi olfactorii, Rivista sperimentale di freniatria e medicina legale 1 (1875): 66–78; английский перевод статьи Гольджи о луковице представлен в работе: Gordon M. Shepherd et al., The Olfactory Granule Cell: From Classical Enigma to Central Role in Olfactory Processing, Brain Research Reviews 55, no. 2 (2007): 373–382.

311

Mark D. Eyre, Miklos Antal, and Zoltan Nusser, Distinct Deep Short-Axon Cell Subtypes of the Main Olfactory Bulb Provide Novel Intrabulbar and Extrabulbar GABAergic Connections, Journal of Neuroscience 28, no. 33 (2008): 8217–8229.

312

Venkatesh N. Murthy, Olfactory Maps in the Brain, Annual Review of Neuroscience 34 (2011): 233–258.

313

Кул-Эйд (Kool-Aid) – популярный в США растворимый безалкогольный напиток с разными фруктовыми вкусами. – Прим. пер.

314

Thomas A. Cleland, Early Transformations in Odor Representation, Trends in Neuroscience 33, no. 3 (2010): 130–139.

315

Murthy, Olfactory Maps, 250.

316

Edward R. Soucy et al., Precision and Diversity in an Odor Map on the Olfactory Bulb, Nature Neuroscience 12, no. 2 (2009): 210.

317

Soucy et al., Precision and Diversity in an Odor Map.

318

Elissa A. Hallem and John R. Carlson, Coding of Odors by a Receptor Repertoire, Cell 125, no. 1 (2006): 143–160.

319

Rainer W. Friedrich and Mark Stopfer, Recent Dynamics in Olfactory Population Coding, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11, no. 4 (2001): 468–474; Gilles Laurent, A Systems Perspective on Early Olfactory Coding, Science 286, no. 5440 (1999): 723–728.

320

Paolo Lorenzon et al., Circuit Formation and Function in the Olfactory Bulb of Mice with Reduced Spontaneous Afferent Activity, Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 1 (2015): 146–160.

321

Frank R. Sharp, John S. Kauer, and Gordon M. Shepherd, Local Sites of Activity-Related Glucose Metabolism in Rat Olfactory Bulb during Odor Stimulation, Brain Research 98, no. 3 (1975): 596–600; W. B. Steward et al., Functional Organization of Rat Olfactory Bulb Analysed by the 2-Deoxyglucose Method, Journal of Comparative Neurology 185, no. 4 (1979): 715–734.

322

Peter Mombaerts et al., Visualizing an Olfactory Sensory Map, Cell 87, no. 4 (1996): 675–686.

323

Peter Mombaerts, Odorant Receptor Gene Choice in Olfactory Sensory Neurons: The One Receptor – One Neuron Hypothesis Revisited, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 14, no. 1 (2004): 31–36.

324

Kensaku Mori and Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Molecular Recognition and Olfactory Processing in the Mammalian Olfactory System, Progress in Neurobiology 45, no. 6 (1995): 585–619; Naoshige Uchida et al., Odor Maps in the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb: Domain Organization and Odorant Structural Features, Nature Neuroscience 3, no. 10 (2000): 1035; Kensaku Mori et al., Maps of Odorant Molecular Features in the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb, Physiological Reviews 86, no. 2 (2006): 409–433.

325

Fuqiang Xu, Charles A. Greer, and Gordon M. Shepherd, Odor Maps in the Olfactory Bulb, Journal of Comparative Neurology 422, no. 4 (2000): 489–495; OdorMapDB: Home – SenseLab, Olfactory Bulb Odor Map DataBase, Yale University, https://senselab.med.yale.edu/odormapdb/.

326

Leonardo Belluscio et al., Odorant Receptors Instruct Functional Circuitry in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb, Nature 419, no. 6904 (2002): 296.

327

Paul Feinstein et al., Axon Guidance of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons by Odorant Receptors and the β2 Adrenergic Receptor, Cell 117, no. 6 (2004): 833–846.

328

Dong-Jing Zou, Alexaner Chesler, and Stuart Firestein, How the Olfactory Bulb Got Its Glomeruli: A Just So Story? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10, no. 8 (2009): 611–618.

329

Диаметр клубочков млекопитающих колеблется от 30 до 200 мкм. – Прим. авт.

330

Bolek Zapiec and Peter Mombaerts, Multiplex Assessment of the Positions of Odorant Receptor-Specific Glomeruli in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb by Serial Two-Photon Tomography, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 43 (2015): E5873–E5882.

331

Zapiec and Mombaerts, Positions of Odorant Receptor-Specific Glomeruli, E5873.

332

От перефирии к центру. – Прим. ред.

333

N. Buonviso et al., Short-Lasting Exposure to One Odour Decreases General Reactivity in the Olfactory Bulb of Adult Rats, European Journal of Neuroscience 10, no. 7 (1998): 2472–2475; N. Buonviso and M. Chaput, Olfactory Experience Decreases Responsiveness of the Olfactory Bulb in the Adult Rat, Neuroscience 95, no. 2 (2000): 325–332.

334

Rémi Gervais et al., What Do Electrophysiological Studies Tell Us about Processing at the Olfactory Bulb Level? Journal of Physiology 101, no. 1–3 (2007): 40–45.

335

Rachel A. Ankeny and Sabina Leonelli, What’s So Special about Model Organisms? Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42, no. 2 (2011): 313–323.

336

Alison Maresh et al., Principles of Glomerular Organization in the Human Olfactory Bulb – Implications for Odor Processing, PloS One 3, no. 7 (2008): e2640.

337

Thomas A. Cleland and Praveen Sethupathy, Non-topographical Contrast Enhancement in the Olfactory Bulb, BMC Neuroscience 7 (2006): 7.

338

Andy Clark, Whatever Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of Cognitive Science, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 3 (2013): 181–204.

339

Erich Holst and Horst Mittelstaedt, Das Reafferenzprinzip, Natur-wissenschaften 37, no. 20 (1950): 464–476; Roger W. Sperry, Neural Basis of the Spontaneous Optokinetic Response Produced by Visual Inversion, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 43, no. 6 (1950): 482–489.

340

Экзафферентный сигнал – восходящий нервный сигнал, идущий от внешнего предмета. Реафферентный сигнал – его противоположность, восходящий сигнал, вызванный собственными действиями организма. – Прим. пер.

341

Ann-Sophie Barwich, Measuring the World: Towards a Process Model of Perception, in Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology, ed. D. Nicholson and J. Dupré (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 227–256.

342

Christine A. Skarda and Walter J. Freeman, How Brains Make Chaos in Order to Make Sense of the World, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, no. 2 (1987): 161–173; Walter J. Freeman, Simulation of Chaotic EEG Patterns with a Dynamic Model of the Olfactory System, Biological Cybernetics 56, no. 2–3 (1987): 139–150; Yong Yao and Walter J. Freeman, Model of Biological Pattern Recognition with Spatially Chaotic Dynamics, Neural Networks 3, no. 2 (1990): 153–170; Walter J. Freeman, Neural Networks and Chaos, Journal of Theoretical Biology 171, no. 1 (1994): 13–18; Walter J. Freeman, Characterization of State Transitions in Spatially Distributed, Chaotic, Nonlinear, Dynamical Systems in Cerebral Cortex, Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science 29, no. 3 (1994): 294–306.

343

Anthony Chemero, Empirical and Metaphysical Anti-representationalism, in Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences, ed. A. Riegler, M. Peschi, and A. von Stein (Boston: Springer, 1999), 41.

344

Leslie M. Kay, Larry R. Lancaster, and Walter J. Freeman, Reafference and Attractors in the Olfactory System during Odor Recognition, International Journal of Neural Systems 7, no. 4 (1996): 489–495.

345

Gilles Laurent, Olfactory Network Dynamics and the Coding of Multidimensional Signals, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3, no. 11 (2002): 884.

346

«Энигма» (от нем. Änigma – загадка) – переносная шифровальная машина, использовавшаяся для шифрования и расшифровки секретных сообщений преимущественно в середине XX века. – Прим. ред.

347

Dan D. Stettler and Richard Axel, Representations of Odor in the Piriform Cortex, Neuron 63, no. 6 (2009): 854–864.

348

Dara L. Sosulski et al., Distinct Representations of Olfactory Information in Different Cortical Centres, Nature 472, no. 7342 (2011): 213.

349

M. Inês Vicente and Zachary F. Mainen, Convergence in the Piriform Cortex, Neuron 70, no. 1 (2011): 1–2.

350

Воспроизводящиеся на выходе после сжатия на промежуточных этапах. – Прим. ред.

351

Lewis B. Haberly, Parallel-Distributed Processing in Olfactory Cortex: New Insights from Morphological and Physiological Analysis of Neuronal Circuitry, Chemical Senses 26, no. 5 (2001): 551–576; Robert L. Rennaker et al., Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Odorant-Evoked Activity in the Piriform Cortex, Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 7 (2007): 1534–1542; Donald A. Wilson and Regina M. Sullivan, Cortical Processing of Odor Objects, Neuron 72, no. 4 (2011): 506–519; Donald A. Wilson, Mikiko Kadohisa, and Max L. Fletcher, Cortical Contributions to Olfaction: Plasticity and Perception, Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 17, no. 4 (2006): 462–470; Merav Stern et al., A Transformation from Temporal to Ensemble Coding in a Model of Piriform Cortex, eLife 7 (2018): e34831; Kevin A. Bolding et al., Pattern Recovery by Recurrent Circuits in Piriform Cortex, bioRxiv 694331 (2019): 694331; Naoshige Uchida, Cindy Poo, and Rafi Haddad, Coding and Transformations in the Olfactory System, Annual Review of Neuroscience 37 (2014): 363–385; P. Litaudon et al., Piriform Cortex Functional Heterogeneity Revealed by Cellular Responses to Odours, European Journal of Neuroscience 17, no. 11 (2003): 2457–2461; Cindy Poo and Jeffry S. Isaacson, An Early Critical Period for Long-Term Plasticity and Structural Modification of Sensory Synapses in Olfactory Cortex, Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 28 (2007): 7553–7558.

352

Vicente and Mainen, Convergence in the Piriform Cortex.

353

Chien-Fu F. Chen et al., Nonsensory Target-Dependent Organization of Piriform Cortex, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 47 (2014): 16931–16936.

354

Benjamin Roland et al., Odor Identity Coding by Distributed Ensembles of Neurons in the Mouse Olfactory Cortex, eLife 6 (2017): e26337.

355

John J. Hopfield, Pattern Recognition Computation Using Action Potential Timing for Stimulus Representation, Nature 376, no. 6535 (1995): 33; Brice Bathellier, Olivier Gschwend, and Alan Carleton, Temporal Coding in Olfaction, in The Neurobiology of Olfaction, ed. A. Menini (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010), chapter 13.

356

Christopher D. Wilson et al., A Primacy Code for Odor Identity, Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (2017): 1477.

357

Rebecca Jordan, Mihaly Kollo, and Andreas T. Schaefer, Sniffing Fast: Paradoxical Effects on Odor Concentration Discrimination at the Levels of Olfactory Bulb Output and Behavior, eNeuro 5, no. 5 (2018), http://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0148-18.2018.

358

Roman Shusterman et al., Sniff Invariant Odor Coding, eNeuro 5, no. 6 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0149-18.2018.

359

Gilles Laurent, Michael Wehr, and Hananel Davidowitz, Temporal Representations of Odors in an Olfactory Network, Journal of Neuroscience 16, no. 12 (1996): 3837–3847; Gilles Laurent and Hananel Davidowitz, Encoding of Olfactory Information with Oscillating Neural Assemblies, Science 265, no. 5180 (1994): 1872–1875; Joshua P. Martin et al., The Neurobiology of Insect Olfaction: Sensory Processing in a Comparative Context, Progress in Neurobiology 95, no. 3 (2011): 427–447; Paul G. Distler and Jürgen Anthony Boeckh, An Improved Model of the Synaptic Organization of Insect Olfactory Glomeruli, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 855, no. 1 (1998): 508–510; Elissa A. Hallem, Anupama Dahanukar, and John R. Carlson, Insect Odor and Taste Receptors, Annual Review of Entomology 51 (2006): 113–135; Hugh M. Robertson, Coral G. Warr, and John R. Carlson, Molecular Evolution of the Insect Chemoreceptor Gene Superfamily in Drosophila melanogaster, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, no. 2 (2003): 14537–14542; Nitin Gupta and Mark Stopfer, Insect Olfactory Coding and Memory at Multiple Timescales, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 21, no. 5 (2011): 768–773; Gilles Laurent et al., Odor Encoding as an Active, Dynamical Process: Experiments, Computation, and Theory, Annual Review of Neuroscience 24 (2001): 263–297.

360

John G. Hildebrand and Gordon M. Shepherd, Mechanisms of Olfactory Discrimination: Converging Evidence for Common Principles across Phyla, Annual Review of Neuroscience 20 (1997): 595–631; Nicholas J. Strausfeld and John G. Hildebrand, Olfactory Systems: Common Design, Uncommon Origins? Current Opinion in Neurobiology 9, no. 5 (1999): 634–639.

361

Sam Reiter and Mark Stopfer, Spike Timing and Neural Codes for Odors, chap. 11 in Spike Timing: Mechanisms and Function, ed. P. M. DiLorenzo and J. D. Victor (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press); Maxim Bazhenov and Mark Stopfer, Forward and Back: Motifs of Inhibition in Olfactory Processing, Neuron 67, no. 3 (2010): 357–358.

362

Christina Zelano, Aprajita Mohanty, and Jay A. Gottfried, Olfactory Predictive Codes and Stimulus Templates in Piriform Cortex, Neuron 72, no. 1 (2011): 178–187. Глава 9

363

Rachel S. Herz and Julia von Clef, The Influence of Verbal Labeling on the Perception of Odors: Evidence for Olfactory Illusions? Perception 30, no. 3 (2001): 381–391.

364

George Armitage Miller, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information, Psychological Review 63, no. 2 (1956): 81–97.

365

Mark Sefton and Robert Simpson, Compounds Causing Cork Taint and the Factors Affecting Their Transfer from Natural Cork Closures to Wine – A Review, Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 11, no. 2 (2005): 226–240; John Prescott et al., Estimating a ‘Consumer Rejection Threshold’ for Cork Taint in White Wine, Food Quality and Preference 16, no. 4 (2005): 345–349.

366

Trygg Engen, Odor Sensation and Memory (New York: Praeger, 1991), 79.

367

William S. Cain and Bonnie Potts, Switch and Bait: Probing the Discriminative Basis of Odor Identification via Recognition Memory, Chemical Senses 21, no. 1 (1996): 35–44.

368

Selig Hecht, Simon Shlaer, and Maurice Henri Pirenne, Energy, Quanta, and Vision, Journal of General Physiology 25, no. 6 (1942): 819–840.

369

Denis A. Baylor, T. D. Lamb, and King-Wai Yau, Responses of Retinal Rods to Single Photons, Journal of Physiology 288 (1979): 613–634.

370

Недавно разгорелись споры о природе и масштабе выводов, следующих из данных WEIRD; по этому поводу см. Joseph Henrich, Steven J. Heine, and Ara Norenzayan, Most People Are Not WEIRD, Nature 466, no. 7302 (2010): 29. WEIRD – это сокращение от «western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic»; иными словами, теории разума построены на данных для двух десятков белых студентов колледжей, что может отражать, а может и не отражать полную картину, из которой стоит делать общие выводы о человеческой природе и познании.

371

Jean-Pierre Royet et al., The Impact of Expertise in Olfaction, Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00928.

372

Johannes Frasnelli et al., Neuroanatomical Correlates of Olfactory Performance, Experimental Brain Research 201, no. 1 (2010): 1–11; J. Frasnelli et al., Brain Structure Is Changed in Congenital Anosmia, NeuroImage 83 (2013): 1074–1080; Janina Seubert et al., Orbitofrontal Cortex and Olfactory Bulb Volume Predict Distinct Aspects of Olfactory Performance in Healthy Subjects, Cerebral Cortex 23, no. 10 (2012): 2448–2456.

373

Syrina Al Aïn et al., Smell Training Improves Olfactory Function and Alters Brain Structure, NeuroImage 189 (2019): 45–54.

374

Ann-Sophie Barwich, Up the Nose of the Beholder? Aesthetic Perception in Olfaction as a Decision-Making Process, New Ideas in Psychology 47 (2017): 157–165; Barry C. Smith, Beyond Liking: The True Taste of a Wine? The World of Fine Wine 58 (2017): 138–147.

375

«Somm: Into the Bottle», режиссер Джейсон Вайс, сценарий Кристины Такер и Джейсона Вайса (Los Angeles: Forgotten Man Films, 2015).

376

Ian Cauble, «somm exam», клип из фильма «Somm: Into the Bottle», 2015, видео на YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKNmcCCE15E.

377

Тонкое чутье (нем.)

378

Avery N. Gilbert and Joseph A. DiVerdi, Consumer Perceptions of Strain Differences in Cannabis Aroma, PloS One 13, no. 2 (2018): e0192247; Annette Schmelzle, ‘The Beer Aroma Wheel.’ Updating Beer Flavor Terminology according to Sensory Standards, Brewing Science 62, no. 1–2 (2009): 26–32; I. H. Suffet and P. Rosenfeld, The Anatomy of Odour Wheels for Odours of Drinking Water, Wastewater, Compost and the Urban Environment, Water Science and Technology 55, no. 5 (2007): 335–344; N. P. Jolly and S. Hattingh, A Brandy Aroma Wheel for South African Brandy, South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 22, no. 1 (2001): 16–21.

379

Jancis Robinson, ed., The Oxford Companion to Wine, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 35–36.

380

Michael Edwards, Fragrance Wheel, Fragrances of the World, https://www.fragrancesoftheworld.com/

381

U. Harder, Der H&R Duftkreis, Haarman&Reimer Contact 23 (1979): 18–27; Laura Donna, Fragrance Perception: Is Everything Relative? Research Presents a Leap Towards a Consensus in Fragrance Mapping, Perfumer&Flavorist 34 (2009): 26–35.

382

David H. Pybus, The Structure of an International Fragrance Company, chap. 5 in The Chemistry of Fragrances: From Perfumer to Consumer, ed. C. Sell (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006).

383

Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, ed. C. Bally et al. (1915; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966).

384

Danièle Dubois and Catherine Rouby, Names and Categories for Odors: The Veridical Label, in Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition, ed. C. Rouby et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 47–66.

385

Jean-Claude Ellena, The Diary of a Nose: A Year in the Life of a Parfumeur (London: Particular Books, 2012).

386

M. N. Jones et al., Models of Semantic Memory, in Oxford Handbook of Mathematical and Computational Psychology, ed. J. R. Busemeyer (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 232–254.

387

Semantic space is a specialized formatting of perceptual space, e.g., as part of a culture or expert group; distinction also in Ingvar Johansson, Perceptual Spaces Are Sense-Modality-Neutral, Open Philosophy 1, no. 1 (2018): 14–39.

388

Слепота к изменениям – неспособность заметить перемены при определенных обстоятельствах. – Прим. пер.

389

Сравнение кодирования в системах обоняния и зрения: Ann-Sophie Barwich, A Critique of Olfactory Objects, Frontiers in Psychology, 12 июня, 2019, http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01337.

390

Egon P. Köster, Per Møller, and Jos Mojet, A ‘Misfit’ Theory of Spontaneous Conscious Odor Perception (MITSCOP): Reflections on the Role and Function of Odor Memory in Everyday Life, Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 64.

391

James J. Gibson, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966).

392

David Marr, Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982), 29.

393

Gilles Laurent et al., Cortical Evolution: Introduction to the Reptilian Cortex, in Micro-, Meso– and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain, ed. G. Buzsáki and Y. Christen (New York: Springer, 2016), 23–33; Julien Fournier et al., Spatial Information in a Non-retinotopic Visual Cortex, Neuron 97, no. 1 (2018): 164–180; R. K. Naumann et al., The Reptilian Brain, Current Biology 25, no. 8 (2015): R317–R321.

394

Отвечает за восприятие лиц. – Прим. науч. ред.

395

Margaret S. Livingstone et al., Development of the Macaque Face-Patch System, Nature Communications 8 (2017): 14897.

396

Mark A. Changizi et al., Perceiving the Present and a Systematization of Illusions, Cognitive Science 32, no. 3 (2008): 459–503; Mark A. Changizi and David M. Widders, Latency Correction Explains the Classical Geometrical Illusions, Perception 31, no. 10 (2002): 1241–1262.

397

Ощущение положения частей собственного тела относительно друг друга и в пространстве. – Прим. ред.

398

Чувствительность внутренних органов. – Прим. ред.

399

Движения, направленные на перемещение собственного тела в пространстве (плавание, ходьба, бег, прыжки, ползание, полет и т. п.). – Прим. ред.

400

Michael Tye, Ten Problems of Consciousness: A Representational Theory of the Phenomenal Mind (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997); David Pitt, Mental Representation, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. E. Zalta, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-representation/