Дух сп’яніння. Алкоголь: Історія звичаїв уживання алкогольних напоїв

Посилання

1 Walker 1977, 124.

2 Weyerer et al. 2011.

3 Johnson 1989, 77.

4 Brillat-Savarin 1988, 121—122.

5 Mt, 130.

6 Siegel 1989, 118.

7 Mt, 210.

8 Sherrat 1995, 34.

9 Bruun 1972, 95.

10 Douglas 1988, 3—4.

11 Lehessaari 1996, 84—89.

12 Kiianmaa & Korpi 1991, 50.

13 Douglas 1988, 3—4.

14 Allardt & Littunen 1973, 31.

15 Gefou-Madianou 1992, 4; Lewis 1996, 324.

16 Nestorin kronikka 58—59.

17 Thomson 1993, 154.

18 Pliny 1991, 192.

19 Talvi 1989, 113—114.

20 Siegel 1989, 256—272.

21 Meri 1995, 42.

22 Bremmer 1990, 140.

23 Pellizer 1990, 180—182.

24 Bahtin 1995, 150.

25 Visser 1991, 42.

26 McDonald 1994, 14.

27 Ilm. 17:2.

28 Platon 1986, 637c.

29 Leakey 1981, 92—95

30 Visser 1991, 2.

31 Christie & Bruun 1986, 42—43.

32 I korinttolaiskirje 5:11.

33 Raymond 1927, 100, 138.

34 Sournia 1990, 13.

35 Sherrat 1995, 22—23.

36 Johnson 1989, 100—101.

37 Pontén 1967, 85.

38 Olaus Magnus 1973, 120.

39 McDonald 1994, 103.

40 Sournia 1990, 109.

41 Snyder 1988, 75.

42 Lewis 1993, 105.

43 Johnson 1989, 185.

44 Ngokwey 1988, 113—114.

45 Bengtsson 1998, 53.

46 Talvi 1989, 142.

47 Pliny 1991, 193.

48 McDonald 1994, 15.

49 Regan 1991, 156.

50 Walton & Glover 1988, 415.

51 McDonald 1994, 136.

52 Driessen 1992, 74.

53 Papagaroufali 1992, 48—49.

54 Salonen 1970, 33.

55 Johnson 1989, 125.

56 Pontén 1967, 165.

57 Strömberg & Syvänen 1990, 93.

58 Snyder 1988, 33.

59 Regan 1991, 55—56; Strömberg & Syvänen 1990, 61.

60 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 57, 65—68.

61 Smith, W. 1995, 150—151.

62 Westermann 1997, 164.

63 Townsend 1997, 210—211.

64 Corbin 1990, 633—635.

65 Peltonen 1977, 35.

66 Heino 1969, 33—34.

67 Peltonen 1997, 42.

68 Mt, 43.

69 Heino 1969, 33—34, 124.

70 Peltonen 1997, 43.

71 Heino 1969, 34—35.

72 Jackson 1990, 51.

73 Pontén 1967,134.

74 Pulla 1973, 10.

75 Smith, G. 1995, 7.

76 Brasch 1990, 97.

77 Walton & Glover 1998, 6.

78 Harva 1945, 42.

79 Smith, G. 1995, 7.

80 Gilgamesh 1980, 65.

81 Salonen 1973, 32.

82 Lohberg 1998, 55.

83 Salonen 1970, 12.

84 Hammurabin lait 1951, 108.

85 Salonen 1973,18.

86 Lohberg 1998, 57.

87 Mt.

88 Mt, 59.

89 Mt, 60.

90 Thomson 1993, 74.

91 Montet 1982, 134—135.

92 Salonen 1982, 103, 129.

93 Salonen 1973, 103.

94 Lohberg 1998, 60.

95 Suuronen 1969, 174.

96 Smith, W. 1995, 15.

97 Paavalin ensimmäinen kirje Timoteukselle 5:13.

98 Sournia 1990, 15.

99 Visser 1991, 119; Walton & Glover 1998, 496.

100 Olaus Magnus 1973, 112.

101 Mt, 114.

102 Mäntylä 1998, 43.

103 Smith, G. 1995, 30—31.

104 Pulla 1964, 20, 251 ; Heino 1969, 64.

105 Smith, G. 1995, 11; Monckton 1966, 39; Lohberg 1998, 150.

106 Christie & Bruun 1986, 44.

107 Mäntylä 1985, 198.

108 Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 16; Walton &Glover 1998, 8.

109 Talvi 1989, 42—43; Holmyard 1990, 54.

110 Snyder 1988, 31—32.

111 Holmyard 1990, 121—122; Nataf 1996, 189.

112 Hudson 1995, 51.

113 Holmyard 1990, 121—122.

114 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 15.

115 Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 16.

116 Biedermann 1993, 16.

117 Nataf 1996, 189.

118 Strandén 1993, 46—47.

119 Pontén 1967, 111—112.

120 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 22; Heino 1969, 24.

121 Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 16.

122 Holmyard 1990, 160.

123 Hudson 1995, 54.

124 Holmyard 1990, 167.

125 Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 73.

126 Walton & Glover 1998, 444.

127 Mt, 433; Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 22.

128 Walton & Glover 1998, 480; Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 69.

129 Mäntylä 1985, 112.

130 Walton & Glover 1998, 481; Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 74.

131 Sournia 1990, 110.

132 Snyder 1988, 52.

133 Tiede 2000, 3/98.

134 Johnson 1989, 12.

135 Jellinek 1977, 854; Salonen 1970, 45; Westermann 1997, 163.

136 Bahtin 1995, 255.

137 Kalevala XII, 68—72.

138 Snyder 1988, 31—32.

139 Pontén 1967, 167.

140 De Montaigne 1988, 126.

141 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 24.

142 Regan 1991, 55—56, 94.

143 Kaukinen, Nylund & Siikala 1991, 53.

144 Meri 1995, 156, 257.

145 Brasch 1990, 97.

146 Suuronen 1969, 9.

147 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 155; Girard 1979, 94.

148 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 158—160; Sarmela 1991, 218.

149 Sarmela 1991, 220.

150 Mt, 218.

151 Eliade 1982, 139.

152 Thomson 1993, 170; Suuronen 1969, 120.

153 Falk 1980, 6—7.

154 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 155—156; Suuronen 1969, 133—134.

155 Haavio 1959, 138—139; Pontén 1967, 99.

156 Visser 1991, 35, 255.

157 Heino 1969, 26; Regan 1991, 175; Mäntylä 1998, 46.

158 Sherrat 1995, 18; Nirkko 1997, 11.

159 Luukas 22:20.

160 Salonen 1970, 126—127.

161 Viides Mooseksen kirja 16:15.

162 Vilkuna 1989, 303.

163 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 98.

164 Niiranen 1986, 179.

165 Montet 1982, 69—70.

166 Johnson 1989, 50; Furuhagen 1985, 154.

167 Bianquis-Gasser 1992, 104—106.

168 Mt, 145—146.

169 Furuhagen 1985, 153—154.

170 Guirand & Pierre 1996, 199.

171 Salonen 1967, 102.

172 McDonald 1994, 136—137.

173 McDonald 1994, 109.

174 Snyder 1988, 57.

175 Bremmer 1997, 13.

176 Bahtin 1995, 11—12.

177 Mt, 68.

178 Alho 1988, 73—75.

179 Vilkuna 1985, 320—321.

180 Suuronen 1969, 83.

181 James 1929, 379—387.

182 Suuronen 1969, 90; Bradley 1975, 153—154; Snyder 1988, 88.

183 Brasch 1990, 98.

184 Saarnaaja 9:7—9.

185 Alho 1988, 215.

186 Guirand 1996b, 54; Salonen 1970, 12.

187 Brasch 1990, 97; Smith, G. 1995, 9.

188 Bengtsson 1988, 7.

189 Seltman 1957, 54.

190 Henrikson, Törngren & Hansson 1983, 90.

191 Guirand 1996a, 161.

192 Platon 1979, 215d.

193 Seltman 1957, 106—107.

194 Johnson 1989, 49—50; Lissarrague 1994, 224; Seltman 1957, 108.

195 Veyne 1987, 193.

196 Pontén 1967, 28; Johnson 1989, 56.

197 Pontén 1967, 28.

198 Juvenal 1969, 109.

199 Henrikson, Törngren & Hansson 1983, 310.

200 Guirand & Pierre 1996, 205; Jellinek 1976, 854.

201 Lohberg 1998, 66.

202 Mt.

203 Harva 1945, 44.

204 Spode 1993, 20—21.

205 Walton & Glover 1988, 253.

206 Ensimmäinen korinttolaiskirje 6:10; Paavalin kirje galatalaisille 5:19—21.

207 Heino 1969, 32, 58; Peltonen 1997, 20.

208 Haavio 1959, 138—139.

209 Smith, G. 1995, 18.

210 Siegel 1989, 110.

211 Kurjensaari 1975, 293; Lewis 1996, 280.

212 Furuhagen 1985, 153; Ward, Clifton & Stacey 1997, 136.

213 Biedermann 1993, 412.

214 Flacelière 1997, 208—210.

215 Carter 1996, 76.

216 Jesaja 28. luku.

217 Helsingin Sanomat 13.2.1998.

218 Seltman 1957, 102.

219 Health Department of Western Australia 1996.

220 Rabelais 1947, 16—17.

221 Brennan 1988, 203.

222 Bahtin 1995, 105—106.

223 Johnson 1988, 90.

224 Platon 1979, 244b—245a, 238d.

225 Platon 1986, 653d—654a.

226 Johnson 1989, 48—49; Seltman 1957, 149.

227 Johnson 1989, 51; Bengtsson 1985, 15; Seltman 1957, 149.

228 Flacelière 1997, 197; Seltman 1957, 149.

229 Guirand 1996a, 157.

230 Jellinek 1976, 1731.

231 Mäntylä 1998, 10; Suuronen 1969, 8.

232 Tynni 1982, 15; Henrikson, Törngren & Hansson 1983, 68.

233 Pontén 1967, 63.

234 Zetterman 1984, 70.

235 Pontén 1967, 275.

236 Heino 1969, 55.

237 Bahtin 1995, 82.

238 Spode 1993, 21.

239 Heino 1969, 43.

240 Pontén 1967, 232.

241 Van Gennep 1960, 189—190.

242 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 101.

243 Bengtsson 1998, 45—47.

244 Gusfield 1988, 80—82.

245 Mt, 82.

246 Mt, 63, 70.

247 Jellinek 1977,861.

248 Suuronen 1969, 114—115.

249 Mäntylä 1988, 57.

250 Pulla 1973, 17; Mäntylä 1998, 58.

251 Mt, 139.

252 McDonald 1994, 108.

253 McDonald 1994, 108.

254 Joh. 2:1—11.

255 Kalevalan XXIII luku.

256 Julin 1998, 31, 43, 94.

257 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 133, 163.

258 Mt, 171.

259 Mt, 175.

260 Mt, 99.

261 Mäntylä 1988, 46.

262 Brennan 1988, 222—223.

263 Mt, 220.

264 Mt, 221.

265 Falk 1980, 10.

266 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 135.

267 MacDonald 1994, 136.

268 Falk 1983b, 50—51.

269 Walton & Glover 1988, 394.

270 Lewis 1996, 173.

271 Carcopino 1997, 313.

272 Plinius Nuorempi 1974, 31.

273 Carcopino 1977, 314.

274 Visser 1991, 97, 110—111.

275 Peltonen 1988, 42.

276 Visser 1991, 110—111.

277 Mt, 292.

278 Mt, 31.

279 Mt, 263.

280 Mt, 87—88.

281 Lewis 1993, 136.

282 Visser 1991,91.

283 Mt.

284 Rouche 1987, 444.

285 Mt, 442.

286 Visser 1991, 97.

287 Falk 1980, 16.

288 Spode 1993, 42.

289 Mt.

290 Walker 1977, 74.

291 Visser 1991, 4.

292 Egill 1994, 111.

293 Tacitus 1988, 22.

294 Mt.

295 Rouche 1987, 432.

296 Mt, 432.

297 Pontén 1967, 72.

298 Jellinek 1977, 860.

299 Roesdahl 1993, 58.

300 Foote & Wilson 1973, 166, 402.

301 Suuronen 1969, 123.

302 Walton & Glover 1998, 263.

303 Lewis 1996, 162, 294.

304 Siegel 1989, 256.

305 Mt, 256—257.

306 Brennan 1988, 219—220.

307 Walton & Glover 1998, 476.

308 Mäntylä 1985, 151.

309 Lewis 1996, 264.

310 Visser 1991, 282.

311 Falk 1980, 10.

312 Egill 1994, 196.

313 Schvivelbusch 1986, 177—178.

314 Pontén 1967, 98.

315 Troyat 1983, 149.

316 Snyder 1988, 38.

317 Jellinek 1977, 860.

318 Falk 1980, 9.

319 Mäntylä 1969, 184.

320 Mäntylä 1998, 48.

321 Heino 1969, 43.

322 Odysseia IX luku.

323 Visser 1991, 89.

324 Strandén 1993, 106.

325 Driessen 1992, 74.

326 Pellizer 1990, 178.

327 Bremmer 1997, 13.

328 Talvi 1989, 62.

329 Ksenofon 1960, 170—189.

330 Platon 1979.

331 Veyne 1987, 187—189.

332 Carcopino 1997, 313.

333 Mars & Altman 1988, 217—274.

334 Johnson 1989, 15.

335 Bremmer 1997, 13.

336 Ksenofon 1960, 164—165.

337 Visser 1991, 105.

338 Erasmus 1996, 30.

339 Strömberg & Syvänen 1990, 54.

340 The Book of the Death 1984, 67.

341 Bradley 1975, 124—125.

342 Kondo 1992,13.

343 Veyne 1987, 183; Bahtin 1995, 131.

344 Lissarrague 1990, 202.

345 Armour 1989, 114.

346 Siegel 1989, 104.

347 Biedermann 1993, 413.

348 Mäntylä 1985, 40.

349 Snyder 1988, 30; Johnson 1989, 111.

350 Monckton 1966, 28—29.

351 Lohberg 1998, 84, Pulla 1964, 12.

352 Talvi 1989, 143.

353 Pulla 1964, 83.

354 Troyat 1983, 45.

355 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 23, 28.

356 Heino 1969, 22.

357 Pontén 1967, 130—131.

358 Mt.

359 Mt, Sherrat 1995, 42.

360 Pulla 1973, 13.

361 Snyder 1988, 25; Sournia 1990, 7—11.

362 Sournia 1990, 110.

363 McDonald 1994, 105.

364 Pontén 1967, 78—79.

365 Sournia 1990, 8.

366 Plutarkhos 1989, 420.

367 Guppy 1992, 43; Pulla 1964, 90.

368 Tiede 2000, 3/98.

369 Sournia 1990, 10; Johnson 1989, 56. Plutarkhos 1989, 10.

370 Plutarkhos 1989, 9—10.

371 Suetonius 1960, 172.

372 Pulla 1964, 10.

373 Pliny 1991, 193.

374 Pulla 1964, 11; Suetonius 1960, 118.

375 Suetonius 1960, 276.

376 Carcopino 1997, 315.

377 Visser 1991, 337; Snyder 1988, 28.

378 Pliny 1991, 193.

379 Snyder 1988, 28.

380 Suetonius 1960, 380.

381 Carcopino 1997, 314.

382 Johnson & Turner 1994, 68; Sournia 1990, 11.

383 Strömberg & Syvänen 1990, 93; Pulla 1964, 20.

384 Johnson & Turner 1994, 183; Troyat 1983, 32, 105.

385 Troyat 1983, 84.

386 Guppy 1992, 139; Alho 1988, 142—143.

387 Englund 1996, 110—111.

388 Mt, 154.

389 Mäntylä 1998, 55.

390 Mt, 56.

391 Suuronen 1969, 127.

392 Pontén 1967, 205.

393 Pontén 1967, 231; Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 33.

394 Mäntylä 1998, 58.

395 Snyder 1988, 54.

396 Ylikahri 1989, 56—57.

397 Pontén 1967, 167.

398 Mt, 281—282.

399 Strandén 1993, 103.

400 Salonen 1970, 33.

401 Pliny 1991, 193.

402 Heino 1969.

403 Haavio 1942, 95.

404 Mt, 96, 147.

405 Mt, 255.

406 Mt, 74.

407 Lehessaari 1996, 88.

408 Mockton 1966, 30.

409 Pontén 1967, 93.

410 Mt, 99.

411 Mt.

412 Sournia 1990, 13.

413 Brennan 1988, 198—199.

414 Snyder 1988, 64—65.

415 Mockton 1966, 132.

416 Mäntylä 1985, 62.

417 Pontén 1967, 281—282.

418 Raymond 1927, 46—47.

419 Strandén 1993, 41; Suuronen 1969, 143.

420 Lissarrague 1992, 216.

421 Johnson 1989, 46.

422 Pöysä, Rannikko & Rannikko 1982, 103.

423 Pontén 1967, 136.

424 Hammurabin lait 1951, 84.

425 Bengttson 1998, 64—65.

426 Platon 1986, 649b.

427 Aristotle 1961, 75.

428 Lohberg 1998, 62.

429 Raymond 1927, 34.

430 Biedermann 1993, 330—331.

431 Erasmus 1961, 175.

432 Visser 1991, 329.

433 Raymond 1927, 38.

434 Mt, 110.

435 Pliny 1991, 191—192.

436 Seltman 1957, 142.

437 Purcell 1994, 205.

438 Ovidius 1988, 27.

439 Brennan 1988, 216.

440 Sananlaskut 20:1.

441 Hoosea 4.

442 Efesol. 5:18.

443 Raymond 1927, 125.

444 Bengttson 1998, 73.

445 Strandén 1993, 90, 107.

446 Platon 1986, 671a.

447 Mt, 640a—642a.

448 Mt, 671a—672a.

449 Veyne 1987, 183.

450 Platon 1986, 672d.

451 Mt, 666a.

452 Bahtin 1995, 69.

453 Sherrat 1995, 18; Johnson 1989, 77; Bengtsson 1998, 48.