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1

Первые строки «Сказания о доме Тайра».

2

Цитаты из европейских источников приводятся по изданию: Michael Cooper, SJ, ed., They Came to Japan: An Anthology of European Reports on Japan, 1543–1640 (Berkley: University of California Press, 1965), cc. 4–7.

3

Joan R. Piggott, The Emergence of Japanese Kingship (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), c. 210.

4

Lee A. Butler, Court and Bakufu in Early 17th Century Japan (Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 1991), cc. 113–114.

5

Laws of Military Household s (Вике Shohatto), 1615, в кн. David J. Lu, ed., Japan: A Documentary History (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1997), cc. 206–208.

6

Это наблюдение, как и последующие цитаты, касающиеся региональных правителей, взято из работы Гарольда Болито «Хан» (Harold Bolito, The Han), опубликованной в издании: John W. Hall et al., gen. eds., The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 4: Hall, ed., Early Modern Japan (Camgbridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), c. 200.

7

Herman Ooms, Tokugawa Village Practice: Class, Status, Power, and Law (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), cc. 363–373; Maruyama Masao, Studies in the Intellectual History of Tokugawa Japan, tr. Mikiso Hane (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), c. 127.

8

Herman Ooms, Neo-Confucianism and the Formation of Early Tokugawa Ideology: Contours of a Problem. В кн.: Peter Nosco, ed., Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), cc. 28–29.

9

W. J. Boot, The Religious Background of the Deification of Tokugawa leyasu. В кн.: Adriana Boscaro, Franco Gatti, and Massimo Raveri, eds. Rethinking Japan, t. 2: Social Sciences, Ideology and Thought (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library, 1990), c. 335.

10

Naomi Okawa, Edo architecture: Katsura and Nikko, tr. Alan Woodhull and Akito Miyamoto (New York: Wfeatherhill/Heibonsha, 1975), c. 16.

11

Shigeri Matsumoto, Motoori Norinaga, 1730–1801 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970), c. 84.

12

Engelbert Kaempfer, The History of Japan, Together with a Description of the Kingdom of Siam, 1690–1692, tr. J. G. Scheuchzer, ER.S., t. 2 (Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, 1906), c. 331.

13

Цитаты из дневниковых записей Кейнена можно найти в следующих изданиях: Jurgis Elisonas, The Regime of the Unifiers, in Wm. Theodore de Bary et al. comp., Sources of the Japanese Tradition, т. 1: From Earliest Times to 1600 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001, 2nd ed.), cc. 468–469 и 471, The Inseparable Trinity: Japan's Relations with China and Korea, in The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 4, c. 293.

14

Jurgus Elisonas, Christianity and the Daimyo, в кн. The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 4, c. 367.

15

Charles MacFarlane, Japan: An Account, Geographical and Historical (New York: George P. Putnam, 1852), c. 18.

16

Cooper, ed., They Came to Japan, c. 401.

17

Ronald P. Toby, State and Diplomacy in Early Modem Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), c. 101.

18

Cm.: Engelbert Kaempfer, Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed, ed. by Beatrice M. Botart-Bailey (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1999), cc. 360–368; Kaempfer, The History of Japan, cc. 85–94.

19

James L. McClain, Space, Power, Wealth, and Slalus in Sevenleenth-Century Osaka, в кн. McClain and Wakita Osamu, eds., Osaka: The Merchants' Capital of Early Modem Japan (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999), cc. 55–56.

20

Tessa Morris-Suzuki, The Technological Transformation of Japan: From the Seventeenth to the Twenty-first Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), c. 29.

21

Thomas С. Smith, Premodem Economic Growth: Japan and the West, в кн.: Smith, Native Sources of Japanese Industrialization, 1750–1920 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), c. 29.

22

Tessa Morris-Suzuki, Re-Inventing Japan: Time, Space, Nation (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), c. 13.

23

Takeuchi Makoto, Festivals and Fights: The Law and the People of Edo, в кн.: James L. McClain, John M. Merriman, and Ugawa Kaoru, eds., Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modem Era (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), cc. 404–405.

24

James L. McClain, Kanazawa: A Seventeenth-Century Japanese Castle Town (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), c. 94.

25

Nishiyama Matsunosuke, Edo Culture: Daily Life and Diversions in Urban Japan, 1600–1868, tr. and ed. Gerald Groemer (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997), c. 160.

26

Smith, Premodern Economic Growth, c. 27.

27

Цитаты из книги Бёрд взяты из изданий: Susan В. Hanley, Everyday Things in Premodem Japan: The Hidden Legacy of Material Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), c. 188; Isabella Lucy Bird, Unbeaten Tracks in Japan (Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1973, reprint edition), cc. 49–53; Bird, The Englishwoman in America (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966, rep. ed.), cc. 148–149.

28

Jippensha Ikku, Shanks' Mare, tr. Thomas Satchell (Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1960), c. 237.

29

Helen Craig McCullough, ed. Genji and Heike: Selektions from The Tale of Genji and The Tale of the Heike (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994), cc. 394–395.

30

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, t. 2 (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1983), s. v. Martin Collcutt, Miyamoto Musashi, c. 222.

31

Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, tr. Thomas Clearly (Boston: Shambhala, 1993), cc. 38 и 46.

32

Ryusaku Tsunoda, Wm. Theodore de Вагу, and Donald Keene, comps., Sources of Japanese Tradition (New York: Columbia University Press, 1958), c. 395.

33

Eiko Ikegami, The Taming of the Samurai: Honorific Individualism and the Making of Modern Japan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), c. 218.

34

Если не указывается другой источник, цитаты из «Сокрытого в листве» приводятся по изданию: Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Hagakure: The Book of the Samurai, tr. William Scott Wilson (New York: Avon, 1979), cc. 37, 41, 51, 66, 17 и 84.

35

Ikegami, The Taming of the Samurai, c. 289.

36

Ivan Morris, The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan (New York: New American Library, 1975), c. 316.

37

Moriya Kotsuhisa, Urban Networks and Information Networks, tr. Ronald P. Toby, в кн.: Nakane Chile and Oishi Shinzaburo, eds., Tokugawa Japan: The Social and Economic Antecedents of Modern Japan, tr. Ed. Conrad Totman (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1990), c. 120.

38

Donald H. Shively, Popular Culture, в кн: John W. Hall et al., gen. eds., The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 4: Hall, ed., Early Modem Japan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), c. 765.

39

Tetsuo Najita, Vision of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan: The Kaitokudo Merchant Academy of Osaka (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), c. 255.

40

Слова Исида цитируются по следующим изданиям: Robert N. Bellan, Tokugawa Religion: The Values of Pre-Industrial Japan (Boston: Beacon Press, 1957), c. 158; Ishikawa Ken, Baigan Ishida's Shingaku Doctrine, tr. Takeo Katow, Philosophical Studies of Japan 6 (1965), cc. 26–27; Eiji Takemura, The Perception of Work in Tokugawa Japan: A Study of Ishida Baigan and Ninomiya Sontoku (Lanham, Md.: Univercity Press of America, 1997), c. 65.

41

Bellah, Tokugawa Religion, c. 149.

42

Цитаты из домашних кодексов, если не указано иного, приводятся по изданию: J. Mark Ramseyer, Thrift and Diligence: House Codes of Tokugawa Merchant Families, Monumenta Nipponica 34:2 (Summer 1979), cc. 210, 213, 216, 214, 215, 212 и 217.

43

Цитаты, принадлежащие Мицуи Такафуса, приводятся по изданиям: Е. Sydney Crawcour, Some Observations on Merchants: A Translation of Mitsui Takafusa’s Chonin Koken Roku, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, 3d series, t. 8 (декабрь 1961), cc. 87, 107, 119 и 121; Mitsui Takahara, Chonin's Life under Feudalism, Cultural Nippon 8:2 (июнь 1940) as reprinted by Nippon Bunka Chuo Renmei (Tokyo: 1940), cc. 1—32.

44

Miyamoto, The Book of Five Rings, c. 6.

45

Bellah, Tokugawa Religion, c. 157.

46

Цитаты из труда Ниномия приводятся по изданию: Takemura, The Perception Work in Tokugawa Japan, cc. 585, 578 и 582.

47

«Онна даигаку» цитируется по переводам, опубликованным в изданиях: Basil Hall Chamberlain, Things Japanese (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co., 1890), cc. 369, 370, 371, 372, 374 и 367; Sakai Atsuharu, Kaibara Ekken and «Оппа Daigaku», Cultural Nippon 7:4 (1939), cc. 51–55; Joyce Ackroyd, Women in Feudal Japan, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, 3d series, t. 7 (ноябрь 1959), c. 53.

48

A Sermon by Hosoi Heishu, в кн. Michiko Y. Aoki and Margaret B. Dardess, comps. And eds., As the Japanese See It: Past and Present (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1981), c. 65.

49

Jennifer Robertson, The Singaku Woman: Straight from the Heart, в кн.: Gail Lee Bernstein, ed., Recreating Japanese Women, 1660–1945 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), cc. 97 и 94.

50

Kate Wildman Nakai, Introduction, в кн.: Yamakawa Kikue, Women of Mito Domain: Recollections of Samurai Family Life, tr. Nakai (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1992), c. xxiii.

51

Anne Walthall, The Life Cycle of Farm Women in Tokugawa Japan, в кн.: Bernstein, ed., Recreating Japanese Women, 1660–1945, c. 58.

52

Gary P. Leupp, Servants, Shophands, and Laborers in the Cities of Tokugawa Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), c. 85.

53

Yamakawa Kikue, Women of Mito Domain, cc. 170–171.

54

Uchida Kusuo, Protest and the Tactics of Direct Remonstration: Osaka's Merchants Make Their Voices Heard, в кн.: James McClain and Wakita Osamu, Osaka: The Merchants' Capital of Early Modern Japan (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999), c. 89.

55

Mark Ravina, Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), c. 1.

56

Fukuzawa Yukichi, An Outline of a Theory of Civilization, tr. David A. Dilworth and G. Cameron Hurst (Tokyo: Sophia University, 1973), c. 160.

57

Constantine N. Vaporis, To the Edo and Back: Alternate Attendance and Japanese Culture in the Early Modern Period, Journal of Japanese Studies 23:1 (Winter 1997), c. 39.

58

George Elison, Deus Destroyed: The Image of Christianity in Early Modern Japan (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1988, 2nd printing), c. 321.

59

Ronald P. Toby, The Indianness of Iberia and Changing Japanese Iconographies of the Other, в кн.: Stuart В. Schwartz, ed., Implicit Understandings: Observing, Reporting, and Reflecting on the Encounters between Europeans and Other Peoples in the Early Modern Era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), c. 342.

60

Richard Siddle, Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan (London: Routledge, 1996), c. 42.

61

Стихи Басё в английском издании приводятся по книге: Basho: The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Other Travel Sketches, tr. Nobuyuki Yuasa (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966), cc. 118–123 (на русский переведено с английского Е. Красулиным).

62

lhara Saikaku, Some Final Words of Advice, tr. Peter Nosco (Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1980), c. 128.

63

Nakai Nobuhiko and James L. McClain, Commercial Change and Urban Growth in Early Modern Japan, in John et.al., gen. eds., The Cambridge History of Japan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), c. 594.

64

James L. McClain, Failed Expectations: Kaga Domain on the Eve of the Meiji Restoration, Journal of Japanese Studies 14:2 (зима 1988), c. 415.

65

Kozo Yamamura, A Study of Samurai Income and Enterpreneurship: Quantitative Analyses of Economic and Social Aspects of the Samurai in Tokugawa and Meiji Japan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974), c. 132.

66

Susan B. Hanley and Kozo Yamamura, Economic and Demographic Change in Preindustrial Japan 1600–1868 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977), c. 147.

67

Harold Bolitho, The Tempo Crisis, in Hall et al., The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 5: Marius B. Jansen, ed., The Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), c. 230.

68

Anne Walthhall, Social Protest and Popular Culture in Eighteenyth-Century Japan (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986), cc. 214–215.

69

Высказывания Мабучи и Норинага приводятся по книге: Peter Nosco, Remembering Paradise: Japan (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1990), cc. 123 и 199–200.

70

Tetsuo Najita, Ambiguous Encounters: Ogata Koan and International Studies in Late Tokugawa Japan, в кн. James L. McClain and Wakita Osamu, eds., Osaka: The Merchants' Capital of Early Modem Japan (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999), c. 221.

71

Цитаты из Сугита приводятся по книге: Hirakawa Sukehiro, Japan's Тит to the West, tr. Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, in The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 5, cc. 437 и 438.

72

Carmen Blacker, Millenarian Aspects of New Religions, в кн.: Donald Shively, ed., Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), c. 575.

73

H. D. Harootunian, Late Tokugawa Culture and Thought, в кн.: The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 5, c. 230.

74

Письмо сёгуната и русская надпись на пластинке цитируются по изданию: George Alexander Lensen, The Russian Push Toward Japan: Russo-Japanese Relations 1697–1875 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959), cc. 154–155.

75

W. G. Beasley, Great Britain and the Opening of Japan 1834–1858 (London: Luzac, 1951), c. 15.

76

Если не указано иного, то слова Аидзава цитируются по изданию: Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning in Early-Modern Japan (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1991, 2nd ed.), cc. 90, 165, 125, 276.

77

J. Victor Koschmann, The Mito Ideology: Discourse, Reform and Insurrection in Late Tokugawa Japan, 1790–1864 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), c. 57.

78

Tessa Morris-Suzuki, The Frontiers of Japanese Identity, в кн.: Stein Tonnesson and Hans Antluv, eds., Asian Forms of the Nation (Richmond, Surrey: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies in cooperation with Curzon Press, 1996), c. 54.

79

Richard Siddle, Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan (London: Routledge, 1996), c. 40.

80

D. C. Greene, Correspondence between William II of Holland and the Shogun of Japan A. D. 1844, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 39 (1907), cc. 110–115.

81

Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, comp., and publ., Meiji Japan Through Contemporary Sources, t. 2 (Tokyo: 1970), cc. 6–8.

82

Arthur Walworth, Black Ships off' Japan: The Story of Commodore Perry's Expedition (New York: Knopf, 1946), c. 39.

83

Allen Burnett Cole, The Dynamics of American Expansion toward Japan, 1791–1860 (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1940), cc. 143–144.

84

Francis L. Hawks, comp., Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan: Performed in the Years 1852, 1853, and 1854, under the Command of Commodore M. C. Perry, United States Navy, by Order of the Government of the United States (New York: D. Appleton, 1856), cc. 296–297.

85

Walworth, Black Ships off Japan, cc. 240–246.

86

Hawks, Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan, cc. 299–301.

87

Meiji Japan through Contemporary Sources, t. 2, cc. 18–19.

88

Ibid., cc. 31–35.

89

W. G. Beasley, tr. And ed., Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy 1853–1868 (London: Oxford University Press, 1955), c. 181.

90

W. J. Beasley, The Meiji Restoration (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972), c. 121.

91

Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy 1853–1868, c. 180.

92

Anne Walthall, Off with Their Heads!: The Hirata Disciples and the Asikaga Shoguns, Monumenta Nipponica 50:2 (лето 1995), c. 158.

93

M. William Steele, Goemon’s New World View: Popular Representations of the Opening of Japan, Asian Cultural Studies 17 (март 1989), c. 80.

94

Anne Walthall, Edo Riots, в кн.: James L. McClain, John M. Merriman, and Ugawa Kaoru, eds., Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modem Period (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), cc. 425–427.

95

Stephen Vlastos, Peasant Protests and Uprising in Tokugawa Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), c. 114.

96

Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, cc. 258–259.

97

Charles L. Yates, Saigo Takamori: The Man behind the Myth (London: KeganPauI, 1995), c. 81.

98

Слова Кило и Ивакура цитируются по изданию: Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, cc. 266–267.

99

George M. Wilson, Patriots and Redeemers in Japan: Motives in the Meiji Restoration (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), c. 103.

100

Основано на следующих изданиях: Ishi Ryosuke, ed., Japanese Legislation in the Meiji Era, tr. William J. Chambliss (Tokyo: Pan-Pacific Press, 1958), c. 145; Robert M. Spaulding, Jr., The Intent of the Charter Oath, в kh.: Richard K. Beasley, Studies in Japanese History and Politics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967), cc. 2—26.

101

Roger E Hackett, The Meiji Leaders and Modernization: The Case of Yamagata Aritomo, в кн.: Marius В. Jansen, ed., Changing Japanese Attitudes toward Modernization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972, 3d print.), c. 244.

102

Charles Lanman, ed., The Japanese in America (Tokyo: Japan Advertiser Press, 1926, rep. ad.), c. 22.

103

Ito Hirobumi, Some Reminiscences of the Grant of the New Constitution, в кн.: Count Shigenobu Okuma, comp. Fifty Years of New Japan, т. 1, ed. Marcus B. Huish (London: Smith, Elder, & Company, 1910), cc. 125–126.

104

William Elliot Griffis, The Mikado's Empire (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1890), c. 526; Iwata Masakuzu, Okubo Toshimichi: The Bismarck of Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964), cc. 143–144.

105

Japanese Legislation in the Meiji Era, cc. 723–724.

106

Ibid., c. 722.

107

W. G. Beasely, The Meiji Restoration (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972), c. 374.

108

Стихотворение и цитаты, касающиеся Сайго, взяты из книги: Ivan Morris, The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan (New York: New American Library, 1975), cc. 258–266.

109

Hirakawa Sukehiro, Japan's Turn to the West, tr. Bob Tadashi Whkabayashi, в кн.: John W. Hall et al., gen. eds., The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 5: Marius B. Jansen, ed., The Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), c. 448.

110

Стихотворение Уитмена переведено по изданию: Whit Whitman, А Broadway Pageant, in The First Japanese Emassy: Japan-U. S. Centennial 1860–1960 (New York: Information Office, Consulate General of Japan, 1960).

111

Hirakawa, Japan's Turn to the West, c. 463.

112

Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, cc. 369–370.

113

Eugene Soviak, On the Nature of Western Progress: The Journal of the Iwakura Embassy, в кн.: Donald H. Shively, ed., Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), c. 15.

114

Marlene Mayo, Rationality in the Meiji Restoration: The Ivwakura Embassy, в кн.: Bernard S. Silberman and Harry D. Harootunian, eds., Modern Japanese Leadership: Transition and Change (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1966), cc. 357–358.

115

Beasley, The Meiji Restoration, c. 370.

116

Hirakawa, Japan's Turn to the West, c. 455.

117

Ibid., c. 482.

118

Albert M. Craig, Fukuzawa Yukichi: The Philosophical Foundations of Meiji Nationalism, в кн.: Robert E. Whrd, ed., Political Development in Modem Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968), cc. 120–121.

119

Edward Seidensticker, Low City, High City: Tokyo from Edo to the Earthkquake: How the Shogun's Ancient Capital Became a Great Modem City, 1867–1923 (New York: Knopf, 1983), c. 35.

120

Carmen Blacker, The Japanese Enlightenment: A Study of the Writings of Fukuzawa Yukichi (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1964), c. 31.

121

Lanman, ed., The Japanese in America, cc. 31–32.

122

Tokutomi Kenjiro [Roka], Footprints in the Snow, tr. Kenneth Strong (Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1970), с. 110.

123

Donald H.; Shively, The Japanization of the Middle Meiji, в кн.: Shively, ed., Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture, cc. 92–93.

124

Свидетельство очевидца этого события можно прочитать в издании: Токи Baelz, ed., Awakening Japan: The Diary of a German Doctor, Erwin Baelz (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1974), cc. 81–83.

125

Цитаты из Ямагата и последующие цитаты из Ито взяты из книги: George М. Beckmann, The Making of the Meiji Constitution: The Oligarchs and the Constitutional Development of Japan, 1868–1891 (Lawrence: University of Kansas Publications, Social Science Studies, 1957), cc. 126–130.

126

Whiter W. McLaren, ed., Japanese Government Documents, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, t. 42, часть 1 (1914), cc. 426–432.

127

Stephen Vlastos, Opposition Movements in Early Meiji, 1868–1885, в кн.: John W. Hall et al., gen. eds., The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 5: Marius B. Jansen, ed., The Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), c. 407.

128

Ishii Ryosuke, ed., Japanese Legislation in the Meiji Era, tr. William J. Chambliss (Tokyo: Pan-Pacific Press, 1958), cc. 720–721.

129

Japanese Government Documents, cc. 502–504.

130

Ito Hirobumi, Some Reminiscences of the Grant of the New Constitution, в кн.: Count Shigenobu Okuma, comp., Fifty Years of New Japan, t. 1, ed. Marcus B. Huish (London: Smith, Elder, & Company, 1910), c. 127.

131

Japanese Government Documents, cc. 88–90.

132

Roger F. Hackett, Yamagata Aritomo in the Rise of Modem Japan, 1838–1922 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), с. 110.

133

Ito, Some Reminiscences of the Grant of the New Constitution, cc. 124–125.

134

Carol Gluck, Japan's Modem Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985), c. 74.

135

Takahashi Fujitani, Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modem Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), c. 53.

136

Gluck, Japan's Modem Myths, c. 75.

137

James L. Huffman, Politics of the Meiji Press: The Life of Fukuchi Gen'ichiro (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1980), cc. 139–154.

138

Richard H. Miner, Japanese Tradition and Western Law: Emperor, State, and Law in the Thought of Hozumi Yatsuka (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970), c. 25.

139

Gluck, Japan's Modem Myths, c. 105.

140

Donald H. Shively, Nishimura Shigeki: A Confucian View of Modernization, в кн.: Marius В. Jansen, ed., Changing Japanese Attitudes toward Modernization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972, 3d print.), c. 213.

141

George Akita and Hirose Yoshihiro. The British Model: Inoue Kowashi and the Ideal Monarchical System, Monumenta Nipponica 49:4 (зима 1994), c. 417.

142

Ito, Some Reminiscences of the Grant of the New Constitution, c. 128.

143

Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, comp, and publ, Meiji Japan through Contemporary Sources, t. 3 (Tokyo: 1972), cc. 235–241.

144

Ian Reader, with Esben Andreasen and Finn Stefansson, Japanese Religions: Past and Present (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library, 1993), c. 71.

145

Официальный текст обращения императора к своим предкам приводится в книге: Ito Hirobumi, Commentaries on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, tr. Ito Miyoji (Tokyo: Chuo Daigaku, 1906, 2d ed.), cc. 167–168.

146

Текст японской конституции можно найти в следующих изданиях: Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, т. 1 (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993), Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1889», cc. 232–235; Japanese Legislation in the Meiji Era, cc. 725–733; Beckmann, The Making of the Meiji Constitution, cc. 151–156.

147

Ito, Commentaries on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, cc. 64–65.

148

Roger F. Hackett, The Meiji Leaders and Modernization: The Case of Yamagata Aritomo, в кн.: Janes, ed., Changing Japanese Attitudes toward Modernization, c. 244.

149

Ito, Commentaries on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, c. 131.

150

Thomas С. Smith, Political Change and Industrial Development in Japan: Government Enterprise, 1868–1880 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1955), c. 26.

151

Masakazu Iwata, Okubo Toshimichi: The Bismark of Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964), c. 236.

152

Shibusawa Keizo, comp, and ed., Japanese Society in the Meiji Era, tr. And adapt. Aora H. Culberston and Kimura Michiko (Tokyo: Obunsha, 1958), c. 379.

153

Steven W. McCallion, Trial and Error: The Model Filature at Tomioka, в кн.: William D. Wray, Managing Industrial Enterprise: Cases from Japan's Prewar Experience (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1989), c. 90.

154

Smith, Political Change and Industrial Development in Japan, c. 42.

155

Matsukata Masayoshi, Report on the Adoption of the Gold Standard in Japan (Tokyo: Japanese Government Press, 1899), c. 54.

156

Kyugoro Obata, An Interpretation of the Life of Viscount Shibusawa (Tokyo: Tokyo Printing Company, 1937), cc. 136–139.

157

Johannes Hirschmeier, The Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964), c. 232.

158

Nimura Kazuo, The Ashio Riot of 1907: A Social History of Mining in Japan, ed. Andrew Gordon, tr. Terry Boardman and Gordon (Durham: Duke University Press, 1997), c. 38.

159

F. G. Noteheifer, Japan's First Pollution Incident, Journal of Japanese Studies 1:2 (Spring 1975), c. 364.

160

Kenneth Strong, Tanaka Shozo: Meiji Hero and Pioneer against Pollution, Japan Society Bulletin (London) 67 (июнь 1972), c. 10.

161

Kenneth Strong, Ox against the Storm: A Biography of Tanaka Shozo — Japan's Conservationist Pioneer (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library, 1995), c. 74.

162

Е. Patricia Tsurumi, Factory Girls: Women in the Thread Mills of Meiji Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), c. 54.

163

Kazuo Okochi, Labor in Modem Japan (Tokyo: Science Council of Japan, 1958), c. 7.

164

Tsurumi, Factory Girls, cc. 194–195.

165

Mikiso Hane, Peasants, Rebels, and Outcastes: The Underside of Modern Japan (New York: Pantheon Books, 1982), cc. 190–191.

166

Тексты песен приводятся по изданию: Tsurumi, Factory Girls, cc. 91, 84, 97 и 197.

167

Ibid., с. 501.

168

Sumiya Mikio, The Development of Japanese Labour-Relations, Developing Economies 4:4 (декабрь 1966), c. 506.

169

Ibid., c. 501.

170

Carol Gluck, Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985), c. 111.

171

Hozumi Nobushige, The New Japanese Civil Code, as Material for the Study of Comparative Jurisprudence: A Paper Read at the International Congress of Arts and Science, at the Universal Exposition, Saint Louis 1904 (Tokyo: Tokyo Printing Company, 1904), c. 4.

172

Ueno Chizuko, Genesis of the Urban Housewife, Japan Quarterly 34:2 (апрель — июнь 1987), с. 136.

173

Motoyama Yukihiko, The Political Background of Early Meiji Educational Policy: The Central Government, tr. Richard Rubinger, in Motoyama, Proliferating Talent: Essays on Politics, Thought, and Education in the Meiji Era, ed. J. S. Elisonas and Rubinger (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1997), cc. 116–117.

174

Byron K. Marshall, Learning to be Modem: Japanese Political Discourse on Education (Boulder Wfestview Press, 1994), c. 53.

175

Gluck, Japan's Modem Myths, cc. 118–119.

176

Ian Reader, with Esben Andreasen and Finn Stefansson, Japanese Religions: Past and Present (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library, 1993), c. 71.

177

Horio Teruhisa, Educational Thought and Ideology in Modem Japan, tr. And ed. Steven Platzer (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1988), c. 69.

178

Ivan Parker Hall, Mori Arinori (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973), cc. 411–412.

179

Donald Roden, Schooldays in Imperial Japan: A Study in the Culture of a Student Elite (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), c. 40.

180

Horio, Educational Thought and Ideology in modem Japan, cc. 35 и 37.

181

Motoyama Yukihiko, Thought and Education in the Late Meiji era, tr. J. Dusenbury, in Motoyama, Proliferating Talent, c. 358.

182

Notto R. Thelle, Buddhism and Christianity in Japan: From Conflict to Dialogue, 1854–1899 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987), c. 99.

183

Цитаты из Оно га цуми приводятся по изданию: Kathryn Ragsdale, Marriage, the Newspaper Business, and the Nation-State: Ideology in the Late Meiji Serialized Katei Shosetsu, Journal of Japanese Studies 24:2 (лето 1998), cc. 249, 250, 250–251 и 252.

184

New York Times, Сентябрь 8, 1905, с. 8, и Сентябрь 10, 1905, с. 6.

185

Shumpei Okamoto, The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970), c. 208.

186

Эта и следующая цитата взята из книги: Richard Siddle, Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan (London: Routledge, 1996), cc. 61 и 56.

187

Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, come, and publ., Meiji Japan through Contemporary Sources, t. 2 (Tokyo: 1970), cc. 122–126.

188

Эта и следующая цитаты из Ямагата приводятся по изданию: Roger Е Hackett, Yamagata Aritomo in the Rise of Modem Japan, 1838–1922 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), c. 138.

189

Цитаты из Фукудзава (некоторые из них изменены) взяты из книги: Carmen Blacker, The Japanese Enlightenment: A Study of the Writings of Fukuzawa Yukichi (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1964), cc. 124–136.

190

Эта и последующие цитаты из Токутоми приводятся по изданию: John D. Pierson, Tokutomi Soho, 1863–1957: A Journalist for Modem Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), cc. 229–237.

191

Peter Duus, Economic Dimensions of Meiji Imperialism: The Case of Korea, 1895–1910, in Ramon H. Myers and Mark R. Peattie, eds., The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), c. 138.

192

William G. Beasely, Japanese Imperialism 1894–1945 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), c. 48.

193

Hilary Conroy, The Japanese Seizure of Korea: 1868–1910: A Study of Realism and Idealism in International Relations (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1960), c. 255.

194

Donald Keene, The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 and Japanese Culture, in Keene, Landscapes and Portraits (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1971), cc. 269–270.

195

Bruce Cumings, Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modem History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), c. 135.

196

Beasley, Japanese Imperialism 1894–1945, c. 89.

197

Marlene Mayo, Attitudes toward Asia and the Beginnings of Japanese Empire, in Grant К Goodman, comp., Imperial Japan: A Reassessment (New York: Occasional Papers of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University, 1967), c. 18.

198

Natsume Soseki, Кокого, tr. Edwin McClellan (Chicago: Gateway Editions, 1957), c. 246.

199

Robert Jay Lifton, Shuichi Kato, and Michael R. Reich, Six Lives, Six Deaths: Portraits from Modern Japan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979), c. 31.

200

Carol Gluck, Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985), c. 217.

201

Junji Banno, The Establishment of the Japanese Constitutional System, tr. J. A. A. Stockwin (London: Routledge. 1992), c. 217.

202

George Akita, Foundations of Constitutional Government in Modern Japan 1868–1900 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967), c. 84.

203

Цитаты, относящиеся к волнениям 1918 г., приводятся по изданию: Michael Lewis, Rioters and Citizens: Mass Protest in Imperial Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), cc. 111 и 133.

204

Thorstein Veblen, Essays in Our Changing Order, ed. Leon Ardzrooni (New York: Viking Press, 1943), c. 257.

205

Джон Дьюи высказал свои наблюдения относительно Японии в двух эссе — «Либерализм в Японии» и «По обе стороны Восточного моря», которые затем были опубликованы в издании: John Dewey, Characters and Events: Popular Essays in Social and Political Philosophy, t. 1, ed. Joseph Ratner (New York: Henry Holt, 1929), cc. 149–171.

206

Ryusaki Tsunoda, Wm. Theodore de Bary, and Donald Keene, comp., Sources of Japanese Tradition (New York: Columbia University Press, 1958), c. 744.

207

Mitani Taichiro, The Establishment of Party Cabinets, 1898–1932, tr. Peter Duus, in John W. Hall et al., gen. eds., The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 6: Duus, ed., The Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), cc. 87 и 56.

208

Morinosuke Kajima, The Diplomacy of Japan, 1894–1922, t. 3 (Tokyo: Kajima Institute of International Peace, 1980), c. 528.

209

Mark R. Peattie, The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945, in The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 6, c. 239.

210

Mark R. Peattie, Japanese Attitudes toward Colonialism, 1895–1945, in Ramon H. Myers and Peattie, eds., The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945, (Princeton University Press, 1984), c. 106.

211

Ibid., c. 107.

212

Nitobe Inazo, Japanese Colonization in Asiatic Review 16:45 (Январь 1920), cc. 113–121.

213

Junius B. Wood, Japan's Mandate in the Pacific, Asia: The American Magazine on the Orient 21:7 (July 1921), c. 751, and George Trumbull Ladd, The Annexation of Korea: an Essay in «Benevolent Assimilation», Yale Review, new series 1:4 (Июль 1912), c. 644.

214

Bruce Cumings, Korea's Place in the Sun: A modern History (New York: W. W Norton, 1997), c. 157.

215

Margit Nagy, Middle-Class Working Women during the Interwar Years, in Gail Lee Bernstein, ed., Recreating Japanese Women, 1600–1945 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), c. 207.

216

Эта и другие цитаты из Хани приводятся по изданию: Hani Motoko, Stories of My Life, tr. Chiko Irie Mulhern, in Mulhern, ed., Heroic with Grace: Legendary Women of Japan (Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe, 1991), cc. 236–264.

217

Christine R. Yano, Defining the Modern Nation in Japanese Popular Song, 1914–1932, in Sharon A. Minichiello, ed., Japan’s Competing Modernities: Issues in Culture and Democracy, 1900–1930 (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1998), c. 254.

218

Harris I. Martin, Popular Music and Social Change in Prewar Japan, Japan Interpreter: A Journal of Social and Political Ideas 7:3–4 (Лето-осень 1974), c. 342.

219

Miriam Silverberg, The Modem Girl as Militant, in Bernstein, ed., Recreating Japanese Women, 1600–1945, c. 241.

220

Thomas С. Smith, Native Sources of Japanese Industrialization, 1750–1920 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), c. 242, n. 15.

221

Koji Taira, «Economic Development, Labor Markets, and Industrial Relations in Japan, 1905–1955», in John W. Hall et al., gen. eds., The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 6: Peter Duus, ed., The Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). cc. 631–632.

222

Andrew Gordon, Labor and Imperial Democracy in Prewar Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), c. 81, n. 3.

223

Bryon K. Marshall, Capitalism and Nationalism in Prewar Japan: The Ideology of the Business Elite (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1967), c. 72.

224

George Elison, Kotoku Shusui: The Change in Thought, in Monumenta Nipponica 32:3–4 (1967), c. 445.

225

Высказывания Канно приводятся по изданию: Mikiso Наnе, ed. And tr., Reflections on the Way to the Gallows: Rebel Women in Prewar Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press and Pantheon Books, 1988), cc. 55–56 и 61.

226

Germaine A. Hoston, The State, Identity, and the National Question in China and Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), c. 148.

227

George Oakley Totten, HI, The Social Democratic Movement in Prewar Japan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), cc. 207–208.

228

Robert A. Scalapino, The Early Japanese Labor Movement: Labor and Politics in a Developing Society (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1983), c. 243, n. 34.

229

Sharon L. Sievers, Flouwers in Salt: The Beginnings of Feminist Consciousness in Modem Japan (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983), c. 163.

230

Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Yosano Akiko and the Taisho Debate over the «New Woman», in Gail Lee Bernstein, ed., Recreating Japanese Women, 1600–1945 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), c. 180.

231

Vera Mackie, Creating Socialist Women in Japan: Gender, Labor and Activism, 1900–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), c. 96.

232

Vera Mackie, Writing and the Making of Socialist Women in Japan, in Elise K. Tipton, ed., Society and the State in Interwar Japan (London: Routledge, 1997), cc. 134–135.

233

Henry D. Smith II, Japan's First Student Radicals (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972), c. 56.

234

Nitobe Inazo, The Japanese Nation: Its Land, Its People, Its Life, with Special Consideration to Its Relations with the United States (New York: G. C. Putnam’s Sons, 1912), cc. 86–87.

235

Richard Siddle, Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan (London: Routledge, 1996), c. 127.

236

Shigeki Ninomiya, An Inquiry Concerning the Origin, Development, and Present Situation of the Eta in Relation to the History of the Social Classes in Japan», in Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, 2d series, t. 10 (Декабрь 1933), c. 109.

237

Ian Neary, Political Protest and Social Control in Pre-War Japan: The Origins of Buraku Liberation (Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press International, 1989), c. 68.

238

Michael Wriner, The Origins of the Korean Community in Japan, 1910–1923 (Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press International, 1989), c. 85.

239

Ibid., c. 107.

240

Emily Groszos Ooms, Women and Millenarian Protest in Meiji Japan: Deguchi Nao and Omotokyo (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993), c. 109.

241

Mark J. McNeal, S.J., The Destruction of Tokyo: Impressions of an Eyewitness, Catholic World 118 (Декабрь 1923), cc. 308 и 311.

242

Kim San and Nym Wales, Song of Ariran: The Life Story of a Korean Rebel (New York: John Day, 1941), c. 37.

243

David J. Lu, ed., Japan: A Documentary History (Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe, 1997), c. 397.

244

Sheldon Garon, Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), c. 16.

245

Thomas R. H. Havens, Farm and Nation in Modern Japan: Agrarian Nationalism, 1870–1940 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), c. 106.

246

Mariko Asano Tamanoi, The City and the Countryside: Competing Taiso «Modernities» on Gender, in Sharon A. Minichiello, ed., Japan's Competing Modernities: Issues in Culture and Democracy, 1900–1930 (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1998), c. 93.

247

Stephen Vlastos, Agrarianism without Tradition: The Radical Critique of Prewar Japanese Modernity, in Vlastos, ed., Miror of Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), c. 83.

248

Mark R. Peattie, Japanese Attitudes toward Colonialism, 1895–1945, in Ramon H. Myers and Peattie, eds., The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), c. 117.

249

Okakura Kakuzo, The Ideals of the East, with Special Reference to the Art of Japan (Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1970), c. 1.

250

Oka Yoshitake, Konoe Fumimaro: A Political Biography, tr. Shumpei Okamoto and Patricia Murray (Lanham, Md.: Madison Books, 1992), c. 12.

251

Ikuhiko Hata, Continental Expansion, 1905–1941, in The Cambridge History of Japan, t. 6, c. 290.

252

Akira Iriye, After Imperialism: The Search for a New Order in the Far East, 1921–1931 (New York: Atheneum, 1969), c. 146.

253

Seki Hirohary, The Manchurian Incident, 1931, tr. With an Introduction by Marius B. Jansen, in James W. Morley, ed., Japan's Road to the Pacific War, т. 1: Japan Erupts: The London Naval Conference and the Manchurian Incident, 1928–1932 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984), c. 228.

254

Kerry Smith, A Time of Crisis: Japan, the Great Depression, and Rural Revitalization (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2001), c. 72.

255

Mark R. Peattie, Ishiwara Kanji and Japan's Confrontation with West (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), c. 118.

256

Эта фраза, а также следующая, принадлежащая премьер-министру, цитируются по книге: Takehiko Yoshihashi, Conspiracy at Mukden: The Rise of the Japanese Military (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963), cc. 9 и 7.

257

Kakegawa Tomiko, The Press and Public Opinion in Japan, 1931–1941, in Dorothy Borg and Shumpei Okamoto, with the assistance of Dale K. A. Finlayson, eds., Pearlhardor as History: Japanese-American Relations 1931–1941 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1973), c. 537.

258

John N. Penlington, The Mukden Mandate: Acts and Aims in Manchuria (Tokyo: Maruzen, 1932), cc. 23–25.

259

Sadako N. Ogata, Defiance in Manchuria: The Making of Japanese Foreign Policy, 1931–1932 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964), cc. 30–31.

260

Mainichi Daily News, Fifty Years of Light and Dark: The Hirohito Era (Tokyo: Mainichi Newspaper, 1975), c. 56.

261

Tessa Morris-Suzuki, Showa: An Inside History of Hirohito's Japan (New York: Schocken Books, 1985), c. 20.

262

Address Delivered by Yosuke Matsuoka, Chief Japanese Delegate, at the Seventeenth Plenary Meeting of the Special Assembly of the League of Nations, in Matsuoka, Japan's Case in the Sino-Japanese Dispute (Geneva: Japanese Delegation to the League of Nations, 1933), cc. 49–61.

263

Shimada Toshihiko, Designs on North China, 1933–1937, tr. with an Introduction by James B. Crowley, in Morley, ed., Japan's Road to the Pacific War, t. 2: The China Quagmire: Japan's Expansion on the Asian Continent, 1933–1941 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983), c. 58.

264

Herbert C. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (New York: Harper-Collins, 2000), cc. 253–254.

265

Sandra Wilson, Angry Young Men and the Japanese State, in Elise K. Tipton, ed., Society and the State in Interwar Japan (London: Routledge, 1997), c. 109.

266

Yoshino Sakuzo, Fascism in Japan, in Contemporary Japan, 1:2 (Сентябрь 1932), c. 185.

267

Vera Mackie, Creating Socialist Women in Japan: Gender, Labour and Activism, 1900–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), c. 60.

268

Louise Young, Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), c. 84.

269

Ian Reader, with Esben Andreasen and Finn Stefansson, Japanese Religions: Past and Present (Sandgate, Folkestone, Kent: Japan Library, 1993), c. 71.

270

Ogata Sadako, The Role of Liberal Nongovernmental Organizations in Japan, in Borg and Okamoto, eds., Pearl Harbor as History, c. 472.

271

Richard J. Smethurst, The Military Reserve Association and the Minobe Crisis of 1935, in George M. Wilson, ed., Crisis Politics in Prewar Japan: Institutional and Ideological Problems of the 1930s (Tokyo: Sophia University, 1970), c. 8.

272

Frank O. Miller, Minobe Tatsukichi: Interpreter of Constitutionalism in Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965), c. 227.

273

Patricia G. Steinhoff, Tenko: Ideology and Societal Integration in Prewar Japan (New York: Garland, 1991), c. 55.

274

George M. Beckmann, The Radical Left and the Failure of Communism, in James W. Morley, ed., Dilemmas of Growth in Prewar Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), cc. 165–169.

275

John R. Stewart, Manchuria since 1931 (New York: Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1936), c. 37.

276

Ben-Ami Shillony, Revolt in Japan: The Young Officers and the February 26, 1936 Incident (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973), c. 122.

277

George M. Wilson, Radical Nationalist in Japan: Kita Ikki 1883–1937 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), c. 69.

278

James B. Crowley, Japan's Quest for Autonomy: National Security and Foreign Policy, 1930–1938 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966), cc. 270–271.

279

Цитируется no: Bix, Hirohoto and the Making of Modern Japan, c. 723, n. 56, и Shillony, Revolt in Japan, c. 173.

280

The Diary of a Japanese Innkeeper's Daughter, tr. Miwa Kai, ed. and annot. Robert J. Smith and Kazuko Smith (Ithaca: East Asia Programm, Cornell University, 1984, 2d print.), c. 164.

281

Цитаты из текста закона и последующей директивы Министерства внутренних дел приводятся по изданию: Gregory J. Kasza, The State and the Mass Media in Japan, 1918–1945 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), cc. 235 и 237.

282

Mark R. Peattie, Ishiwara Kanji and Japan's Confrontation with the West (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), c. 301.

283

James B. Crowley, Japan's Quest for Autonomy: National Security and Foreign Policy 1930–1938 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966), c. 335.

284

James B. Crowley, «А Reconsideration of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident», Journal of Asian Studies 22:3 (May 1963), c. 289.

285

Haruko Taya Cook and Theodore E Cook, Japan at War: An Oral History (New York: New Press, 1992), cc. 164–165.

286

Robert J. C. Butow, Tojo and the Coming of the War (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1961), c. 111.

287

Gordon M. Berger, Three-Dimensional Empire: Japanese Attitudes and the New Order in Asia, 1937–1945, Japan Interpreter 12:3–4 (1979), c. 368.

288

William Miles Fletcher III, The Search for a New Order: Intellectuals and Fascism in Prewar Japan (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), c. 137.

289

Yoshino Sakuzo, «Fascism in Japan», Contemporary Japan: A Review of Far Eastern Affairs 1:2 (1932), с. 185.

290

Цитаты из работ Арисава приводятся по изданию: Bai Gao, Economic Ideology and Japanese Industrial Policy: Developmentism from 1931 to 1965 (London: Cambridge University Press, 1997), cc. 24 и 75.

291

«On the National Mobilization Law», Tokyo Gazette (May 1938), c. 2.

292

Nakamura Takafusa, Economic Growth in Prewar Japan, tr. Robert A. Feldman (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983), c. 298.

293

Эта и следующая фразы, содержащие критику плана, приводятся по изданию: Fletcher, The Search fora New Order, c. 152.

294

Shiota Shobei, A ‘Ravaged' People: The Koreans in World War II, tr. John H. Boyle, Japan Interpreter 7А (Зима 1971), c. 43.

295

Haris I. Martin, Popular Music and Social Change in Prewar Japan, in Japan Interpreter: A Journal of Social and Political Ideas 7:3–4 (Лето-осень 1974), c. 348.

296

Japanese Ministry of Education, Kokutai no hongi: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan, tr. John O. Gauntlett and ed. Robert K. Hall (Cambridge: Harvad University Press, 1937), c. 183.

297

Andrew Gordon, Labor and Imperial Democracy in Prewar Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), c. 259.

298

Dorothy Robins-Mowry, The Hidden Sun: Women of Modem Japan (Boulder: Wfestview Press, 1983), c. 81.

299

Ian Neary, Tenko of an Organization: The Suiheisha in the Late 1930's, in Proceedings of the British Association for Japanese Studies 2:2 (1977), cc. 64–76.

300

Слова Халла и генерального консула приводятся по изданию: Jonathan Marshall, То Have and Have Not: Southeast Asian Raw Materials and the Origins of the Pacific War (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), cc. 65–66 и 62.

301

Hata Ikuhiko, The Army's Move into Northern Indochina, tr. Robert A. Scalapino, in James W. Morley, ed., Japan's Road to the Pacific War, t. 4: The Fateful Choice: Japan's Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939–1941 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980), c. 172.

302

Akira Iriye, The Origins of the Second World War Ilin Asia and the Pacific (London: Longman, 1987), c. 153.

303

За исключением отмеченных случаев, цитаты из выступлений участников согласительных и императорских встреч приводятся по изданию: Nobutaka Ike, tr. and ed., Japan's Decision for War: Records of the 1941 Policy Conferences (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1967), cc. 135–136, 180, 186 и 281–282.

304

Цитируется no: Herbert C. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modem Japan (New York: HarperCollins, 2000), c. 414.

305

Tsunoda Jun, «The Decision for War», tr. David A. Titus, in Morley, ed., Japan's Road to the Pacific War, t. 5: The Final Confrontation: Japan's Negotiations with the United States, 1941 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), cc. 264–265.

306

Ibid., c. 321.

307

Akira Iriye, Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War: A Brief History with Documents and Essays (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1999), c. 94.

308

Herbert С. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modem Japan (Totyo: HarperCollins, 2000), c. 437.

309

Dan Kurzman, Kishi and Japan: The Search for the Sun (New York: Ivan Obolensky, 1960), c. 185.

310

Regine Mathias, Women and the War Economy in Japan, in Erich Pauer, ed., Japan's War Economy (London: Routledge, 1999), c. 68.

311

Gregory J. Kasza, The Conscription Society: Administered Mass Organizations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), c. 19.

312

Mariko Asano Tamanoi, Knowledge, Power, and Radical Classifications: The «Japanese» in «Manchuria», in Journal of Asian Studies 59:2 (Май 2000), c. 260.

313

Ienaga Saburo, The Pacific War, 1931–1945, tr. Frank Baldwin (New York: Pantheon, 1978), c. 155.

314

Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of a Revolution, 1939–1946 (New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1968), c. 185.

315

Цитаты из писем пилотов-камикадзе приводятся по изданию: Ivan Morris, The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan (New York: New American Library, 1975), cc. 309 и 313.

316

General Curtis E. LeMay, with MacKinlay Kantor, Mission with LeMay: My Story (Garden City, N. Y: Doubleday, 1965), c. 387.

317

John W. Dower, Japan in War and Peace: Selected Essays (New York: New Press, 1993), cc. 124–126, 130 и 133.

318

John W. Dower, Empure and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878–1954 (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1988, 2d print.), cc. 260–264.

319

Harry S. Truman, Memoirs, т. 1: Year of Decision (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1955), c. 419.

320

Harry L. Stimson, «The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb», Harper's Magazine 194:1161 (Февраль 1947), c. 102.

321

Morris, The Nobility of Failure, c. 332.

322

Robert Jay Litton, Shuichi Kato, and Michael R. Reich, Six Lives Six Deaths: Portraits from Modem Japan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979), c. 155.

323

Все цитаты, касающиеся американских оккупационных сил, если не указано иного, взяты из серии статей, опубликованных в газете Асахи синбун и переведенных на английский под названием: The Pacific Rivals: A Japanese View of Japanese — American Relations (New York: Vfeatherhill and Asahi Simbun-sha, 1972), esc. cc. 117–128 и 161–164.

324

Russell Brines, MacArthur's Japan (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1948), c. 40.

325

Все цитаты в этом абзаце, если не указано иного, приводятся по изданию: John W. Dower, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000, paperback ed.), cc. 64, 60 и 117.

326

Mainichi Daily News, Fifty Years of Light and Dark: The Hirohito Era (Tokyo: Mainichi Newspaper, 1975), c. 211.

327

Richard H. Minear, Victors' Justice: The Tokyo War Crimes Trial (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971), cc. 100–101.

328

Theodore McNelly, The Japanese Constitution: Child of the Cold War, in Political Science Quarterly 74 (1979), cc. 179–180.

329

Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Government Section, Political Reorientation of Japan: September 1945 to September 1948 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949), c. 105.

330

Макартуровский проект содержится в издании: Sato Tatsuo, The Origin and Development of the Draft Constitution of Japan, in Contemporary Japan 24:4–6 (1956), cc. 188–199; с текстом новой конституции, принятой 3 ноября 1946 года, можно познакомиться в издании: Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, т. 1 (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993), cc. 229–232.

331

Mark R. Mullins, Shimazono Susumu, and Paul L. Swanson, eds., Religion and Society in Modem Japan: Selected Readings (Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1993), c. 173.

332

Dower, Embracing Defeat, c. 314.

333

Richard B. Finn, Winners in Peace: MacArthur, Yoshida, and Postwar Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), c. 97.

334

Marlene J. Mayo, American Wartime Planning for Occupied Japan: The Role of Experts, in Robert Wolfe, ed., Americans as Proconsuls (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984), c. 36.

335

Howard B. Schonberger, Zaibatsu Dissolution and the American Restoration of Japan, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 5:2 (Сентябрь 1973), cc. 16–31.

336

Mikiso Hane, Peasants, Rebels, and Outcasts: The Underside of Modem Japan (New York: Pantheon Books, 1982), c. 250.

337

Ronald C. Dore, Shinohata: A Portrait of a Japanese Village (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978), c. 65.

338

Report of the [First] U. S. Education Mission: Digest, in Edward R. Beauchamp and James M. Virdaman, Jr., eds., Japanese Education since 1945: A Documentary Study (Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe, 1994), c. 87.

339

Fundamental Law of Education, 1947, in Herbert Passim, ed., Society and Education in Japan (Teachers Colledge and East Asian Institute, Columbia University, 1965), cc. 302 и 301.

340

Alfred C. Oppier, Legal Reform in Occupied Japan: A Participant Looks Back (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), c. 117.

341

Vidya Prakash Dutt, ed., East Asia: China, Korea, Japan, 1947–1950 (London: Oxford University Press, 1958), c. 31.

342

Japan: Confidentially, Some Confidential Shades of FEC-230, in Newsweek (Декабрь 29, 1947), c. 31.

343

Schonberger, «Dzaibatsu Dissolution and the American Restoration of Japan», cc. 22–26.

344

Tessa Morris-Suzuki, Showa: An Inside History of Hirohito's Japan (New York: Schocken Books, 1985), cc. 247–248.

345

Sheldon Garon, The State and Labor in Modem Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), c. 239.

346

John W. Dower, Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878–1954 (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1988), c. 371.

347

The Pacific Rivals, c. 107.

348

Douglas MacArthur, Reminiscences (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), cc. 281–282.

349

Слова Ясукава приводятся по изданию: Yasukawa Daigoro, Message from Tokyo Olympic Committee, in Contemporary Japan (Октябрь 1963), cc. 638–641.

350

Цитаты, приведенные в этом абзаце, взяты из: Mainichi Daily News, Fifty Years of Light and Dark: The Hirohito Era (Tokyo: Mainichi Newspaper, 1975), cc. 341–342.

351

James L. McClain, «Cultural Chauvinism and the Olympiads of East Asia», International Journal of the History Sport 7:3 (Декабрь 1990), c. 395.

352

Edwin O. Reischauer, The United States and Japan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957, rev. ed.), c. 51.

353

Nick Lyons, The Sony Vision (New York: Crown, 1976), c. 41; Hanada Hideji, If Morita Akio Had Become Japan's «Business Premier», in Japan Echo 27:1 (Февраль 2000), Интернет-издание, без указания страниц (переведено с издания «Zaikai sori shunin mokuzen ni taoreta Soni Morita Akio no munen, in Ekonomisuto, Октябрь 26, 1999, cc. 68–70).

354

Dennis B. Smith, Japan since 1945: The Rise of an Economic Superpower (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995), c. 109.

355

Ezra E Vogel, Japan's New Middle Class (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963, 2d ed.), c. 268.

356

Anne Е. Imamura, Urban Japanese Housewives: At Home and in the Community (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987), c. 67.

357

Merry White, The Virtue of Japanese Mothers: Cultural Definitions of Women's Lives, in Daedalus 116:3 (Лето 1987), c. 153.

358

Gail Lee Bernstein, Women in Rural Japan, in Joyce Lebra, Joy Paulson, and Elizabeth Powers, eds., Women in Changing Japan (Boulder: Westview Press, 1976), c. 44 и c. 46.

359

William W Kelley, Finding a Place in Metropolitan Japan: Ideologies, Institutions, and Everyday Life, in Andrew Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), c. 215.

360

Myrakami Yasusuke, The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case of Japan, Journal of Japanese Studies 8:1 (Зима 1982), c. 36.

361

Kudota Akira, The Political Influence of the Japanese Higher Civil Service, in Japan Quarterly 28:1 (Январь — март 1981), с. 45.

362

Ezra E. Vogel, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), c. viii.

363

Слова Эдвина Райсхауэра приводятся по тексту на последней странице обложки нью-йоркского издания книги Фогеля Japan as Number One (New York: Harper Colophon, 1980).

364

Koji Taira, Dialectics of Economic Growth, National Power, and Distributive Struggles, in Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History, c. 171.

365

Norma Field, Somehow: The Postmodern as Atmosphere, in Masao Miyoshi and H. D. Harootunian, eds., Postmodernism and Japan (Durham: Duke University Press, 1989), cc. 172–179.

366

Margaret Lock, Restorinng Order to the House of Japan, in Wilson Quarterly 14:4 (Осень 1990), cc. 46–47.

367

Theodore C. Bestor, Tokyo Mom-and-Pop, in Wilson Quarterly 14:4 (Осень 1990), cc. 46–47.

368

Marilyn Ivy, Tradition and Difference in the Japanese Mass Media, in Public Culture 1:1 (Осень 1988), c. 21.

369

Jennifer Robertson, Native and Newcomer: Making and Remaking a Japanese City (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), c. 23.

370

Fujiwara Sakuya, Japan's Financial Woes and the Hopes for Big Bang, in Japan Echo 25:1 (February 1998), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

371

Obuchi Keizo, From Foreign Minister to Ptime Minister, in Japan Echo 25:5 (Октябрь 1998), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

372

Prime Minister Mori: A Full Life of Encounters with Remarkable People, news release from the Consulate General of Japan, Boston, июль 24, 2000.

373

Tоkuyama Jiro, The Leaderless State, in Japan Echo 18:4 (Зима 1991), cc. 35–41 (tr. and abr. from Rida naki kuni wa horobu, Chuo Koron [Октябрь 1991], cc. 124–140).

374

Masuzoe Yoichi, The LDP's Electoral Setback, in Japan Echo 25:5 (Октябрь 1998), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

375

Masamura Kimihiro et al., The LDP in Crisis, Japan Echo 16:3 (Осень 1989), c. 17 (tr. and abr. from Jiminto itto shihai wa qwari ka, in Economisuto [Июль 3, 1989], cc. 12–21).

376

Noguchi Yukio, The Persistence of the 1940 Slump, in Japan Echo 24: Special Issue (1997), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц (перевод 1940 taisei, saraba senji keizai [Tokyo: Toyo Keizai, 1995], cc. 133–150 и 177–199).

377

Iwami Takao, Japanese Politics in an Age of Realignment, in Japan Echo 21:1 (Весна 1994), c. 9 (tr. and abr. from Jiminto wa ikinokoreru ka, in Bungei Shunju [Январь 1994], cc. 104–110).

378

Noda Nobuo, The Built-in Defects of Japanese Government, in Japan Echo 18:4 (Зима 1991), cc. 44–45 (tr. and abr. from Sabakareru «han'ei kyodotai», in Shokun [Октябрь 1991], cc. 26–38).

379

Sassa Atsuyuki, Fault Lines in Our Emergency Management System, in Japan Echo 22:2 (Лето 1995), c. 23 (tr. and abr. from «Gominkan» ga inakkatta sori kantei, in Chuo Koron [Апрель 1995], cc. 62–73).

380

Kishi Nobuhito, Is MOF to Blame for Japan's «Second Defeat?», in Japan Echo 25:5 (Октябрь 1998), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

381

Sakaiya Taichi, The Myth of the Competent Bureaucrat, in Japan Echo 25:1 (Февраль 1998), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц (tr. and abr. from Gendai kanryo «cho» munoron, Bungei Shinju [Октябрь 1997], cc. 94—103).

382

Yoshida Katsuji, The Administrative Reform Debacle-Hashimoto's Nemesis, in Japan Quarterly 45:1 (Январь-март 1998), c. 30.

383

Obuchi, From Foreign Minister to Prime Minister.

384

Fujiwara, Japan's Financial Foes and the Hope for Big Bang, and Takeuchi Yasuo, Revitalizing Japanese Manufacturing, in Japan Echo 23:4 (Зима 1996), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

385

Sato Seizaburo, Time for Review of Japan's Security Policy, in Japan Echo 17:4 (Зима 1990), c. 23.

386

Japan's Role in the International Community: Draft Report, in Japan Echo 19:2 (Лето 1992), c. 52.

387

Ikeda Tadashi, Toward an Open-Ended Asia Policy, in Japan Echo 22:1 (Весна 1995), c. 21 (tr. from «Ajiashugi» de nai Ajia gaiko o, in Gaiko Forum [Февраль 1994], cc. 52–60).

388

David A. Titus, Accessing the World: Palace and Foreign Policy in Post Occupation Japan, in Gerald L. Curtis, ed., Japan's Foreign Policy after the Cold War: Coping with Change (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1993), c. 67.

389

Chinese President Slaps Japan over Apology for WWII Actions, in Providence Sunday Journal, Ноябрь 29, 1998, с. A6.

390

Kathleen S. Uno, The Death of «Good Wife, Wise Mother», in Andrew Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), c. 314.

391

Suzuki Kazue, Equal Job Opportunity for Whom? in Japan Quarterly 43:3 (Июль-сентябрь 1996), c. 54.

392

Jean R. Rensaw, Kimono in the Boardroom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), c. 132.

393

Merry White, Home Truths: Women and Social Change in Japan, in Daedalus 121:4 (Осень 1992), c. 70.

394

Ogawa Naohiro, When the Baby Boomers Grow Old, in Japan Echo 23: Special Issue (1996), c. 19 (tr. and abr. from «Dankai koreika» no kyofu, in Sansara [Октябрь 1995], cc. 160–167).

395

Nicholas D. Kristof, Who Needs Love? In Japan, Many Couples Don't, in New York Times, Февраль 11, 1996, Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

396

White, Ноте Truths, с. 70.

397

Chikushi Tetsuya, Young People as a New Human Race, in Japan Quarterly 33:3 (Июль-сентябрь 1986), c. 291.

398

Sugahara Mariko, Five Fatal Symptoms of the Japanese Disease, in Japan Echo 21:2 (Лето 1994), c. 69 (tr. from «Nihon byo» itsutsu no shojo, in Chuo Koron [Апрель 1994], cc. 108–116).

399

Ijiri Kazuo, The Breakdown of the Japanese Work Ethic, in Japan Echo 17:4 (Зима 1990), cc. 38–40 (tr. and abr. from Rikuruto no mo hitotsu no hanzai, in Shokun [Октябрь 1990], cc. 174–184).

400

Nishiyama Akira, Among Friends: The Seductive Power of Bullying, in Japan Quarterly 43:4 (Октябрь — декабрь 1996), cc. 51–57.

401

Mark Schreiber, Juvenile Crime in the 1990’s, in Japan Quarterly 44:2 (Апрель-июнь 1997), cc. 84–85.

402

Merry White, The Virtue of Japanese Mothers: Cultural Definitions of Women's Lives, in Daedalus 116:3 (Лето 1987), c. 154.

403

Kawakami Ryoichi, A Teacher's Diary, in Japan Echo (Февраль 1998), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц (tr. and abr. from «Okosamakyo» ga koko made gakko о dame ni shita, in Bungei Shunju [Jmz,hm 1997], cc. 300–316).

404

Crisis in the Schools, in Japan Echo 25:3 (Июнь 1998), Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

405

Ibid.

406

Richard Siddle, Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan (London: Routledge, 1996), c. 179.

407

Richard Siddle, Ainu: Japan's Indigenous People, in Michael Weiner, ed., Japan's Minorities: The Illusion of Homogeneity (London: Routledge, 1997), c. 32.

408

Chikako Kashiwazaki, The Politics of Legal Status: The Equation of Nationality with Ethnonational Identity, in Sonia Ryang, ed., Koreans in Japan: Critical Voices from the Margins (London: Routledge, 2000), c. 29.

409

Let's Make a New Start, in Japan Times, 1 января 2000, Интернет-издание, без нумерации страниц.

410

Dorinne Kondo, The Aesthetics and Politics of Japanese Identity in the Fashion Industry, in Joseph J. Tobin, ed., Re-Made in Japan: Everyday Life and Consumer Taste in Changing Society (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), cc. 179 и 194.

411

Kato Shuichi, Oe Kenzaburo and the Nobel Prize, in Japan Echo 22:1 (Весна 1995), cc. 78–79 (tr. from Kawabata Yasunarikara Oe Kenzaburo e, in Asahi shinbun, evening edition, Октябрь 20, 1994, c. 15).

412

Iwao Sumiko, Popular Culture Goes Regional, in Japan Echo 21:4 (Pbvf 1994), c. 74.

413

Translated by A. L. Sadler in The Ten Foot Square Hut and Tales of the Heike (Rutledge, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1972), c. 1.