Jerusalem: The Biography

Pitt, William, the Younger, 322

plague, 256, 258, 332

Plato, 190n, 446

Plehve, Vyecheslav von, 380

Pliny the Elder, 3

, 381, 383

Plumer, Field Marshal Hebert, 1st Viscount, 436

Poland, 291, 293–4, 298, 301, 311n, 461, 486n

Polish Jews, 307–8, 357, 359, 375n, 441, 457

polo, 237, 251, 442

Pompeii, 119n

Pompey the Great, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, 6, 70–3

Pontius Pilate, 99n, 100, 102, 104–5, 107–8, 110, 115, 119, 122, 135n

Pontus, 88n

Pools of Solomon, 329

popes, 151, 159

Popillius Laenas, 62

Poppaea, 120–1

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, 501

Port Said, 444n

Portugal, 294

Postal Café, 444

Potemkin, Prince Gregory, 311, 374

Potter’s Field, 109

prisoners, ransoming of, 213

Pro-Jerusalem Society, 423

prophets, 19

prostitution, 144, 226–7, 258, 398, 421, 424

Protestant Churches, 157, 296–7, 299

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 380n, 383, 423–4, 433, 456n

Prussia, 285, 334, 363

Ptolemais (Acre), 67, 70n, 78, 124

Ptolemy I Soter, King, 54–5, 57n, 58n

Ptolemy II Philadelphos, King, 55, 56n

Ptolemy III Eugertes, King, 56

Ptolemy IV, King, 57n

Ptolemy VI Philometer, King, 66n, 67

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, King, 67n

Ptolemy IX Soter, King, 70n

Ptolemy XIII, King, 73

Ptolemy, King of Mauretania, 82n

Ptolemy of Alexandria, 190n

Pulcheria, Empress, 153, 155–7

Punch, 379

Purim, 360, 384

Puritans, 300–1, 332, 337

Pushkin, Alexander, 340

Putin, Vladimir, 369n, 515n

pyramids, 85n

Qaitbay, Sultan, 279n, 287–8, 521

Qashashi, 305

al-Qassam, Sheikh Izzat al-Din, 447–8

Qazaz, Firaz, 521

Qazaz, Naji, 521

qiblas, 171, 175

Quadi, 138

al-Quds University, 518n

Quirinius, 91n

Qutuz, Sultan, 275

Rabin, Yitzhak, 429–30, 469, 473–6, 479–70, 485, 506–7, 514

and Six Day War, 492–3, 496–7

Rabinowitz, Rabbi Shmuel, 517–18

Rachel’s Tomb, 323, 351, 357n

Rachkovsky, Piotr, 380n

railways, 348–9, 363

Ramadan, 171, 199, 259, 359, 513

Ramallah, 216

Ramban, Rabbi, see Nachmanides

Ramban Synagogue, 279n, 282, 286–7, 295, 297

Ramla, 186, 204, 316, 481, 487

Ramle Vale Jackal Hounds Hunt, 442

Ramses II the Great, pharaoh, 17–18

Ramsgate, 351, 357n

Raphia, 70

Raphia, Battle of, 57n

Rasputin, Grigory, 385–7

Rauff, Walter, 457

Raushen Pasha, 399

Ravenna, 159

Raymond, Count of Toulouse, Count of Tripoli, 207, 209, 211–12, 214

Raymond, Count of Tripoli, 243–7

Raymond, Prince of Antioch, 234–6

Raymond of Aguilers, 212

Red Crescent, 399

red heifer, 86

Red Sea, 31, 40, 245

Rehavia, 444, 466, 481, 487

Rehoboam, King, 30–1

Rehovoth, 481

Reich, Ronny, 21n, 393

Reuveni, David, 297n, 299n

Reynald of Chatillon, Lord of Kerak and

Outrejordain, 243, 245–6, 248, 250

Rhodes, 81, 179, 333

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, 270

Richard I the Lionheart, King, 65n, 235n, 257–63, 267, 406

Richman, Rabbi, Chaim, 86n

Rida ibn Thawb, 200n

Ridwan, Prince, 297

Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 227

Rishon-le-Zion, 374

de Riveri, Paschia, 244

Riyad, General Abdul Munim, 493, 495

Robert, Duke of Flanders, 208

Robert I, Duke of Normandy, 201

Robert II, Duke of Normandy, 208

Robert, King of Naples, 281

Roberts, David, 333

Robinson, Edward, 337, 354n

Robinsons’s Arch, 99, 354n

Rohan, David, 501

Romania, 343

Romanos IV Diogenes, Emperor, 202n

Romans, 60, 62, 70–7, 80–2, 93, 115–17

and Christianity, 132–3

and Jewish revolt, 120–6

and life of Jesus, 98, 100–7

and St Paul, 118–19

siege of Jerusalem, 1–10

and suppression of Jews, 129–39

Rome, 121, 207n, 351, 370, 463

Arch of Titus, 129, 130n

and Christians, 114, 139–40, 151

Church of St Paul Outside the Walls, 121n

civil war in, 138

Temple of Peace, 129, 131n

Vespasian’s Triumph, 129–30

year of three emperors, 2, 126

Rome, bishops of, 151, 159

Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 459

Roosevelt, Franklin D., President, 382n, 459n, 462

Roosevelt, Theodore, President, 428

Rosh Ha Ayim, 53

Rosh Hashanah, 516

Rothschild, Dolly de, 414

Rothschild, Baron Edmond de, 374, 390, 421

Rothschild, James de, 421, 487n

Rothschild, Lionel de, 325n, 350, 352n, 362

Rothschild, Nathaniel, 1st Baron, 324, 350, 380

Rothschild, Walter, 2nd Baron, 414–15

Roxelana, Sultana, 291–2, 297

Royal Boar, 162–4

Rubens, Peter Paul, 65n

Rubowitz, Alexander, 466, 467n

Runciman, Sir Steven, 263n

Russell, Earl, 354

Russia, 310, 320, 330–1, 335, 339–43, 347–8, 361–2, 366, 515

anti-Semitism and Jewish exodus, 367–70, 374, 380, 382–3

Moses Montefiore’s visit, 350–1n

Russian Jews, 330, 334–5, 345, 350, 367–70, 374–5, 382–3, 412–13, 415, 423–4, 430, 508–9

and Sykes–Picot Agreement, 405

see also Soviet Union

Russian Compound, 353, 367, 369, 384, 386, 417, 429, 444, 462, 464–5, 474, 478

Russian Palestine Society, 367

Russian Revolution, 413

Rustaveli, Shota, 296n

Rutenberg, Pinhas, 423n, 429

Saakashvili, Mikheil, President, 296n

Sabas, 156n

al-Sabbah, Hassan, 203n

Sabbatai Zevi, 302–3

Sabbath, 45, 54, 59, 62–3, 107, 144n, 171, 307

Sabinus, 93

Sabra and Shatila massacres, 503

sacrifice, cult of, 53, 59, 101

see also child sacrifice

Sadat, Anwar, President, 504–5, 515

Sadducees, 68n

Sadeh, General Yitzhak, 452, 456

Sadowa, Battle of, 356

Safadin, Sultan, 249, 251n, 253–4, 255n, 258–65

Safed, 298, 334

al-Saffah, Caliph, 186–8

Said, Boulos, 441

Said, Edward, xix, xxiv, 441, 518n, 519n

Sakakini, Khalil, 408, 417, 429, 444–5

Sakhra, 175

Saladin, Sultan, 224–6, 227n, 241, 243–64, 270, 276, 380, 508, 520

and later developments, 381, 404, 409, 420n, 509

Salahiyya endowments, 255

Salih Ayyub, Sultan, 270–1, 275

Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Marquess of, 409

Sallust, 71

Salome (daughter of Herodias), 96

Salome (sister of Herod), 80, 83–4, 88–90

Salome Alexandra, Queen, 70–1

Salonika, 293, 399

Samara, 150

Samaria, 28, 32, 34, 69, 82, 93

Samaritans, 51, 53, 110, 116, 138, 154, 159

Samarkand, 283

Samosata, 78

Samuel, prophet, 19, 204

Samuel, Herbert, 1st Viscount, 411, 413–14, 431, 433–6

San Remo Conference, 431

Sanballat, 51, 53

Sand, Shlomo, 191n

Sanderson, John, 299

Sandys, George, 299–300

Sanhedrin, 59, 64, 74, 78, 104, 110, 119, 150

Sanhedrin tomb, 79n

Saracens (the name), 173

Sarajevo, 374

Sardis, 48n, 50n

Sargon II, King of Assyria, 34–5

Saturnius, 156

al-Saud, Abdullah, 327

Ibn Saud, Abdul-Aziz, 327n

Ibn Saud, King Abdullah, 327n, 432, 468

Saudi Arabia, 281, 327n, 432n, 467, 510

Saul, King, 19–21

Saulcy, Félicien de, 355

St Saviour’s monastery, 296, 310, 318–19, 322, 330

Savoyards, 278n

Schick, Conrad, 228n, 364n

Schiff, Jacob, 382

Schlechter, Solomon, 199n

Scott, C. P., 410–11

Scott, Walter, 336

Sea Peoples, 15, 18

Sebag, Jemima, 349

Sebag-Montefiore, Major Geoffrey, 421

Sebag-Montefiore, Sir Joseph, 357n

Sebag-Montefiore, Captain William, 420n

Sebaste, 82

Sebastopol, 347

Sebeos, Bishop, 176

Second Balkan War, 395

Second Wall, 3, 363n

Sedgwick, Sergeant James, 418

Selassie, Haile, Emperor, 400n, 441, 457, 519

Seleucids, 56–7, 61, 65–8, 72–3, 76n

Seleucos, 57n

Selim the Grim, Sultan, 291

Selim II, Sultan, 297

Selim III, Sultan, 318

Semiramis Hotel, 432, 469

Sennacherib, King of Assyria, 35–8, 457

Sephardic Jews, 20, 24, 191n, 293–4, 298, 300, 308, 324, 330, 345–6, 359–60, 384, 510

Sephoria, 245

Septimus Severus, Emperor, 138

Serbs, 296

Sergei Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 368–9, 386

seven veils, dance of, 96n

Seventh Day Adventists, 337n

Seward, William H., 347n

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th

Earl of, xxv, 331–4, 337, 350, 354

shahada, 176n, 184

Shaizar, 224

Shajar ad-Durr, Sultana, 271, 272n

Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, 31, 32n

Shaltiel, David, 479

Shamir, Yitzhak, 481

Shams al-Din, 268

Sharon, Ariel, 358n, 494, 504–6, 509

Shea, General John, 418, 420

Sheba, Queen of, 26, 157n

Shechem, 18, 30

Sheikh Jarrah, 58n, 364–5, 385, 442–3, 469, 473, 478–9, 483, 488, 496, 511, 517

Shema, 102

Sheshbazzar, King, 48

Sheshonq, pharaoh, 28–31

Shihabis, 519

Shiloh, 18

Shirin, Queen of Persia, 162

Shirkuh, Amir, 239–41, 251

shofar, 437, 462, 497

Shuqayri, Ahmed, 445, 491

Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem, 244–6, 249–50, 256

Sicarii, 116, 120, 123

Sicily, 71, 194, 218, 257, 266–7

Sidon, 217, 249, 316n, 383

Sigurd, King of Norway, 217

Sikorski, General Wladslaw, 458

Siloam Pool and Tunnel, 36–7, 43, 99–100, 103n, 156, 365

Silwan, 35n, 329, 506, 508n, 511

St Simeon, 154

Simon the Great, the Maccabee, see Maccabees

Simon, builder of the Temple, 87

Simon, cousin of Jesus, 10, 119

Simon, ‘prince of princes’, 93n

Simon, son of Cleophas, 92n, 132–3

Simon II, the Just, 58–9, 384

Simon ben Giora, 8, 125, 129

Simon of Cyrene, 106

Sinai, 49, 61, 380, 407, 490, 492, 493–4, 505

Sind, 183

al-Siqilli, Jawhar, see Jawhar

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 197n

Six Day War, xxv, 490–98, 519

slingers, 19n

Smith, George Adam, 418

Smith, Joseph, 338

Smith, Sir Sidney, 317–18, 321–2, 331

Smyrna, 302

Socrates Scholasticus, 148n

Solomon, King, 7, 23, 25–30, 40, 85, 157n, 159, 217, 305

and Islam, 170, 175, 182, 185

relics of, 152

Solomon’s mines, 28

Somalia, 26

Sophronius, Patriarch, 173–5

Soviet Union, 415, 433, 440n, 455, 465, 492, 502

Sozomen, 147n

Spafford, Anna, 365

Spafford-Vester, Bertha, 365, 390, 392, 396, 418, 420, 441, 473, 488–9

Spafford, Horatio, 364–6

Spafford, Jacob, 37n

Spain, 134, 200n, 230, 240

reconquest of, 285, 293–4

Spanish Inquisition, 294

Spartacus slave rebellion, 73, 106n

Special Night Squads, 451–2

Special Squads, 463

Springs of Cresson, 246

Stables of Solomon, 85, 150, 219, 226, 509

Stalin, Josef, 382n, 440n, 461, 462n, 463, 476, 489

Stanhope, Lady Hester, 321–2

Stanley, Dean Arthur, 353–4

Stations of the Cross, 106n

Stepashin, Stephan, 515n

St Stephen, 110, 152n

St Stephen’s Gate, 417

Stern, Abraham, 458

Stonehenge, 14

stoning, 59

Storrs, Sir Ronald, xxv, 404, 406, 417n, 422–4, 429–30, 434–6, 478

Strait of Tiran, 492–3

Strategos, 162

stylites, 154

Sudan, 26, 355n, 365, 402

Suetonius, 111

Suez Canal, 325, 355, 362, 397, 490, 504

Sufism, 197n, 276, 280–1, 303–4

suicide bombings, 507, 508, 513, 518n

Suleiman, Caliph, 186

Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan, 146n, 291–7, 343

Suleiman Pasha, the Just, 320, 322

Sulla, 73

Supreme Muslim Council, 436, 439

Suqman, 203

Susa, 50n, 51, 370

Swedish Evangelical Church, 365

Sweyn Godwinson, Earl, 201

Switzerland, 409

Sykes, Sir Mark, 405, 414–15

Sykes–Picot Agreement, 405–7, 415, 428

Syria, 22, 31, 33, 41, 57n, 82, 116, 140, 215, 218, 355, 442, 456, 492

and Albanian conquest, 327, 334

and Arab conquests, 173, 177–8, 181, 187, 190–1, 194

and archaeology, 354

and desert monks, 154

and division of Middle East, 403, 405–7, 415, 422, 424–8, 431–3, 454, 465–6

and Grand Mufti’s revolt, 448, 454

and Islamic sultanate, 243–4, 251, 265–6, 271, 272n

and Israeli wars, 474–5, 492, 504

and Mongol raids, 275, 277

Nur al-Din’s conquest, 236, 238, 241

and Persian conquesst, 161, 163–4

Roman occupation, 72, 74–6, 80

and Tamurlane’s conquest, 282–3

and the Three Pashas, 395–6

and UAR, 490–1

Syriac Orthodox Church, 157n, 310

al-Tabari, 172n

Tabernacles, 59n, 67–8, 70, 98

Tabor Mountain, Battle of, 316

Tacitus, 9, 99n, 116, 125, 130, 133

Taki al-Din, 247, 253, 259

Talaat Pasha, Mehmet, 395, 400, 414, 416n

Talal, King of Jordan, 484

Talbieh, 335, 346, 352, 400n, 443, 466

Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice, Prince de, 312

Talmud, 83, 132, 136, 191

Talpiot, 444, 452, 467n

Tamar, 24

Tamara, Queen of Georgia, 296n

Tamurlane, 282–4

Tanakh, 16, 55

Tancred de Hauteville, 208, 210–12

Tankiz, Viceroy, 280–1

Tartars, 270–1

Tbilisi, 416n, 461n

Tegart forts, 450

Teima, 46

Tel Aviv, 383, 438, 452, 455, 463, 468, 470, 474, 487, 501, 511

Tel Dan stele, xxiv, 22, 32n

telegraph, 356

Tell al-Jahudiya, 66n

Temple

anti-Temple traditions, 99–100

Babylonian destruction, 44

Foundation Stone, 148, 508n, 509, 515

Herod’s Temple, 84–7, 183, 295, 354n

and Jewish commemoration, 374

and Jewish revolt, 1–10, 122–3, 125, 131–2

Julian’s rebuilding, 150

and life of Jesus, 99–102, 104, 109–10

and Maimonides’ grieving, 240–1

and PLO denial, 505–6, 508

Roman depredations, 72–3, 78

Second Temple, 49–50, 85

Solomon’s Temple, 7, 25–8, 50, 85, 159, 183

spoliation under Antiochus, 62–3

Third Temple, 437, 502, 505

treasures, 7–8, 31, 33, 51, 60, 129, 130n, 159

Temple Institute, 86n

Temple Mount, xix, xxi, 9, 16, 72, 122–3, 147–9, 195, 241, 361, 400, 420, 434, 488

and Albanian conquest, 327

and Arab conquests, 170, 175–9, 182–3, 185, 190–1, 200

and Arab Revolt, 448

and archaeology, 355, 379

and Crusaders, 211–12, 221, 227–9, 270

and European visitors, 322, 325, 348–9, 378–9, 422

Herod’s constructions, 67n, 71, 85

and Intifada, 503

and Islamic sultanate, 254, 268–9

and Israeli wars, 466, 492–5

and Jewish festivals, 153–4

Jewish picnics, 58n, 384

and Mamluk sultanate, 276, 280, 284, 286, 288

negotiations and access, 509–10, 514–16, 517

and Ottoman sultanate, 291–3, 295, 299n, 304, 307–8

and Parker fiasco, 389, 391–2

reconsecration, 162

Roman constructions, 134–6, 138

sacred status, 27–8, 152n and Second Coming, 502–4

and Seljuk conquest, 202

tomb of King Hussein, 479, 484

tunnel construction, 509

and World Islamic Conference, 439

see also Haram al-Sharif Temple Mount Faithful, 503

Temple of Amun, 31

Temple of Jupiter, 134, 135n, 138, 140

Temple of Solomon, see al-Aqsa Mosque Ten

Commandments, 17

Tennenbaum, Leah, 399–400

Tenth Legion, 9, 132, 136, 138, 363n

Tetragrammaton, 302

Teutonic Knights, 267–8, 270

Texas, 382

Thackeray, William, 336, 339, 345, 347

Theodora, Empress, 158–60

Theodora, Queen of Jerusalem, 237–8

Theodorich, 219, 239n

Theodosius I, Emperor, 148n, 151

Theodosius II, Emperor, 153–6

Thibault of Champagne, Count, 270

Third Wall, 114, 126

Thirty Years War, 300

St Thomas, 108

Thomas, Lowell, 404, 425–6, 433n

Thomas the gravedigger, 162n

Thomas the Presbyter, 172

Thompson, Archbishop William, 354

Thomson, William, 329, 337

Thousand and One Nights, 189, 363

Thrace, 50

Three Pashas, 394–401, 403, 415n

Tiberias, 95, 111, 115, 161, 164, 177, 246, 295

Tiberius, Emperor, 95, 98, 99n, 110–12

Tiferet Israel Synagogue, 352n

Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria, 33–4

Tigris, river, 150

Tikrit, 251

Timberlake, Henry, 299–301

Titus, Emperor, 1–10, 38, 44, 66n, 84n, 87, 99, 124–6, 129, 131, 133, 134n, 136, 479

Tobiah the Amnonite, 56n

Tobler, Titus, 356

Tobruk, 459

Toldot Haron, 486

Tomb of Kings, 355

Tomb of Simon, 360

Tomb of the Abyss, 27n

Tomb of Zechariah, 132

Torah, 45n, 51, 61, 62, 70, 90, 190, 279, 298, 338

Torquemada, Tomás de, 294

Tosefta, 139

Touro, Judah, 352n

Tours, 186

Tours, Battle of, 65n

Tower of Babel, 42, 45n

Tower of David, 84n, 203, 214, 217, 225, 236, 243, 245, 249, 260, 269–70, 280, 288, 292, 307, 319, 356, 363, 378, 418, 420, 452

see also Citadel

Trajan, Emperor, 133–4, 160

Transjordan, 433, 446, 448

Transylvania, 304n

Treaty of Jaffa, 263

Treaty of Karlowitz, 305

Trieste, 513

Tripoli, 209, 215

Trojan Wars, 14–15

Trotsky, Leon, 383, 423n, 429n

True Cross, 146–7, 152, 162, 164–5

and Crusaders, 214, 217, 220, 223, 227, 236, 244, 247–9, 258–61, 263

Truman, Harry S., President, 410, 463–4, 476

Tunis, 506

Tunisia, 194, 251, 283

Turanshah, Sultan, 271

Turin Shroud, 108

Turjman, Ihsan, 422

Turkish Lions, 275

Tustari, Grand Vizier, 200

Twain, Mark, xxiv, 357–8

Twelve Apostles, 97, 99, 103, 109

Tyler, John, President, 336

Tyre, 22, 27, 53, 202, 220, 227, 236, 255

Tyropaean Valley, 35n

Ubadah ibn al-Samit, 177n

Ubayd Allah (al-Mahdi), 194

Uganda, 381–2, 410, 453

Uhuh, Battle of, 177

Ukraine, 50n, 301–3, 359n, 444, 486n

Umayyad dynasty, 178–87

Union of Zionist-Revisionists, 430

United Arab Command, 491

United Arab Republic (UAR), 490

United Nations, 48n, 466–7, 468–71, 478, 483, 492, 495–6, 514, 519

United Resistance Command, 462, 465

United States of America

American Civil War, 347n

American Constitution, 336

American Jews, 428, 500

early colonists, 300–2

and Jewish immigration, 370

and Six Day War, 494, 496

and Suez crisis, 490

and state of Israel, 467

Unur, Atabeg of Damascus, 224, 229, 233, 235

Ur, 16, 45n

Urban II, Pope, 208

Uriah the Hittite, 23, 363

US Zionist Federation, 428

Usamah bin Munqidh, xxv, 223–5, 229–31, 233, 237, 239, 241, 252

Ustinov, Baron Plato von, 366

Vagabond Café, 444

Valley of Hinnom, 40, 185n

Valley of Jehoshaphat, 227

Vanderbilt, Consuelo, 389

Varus, Publius Quinctilius, 93

Venice, 207n

Verdun, 408, 416

Versailles peace conference, 427–8

Vespasian, Emperor, 1–2, 5, 124–6, 129, 131–2

Vester, Frederick, 485

Via Dolorosa, 106n, 135n, 286, 300, 344n, 356, 497

Victoria, Queen, 324, 332, 341, 350, 354, 368, 454n

Vienna, 292, 304, 352, 373, 376, 398

Villiers, Captain Hyde, 389n

Vilna, 350n, 359n, 501

Vincent, Père, 390

Virgin Mary, see Mary, mother of Jesus

Virgin’s Tomb, see Church of Our Lady of Jehoshaphat

Vitruvius, 85n

Volney, Constantin, 310–11

von Papen, Franz, 396, 409, 416, 439n

Wagner, Richard, 423

Wahab, Muhammad ibn Abdul, 327n

Wahabis, 281, 327, 432

al-Wahrani, 252–3

Walid I, Caliph, 184, 186

Walter, Hubert, 263

Waqfs, 280n, 364n, 421, 498, 508

Ward, Hon. Cyril, 389n

warfare, laws of, 213n

Warren, Captain Charles, 21n, 355–6

Warren’s Gate, 186

Waterloo, Battle of, 323

Watson, Brigadier C. F., 418

Wauchope, Sir Arthur, 439–40, 450

Wavell, Sir Archibald, 1st Earl, 451

Wazzah, 421

Weidenfeld, George, Baron, 482, 487

Weizmann, Chaim, President, xxv, 351n, 374, 409–12, 414–15, 421, 423–31, 435, 444–6, 450, 453, 458, 478

and Buraq Uprising, 438–9

and El Alamein, 457

and Israeli presidency, 476, 480

and Nabi Musa riots, 429–30

and Orde Wingate, 450–1

Weizmann Institute of Science, 481

Well of Souls, 27n

West Bank, 478, 481–2, 488, 491, 502

and Intifada, 505–6, 509

Western Wall, 9, 24n, 71, 120n, 135n, 151n, 175, 264, 286, 300, 355, 357, 379, 408, 452, 504

and Buraq Uprising, 436–8

daily rituals, 518–19, 523

as ha-Kotel, 295, 437, 497, 516

and Jewish access, 480, 482, 502, 513, 516

purchase attempts, 357, 374, 398n, 421, 437

and shofar ban, 437, 459

and Six Day War, 497–8

tunnel constructions, 509

Westminster, Jerusalem Chamber, 285

White Russians, 444

Wiesel, Elie, 512

Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 355–6, 375–80, 389, 395, 408, 417

William III, King, 331

William, Patriarch, 223

William of Tyre, xxv, 208, 222, 233–4, 237–9, 242, 244, 245n

William the Conqueror, King, 201, 208

William the Troubadour, 234–5

Wilson, Captain Charles, 354, 363n, 390

Wilson, Captain Clarence, 389n, 390–1

Wilson, Woodrow, President, 427–8

Wilson’s Arch, 354

Wingate, Lorna, 452

Wingate, General Orde, 450–2, 453n, 456, 494

Winthrop, John, 301

Wittenberg, 296

Wolff, Heinrich, 439

Woodhead Commission, 442n

Workers of Zion, 383

World Islamic Conference, 439

Worms Cathedral, 379n

Wrangel, Count Herman, 389n

Xenophon, 49

Xerxes, King of Persia, 50n, 52

Yaacovy, Yitzhak, 487

Yachin and Boaz pillars, 26

Yad Vashem memorial, 455n, 487n, 504

Yalta conference, 462n, 463

al-Yaqubi, 172n

Yarmuk, Battle of, 172–3, 177n

Yathrib, 170

Yaush, 42n

Yavneh (Jamnia), 132

Yazid, ibn Abi Sufyan, 180

Yemen, 158n, 174, 194, 243, 251, 255

Yishuv, 445, 459, 467, 470

Yohanan ben Zakkai, 10

Yolande, Queen of Jerusalem, 265n, 266–7, 270n

Yom Kippur War, 502

York, 257

Young, William Turner, 330, 332, 334–5

Young Turk movement, 384, 394, 402

Yvette, Princess, 228

Zachariah, prophet, 101

Zacharias, 95

Zacharias, Patriarch, 161

Zadok the priest, 25, 52, 54–5, 67

Zaharoff, Sir Basil, 423

Zahir, Caliph, 199–200

Zahir, Sultan, 251, 262–4

Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani, Sheikh, 310–11

Zalatimo, Muhammad, 135n

Zangi, Atabeg, 223–4, 231, 233–4, 251

Zangwill, Israel, 332n, 382

Zealots, 123, 125

Zedekiah, King, 42–3

Zeinab, Madame, 457

Zenobia, 140

Zenon, 56n

Zerubbabel, Prince, 49–50, 85

Zikhron Zion, 444

Ziklag, 20

zinnor, 22

Zion Gate, 207, 307, 417, 479–80, 497

Zionism, xx, 191n, 279, 373–82, 394, 409–15, 421–5, 430–1, 433, 435–7, 445–6, 478, 513

America and, 412–14, 428, 460–1

Britain and, xxv, 380–1, 409–15, 423–4, 431, 443, 467

Christian, 301, 374

Churchill and, 410–14, 432, 459

Germany and, 413–14

Herzland, 373–82

military, 458, 501

Zionist Commission, 421

Zionist Congresses, 375, 380n, 382, 438

Zoroaster, 48n, 50n