Фашисты

Библиография

Abel, T. 1938. Why Hitler Came to Power. New York: Prentice-Hall.

Abse, T. 1986. “The rise of Fascism in an industrial city: The case of Livorno 1918–1922” in: D. Forgacs (ed.), Rethinking Italian Fascism. London: Lawrence & Wishart.

_____. 1996. “Italian workers and Italian Fascism,” in Bessel (ed.), Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

Aguado Sanchez, F. 1972. La revolutiön de octubre 1934. Madrid: San Martin.

Aldcroft, D., Morewood S. 1995. Economic Change in Eastern Europe since 1918.

Aldershot, Hants: Edward Elgar.

Alexander, M. S., Graham H. (eds.) 1989. The French and Spanish Popular Fronts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Allen, M. 1995. “Engineers and modern managers in the SS: The business administration main office.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.

_____. 2002. The Business of Genocide: The SS, Slave Labor, and the Concentration Camps. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Allen, W. S. 1965. The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experience of a Single German Town, 1930–1935. Chicago: Quadrangle.

Alpert, M. 1989. “The Spanish army and the Popular Front” in: Alexander, M. S., Graham H. (eds.), French and Spanish Popular Fronts.

Alvarez Chillida, G. 1992. “Nation, tradición e imperio en la extrema derecha espanola durante la decada de 1930.” Hispania 52/3.

Alvarez Rey, L. 1993. La derecha en la II república: Sevilla, 1931–1936. Seville: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla.

Ancel, J. 1993. “Antonescu and the Jews.” Yad Vashem Studies 23.

Ashman, C., R. Wagman 1988. The Nazi Hunters. New York: Pharos.

Aubert, P. 1987. “Los intelectuales en el poder (1931–1933): Del constitucionalismo a la Constitutión.” In M. Tunón de Lara (ed.), La segunda república Espana: El primer bienio. Madrid: Siglo XXI.

Augustinos, G. 1977. Conciousness and History: Nationalist Critics of Greek Society, 1897–1914. Boulder, Colo.: East European Quarterly and Columbia University Press.

Bacheller, C. 1976. “Class and conservatism: The changing social structure of the German right, 1900–1928.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Bailer-Galanda, B. 1998. “Old or new right? Juridical denazification and rightwing extremisin Austria since 1945.” In Larsen and Hagtvet (eds.), Modern Europe after Fascism.

Bairoch, P. 1976. “Europe’s gross national product: 1800–1975.” Journal of European Economic History 5.

Balakrishnan, G. 2000. The Enemy: An Intellectual Portrait of Carl Schmitt. London: Verso.

Balcells, A. 1971. Crisis económica y agttaaón socialen Cataluña de 1930 a 1936. Barcelona.

Ballbé, M. 1983. Orden público y militarismo en la Espana constitucional. Madrid: Alianza.

Bar, A. 1975. “La Confederación Nacional del Trabajo frente a la II República.” In M. Ramírez (ed.), Estudios sobre la II republica espanola. Madrid: Technos.

_____. 1981. La CNT en los años rojos. Madrid: Akal.

Baldwin, P. 1990, “Social interpretations of Nazism: Renewing a tradition.” Journal of Contemporary History 25.

Barany, G. 1971. “The dragon’s teeth: The roots of Hungarian fascism.” In Sugar (ed.), Native Fascism.

Barbagli, M. 1982. Educating for Unemployment: Politics, Labour Markets and the School System — Italy, 1859–1923. New York: Columbia University Press.

Barbu, Z. 1980. “Psycho-historical and sociological perspectives on the Iron Guard, the fascist movement in Romania.” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

Barkai, A. 1990. Nazi Economics. Oxford: Berg.

Barrull Pelegri, J. 1986. Les comarques de Lleida durant la segona repi’Mica (1930–1936). Barcelona: L’Avenc.

Ben-Ami, S. 1983. Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923–1930. Oxford: Clarendon.

BatkayW. 1982. Authoritarian Politics in a Transitional State: Istvan Bethlen and the Unified Party in Hungary, 1919-26. New York: Columbia University Press.

Berend, I. 1998. Decades of Crisis: Central and Eastern Europe before World War II. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Berend, I., and G. Ránki. 1979. Economic Development in East-Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. New York: Columbia University Press.

Berezin, M. 1997. Making the Fascist Self. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Bermejo Martin, F. 1984. La IIa república en Logrdno: Elecciones y contexto politico. Logroño: Communidad Autónoma de la Rioja.

Bernardini, G. 1989. “The origins and development of racial anti-semitism in fascist Italy.” In M. Marrus (ed.), The Nazi Holocaust, vol. 4: “The Final Solution” Outside Germany. Westport, Conn.: Meckler.

Bessel, R. 1984. Political Violence and the Rise of Nazism. New Haven: Yale University Press.

_____. 1986. “Violence as propaganda: The role of the stormtroopers in the rise of National Socialism.” In Childers (ed.), The Formation of the Nazi Constituency.

_____. 1988. “The Great War in German memory: The soldiers of the First World War, demobilization, and Weimar political culture.” German History 6.

Bessel, R. (ed.). 1996. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: Comparisons and Contrasts.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bessel, R., and M. Jamin. 1979. “Nazis, workers and the uses of quantitative evidence.” Social History 4.

Betz, H.-G. 1994. Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe. London: Macmillan.

Binchy, D. A. 1941. Church and State in Fascist Italy. London: Oxford University Press.

Birn, R. 1991. “Austrian higher SS and police leaders and their participation in the Holocaust in the Balkans.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 6.

Blinkhorn, M. 1975. Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931–1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

_____. 1987. “The Iberian States.” In D. Mühlberger (ed.), The Social Basis of European Fascist Movements. London: CroomHelm.

_____. 1990. Fascists and Conservatives. London: Unwin Hyman.

Boak, H. 1990. “Women in Weimar Politics.” European History Quarterly 20.

Borchardt, K. 1982. Wachstum, Krisen, Handlungsspielraume der Wirtschaftspolitik.

Göttingen: Vandenkoeck & Ruprecht.

Bosch, A. 1993. “Sindicalismo, conflictividad y politíca.” In Bosch et al. (eds.), Estudios sobre la segunda republica. Valencia: Edicions Alfons el Magnànim.

Botz, G. 1980. “Introduction” and “The changing patterns of social support for Austrian National Socialism (1918–1945).” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

_____. 1982. “Political violence, its forms and strategies in the First Austrian Republic.” In W. Mommsen and G. Hirschfeld (eds.), Social Protest, Violence and Terror in Nineteenthand Twentieth-Century Europe. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

_____. 1983. Gewalt in der Politik, 2nd ed. Munich: Fink.

_____. 1985. “Strategies of political violence: Chance events and structural effects as causal factors in the February rising of the Austrian Social Democrats.” In Rabinbach (ed.), Austrian Socialist Experiment.

_____. 1987a. “Austria.” In D. Mühlberger (ed.), The Social Basis of European Fascist Movements. London: CroomHelm.

_____. 1987b. “The Jews of Vienna from the Anschluss to the Holocaust.” In Oxaal et al. (eds.), Jews, Antisemitism and Culture.

_____. 1988. Nationalsozialismus in Wien. Wien: DVO.

Boyd, C. 1979. Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Bracher, K. D. 1971. The German Dictatorship. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Brademas, J. 1974. Anarcosyndicalismo y revolution en Espana (1930–1937). Barcelona: Ariel.

Braham, R. 1981. The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary, 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press.

_____. 1998. Romanian Nationalists and the Holocaust: The Political Exploitation of Unfounded Rescue Attempts. New York: Columbia University Press.

Brooker, P. 1991. The Faces of Fraternalism. Oxford: Clarendon.

Broszat, M. 1981. The Hitler State. London: Longman.

_____. 1987. Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Germany. Leamington Spa: Berg.

Brown, J. 1989. “The Berlin NSDAP in the Kampfzeit.” German History 7.

Brubaker, R. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Brustein, W. 1988. “The political geography of Belgian fascism: The case of rexism.” American Journal ofSociology 53: 69–70.

_____. 1991. “The ‘Red Menace’ and the rise of Italian Fascism.” American Sociological Review 56.

_____. 1996. The Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party, 1925–1933. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

Bukey, E. 1978. “The Nazi Party in Linz, Austria, 1931–1939: A sociological perspective.” German Studies Review 1.

_____. 1986. Hitler’s Hometown: Linz, Austria 1908–1945. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.

_____. 1989. “Popular opinion in Vienna after the Anschluss.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

_____. 1992. “Nazi rule in Austria.” Austria History Yearbook 23.

Burleigh, M. 2000. The Third Reich. New York: Hill & Wang.

Busquets, J. 1984. El militar de carrera en Espana. Barcelona: Ariel.

Cabrera, M. 1983. La patronal ante la II república: Organizacionesy etrategia (1931–1936). Madrid: Siglo Veintuino Editores.

Caldwell, L. 1986. “Reproducers of the Nation: Women and the family in Fascist policy.” In Forgacs (ed.), Rethinking Italian Fascism.

Campbell, A. 1998. “The invisiblewelfare state: Class struggles, the American Legion and the development of veteran’s benefits in the 20th century United States.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.

Campbell, B. 1998. The SA Generals and the Rise of Nazism. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.

Campos, M. 1986. El socialisms espanoly la cuestión agrario (1890–1936).

Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.

Cancela, D. 1987. La segunda república en Cadiz: Elecciones y partidos politicos.

Cadiz: Diputación Provincial.

Caplan, J. 1986. “Speaking the right language: The Nazi party and the civil service vote in the Weimar Republic.” In Childers (ed.), The Formation of the Nazi Constituency.

_____. 1988. Government Without Administration: State and Civil Service in Weimar and Nazi Germany. Oxford: Clarendon.

Cardoza, A. 1982. Agrarian Elites and Italian Fascism: The Province of Bologna, 1901–1926. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Carmona, Á. 1989. El trabajo industrial en la Espana contemporanea (1874–1936).

Barcelona: Anthropos.

Carsten, F. 1976. “Interpretations of fascism.” In W. Laqueur (ed.), Fascism: A Reader’s Guide. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

_____. 1977. Fascist Movements in Austria. London: Sage.

_____. 1980. The Rise of Fascism. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Casas de Vega, R. 1974. Los milicias nacionales en la guerra de Espana. Madrid: Editora Nacional.

Castillo, J. J. 1979. Proprietarios muy pobres: Sobre la subordination politica delpequeno campesino. Madrid: Ministerio del Agricultura.

Cavandoli, R. 1972. Le origini del fascismo a Reggio Emilia. Roma: Editori Riuniti.

Ceva, L. 2000. “The Strategy of Fascist Italy: A Premise.” Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, issue 2.3.

Childers, T. 1983. The Nazi Voter. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

_____. 1984. “Who, indeed, did vote for Hitler?” Central European History 17: 45–53.

_____. 1990. “The social language of politics in Germany: The sociology of political discourse in the Weimar Republic.” American Historical Review 95.

_____. 1991. “The middle classes and National Socialism.” In D. Blackbourn and R. Evans (eds.), The German Bourgeoisie. London: Routledge.

Childers, T (ed.) 1986. The Formation of the Nazi Constituency, 1919–1933. London: CroomHelm.

Chirot, D. 1978. “Neoliberal and social-democratic theories of development: The Zeletin-Voinea debate concerning Romania’s prospects in the 1920s and its contemporary importance.” In K. Jowitt (ed.), Social Change in Romania, 18601940. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California.

Chueca, R. 1983. El fascismo en los comienzos del regimen de Franco. Madrid: C.I.S.

Clark, M. 1988. “Italian squadrismo and contemporary vigilantism.” European History Quarterly 18.

Close, D. H. 1984. “The police in the Fourth-of-August Regime.” Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora 13.

Close, D. 1990. “Conservatism, authoritarianism and fascism in Greece, 19151945.” In M. Blinkhorn (ed.), Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe. London: Unwin Hyman.

Codreanu, C. 1990. For My Legionaries, 2nd ed. Reedy, W.V.: Liberty Bell.

Collier, G. 1987. Socialists of Rural Andalusia. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.

Collins, R. 1998. The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Contreras, M. 1981. El PSOE en la II republica. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas.

Corner, P. 1975. Fascism in Ferrara, 1915–1925. London: Oxford University Press.

Craig, G. 1994. “The true believer.” New York Review of Books, March 24.

Cruz, R. 1984. “La organization del PCE (1920–1934).” Estudios de Historia Social 31.

_____. 1987. Elpartido communista de Espana en la II república. Madrid: Alianza.

Dahl, O. 1999. Syndicalism, Fascism and Post-Fascism in Italy 1900–1950. Oslo: Solum Forlag.

Dahl, R. 1977. Polyarchy. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

Deak, I. 1966. “Hungary.” In H. Rogger and E.Weber (eds.), The European Right: A Historical Profile. Berkeley: University of California Press.

_____. 1992. “Survivors.” New York Review of Books, March 5.

De Felice, R. 1966. Mussolini il fascista: La conquista del potere 1921-25. Turin: Einaudi.

_____. 1974. Mussolini il Duce: Gli anni del consenso 1929–1936.

Turin: Einaudi.

_____. 1977. Interpretations of Fascism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

_____. 1980. “Italian Fascism and the middle classes.” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

_____. 1995. Mussolini il rivoluzionario 1883–1920, 2nd ed. Turin: Einaudi.

De Grand, A. 1978. The Italian Nationalist Association and the Rise of Fascism in Italy. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

De Grazia, V. 1992. How Fascism Ruled Women: Italy 1922–1945. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

de la Cueva, J. 1998. “Religious persecution, anti-clerical tradition and revolution: Atrocities against the clergy during the Spanish Civil War.” Journal of Contemporary History 33.

Del Boca, A. 1969. The Ethiopian War 1935–1941. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Delzell, C. 1970. Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945: A Documentary History. London: Macmillan.

De Pablo, Santiago. 1995. Historia del nacionalismo vasco. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Fundacion Sancho el Sabio.

Diamanti, I. 1996. “The Northern League: From regional party to party of government.” In S. Gundle and S. Parker (eds.), The New Italian Republic. London: Routledge.

Diehl, J. 1977. Paramilitary Politics in Weimar Germany. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.

Döhn, L. 1970. Politik und Interesse: Die Interessenstruktur der Deutschen Volkspartei. Meisenhei am Glan: Anton Hain.

Dorian, E. 1982. The Quality of Witness: A Romanian Diary 1937–1944. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America.

Douglas, D. M. 1977. “The parent cell: Some computer notes on the composition of the first Nazi Party group in Munich, 1919-21.” Central European History 10.

Downing, B. 1992. The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Dunnage, J. 1997. The Italian Police and the Rise of Fascism. London: Praeger.

Eatwell, R. 1995. Fascism, a History. London: Chatto & Windus.

_____. 1996. “On defining the fascist minimum: The centrality of ideology.” Journal of Political Ideologies 1.

_____. 2001. “Universal fascism? Approaches and definitions.” In S. U. Larsen (ed.), Fascism outside Europe. New York: Columbia University Press.

Edmondson, C. E. 1978. The Heimwehr and Austrian Politics, 1918-36. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

_____. 1985. “The Heimwehr and February 1934: Reflections and questions.” In Rabinbach (ed.), Austrian Socialist Experiment.

Elazar, D. 1993. “The making of Italian Fascism: The seizure of power, 1919–1922.” Ph.D. thesis, University of California at Los Angeles.

Eley, G. 1980. Rethinking the German Right. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

_____. 1983. “What produces fascism: Pre-industrial traditions or a crisis of the capitalist state?” Politics and Society 12.

_____. 1986. From Unification to Nazism: Reinterpreting the German Past. London: Routledge.

Epelbaum, D. 1990. Alois Brunner: La Haine Irreductible. Paris: Calmann-Levy.

Espín, E. 1980. Azana en elpoder: Elpartido de Acción Republicana. Madrid: Centro d Investigaciones Sociologicas.

Falter, J. 1986. Wahlen und Abstimmungen in der Weimarer Republik. Munich: Beck.

_____. 1991. Hitlers W’ahler. Munich: Beck.

_____. 1993. “Die Jungmitglieder der NSDAP zwischen 1925 und 1933. Ein demographisches und soziales Profil.” In W. Krabbe (ed.), Politische Jugend in der Weimarer Republik. Bochum: Universitatsverlag.

_____. 1998. “Recurring patterns of West German voting behaviour: Continuities and discontinuities 1928 to 1953.” In S. U. Larsen and B. Hagtvet (eds.), Modern Europe after Fascism, 1943-1980s. New York: Columbia University Press.

Falter, J., and H. Bömermann. 1989. “Die Entwicklung der Weimarer Parteien in ihren Hochburgen und die Wahlerfolge der NSDAP.” In H. Best (ed.), Politik und Milieu. St. Katharinen: Scripta Mercaturae.

Fargion, L. 1989. “The anti-Jewish policy of the Italian Social Republic (19431945).” In Marrus (ed.), The Nazi Holocaust, vol. 4.

Farré, J. 1985. La Izquierda Burguesa en la II república. Madrid: Espas-Calpe.

Ferenc, T. 1988. “The Austrians and Slovenia during the Second World War.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Ferraresi, F. 1998. “The radical right in postwar Italy.” In Larsen and Hagtvet (eds.), Modern Europe after Fascism.

Fischer, C. 1978. “The occupational background of the SA’s rank and file membership during the Depression years, 1929 to mid-1934.” In P. Stachura (ed.), The Shaping of the Nazi State. London: CroomHelm.

_____. 1983. Stormtroopers. London: Allen & Unwin.

_____. 1991. The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

_____. 1995. The Rise of the Nazis. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Fischer, C. and C. Hicks. 1980. “Statistics and the historian: The occupational profile of the SA of the NSDAP.” Social History 5.

Fischer-Galati, S. 1971. “Fascism in Romania.” In Sugar (ed.), Native Fascism.

_____. 1989. “Fascism, communism and the Jewish question in Romania.” In M. Marrus (ed.), The Nazi Holocaust, vol. 4: “The Final Solution” Outside Germany. Westport, Conn.: Meckler.

Flora, P 1983-87. State, Economy and Society in Western Europe, 1815–1975. Chicago: St. James Press.

Fogarty, M. 1957. Christian Democracy in Western Europe, 1820–1953. London: Routledge.

Forgacs, D. 1986. “The Left and Fascism: Problems of definition and strategy.” In Forgacs (ed.), Rethinking Italian Fascism.

Forner Munoz, S. 1982. Industrializatión y movimiento obrero: Alicante 1923–1936.

Valencia: Institution Alfonso el Magnánimo.

Francini, M. 1976. Primo dopoguerra a origini del fascismo a Pistoia. Milan: Feltrinelli.

Franco Rubio, G. A. 1982. “La contributión de la mujer espanola a la politica contemporanea: De la Restauración a la Guerra Civil (1876–1939).” In R. M. Capel Martinez (ed.), Mujer y sociedadenEspana 1700–1975. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura.

Franzosi, R. 1996. “Mobilization and counter-mobilization processes: From the ‘red years’ (1919-20) to the ‘black years’ (1921-22) in Italy. A new methodological approach to the study of narrative-data.” Unpublished paper, Trinity College, Oxford.

Fraser, R. 1994. Blood of Spain, 2nd ed. London: Pimlico.

Friedlaender, S. 1986. “Nazism: Fascism or Totalitarianism?” In C. S. Maier et al. (eds.), The Rise of the Nazi Regime. Historical Re-assessments. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

_____. 1997. Nazi Germany and the Jews, vol. 1: The Years of Persecution, 19331939. New York: HarperCollins.

Fritzsche, P. 1990. Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

_____. 1998. Germans into Nazis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Frye, B. 1985. Liberal Democrats in the Weimar Republic. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

Fusi, J. P. 1985. Franco: Autoritarismo y poder personal. Madrid: El Pais.

Gaillard, J. 1990. “The attractions of Fascism for the Church of Rome.” In J. Milfull (ed.), The Attractions of Fascism. Oxford: Berg.

Gallagher, T 1990. “Conservatism, dictatorship and fascism in Portugal, 1914-45.”

In M. Blinkhorn (ed.), Fasicists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe. London: Unwin Hyman.

Gao, Bai. 1997. Economic Ideology and Japanese Industrial Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

García Andreu, M. 1985. Alicante en las elecciones republicanas 1931–1936.

Alicante: Universidad de Alicante.

Geary, D. 1983. “The industrial elite and the Nazis in the Weimar Republic.” In P. Stachura (ed.), The Nazi Machtegreifung. London: Allen & Unwin.

_____. 1990. “Employers, workers and the collapse of the Weimar Republic.” In I. Kershaw (ed.), Weimar: Why Did German Democracy Fail? New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Gentile, E. 1989. Storia del Partito Fascista, 1919–1922. Roma: Laterza.

_____. 1990. “Fascism as political religion.” Journal of Contemporary History.

_____. 1996. The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

_____. 2000. Fascismo e antifascismo: I partito italiani fra le due guerre. Florence: Le Monnier.

Germán, L., et al. 1980. Elecciones en Zaragoza-Capital durante la II república.

Zaragoza: Diputacion Provincial.

Germán Zubero, L. 1984. Aragon en la II república. Zaragoza: Institucion Fernando El Catolico.

Geyer, M. 1990. “The past as future: The German officer corps as profession.” In G. Cocks and K. Jarausch (eds.), German Professions, 1800–1950. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gibson, I. 1979. The Assassination of Federico Gama Lorca, 2nd ed. London: W. H. Allen.

Gil Robles, J. M. 1968. Nofueposible lapaz. Barcelona: Ariel.

Giles, G. 1978. “The rise of the National Socialist Students’ Association and the failure of political education in the Third Reich.” In P. D. Stachura (ed.), The Shaping of the Nazi State. London: CroomHelm.

_____. 1983. “National Socialism and the educated elite in the Weimar Republic.” In Stachura (ed.), The Nazi Machtergreifung.

Giner, S. 1977. “Sociologia del franquismo.” Barcelona, papers, no. 6.

Giolitti, G. 1923. Memoirs of My Life. London: Chapman & Dodd.

Gold, D. 1991. “Organized Hinduisms: From Vedic truth to Hindu nation.” In M. Marty and R. Appleby (eds.), Fundamentalisms Observed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gomez-Navarro, J. L. 1991. El Regimen de Primo de Rivera. Madrid: Catedra.

Gonzalez-Hernández, M. 1990. Ciudadanía y accíon: El conservadurismo maurista, 1907-23. Madrid: Siglo XXI.

Gordon, S. 1984. Hitler, Germs and the Jewish Question. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Gosztony, P. 1985. “Annual Statistic al Romaniei.” Bucharest: Institut Central de Statistica, 1939-40.

Gramsci, A. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International.

Gregor, A. J. 1979. Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Gregor, J.1969.The Ideology of Fascism: The Rationale of Totalitarianism. New York: Free Press.

_____. 2000. “Fascism, Marxism and some considerations concerning classification.” Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, issue 3.2.

Gress, F. 1998. “Right-wing extremism in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany.” In Larsen and Hagtvet (eds.), Modern Europe after Fascism.

Griffin, R. 1991. The Nature of Fascism. London: Routledge.

_____. 1995. Fascism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

_____. 2001. “Caught in its own net: Post-war fascism outside Europe.” In Larsen (ed.), Fascism outside Europe.

_____. 2002. “The primacy of culture: The current growth (or manufacture) of consensus within fascist studies.” Journal of Contemporary History 37.

Grill, J. 1983. The Nazi Movement in Baden, 1920–1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Gruber, H. 1985. “Socialist Party culture and the realities of working class life in Red Vienna.” In Rabinbach (ed.), Austrian Socialist Experiment.

Guinea, J. 1978. Los movimientos obrerosy sindicales en Espana: De 1833 a 1978.

Madrid: Iberico Europea de Ediciones.

Gulick, C. 1948. Austria from Habsburg to Hitler, vol. 2: Fascism: Subversion of Democracy. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Guttsman, W. L. 1981. The German Social Democratic Party, 1875–1933. London: Allen & Unwin.

Hagtvet, B. 1980. “The theory of mass society and Weimar.” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

Hamann, B. 1999. Hitler’s Vienna: A Dictator’s Apprenticeship. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hamilton, R. 1982. Who Voted for Hitler? Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

_____. 1997. “Review of The Logic of Evil by W. Brustein.” Contemporary Sociology 26.

Hanisch, E. 1989. “Austrian Catholicism: Between accommodation and resistance.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Heberle, R. 1964. From Democracy to Nazis. Baton Rouge: University of Louisiana Press.

Heilbronner, O. 1990. “The role of Nazi antisemitism in the Nazi Party’s activity and propaganda. A regional historiographical study.” Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook 38.

Heinen, A. 1986. Die Legion “ErzengelMichael” in Rumanien: Soziale Bewegung und politische Organisation. Munich: Oldenbourg.

Helmreich, E. C. 1979. The German Churches under Hitler. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press.

Herf, J. 1984. Reactionary Modernism. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hesse, S. 1990. “Fascism and the hypertrophy of male adolescence.” In J. Milfull (ed.), The Attractions of Fascism. Oxford: Berg.

Heywood, P. 1990. Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879–1936. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hitchins, K. 1994. Rumania 1866–1947. Oxford: Clarendon.

Hitler, A. 1940. Mein Kampf New York: Reynal & Hitchcock.

Hobsbawm, E. 1994. The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914–1991. New York: Pantheon.

Holtfrerich, C.-L. 1990. “Economic policy options and the end of the Weimar Republic.” In Kershaw (ed.), Weimar.

Hughes, H. S. 1967. Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought. London: Macgibbon & Kee.

Hunt, R. N. 1964. German Social Democracy, 1918-33. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.

Huntington, S. P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Ianciu C. 1996. Les juifs en Roumanie (1919–1938): De l’emancipation a la marginalisation. Paris/Louvain: Peeters.

_____. 1998. La Shoah en Roumanie. Montpellier: Université Paul-Valéry.

Ignazi, P. 1997. “The extreme right in Europe: A survey.” In P. Merkl and L. Weinberg (eds.), The Revival of Right-Wing Extremism in the 1990s. London: Frank Cass.

Ioanid, R. 1990. The Sword of the Archangel. New York: Columbia University Press.

Ionesco, E. 1960. Rhinoceros. New York: S. French.

Institutul Central de Statistica. 1939-40. Anuarul Statistic Al Romaniei. Bucharest: author.

Irwin, W. 1991. The 1933 Cortes Elections. New York: Garland.

Jackson, G. 1965. The Spanish Republic and the Civil War 1931–1939.

Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Jaffrelot, C. 1996. The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India. New York: Columbia University Press.

Jagschitz, G. 1975. Vom Justizpalast zum Heldenplatz. Wien: DVO.

James, H. 1990. “Economic reasons for the collapse of the Weimar Republic.” In Kershaw (ed.), Weimar.

Jamin, M. 1984. Zwischen den Klassen: Zur Sozialstruktur der SA-Fuhrerschaft.

Wuppertal: Peter Hammer.

Jarausch, K. 1990. The Unfree Professions: German Lawyers, Teachers and Engineers, 1900–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Janos, A. 1970. “The one-party state and social mobilization: East Europe between the Wars.” In S. Huntington and C. Moore (eds.), Authoritarian Politics in Modern Society. New York: Basic.

_____. 1982. The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825–1945. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

_____. 1989. “The politics of backwardness in Continental Europe, 1780–1945.” World Politics 61.

Jedlicka, L. 1979. “The Austrian Heimwehr.” In G. Mosse (ed.), International Fascism: New Thoughts and New Approaches, 2nd ed. London: Sage.

Jerez Mir, M. 1982. Elitespoliticasy centros de extractión en Espàna, 1938–1957. Madrid: C.I.S.

Jones, L. 1988. German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the German Party System, 1918–1933. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Jowitt, K. 1971. Revolutionary Breakthroughs and National Development: The Case of Romania, 1944–1965. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Juliá, S. 1977. La izquierda delPSOE (1935–1936). Madrid: Siglo XXI.

_____. 1979. Origenes del frente popular en Espàna (1934–1936). Madrid: Siglo XX.

_____. 1983. “Corporativistas obreros y reformadores poUticos: Crisis y escision del PSOE en la II República.” Studia Histórica 1.

_____. 1984. Madrid, 1931–1934: De la fiesta popular a la lucha de clases.

Madrid: Siglo XXI.

_____. 1989. “The origins and nature of the Spanish Popular Front.” In Alexander and Graham (eds.), French and Spanish Popular Fronts.

_____. 1990. “Guerra civil como guerra social.” In La iglesia católica y la guerra civil española. Madrid: Fundación Friedrich Ebert.

Julia, S., et al. 1999. Victimas de la guerra civil. Madrid: Temas de Hoy Historia.

Karady, V. 1993. “Antisemitism in twentieth-century Hungary: A sociohistorical overview.” Patterns of Prejudice 27.

_____. 1997. “Identity strategies under duress before and after the Holocaust.” In R. Braham and A. Pok (eds.), The Holocaust in Hungary: Fifty Years Later. New York: Columbia University Press.

Kallis, A. 2000. “The ‘regime-model’ of fascism: A typology.” European History Quarterly 30.

Karsai, L. 1998. “The last phase of the Hungarian Holocaust: The Szalasi Regime and the Jews.” In R. Braham and S. Miller (eds.), The Nazis’ Last Victims: The Holocaust in Hungary. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press.

Kater, M. 1975. Studentenschaft undRechtsradikalismus in Deutschland 1918–1933. Hamburg: Hoffmann & Kampe.

_____. 1983. The Nazi Party. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Kele, M. 1972. Nazis and Workers. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Kelikian, A. 1986. Town and Country under Fascism: The Transformation of Brescia, 1915–1926. Oxford: Clarendon.

Kelsey,G. 1991. Anarchosyndicalism, Libertarian Communism and the State: The CNT in Zaragoza and Aragon, 1930–1937. Amsterdam: Kluwer.

Kepel, G. 2002. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Kershaw, I. 1990. “Introduction: Perspectives of Weimar’s Failure.” In Kershaw (ed.),Weimar.

_____. 1991. Hitler. London: Longman.

_____. 1998. Hitler. 1889–1936: Hubris. New York: Norton.

_____. 2000. The Nazi Dictatorship, 4th ed. London: Edward Arnold.

Kershaw I. (ed.) 1990.Weimar: Why did Weimar Democracy Fail? New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Kindelan, A. (Teniente General). n.d. Ejercito y politica. Madrid: Aguilar.

Kirk, T. 1996. Nazism and the Working Class in Austria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kitchen, M. 1976. Fascism. London: Macmillan.

Kluge, U. 1984. Der Österreichische Ständestaat 1934–1938. Vienna:

Knight, M. 1952. The German Executive 1890–1933. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.

Knox, M. 1996. “Expansionist zeal, fighting power and staying power in the Italian and German dictatorships.” In Bessel (ed.), Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

Kofas, J. 1983. Authoritarianism in Greece: The Melaxas Regime. New York: Columbia University Press.

Kolb, E. 1979. “Zur Sozialbiographie einer Fuhrungsgruppe der SPD am Anfang der Weimarer Republik.” In Herkunft und Mandat: Beitrage zur Fohrungsproblematik in der Arbeiterbewegung. Frankfurt and Cologne: Europaische Verlagsanstalt.

Konrad, H. 1989. “Social democracy’s drift toward nazism before 1938.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Koshar, R. 1986. Social Life, Local Politics, and Nazism. Marburg, 1880–1935. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Kovács, M. 1991 “The ideology of illiberalism in the professions: Leftist and rightist radicalism among Hungarian doctors, lawyers and engineers, 1918-45.” European History Quarterly 21.

Kratzenberg, V. 1989. Arbeiter auf dem Weg zu Hitler? Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.

Kuhr, H. 1973. Partien und Wahlen im Stadt- und Landkreis Essen in der Zeit der Weimarer Republik. Düsseldorf: Droste.

Lackó, M. 1969. Arrow-Cross Men, National Socialists. 1935–1944. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.

Lannon, F. 1984. “The church’s crusade against the republic.” In P. Preston (ed.), Revolution and War in Spain. London: Methuen.

_____. 1987. Privilegio, persecution y profetía: La iglesia católica en Espana. 1875–1975. Madrid: Alianza.

Laqueur, W. (ed.) 1976. Fascism: A Reader’s Guide. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Larsen, S. U. 1998. “Overcoming the past when shaping the future.” In Larsen and Hagtvet, Modern Europe after Fascism.

_____. 2001. “Was there Fascism outside Europe? Diffusion from Europe and domestic impulses.” In Larsen (ed.), Fascism outside Europe.

Larsen, S. U. (ed.). 2001. Fascism outside Europe. New York: Columbia University Press.

Larsen, S. U., and B. Hagtvet (eds.). 1998. Modern Europe after Fascism 19431980s. New York: Columbia University Press.

Larsen, S., et al. (eds.). 1980. Who Were the Fascists? Social Roots of European Fascism. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

Ledeen M. 1977. The First Duce: D’Annunzio at Fiume. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

_____. 1989. “The evolution of Italian fascist anti-semitism.” In Marrus (ed.), The Nazi Holocaust, vol. 4.

Lee, S. 1987. The European Dictatorships, 1918–1945. London: Methuen.

Lewis, J. 1991. Fascism and the Working Class in Austria, 1918-34. Oxford: Berg. Liebe, W. 1956. Die Deutschnationale Volkspartei, 1918–1924. Dusseldorf: Droste. Lindstrom, U. 1985. Fascism in Scandinavia, 1920–1940. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell.

Linz, J. 1976. “Some notes toward a comparative study of fascism in sociological historical perspective.” In W. Laqueur (ed.), Fascisim: A Reader’s Guide. Berkeley: University of California Press.

_____. 1978. “From great hopes to civil war: The breakdown of democracy in Spain.” In Linz and A. Stepan (eds.), The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Europe. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

_____. 1980. “Political space and fascism as a late-comer.” In S. U. Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists? Bergen: Universitetsforlaget.

_____. 1998. “Fascism is dead. What legacy did it leave?” In Larsen and Hagtvet (eds.), Modern Europe after Fascism.

Lipset, S. M. 1963. Political Man. London: Heinemann.

Luebbert, G. 1991. Liberalism, Fascism or Social Democracy: Social Classes and the Political Origins of Regimes in Interwar Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.

Livezeanu, I. 1990. “Fascists and conservatives in Romania: Two generations of nationalists.” In M. Blinkhorn (ed.), Fascists and Conservatives. London: Unwin Hyman.

_____. 1995. Cultural Politics in Greater Romania. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Loewenberg, P. 1983. “The psychohistorical origins of the Nazi youth cohort.” In Loewenberg, Decoding the Past. New York: Knopf.

_____. 1985. “Otto Bauer as an ambivalent party leader.” In Rabinbach (ed.), The Austrian Social Experiment.

Lösche, P. 1992. Die SPD: Klassenpartei — Volkspartei — Quotenpartei. Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchges.

Lyttleton, A. 1982. “Fascism and violence in post-war Italy: Political strategy and social conflict.” In Mommsen and Hirschfeld (eds.), Social Protest, Violence and Terror.

_____. 1987. The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy, 1919–1929. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

_____. 1996. “The ‘crisis of bourgeois society’ and the origins of Fascism.” In Bessel (ed.), Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

Macarro Vera, J. M. 1989. “Social and economic policies of the Spanish left in theory and in practice.” In Alexander and Graham (eds.), French and Spanish Popular Fronts.

Madden, P. 1982a. “Generational aspects of National Socialism, 19191933.” Social Science Quarterly 63.

_____. 1982b. “Some social characteristics of early Nazi Party members, 1919-23.” Central European History 15.

Maddison, A. 1982. Phases of Capitalist Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Maier, C. 1975. Recasting Bourgeois Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Malefakis, E. 1970. Agrarian Reform and Peasant Revolution in Spain. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

Mallett, R. 2000. The Italian Navy and Fascist Expansionism, 1935–1940. London: Frank Cass.

Manjón, O. 1976. El partido republicano radical 1908–1936. Madrid: Tebas.

Mann, M. 1986. The Sources of Social Power, vol. 1: A History from the Beginning to 1760 AD. New York: Cambridge University Press.

_____. 1988. “The autonomous power of the state: Its origins, mechanisms and results.” In M. Mann (ed.), States, War and Capitalism. New York: Basil Blackwell.

_____. 1993. The Sources of Social Power, vol. 2: The Rise of Classes and NationStates, 1760–1914. New York: Cambridge University Press.

_____. 1995. “Sources of variation in working-class movements in twentiethcentury Europe.” New Left Review, no. 212.

_____. 1997. “The contradictions of continuous revolution.” In I. Kershaw and M. Lewin (eds.), Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorship in Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

_____. 2003. Incoherent Empire. London: Verso.

Manoilescu, M. 1937. Le Parti Unique, 2nd ed. Paris: Alcan.

_____. 1938. Le Siècle du corporatisme: Doctrine du corporatisme integral et pur, 2nd ed. Paris: Alcan.

Maravall, J. M. 1997. Regimes, Politics, and Markets: Democratization and Economic Change in Southern and Eastern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Marco, J. M. 1988. La inteligencia republicana: Manuel Azana 1897–1930. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva.

Marcuse, P. 1985. “The housing policy of social democracy: Determinants and consequences.” In Rabinbach (ed.), Austrian Socialist Experiment.

Marshall, B. 1988. “Politics in academe: Gottingen University and the growing impact of political issues, 1918-33.” European History Quarterly 18.

Martin, B. 1990. The Agony of Modernization: Labor and Industrialization in Spain.

Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Mason, T. 1972. “The primacy of politics — politics and economics in Nationalist Socialist Germany.” In H. A. Turner (ed.), Nazism and the Third Reich. New York: Quadrangle.

_____. 1993. Social Policy in the Third Reich. Oxford: Berg.

_____. 1995. Nazism, Fascism and the Working Class. ed. Jane Caplan. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mateos, Rodríguez. 1993. “Formatión y desarrollo de la derecha católica an la provincia de Zamora durante la Segunda República.” In J. Tusell et al. (eds.), Estudios sobre la derecho española contemporanea. Madrid: Unea.

Mayer, A. 1981. The Persistence of the Old Regime. London: CroomHelm.

Mayeur J.-M. 1980. Des partis catholiques a la democratie chretienne, XlXe-XXe siecles. Paris: Colin.

Meaker, G. 1988. “A civil war of words: The ideological impact of the First World War on Spain, 1914-18.” In H. Schmitt (ed.), Neutral Europe between War and Revolution, 1917-19. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Melograni, P. 1965. “Confindustria e fascismo tra il 1919 e il 1925.” Il Nuevo Osservatore 6 (Nov.): 834-73.

_____. 1972. Gli industriali e Mussolini: Rapporti fra Confindustria e fascismo del 1919 al 1929. Milan: Longanesi.

Mendelsohn, E. 1983. The Jews of East Central Europe between the World Wars.

Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.

Merkl, P. 1975. Political Violence under the Swastika. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

_____. 1980. The Making of a Stormtrooper. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Michaelis, M. 1995. “The current debate over fascist racial policy.” In Wistrich and Della Pergola (eds.), Fascist Antisemitism.

Miguel, A. de 1975. Sociologia del franquismo. Barcelona: Euros.

Milatz, A. 1965. Walher und Walhen in der Weimarer Republik. Bonn: Bundeszentrale fur Politische Bildung.

Mintz, J. 1982. The Anarchists of Casas Viejas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Mir, C. 1985. Lleida (1890–1936): Caciquisme polític i lluita electoral. Montserrat: l’Abadia de Montserrat.

Misefari, E., and A. Marzotti. 1980. L’Avvento del Fascismo in Calabria. Cosenza: Pellegrini.

Mitchell, B. 1993. International Historical Statistics: The Americas 1750–1993. New York: Grove.

_____. 1995. International Historical Statistics: Africa, Asia, and Oceania 17501993 New York: Grove.

_____. 1998. International Historical Statistics: Europe 1750–1993. New York: Grove.

Mócsy, I. 1983. The Effects of World War I. The Uprooted: Hungarian Refugees and Their Impact on Hungary’s Domestic Politics, 1918–1921. New York: Columbia University Press.

Molas, I. 1973. Lliga Catalana: Un estudi d’estasiologia, 2nd ed. Barcelona: Edicions 62.

Molony, J. 1977. The Emergence of Political Catholicism in Italy. London: CroomHelm.

Mommsen, H. 1991. “Hitler’s position in the Nazi system.” In Mommsen, From Weimar to Auschwitz. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Mommsen,W. 1990. “The varieties of the nation state in modern history: Liberal imperalist, fascist and contemporary notions of nation and nationality.” In M. Mann (ed.), The Rise and Decline of the Nation State. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.

Mommsen, W. J., and G. Hirschfield (eds.) 1982. Social Protest, Violence and Terror in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Montero, J. R. 1977 La CEDA: El catolicismo social y politico en la II republica, 2 vols. Madrid: Ediciones de la Revista de Trabajo.

_____. 1988. “Las derechas en el sistema de partidos del segundo bienio republicano: Algunos datos introductorios.” In Túñon de Lara (ed.), La IIrepública espanola.

Moore, B. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Morego, J. M. F. 1922. Los atendados sociales en Espana, las teorias, los hechos, estadisticas. Madrid: Casa Faure.

Moreno, A. M. 1961. Historía de la persecución en Espana. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos.

Moreno Fernandez, L. 1987. Accion popular murciana: La derecha confessional en Murcia durante la II república. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia.

Morodo, R. 1985. Los origines ideologicos del franquismo: Acción Espanola. Madrid: Alianza.

Morsey, R. 1977. Der Untergang des Politischen Katholicizismus. Stuttgart: Belser.

Mosse, G. 1964. The Crisis of German Ideology: The Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich. New York: H. Testig.

_____. 1966. “The genesis of fascism.” Journal of Contemporary History 1.

_____. 1970. Germans and Jews: The Right, the Left and the Search for a Third Force in Pre-Nazi Germany. New York: H. Testig.

_____. 1999. The Fascist Revolution. New York: Howard Fertig.

Muhlberger, D. (ed.). 1987. The Social Basis of European Fascist Movement. London: CroomHelm.

_____. 1991. Hitler’s Followers. London: Routledge.

Mussolini, B. 1976. The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism. New York: Gordon Press. Originally published 1932.

Myklebust, J. and B. Hagtvet. 1980. “Regional contrasts in the membership base of the Nosjonal Samlung.” In S. Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists? Social Roots of European Fascism. Oslo: Universitets Farlager.

Nagy-Talavera, N. 1970. The Green Shirts and the Others: A History of Fascism in Hungary and Romania. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institute Press.

Neebe, R. 1981. Grossindustrie, Staat und NSDAP 1930–1933. Gottingen: Vanenhoeck and Rupricht.

Newman, K. 1970. European Democracy between the Wars. London: George Allen & Unwin.

Niessen, J. 1995. “Romanian nationalism: An ideology of integration and mobilization.” In P. Sugar (ed.), Eastern European Nationalism in the Twentieth Century. Washington: American University Press.

Noakes, J. 1971. The Nazi Party in Lower Saxony, 1921–1933. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Noakes, J., and G. Pridham. 1974. Documents on Nazism, 1919–1945. London: Cape.

Nolte, E. 1965. Three Faces of Fascism. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

O’Sullivan, N. 1983. Fascism. London: Dent.

Oxaal, I., et al. (eds.). 1987. Jews, Antisemitism and Culture in Vienna. London: Routledge.

Ozsvath, Z. 1997. “Can words kill? Anti-semitic texts and their impact on the Hungarian Jewish catastrophe.” In Randolph. Braham and Attila Pok (eds.), The Holocaust in Hungary (New York: East European Managraphs, 1997).

Palomares Ibáanez, J. M. 1988. El socialismo en Castilla. Valladolid: Universidad.

Parkinson 1989. “Epilogue.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Parkinson F. (ed.). 1989. Conquering the Past: Austrian Nazism Yesterday and Today.

Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press.

Parming, T. 1975. The Collapse of Liberal Democracy and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Estonia. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.

Partido Republicano Radical. 1932. Asemblea nacional extraordinaria. Madrid: Imprenta Zolia Ascasibar.

Passchier, N. 1980. “The electoral geography of the Nazi landslide.” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

Passerini, L. 1987. Fascism in Popular Memory: The Cultural Experience of the Turin Working Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Patton, C. 1994. “The myth of moderation: German chemical employer responses to labour conflict, 1914-24.” European History Quarterly 24.

Pauley, B. 1980. “Nazis and Heimwehr Fascists: The struggle for supremacy in Austria, 1918–1938.” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

_____. 1981. Hitler and the Forgotten Nazis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

_____. 1987. “Political antisemitism in interwar Vienna.” In Oxaal et al. (eds.), Jews, Antisemitism and Culture.

_____. 1989. “The Austrian Nazi Party before 1938: Some recent revelations.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Paxton, R. 1994. “Radicals.” New York Review of Books, June 23.

_____. 1996. “The uses of fascism.” New York Review of Books, November 28.

_____. 1998. “The five stages of fascism.” Journal of Modern History 70.

Payne, S. 1962. Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism. London: Oxford University Press.

_____. 1970. The Spanish Revolution. New York: Norton.

_____. 1980a. Fascism: Comparison and Definition. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

_____. 1980b. “Social Composition and Regional Strength of the Spanish Falange.” In S. V. Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists? Social Roots of European Fascism. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget.

_____. 1993. Spain’s First Democracy: The Second Republic, 1931–1936. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

_____. 1995. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Peirats, J. 1971. La CNTen la revolution espanola, 2nd ed., 3 vols. Paris: Ediciones CNT.

Perez Diaz, V. 1991. Structure and Change of Castilian Peasant Communities. New York: Garland.

_____. 1993. The Return of Civil Society. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Petersen, J. 1975. “Elettorato e base sociale del fascismo Italiano negli anni venti.” Studi Storici, anno 16.

_____. 1982. “Violence in Italian fascism, 1919-25.” In Mommsen and Hirschfeld (eds.), Social Protest, Violence and Terror.

Peterson, L. 1983. “A social analysis of KPD supporters: The Hamburg insurrectionaries of October 1923.” International Review of Social History 28.

Peukert, D. 1989. Inside Nazi Germany: Conformity, Opposition, and Racism in Everyday Life. Trans. R. Deveson. London: Penguin.

Polonsky, A. 1975. The Little Dictators: The History of Eastern Europe since 1918. London: Routledge.

Prayer, M. 1991. “Italian fascist regime and nationalist India 1921–1945.” International Studies 28.

Preston, P. 1978. The Coming of the Spanish Civil War: Reform, Reaction and Revolution in the Second Republic. London: Routledge.

_____. 1986. Las derechas españolas en elsigloXX: Autoritismo fascismo y golpismo. Madrid: Sustema.

_____. 1990. The Politics of Revenge. London: Unwin Hyman.

_____. 1995. Franco: A Biography. London: Fontana.

Preston, P., ed. 1984. Revolution and War in Spain, 1931–1939. London: Methuen.

Preti, L. 1968. “Fascist imperialism and racism.” In R. Sarti (ed.), The Ax Within: Italian Fascism in Action. New York: New Viewpoints.

Preziosi, A. M. 1980. Borghesia e fascismo in Friuli negli anni 1920–1922. Roma: Bonacci.

Pridham, G. 1973. Hitler’s Rise to Power: The Nazi Movement in Bavaria, 1929-33.

London: Hart-Davies, McGibbon.

Poulantzas, N. 1974. Fascism and Dictatorship. London: New Left Books.

Pulzer, P. 1993. “The tradition of Austrian Antisemitism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.” Patterns of Prejudice 27.

Rabinbach, A. (ed.). 1985. The Austrian Socialist Experiment: Social Democracy and Austromarxism, 1918–1934. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

Ramírez Jiménez, M. 1969. Los grupos de presión en la segunda república espanola.

Madrid: Technos.

Ránki, G. 1971. “The Problem of Fascism in Hungary.” In Sugar (ed.), Native Fascism.

_____. 1980. “The fascist vote in Budapest in 1939.” In Larsen et al., (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

Rath. J, and C. Schum. 1980. “The Dollfuss-Schusnigg Regime: Fascist or Authoritarian?” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

Reichardt, S. 2002. Faschistische Kampjbünde. Köln: Böhlau Verlag.

Renton, D. 2000. Fascism: Theory and Practice. London: Pluto.

Revelli, M. 1987. “Italy.” In D. Mühlberger (ed.), The Social Basis ofEuropean Fascist Movements. London: CroomHelm.

Rial, J. 1986. Revolution from Above: The Primo de Rivera Dictatorship in Spain, 1923–1930. Fairfax, Va.: George Mason University Press.

Riley, D. 2002. “Hegemony and domination: civil society and regime variation in inter-war Europe.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles.

Roberts, D. 1980. “Petty bourgeois Fascism in Italy: Form and content.” In Larsen et al. (eds.), Who Were the Fascists?

Robinson, R. 1970. The Origins of Franco’s Spain: The Right, the Republic and Revolution, 1931–1936. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.

Rogowski, R. 1977. “The Gauleiter and the social origins of Fascism.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 19.

Rokkan, S. 1970. Citizens, Elections, Parties: Approaches to the Comparative Study of the Process of Development. Oslo: Scandinavian University Books.

Ronnas, P. 1984. Urbanization in Romania. Stockholm: Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics.

Rosenhaft, E. 1982. “The KPD in the Weimar Republic and the problem of terror during the ‘Third Period,’ 1929-33.” In Mommsen and Hirschfeld (eds.), Social Protest, Violence and Terror.

_____. 1983. Beating the Fascists? The German Communists and Political Violence 1929-33. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

_____. 1987. “The unemployed in the neighbourhood: Social dislocation and political mobilisation in Germany 1929–1933.” In R. Evans and D. Geary (eds.), The German Unemployed: Experiences and Consequences of Mass Unemployment from the Weimar Republic to the Third Reich. London: CroomHelm.

Rothschild, J. 1974. East Central Europe between the Two World Wars. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Roy, O. 1994. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Rueschemeyer, D., E. Stephens, and J. Stephens 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ságvári, A. 1997. “Did they do it under orders?” In R. Braham and A Pók (eds.), The Holocaust in Hungary: Fifty Years Later. New York: Columbia University Press.

Sakmyster, T. 1994. Hungary’s Admiral on Horseback: Miklos Horthy 1918–1944. Boulder, Colo.: Colombia University Press.

Saladino, S. 1966. “Italy.” In H. Rogger and E.Weber (eds.), The European Right: A Historical Profile. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Salvatorelli, L. 1923. Nazional-fascismo. Turin: Gobetti.

Salvemini, G. 1973. The Origins of Fascism in Italy. New York: Harper & Row.

Santacreu Soler, J. M., et al. 1986. “El anarchosindicalismo Alicantino durante la Segunda Republica.” In Instituto de Estudios Juan Gil-Albert (ed.), El anarquismo en Alicante (1868–1945). Alicante: Diputacion Provincial.

Sarti, R. 1971. Fascism and the Industrial Leadership in Italy, 1919–1940. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

_____. 1990. “Italian fascism: Radical politics and conservative goals.” in M. Blinkhorn (ed.), Fascists and Conservatives. London: Unwin Hyman.

Schleunes, K. 1990. The Twisted Road to Auschwitz: Nazi Policy toward German Jews, 1933–1939, 2nd ed. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press.

Schmidt-Hartmann, E. 1988. “People’s democracy: The emergence of a Czech political concept in the late ninetheenth century.” In S. J. Kirschbaum (ed.), East European History. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica.

Schmitt, H. (ed.). 1988. Neutral Europe between War and Revolution, 1917–1923.

Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Schmitter, P. 1974. “Still the century of corporatism?” Review of Politics.

Schneider, W. 1978. Die Deutsche Demokratische Partei in der Weimarer Republik 1924–1930. Munich: Wilhelm Fink.

Schorske, C. 1981. Fin-de-Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture. New York: Vintage.

Schwartz, R. 1989. “Nazi wooing of Austrian Social Democracy between Anschluss and war.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Seco, C. 1971. “Introduction” to Gil Robles, Discursos parlamentarios. Madrid: Taurus.

Segré, C. 1987. Italo Balbo: A Fascist Life. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Sereny, G. 1995. Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth. London: Macmillan.

Seton-Watson, C. 1967. Italy from Liberalism to Fascism. London: Methuen.

Seton-Watson, H. 1967. Eastern Europe between the Wars, 1918–1941. New York: Harper.

Shapiro, P. 1974. “Prelude to dictatorship in Romania: The National Christian Party in power, December 1937-February 1938.” Canadian-American Slavic Studies 8.

Shubert, A. 1987. The Road to Revolution in Spain. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Siegfried, K. J. 1979. Klerikalfaschismus: Zur Entstehung und Sozialen Funktion des Dollfussregimes in Österreich. Frankfurt: Lang.

Silverman, D. 1988. “National Socialist Economics: The Wirtschaftswunder Reconsidered.” In B. Eichengreen and T. Hatton (eds.), Interwar Unemployment in International Perspective. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Silvestri, C. 1969. “Storia del fascismo di Trieste dalle origini alla conquista del potere (1919–1922).” In Fascismo, guerra, resistenza, lottepolitiche esociali nel Fruili-Venezia Guilia 1918–1943. Udine: Del Bianco.

Sima, H. 1967. Histoire du mouvement légionnaire. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Dacia.

Snowden, F. 1972. “On the social origins of agrarian fascism in Italy.” European Journal of Sociology 13.

_____. 1989. The Fascist Revolution in Tuscany, 1919–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Soucy, R. 1991. “French fascism and the Croix de Feu: A dissenting interpretation.” Journal of Contemporary History 26, no. 1: 159-88.

Southern, D. 1982. “Anti-democratic terror in the Weimar Republic: The Black Reichswehr and the Feme-murders.” In Mommsen and Hirschfeld (eds.), Social Protest, Violence and Terror.

Speier, H. 1986. German White-Collar Workers and the Rise of Hitler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

Stachura, P. 1975. Nazi Youth in the Weimar Republic. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio Books.

_____. 1983a. “German youth, the youth movement and national socialism in theWeimar Republic.” In Stachura (ed.), The Nazi Machtergreifung.

_____. 1983b. “The Nazis, the bourgeoisie and the workers during the Kampfzeit.” In Stachura (ed.), The Nazi Machtergreifung.

_____. 1993. “National Socialism and the German proletariat, 1925–1935: Old myths and new perspectives.” Historical Journal 36.

Stachura P. (ed.) 1993c. The Nazi Machtergreifung. London: Allen & Unwin.

_____. (ed.). 1986. Unemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany. London: Macmillan.

Stadler, K. 1981. “Austria.” In S. Woolf (ed.), European Fascism, 2nd ed. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Steinberg, J. 1986. “Fascism in the Italian South: The case of Calabria.” In Forgacs (ed.), Rethinking Italian Fascism.

Steinhoff, J., et al. 1989. Voices from the Third Reich: An Oral History. New York: De Capo.

Stephan, W 1973. Aufstieg und Verfall des Linksliberalismus 1918–1933. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Stephens, J. D. 1989. “Democratic transition and breakdown in Western Europe, 1870–1939: A test of the Moore thesis.” American Journal of Sociology 94.

Sternhell, Z. 1976. “Fascist ideology.” In Laqueur (ed.), Fascism: A Reader’s Guide.

_____. 1986. Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

_____. 1994. The Birth of Fascist Ideology. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Stühlpfarrer, K. 1989. “Nazism, the Austrians and the military.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Sturdza, P. 1968. The Suicide of Europe: Memoirs of Prince Michel Sturdza, Former Foreign Minister of Rumania. Belmont, Mass.: Western Islands.

Suarez Cortina, M. 1981. Elfascismo en Asturias (1931–1937). Madrid: Biblioteca Julia Somoza.

Suero Roca, T. 1975. Los generales de Franco. Barcelona: Bruguera.

_____. 1981. Militares republicanos de la guerra de Espana. Barcelona: Peninsula.

Sugar, P. 1971a. “Conclusion.” In Sugar (ed.), Native Fascism.

Sugar, P. (ed.). 1971b. Native Fascism in the Successor States, 1918–1945. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio Press.

Sühl, K. 1988. SPD und öffentlicherDienst in der Weimarer Republik. Opladen: Westdeutscher.

Sully, M. 1989. “The Waldheim connection.” In Parkinson (ed.), Conquering the Past.

Suzzi, Valli R. 2000. “The myth of squadrismo in the fascist regime.” Journal of Contemporary History 35.

Sylos Labini, P. 1978. “Sviluppo economico e classi sociali.” In M. Paci (ed.), Capitalismo e classi sociali in Italia. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Szelenyi, B. 1998. “German Burghers in Sixteenth-Nineteenth Century Hungary.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.

Sznajder, M. 1995. “The fascist regime, anti-semitism and the racial laws in Italy.” In Wistrich and Della Pergola (eds.), Fascist Antisemitism.

Szöllösi-Janze, M. 1989. Die Pfeilkreuzlerbewegung in Ungarn. Munich: Oldenbourg.

Szymanski, A. 1973. “Fascism, industrialism and socialism: The case of Italy.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 15.

Taggart, P. 1995. “New populist parties in western Europe.” West European Politics 18.

Tapia, A. R. 1990. “La justificacion ideologica del ‘Alzamiento.’” In Tapia, Violencia y terror: Estudios sobre la guerra civil espanola. Torrejon de Ardoz: Akal.

Tasca, A. 1976. The Rise of Italian Fascism, 1919–1922. New York: Gordon Press. Originally published 1938. This edition, a reprint, was published under the pseudonym A. Rossi.

Therborn, G. 1977. “The rule of capital and the rise of democracy.” New Left Review, no. 103.

Theweleit, K. 1987, 1989. Male Fantasies, 2 vols. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Thomas, H. 1977. The Spanish Civil War. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.

Tilly, C. 1975. The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.

_____. 1990. Coercion, Capital and European States. Oxford: Blackwell.

Townson, N. 1988. “Algunas consideraciones sobre el proyecto ‘republicano’ del Partido Radical.” In Túnon de Lara (ed.), La II república española.

Treptow, K., et al. 1996. A History of Romania. New York: Columbia University Press.

Túñon de Lara, M. 1972. El movimiento obrero en la historia de Espana. Madrid: Taurus.

_____. 1978. Luchas obreras y campesinas del siglo XX: Jaén (1917–1920), Sevilla (1930–1932). Madrid: Siglo XXI.

_____. 1985. Tres claves de la segunda república. Madrid: Alianza.

Túñon de Lara, M. (ed.). 1988. La II república espanola: Bienio rectificador y frente popular, 1934–1936. Madrid: Siglo XXI.

Turner, H. A. 1985. German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler. New York: Oxford University Press.

Turner, H. A. (ed.). 1984. Hitler — Memoir of a Confidant. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

Tusell Gómez, J. 1970. La segunda república en Madrid: Eleccionesy partidos politicos. Madrid: Technos.

_____. 1971. Las elecciones del frente popular en Espana. Madrid.

Cuadernos para el Dialogo.

_____. 1974. Historia de la democracia cristiana en Espana. Madrid.

_____. 1976. Oligarquía caciquismo en Andalucia (1890–1923). Barcelona: Editorial Planeta.

Tusell Gómez, J., et al. 1993. Estudios sobre la derechas espanola contemporanea. Madrid: UNED.

Vago, R. 1987. “Eastern Europe.” In D. Muhlberger, (ed.), The Social Basis of European Fascist Movements. London: CroomHelm.

Vago, R. (ed.) 1975. The Shadow of the Swastika. London: Saxon House.

Varela, Díaz, S. 1978. Partidos yparlamento en la II república espanola. Madrid: Fundacion Juan March.

Vega, E. 1987. Anarquistas y sindicalistas 1931–1936. Valencia: Edicions Alfons el Magnánim.

Veiga, F. 1989. La Mistica del Ultranacionalismo. Barcelona: Universitat Autonomia de Barcelona.

Verdery, K. 1983. Transylvanian Villagers: Three Centuries of Political, Economic and Ethnic Change. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Vilanova, M. 1986. Atlas electoral de Catalunya durant la segona república. Barcelona: Magrana.

Vincent, M. 1989. “The Spanish church and the Popular Front: The experience of Salamanca province.” In Alexander and Graham (eds.), French and Spanish Popular Fronts.

Volovici, L. 1991. Nationalist Ideology and Anti-Semitism: The Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s. Oxford: Pergamon.

Watts, L. 1993. Romanian Cassandra: Ion Antonescu and the Struggle for Reform, 1916–1941. New York: Columbia University Press.

Weber, E. 1964. Varieties of Fascism. Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand.

_____. 1966a. “The Men of the Archangel.” Journal of Contemporary History 1.

_____. 1966b. “Romania.” In H. Rogger and E Weber (eds.), The European Right: A Historical Profile. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.

_____. 1976. “Revolution? Counterrevolution? What revolution?” In W. Laqueur (ed.), Fascism: A Reader’s Guide.

Weber, H. 1969. Die Wandlung der deutschen Kommunismus, 2 vols. Frankfurt: Europaische Verlagsanstalt.

Webster, A. 1986. “The Romanian Legionary Movement.” Carl Beck Papers, Center for Russian and East European Sudies, University of Pittsburgh, no. 502.

Wegner, B. 1990. The Waffen-SS. Oxford: Blackwell.

Weinberg, L. 1998. “The MSI and the fascist heritage in Italy: The persistence of a neofascist party in the post fascist context.” In Larsen and Hagtvet (eds.), Modern Europe after Fascism.

Weiss, L. 1988. Creating Capitalism. Oxford: Blackwell.

Weisbrod, B. 1996. “The crisis of bourgeois society in interwar Germany.” In R. Bessel (ed.), Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: Comparisons and Contrasts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wessely, A. 1991. “From the labour movement to the Fascist Government: The End of the Road by Lajos Kassák.” In S. Larsen et al. (eds.), Fascism and European Literature. Bern: Peter Lang.

Whiteside, A. 1966. “Austria.” In H. Rogger and E. Weber (eds.), The European Right: A Historical Profile. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Wickham, J. 1983. “Working-class movement and working-class life: Frankfurt am Main during the Weimar Republic.” Social History 8.

Wieviorka, M. 1994. Racisme et xénophobie en europe: Une comparaison internationale. Paris: La Dévouverte.

Willems, H. 1995. “Right-wing extremism, race or youth violence? Explaining violence against foreigners in Germany.” New Community 21:501-23.

Willson, P. 1996. “Women in Fascist Italy.” In Bessel (ed.), Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

Wiltschegg, W. 1985. Die Heimwehr. Munich: Oldenbourg.

Wimmer, A. 1997. “Explaining racism and xenophobia: A critical review of current research approaches.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 20:17–41.

Winston, C. 1985. Workers and the Right in Spain, 1900–1936. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Wistrich, R., and S. Della Pergola (eds.). 1995. Fascist Antisemitism and the Italian Jews. Jerusalem: Vidal Sassoon International Center.

Wohl, R. 1979. The Generation of 1914. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Yavetz, Z. 1991. “An eyewitness note: Reflections on the Rumanian Iron Guard.” Journal of Contemporary History 26.

Zach, K., and C. Zach. 1998. “Romanian fascism and communist take-over.” In S. U. Larsen and B. Hagtvet (eds.), Modern Europe after Fascism 1943-1980s. New York: Columbia University Press.

Zamagni, V. 1979–80. “Distribuzione del reddito e classi sociali nell’Italia fra le due guerre.” Annali della Fondazione Giagiacomo Feltrinelli 20.

Ziegler, H. 1989. Nazi Germany’s New Aristocracy. The SS Leadership, 1925-39.

Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Zofka, Z. 1986. “Between Bauernbund and National Socialism: The political orientation of the peasants in the final phase of the Weimar Republic.” In Childers (ed.), The Formation of the Nazi Constituency.

Zuccotti, S. 1987. The Italians and the Holocaust. New York: Basic Books.