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Глава первая

1. Mullis, К., et al., Specific enzymatic amplification ofDNA in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1986. 51 Pt 1: p. 263–73.

2. Venter, J. C., et al., The sequence of the human genome. Science, 2001. 291 (5507): p. 1304–51.

3. International Human Genome Sequencing, C., Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature, 2004. 431 (7011): p. 931–45.

4. Reich, D., Who we are and how we got here: ancient DNA revolution and the new science of the human past. First edition, ed. 2018, New York: Pantheon Books. XXV, 335 p.

5. Pääbo, S., Über den Nachweis von DNA in altägyptischen Mumien. Das Altertum, 1984. 30 (213–218).

6. Pääbo, S., Neanderthal man: in search of lost genomes. 2014, New York: Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group. IX, 275 p.

7. Krause, J., et al., The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature, 2010. 464 (7290): p. 894–7.

8. Gregory, T. R., The evolution of the genome. 2005, Burlington, МА: Elsevier Academic. XXVI, 740 p.

9. Nystedt, B., et al., The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution. Nature, 2013. 497 (7451): p. 579–84.

10. Consortium, E. P., An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome. Nature, 2012. 489 (7414): p. 57–74.

11. Kimura, М., Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Nature, 1968. 217 (5129): p. 624–6.

12. Posth, C., et al., Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals. Nat Commun, 2017. 8: p. 16046.

13. Kuhlwilm, М., et al., Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals. Nature, 2016. 530 (7591): p. 429–33.

14. Meyer, M., et al., Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins. Nature, 2 016 531 (7595): p. 504–7.

15. Reich, D., et al., Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature, 2010. 468 (7327): p. 1053–60.

16. Krings, М., et al., Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell, 1997. 90 (1): p. 19–30.

17. Krause, J. and S. Pääbo, Genetic Time Travel. Genetics, 2016. 203 (I): p. 9–12.

18. Krause, J., et al., A complete mtDNA genome of an early modern human from Kostenki, Russia. Curr Biol, 2010. 20 (3): p. 231–6.

19. Lazaridis, I., et al., Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature, 2014. 513 (7518): p. 409–13.

20. Haak, W., et al., Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature, 2015. 522 (7555): p. 207–11.

21. Andrades Valtuena, A., et al., The Stone Age Plague and Its Persistence in Eurasia. Curr Biol, 2017. 27 (23): p. 3683–3691 e8.

22. Key, F. M., et al., Mining Metagenomic Data Sets for Ancient DNA: Recommended Protocols for Authentication. Trends Genet, 2017. 33 (8): p. 508–520.

23. Rasmussen, S., et al., Early divergent strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 years ago. Cell, 2015. 163 (3): p. 571–82.

Глава вторая

1. Green, R. E., et al., A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science, 2010. 328 (5979): p. 710–22.

2. Kuhlwilm, М., et al., Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals. Nature, 2016. 530 (7591): p. 429–33.

3. Meyer, М., et al., Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins. Nature, 2016. 531 (7595): p. 504–7.

4. Posth, C., et al., Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals. Nat Commun, 2017. 8: p. 16 046.

5. Prufer, К., et al., The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains. Nature, 2014. 505 (7481): p. 43–9.

6. Stringer, C. and P. Andrews, The complete world of human evolution. Rev. ed. 2011, London; New York: Thames & Hudson, Inc., 240 p.

7. Meyer, М., et al., A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. Science, 2012. 338 (6104): p. 222–6.

8. Faupl, P., W. Richter, and C. Urbanek, Geochronology: dating of the Herto hominin fossils. Nature, 2003. 426 (6967): p. 621–2; discussion 622.

9. Krause, J., et al., Neanderthals in central Asia and Siberia. Nature, 2007. 449 (7164): p. 902–4.

10. Enard, W., et al., Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns. Science, 2002. 296 (5566): p. 340–3.

11. Krause, J., et al., The derived FOXP2 variant of modern humans was shared with Neandertals. Curr Biol, 2007. 17 (21): p. 1908–12.

12. De Queiroz, K., Species concepts and species delimitation. Syst Biol, 2007. 56 (6): p. 879–86.

13. Dannemann, М., K. Prufer, and J. Kelso, Functional implications of Neandertal introgression in modern humans. Genome Biol, 2017. 18 (I): p. 61.

14. Fu, Q., et al., Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia. Nature, 2014. 514 (7523): p. 445–9.

15. Fu, Q., et al., An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor. Nature, 2015. 524 (7564): p. 216–9.

16. Fu, Q., et al., The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature, 2016. 534 (7606): p. 200–5.

17. Kind, N. C. K.-J., Als der Mensch die Kunst erfand: Eiszeithöhlen der Schwäbischen Alb. 2017: Konrad Theiss.

18. Conard, N. J., A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian ofHohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany. Nature, 2009. 459 (7244): p. 248–52.

19. Conard, N. J., M. Malina, and S. C. Munzel, New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany. Nature, 2009. 460 (7256): p. 737–40.

20. Lieberman, D., The story of the human body: evolution, health, and disease. First edition, ed. 2013, New York: Pantheon Books. XII, 460 p.

21. Grine, F. E., J. G. Fleagle, and R. E. Leakey, The first humans: origin and early evolution of the genus Homo: contributions from the third Stony Brook Human Evolution Symposium and Workshop, October 3-October 7, 2006. Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series. 2009, Dordrecht: Springer. XI, 218 p.

22. Giaccio, B., et al., High-precision (14)C and (40)Ar/(39) Ar dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite (Y-5) reconciles the time-scales of climatic-cultural processes at 40 ka. Sci Rep, 2017. 7: p. 45940.

23. Marti, A., et al., Reconstructing theplinian and co-ignimbrite sources of large volcanic eruptions: A novel approach for the Campanian Ignimbrite. Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 21 220.

24. Marom, A., et al., Single amino acid radiocarbon dating of Upper Paleolithic modern humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2012. 109 (18): p. 6878–81.

25. Krause, J., et al., A complete mtDNA genome of an early modern human from Kostenki, Russia. Curr Biol, 2010. 20 (3): p. 231–6.

26. Fellows Yates, J. A., et al., Central European Woolly Mammoth Population Dynamics: Insights from Late Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes. Sci Rep, 2017. 7 (1): p. 17714.

27. Mittnik, A., et al., A Molecular Approach to the Sexing of the Triple Burial at the Upper Paleolithic Site of Dolni Vestonice. PLoS One, 2016. 11(10): p. e0163019.

28. Forni, F., et al., Long-term magmatic evolution reveals the beginning of a new caldera cycle at Campi Flegrei. Science Advances, 2018. Vol. 4, no. 11, eaat9401.

Глава третья

1. Odar, В., A Dufour bladelet from Potocka zijalka (Slovenia). Arheoloski vestnik, 2008. 59: p. 9–16.

2. Posth, C., et al., Pleistocene Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest a Single Major Dispersal of Non-Africans and a Late Glacial Population Turnover in Europe. Curr Biol, 2016. 26: p. 1–7.

3. Tallavaara, М., et al., Human population dynamics in Europe over the Last Glacial Maximum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015. 112(27): p. 8232–7.

4. Alley, R. B., The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central Greenland. Quaternary Science Reviews., 2000. 19(1): p. 213–226.

5. Broecker, W. S., Geology. Was the Younger Dryas triggered by a flood? Science, 2006. 312(5777): p. 1146–8.

6. Walter, К. М., et al., Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming. Nature, 2006. 443(7107): p. 71–5.

7. Zimov, S. A., E. A. Schuur, and F. S. Chapin, 3rd. Climate change. Permafrost and the global carbon budget. Science, 2006. 312(5780): p. 1612–3.

8. Grünberg, J. М., et al., Mesolithic burials — Rites, symbols and social organisation of early postglacial communities, Tagungen des Landesmuseums fur Vorgeschichte Halle (Saale), Germany. Vol. 13. 2013, International Conference Halle.

9. Mannino, M. A., et al., Climate-driven environmental changes around 8,200 years ago favoured increases in cetacean stran dings and Mediterranean hunter-gatherers exploited them. Sci Rep, 2015. 5: p. 16288.

10. Botigue, L. R., et al., Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the Early Neolithic. Nat Commun, 2017. 8: p. 16082.

11. Thalmann, O., et al., Complete mitochondrial genomes of ancient canids suggest a European origin of domestic dogs. Science, 2013. 342(6160): p. 871–4.

12. Arendt, М., et al., Diet adaptation in dog reflects spread of prehistoric agriculture. Heredity (Edinb), 2016. 117(5): p. 301–306.

13. Mascher, М., et al., Genomic analysis of 6,000-year-old cultivated grain illuminates the domestication history of barley. Nat Genet, 2016. 48(9): p. 1089–93.

14. Riehl, S., M. Zeidi, and N. J. Conard, Emergence of agriculture in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Science, 2013. 341(6141): p. 65–7.

15. Larson, G., The Evolution of Animal Domestication. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2014. 45: p. 115–36.

16. Gamba, C., et al., Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory. Nat Commun, 2014. 5: p. 5257.

17. Feldman, М., et al., Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia. bioRxiv 2018. 422295.

18. Lazaridis, I., et al., Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. Nature, 2016. 536(7617): p. 419–24.

19. Lazaridis, I., et al., Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature, 2014. 513(7518): p. 409–13.

20. Mathieson, I., et al., Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature, 2015. 528(7583): p. 499–503.

21. Jablonski, N. G. and G. Chaplin, Colloquium paper: human skin pigmentation as an adaptation to UV radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010. 107 Suppl 2: p. 8962–8.

22. Gamarra, B., et al., 5000 years of dietary variations of prehistoric farmers in the Great Hungarian Plain. PLoS One, 2018. 13(5): p. e0197214.

23. Liem, E. B., et al., Increased sensitivity to thermal pain and reduced subcutaneous lidocaine efficacy in redheads. Anesthesiology, 2005. 102(3): p. 509–14.

24. Ryan, C., et al., Sex at Dawn: The Prehistoric Origins of Modern Sexuality. 2010: Harper.

25. Uthmeier, Т., Bestens angepasst — Jungpaläolithische Jäger und Sammler in Europa. In: Klimagewalten: Treibende Kraft der Evolution. 2017: Konrad Theiss.

26. Behringer, W., Das wechselhafte Klima der letzten 1000 Jahre. In: ebd.

27. Müller, A., Was passiert, wenn es kälter oder wärmer wird? In: ebd.

28. Hallgren, E, et al., Skulls on stakes and in water. Mesolithic mortuary rituals at Kanaljorden, Motala, Sweden 7000 BP. In: Mesolithische Bestattungen — Riten, Symbole und soziale Organisation früher postglazialer Gemeinschaften. 2013: Landesamt fur Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt.

Глава четвертая

1. Bollongino, R., et al., 2000 years of parallel societies in Stone Age Central Europe. Science, 2013. 342(6157): p. 479–81.

2. Bajic, V., et al., Genetic structure and sex-biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2018. 167(3): p. 656–671.

3. Mummert, A., et al., Stature and robusticity during the agricultural transition: evidence from the bioarchaeological record. Econ Hum Biol, 2011. 9(3): p. 284–301.

4. Cohen, M. N. and G. J. Armelagos, Paleopathology and the origins of agriculture. 1984: Orlando: Academic Press.

5. Mischka, D., Flintbek LA 3, biography of a monument. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 2010.

6. Brandt, G., et al., Ancient DNA reveals key stages in the formation of central European mitochondrial genetic diversity. Science, 2013. 342(6155): p. 257–61.

7. Haak, W., et al., Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature, 2015. 522(7555): p. 207–11.

8. Meller, H. (Hrsg.), Krieg — eine archäologische Spurensuche. 2015: Konrad Theiss.

9. Meller, H. (Hrsg.), 3300 BC. Mysteriöse Steinzeittote und ihre Welt. 2013: Nünnerich-Asmus.

10. Mittnik, A., et al., The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region. Nat Commun, 2018. 9(1): p. 442.

11. Fugazzola Delpino, M. A. and M. Mineo, La piroga neolitica del lago di Bracciano, La Marmotta 1. Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana (Rome), 1995. 86: p. 197–266.

12. Greenblatt, C. and M. Spigelman, Emerging pathogens: archaeology, ecology and evolution of infectious disease. 2003: Oxford University Press.

Глава пятая

1. Patterson, N., et al., Ancient admixture in human history. Genetics, 2012. 192(3): p. 1065–93.

2. Skoglund, P. and D. Reich, A genomic view of the peopling of the Americas. Curr Opin Genet Dev, 2016. 41: p. 27–35.

3. Raghavan, M., et al., Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans. Nature, 2014. 505(7481): p. 87–91.

4. Allentoft, М. E., et al., Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 2015. 522(7555): p. 167–72.

5. Anthony, D. W., The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. 2007: Princeton University Press.

6. Wang, С. C., et al., The genetic prehistory of the Greater Caucasus. bioRxiv 2018. 322347.

7. Mathieson, I., et al., The genomic history of southeastern Europe. Nature, 2018. 555(7695): p. 197–203.

8. Andrades Valtuena, A., et al., The Stone Age Plague and Its Persistence in Eurasia. Curr Biol, 2017. 27(23): p. 3683–3691 e8.

9. Olalde, I., et al., The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature, 2018. 555(7695): p. 190–196.

10. Adler, W., Gustaf Kossinna, in Studien zum Kulturbegriff in der Vor- und Frühgeschichtsforschung, R. Habelt, Editor. 1987. p. 33–56.

11. Heyd, V., Kossina’s smile. Antiquity, 2017. 91(356): p. 348–359.

12. Kristiansen, K., et al., Re-theorizing mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Cultures in Europe. Antiquity 91: 334–47. Antiquity, 2017. 91: p. 334–47.

13. Orlando, L., et al., Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse. Nature, 2013. 499(7456): p. 74–8.

14. Gaunitz, C., et al., Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses. Science, 2018. 360(6384): p. 111–114.

15. Goldberg, A., et al., Ancient X chromosomes reveal contrasting sex bias in Neolithic and Bronze Age Eurasian migrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2017. 114(10): p. 2657–2662.

16. Meller, H., A. Muhl, and K. Heckenhahn, Tatort Eulau: Ein 4500 Jahre altes Verbrechen wird aufgeklärt. 2010: Konrad Theiss.

17. Meller, H. and K. Michel, Die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra: Der Schlüssel zu einer untergegangenen Kultur im Herzen Europas. 2018: Propylaen Verlag.

18. Segurel, L. and C. Bon, On the Evolution of Lactase Persistence in Humans. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2017. 18: p. 297–319.

Глава шестая

1. Haspelmath, М., M. S. Dryer, and D. Gil, The World Atlas of Language Structures. 2005, Oxford Linguistics.

2. Gray, R. D., Q. D. Atkinson, and S. J. Greenhill, Language evolution and human history: what a difference a date makes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond В Biol Sci, 2011. 366(1567): p. 1090–100.

3. Renfrew, C., Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins. 1987: Cambridge University Press.

4. Gray, R. D. and Q. D. Atkinson, Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin. Nature, 2003. 426(6965): p. 435–9.

5. Gimbutas, M. Culture Change in Europe at the Start of the Second Millennium В. C. A Contribution to the In-do-European Problem. In: Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences. 1956. Philadelphia.

6. Kontler, L., Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary. 1999: Atlantisz Publishing House.

7. Narasimhan, V., et al., The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia. bioRxiv 2018. 292581.

8. Wang, С. C., et al., The genetic prehistory of the Greater Caucasus. bioRxiv 2018. 322347.

9. Jones, E. R., et al., Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians. Nat Commun, 2015. 6: p. 8912.

Глава седьмая

1. Fokkens, H. and A. Harding, The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age. 2013: Oxford University Press.

2. Anthony, D. W., The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. 2007: Princeton University Press.

3. Risch, R. Fin Klimasturz als Ursache fur den Zerfall der alten Welt. In: 7. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag 2014. Halle (Saale), Germany: Landesamt f. Denkmalpflege u. Archao-logie Sachsen-Anhalt.

4. Knipper, C., et al., A distinct section of the Early Bronze Age society? Stable isotope investigations of burials in settlement pits and multiple inhumations of the Unetice culture in central Germany. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2016. 159(3): p. 496–516.

5. Knipper, C., et al., Female exogamy and gene pool diversification at the transition from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in central Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2017. 114(38): p. 10083–10088.

6. Mittnik, A., et al., Kinship-based social inequality in Bronze Age Europe. Unpublished, 2019.

7. Maran, J. and P. Stockhammer, Appropriating Innovations: Entangled Knowledge in Eurasia, 5000–1500 BCE 2017: Oxbow Books.

8. Hofmanova, Z., et al., Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2016. 113(25): p. 6886–91.

9. Meller, H., M. Schefzik, and P. Ettel, Krieg — eine archäologische Spurensuche. 2015: Theiss, in Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

10. Lidke, G., T. Terberger, and D. Jantzen, Das bronzezeitliche Schlachtfeld im Tollensetal — Krieg, Fehde oder Elitenkonflikt? In: Krieg — eine archäologische Spurensuche, H. Meller and M. Schefzik, Editors. 2015: Theiss, in Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

11. Schiffels, S., et al., Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat Commun, 2016. 7: p. 10408.

12. Risch, R., et al., Vorwort der Herausgeber. In: 2200 BC — Ein Klimasturz als Ursache fur den Zerfall der Alten Welt? 2015: Landesamt fur Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt.

13. Weiss, H., Megadrought, collapse, and resilience in late 3rd millenium BC Mesopotamia. In: ebd.

Глава восьмая

1. Little, L. К., Plague and the end of antiquity: the pandemic of 541–750. 2007: Cambridge University Press.

2. Bos, К. I., et al., Eighteenth century Yersinia pestis genomes reveal the long-term persistence of an historical plague focus. Elife, 2016. 5: p. el2994.

3. Bos, К. I., et al., Parallel detection of ancient pathogens via array-based DNA capture. Philos Trans R Soc Lond В Biol Sci, 2015. 370(1660): p. 20130375.

4. Bos, К. I., et al., A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death. Nature, 2011. 478(7370): p. 506–10.

5. Bos, К. I., et al., Yersinia pestis: New Evidence for an Old Infection. PLoS One, 2012. 7(11): p. e49803.

6. Du Toit, A., Continued risk of Ebola virus outbreak. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2018. 16(9): p. 521.

7. Rasmussen, S., et al., Early divergent strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 years ago. Cell, 2015. 163(3): p. 571–82.

8. Achtman, M., et al., Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1999. 96(24): p. 14043-8.

9. Allocati, N., et al., Bat-man disease transmission: zoonotic pathogens from wildlife reservoirs to human populations. Cell Death Discov, 2016. 2: p. 16048.

10. Armelagos, G. J. and K. Barnes, The evolution of human disease and the rise of allergy: Epidemiological transitions. Medical Anthropology: Cross Cultural Studies in Health and Illness, 1999. 18(2).

11. Armelagos, G. J., A. H. Goodman, and К. H. Jacobs, The origins of agriculture: Population growth during a period of declining health. Population and environment, 1991. 13: p. 9–22.

12. Omran, A. R., The epidemiologic transition. A theory of the epidemiology of population change. Milbank Mem Fund Q, 1971. 49(4): p. 509–38.

13. Gage, K. L. and M. Y. Kosoy, Natural history of plague: perspectives from more than a century of research. Annu Rev Entomol, 2005. 50: p. 505–28.

14. Benedictow, O. J., The Black Death, 1346–1353: The complete history. 2004: Boydell & Brewer.

15. Hinnebusch, B. J., C. O. Jarrett, and D. M. Bland, «Fleaing» the Plague: Adaptations of Yersinia pestis to Its Insect Vector That Lead to Transmission. Annu Rev Microbiol, 2017. 71: p. 215–232.

16. Hinnebusch, B. J. and D. L. Erickson, Yersinia pestis biofilm in the flea vector and its role in the transmission of plague. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 2008. 322: p. 229–48.

17. Wiechmann, I. and G. Grupe, Detection of Yersinia pestis DNA in two early medieval skeletal finds from Aschheim (Upper Bavaria, 6th century A. D.). Am J Phys Anthropol, 2005. 126(1): p. 48–55.

18. Vagene, A. J., et al., Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico. Nat Ecol Evol, 2018. 2(3): p. 520–528.

19. Andrades Valtuena, A., et al., The Stone Age Plague and Its Persistence in Eurasia. Curr Biol, 2017. 27(23): p. 3683–3691 e8.

20. Rascovan, N., et al., Emergence and Spread of Basal Lineages of Yersinia pestis during the Neolithic Decline. Cell, 2018.

21. Hymes, R., Epilogue: A Hypothesis on the East Asian Beginnings of the Yersinia pestis Polytomy. The Medieval Globe, 2016. 1(12).

22. Yersin, A., Sur la peste bubonique (serotherapie). Ann Inst Pasteur, 1897. 11: p. 81–93.

23. Bergdolt, К., Uber die Pest. Geschichte des Schwarzen Tods. 2006: С. H. Beck.

24. Keller, M., et al., Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the First Pandemic (541–750). bioRxiv 2018. 481226.

25. Wheelis, М., Biological warfare at the 1346 siege of Caffa. Emerg Infect Dis, 2002. 8(9): p. 971–5.

26. Schulte-van Pol, K., D-Day 1347: Die Invasion des Schwarzen Todes., in Die Zeit. 1997.

27. Buntgen, U., et al., Digitizing historical plague. Clin Infect Dis, 2012. 55(11): p. 1586–8.

28. Spyrou, M. A., et al., Historical Y. pestis Genomes Reveal the European Black Death as the Source of Ancient and Modern Plague Pandemics. Cell Host Microbe, 2016. 19(6): p. 874–81.

29. Spyrou, M. A., et al., A phylogeography of the second plague pandemic revealed through the analysis of historical Y. pestis genomes. bioRxiv. 481242.

Глава девятая

1. World Health Organization, Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 2011. 86(389).

2. Brody, S. N., The Disease of the Soul: Leprosy in Medieval Literature 1974, Ithaca: Cornell Press.

3. Cole, S. Т., et al., Massive gene decay in the leprosy bacillus. Nature, 2001. 409(6823): p. 1007–11.

4. The Mycobacterial Cell Envelope, M. Daffe and J.-M. Reyrat, Editors. 2008, ASM Press: Washington, DC.

5. World Health Organization, Fact Sheet Leprosy. 2015.

6. Robbins, G., et al., Ancient skeletal evidence for leprosy in India (2000 B. C.). PLoS One, 2009. 4(5): p. e5669.

7. Schuenemann, V. J., et al., Ancient genomes reveal a high diversity of Mycobacterium leprae in medieval Europe. PLoS Pathog, 2018. 14(5): p. e1006997.

8. Schuenemann, V. J., et al., Genome-wide comparison of medieval and modern Mycobacterium leprae. Science, 2013. 341(6142): p. 179–83.

9. Truman, R. W., et al., Probable zoonotic leprosy in the southern United States. N Engl J Med, 2011. 364(17): p. 1626–33.

10. Singh, P., et al., Insight into the evolution and origin of leprosy bacilli from the genome sequence of Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015. 112(14): p. 4459–64.

11. Avanzi, C., et al., Red squirrels in the British Isles are infected with leprosy bacilli. Science, 2016. 354(6313): p. 744–747.

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Заключение

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