Нервы на пределе. Почему стресс — не слабость, а биология и что с этим делать

Примечания

1

По данным замера ВЦИОМ от апреля 2025 года, в России каждый пятый человек регулярно испытывает стресс. Прим. науч. ред.

2

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5

Selye, Hans, ‘A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents’, Nature (1936), 138: 32.

6

Кортизол не относится к катехоламинам, к ним относится, например, дофамин. Прим. науч. ред.

7

Marmot, Michael, The Health Gap: Challenge of an Unequal World, Bloomsbury (2015), p. 2.

8

Это было отмечено несколькими исследователями, в том числе Майклом Мармотом. Статистические данные получены из Лондонской обсерватории общественного здравоохранения.

9

От Управления национальной статистики. Самые последние данные свидетельствуют об ожиданиях в отношении жизни женщин. ‘Health state life expectancies in England, Northern Ireland and Wales: between 2011 to 2013 and 2020 to 2022’. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandlifeexpectancies/bulletins/healthstatelifeexpectanciesuk/between2011to2013and2020to2022.

10

Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E. et al., ‘Poverty impedes cognitive function’, Science (2013), Aug 30; 341(6149): 976–80.

11

Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E. et al., ‘Poverty impedes cognitive function’, Science (2013), Aug 30; 341(6149): 976–80.

12

Gianaros, P. J., Horenstein, J. A., Hariri, A. R. et al., ‘Potential neural embedding of parental social standing’, Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2008 Jun; 3(2): 91–6.

13

Есть данные и о 15–30 мг в сутки, а при стрессе суточная секреция может увеличиваться до 100–200 мг. См., например, Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology (14th ed., 2021); Jameson, J. L., De Groot, L. J. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (8th ed., 2022). Прим. науч. ред.

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16

Selye, Hans, The Stress of Life, McGraw Hill (1978), p. 17.

17

Selye, Hans and McKeown, Thomas, ‘Studies on the physiology of the maternal placenta in the rat’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (1935), 119: 1–31.

18

Selye, Hans, ‘A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents’, Nature (1936), 138: 32.

19

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20

Selye, The Stress of Life, op. cit., p. 52.

21

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22

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23

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27

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Selye, The Stress of Life, op. cit.

33

Selye, The Stress of Life, op. cit.

34

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52

Вероятно, речь идет о паратгормоне. Прим. науч. ред.

53

Наука не выявила уникального «гормонального профиля» преступников, но в исследованиях находят некоторые закономерности. Прим. науч. ред.

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59

Это не совсем точно. Факторы транскрипции не считывают генетическую информацию, а связываются с ДНК и регулируют транскрипцию генов, то есть определяют, будет ли ген включен или выключен. Прим. науч. ред.

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67

Предиктивный гомеостаз не сводится только к гормональной реакции на сезонные и суточные изменения. Это подготовка организма к ожидаемым колебаниям. Прим. науч. ред.

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Введение ограничений на работу с токсичными веществами и выплат компенсаций произошло значительно позже, в XIX–XX веках. Рамаццини заложил научную и моральную основу для этих реформ, но они не были прямым следствием выхода книги. Прим. науч. ред.

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ГГНС активируется не только при угрозе жизни, но и при любом значимом для организма стрессе (холод, недосып, психологическое напряжение, инфекция). Прим. науч. ред.

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127

Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России ориентируются на границы 94 см / 80 см для мужчин и женщин соответственно, при этом более 102 см / 88 см — это абдоминальное ожирение с высоким риском метаболических осложнений. Прим. науч. ред.

128

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130

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131

Диабет II типа связан не только с лишним весом и малоподвижностью — значительную роль играют также генетическая предрасположенность, возрастные изменения чувствительности тканей к инсулину, нарушения работы поджелудочной железы, а также хроническое воспаление и гормональные факторы. Прим. науч. ред.

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136

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138

Кортизол действительно повышает уровень глюкозы и свободных жирных кислот, но бета-клетки повреждаются не из-за самого гормона, а из-за длительной гипергликемии и липотоксичности. Прим. науч. ред.

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Приюты для жертв домашнего насилия и пр. Прим. пер.