Rust by Example

A way to write simple code while preserving the original errors is to Box them. The drawback is that the underlying error type is only known at runtime and not statically determined.

The stdlib helps in boxing our errors by having Box implement conversion from any type that implements the Error trait into the trait object Box, via From.

use std::error;

use std::fmt;

// Change the alias to `Box`.

type Result = std::result::Result>;

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]

struct EmptyVec;

impl fmt::Display for EmptyVec {

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {

write!(f, "invalid first item to double")

}

}

impl error::Error for EmptyVec {}

fn double_first(vec: Vec<&str>) -> Result {

vec.first()

.ok_or_else(|| EmptyVec.into()) // Converts to Box

.and_then(|s| {

s.parse::()

.map_err(|e| e.into()) // Converts to Box

.map(|i| 2 * i)

})

}

fn print(result: Result) {

match result {

Ok(n) => println!("The first doubled is {}", n),

Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e),

}

}

fn main() {

let numbers = vec!["42", "93", "18"];

let empty = vec![];

let strings = vec!["tofu", "93", "18"];

print(double_first(numbers));

print(double_first(empty));

print(double_first(strings));

}

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