The std::fs module contains several functions that deal with the filesystem.
use std::fs;
use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
use std::io;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::os::unix;
use std::path::Path;
// A simple implementation of `% cat path`
fn cat(path: &Path) -> io::Result {
let mut f = File::open(path)?;
let mut s = String::new();
match f.read_to_string(&mut s) {
Ok(_) => Ok(s),
Err(e) => Err(e),
}
}
// A simple implementation of `% echo s > path`
fn echo(s: &str, path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
let mut f = File::create(path)?;
f.write_all(s.as_bytes())
}
// A simple implementation of `% touch path` (ignores existing files)
fn touch(path: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
match OpenOptions::new().create(true).write(true).open(path) {
Ok(_) => Ok(()),
Err(e) => Err(e),
}
}
fn main() {
println!("`mkdir a`");
// Create a directory, returns `io::Result<()>`
match fs::create_dir("a") {
Err(why) => println!("! {:?}", why.kind()),
Ok(_) => {},
}
println!("`echo hello > a/b.txt`");
// The previous match can be simplified using the `unwrap_or_else` method
echo("hello", &Path::new("a/b.txt")).unwrap_or_else(|why| {
println!("! {:?}", why.kind());
});
println!("`mkdir -p a/c/d`");
// Recursively create a directory, returns `io::Result<()>`
fs::create_dir_all("a/c/d").unwrap_or_else(|why| {
println!("! {:?}", why.kind());
});
println!("`touch a/c/e.txt`");
touch(&Path::new("a/c/e.txt")).unwrap_or_else(|why| {
println!("! {:?}", why.kind());
});
println!("`ln -s ../b.txt a/c/b.txt`");
// Create a symbolic link, returns `io::Result<()>`
if cfg!(target_family = "unix") {
unix::fs::symlink("../b.txt", "a/c/b.txt").unwrap_or_else(|why| {
println!("! {:?}", why.kind());
});
}
println!("`cat a/c/b.txt`");
match cat(&Path::new("a/c/b.txt")) {
Err(why) => println!("! {:?}", why.kind()),
Ok(s) => println!("> {}", s),
}
println!("`ls a`");
// Read the contents of a directory, returns `io::Result>`
match fs::read_dir("a") {
Err(why) => println!("! {:?}", why.kind()),
Ok(paths) => for path in paths {
println!("> {:?}", path.unwrap().path());
},
}
println!("`rm a/c/e.txt`");
// Remove a file, returns `io::Result<()>`
fs::remove_file("a/c/e.txt").unwrap_or_else(|why| {
println!("! {:?}", why.kind());
});
println!("`rmdir a/c/d`");
// Remove an empty directory, returns `io::Result<()>`
fs::remove_dir("a/c/d").unwrap_or_else(|why| {
println!("! {:?}", why.kind());
});
}
Here's the expected successful output:
$ rustc fs.rs && ./fs
`mkdir a`
`echo hello > a/b.txt`
`mkdir -p a/c/d`
`touch a/c/e.txt`
`ln -s ../b.txt a/c/b.txt`
`cat a/c/b.txt`
> hello
`ls a`
> "a/b.txt"
> "a/c"
`rm a/c/e.txt`
`rmdir a/c/d`
And the final state of the a directory is:
$ tree a
a
|-- b.txt
`-- c
`-- b.txt -> ../b.txt
1 directory, 2 files
An alternative way to define the function cat is with ? notation:
fn cat(path: &Path) -> io::Result {
let mut f = File::open(path)?;
let mut s = String::new();
f.read_to_string(&mut s)?;
Ok(s)
}
cfg!