The Cambridge Introduction to Russian Literature

262 Notes to pages 169–79

January 16,1900, in Tolstoy’s Diaries ed. and trans. R. F. Christian, vol. II: 1895-1910 (New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1985), p. 475. See also the discussion of this letter and its context in Clowes, The Revolution of Moral Consciousness, pp. 67-70.

See Anna Geifman, Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), esp. chs. 1 and 5 (on the criminal, psychopath, and juvenile components of the “new terrorism”).

9Evgeny Zamyatin, “On Literature, Revolution, Entropy, and Other Matters,” in

A Soviet Heretic: Essays by Yevgeny Zamyatin, ed. and trans. by Mirra Ginsburg

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970), pp. 107-12, esp. 107-08.

See the discussion of Bely’s 1909 essay “The Magic of Words” and its reflection in Bely’s novel in Vladimir E. Alexandrov, “Petersburg,” Andrei Bely: The Major Symbolist Fiction (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), pp. 101-52.

A lucid discussion can be found in J. D. Elsworth, “Bely’s Theory of Symbolism,” ch. 1, Andrey Bely: A Critical Study of the Novels (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 7-36.

See Richard A. Gregg, “Two Adams and Eve in the Crystal Palace: Dostoevsky, the Bible, and We,” in Major Soviet Writers: Essays in Criticism, ed. Edward J. Brown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), pp. 202-08. Gregg makes the point about Cyrillic and Latin alphabets in n. 21, p. 421.

Yevgeny Zamyatin, We, trans. Clarence Brown (New York: Penguin Books, 1993), Record 9, p. 45. All further references in the text are to this translation.

For a good discussion of parallels, see Robert Louis Jackson, “E. Zamyatin’s We,” Dostoevsky’s Underground Man in Russian Literature (The Hague: Mouton, 1958), pp. 150-57.

Translation by Mirra Ginsburg in A Soviet Heretic, pp. 21-33, quote on pp. 21-22. See also Stefa Hoffman, “Scythian Theory and Literature, 1917-1924,” in Art, Society, Revolution. Russia, 1917-1921, ed. Nils Ake Nilsson (Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1979), pp. 138-64.

Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita, trans. Diana Burgin and Katherine Tiernan O’Connor (New York: Vintage, 1996), p. 12. All further references in the text are to this translation.

Ellendea Proffer, Bulgakov (Ann Arbor, MI: Ardis, 1984), p. 526.

Dostoevsky, “The Devil. Ivan Fyodorovich’s Nightmare,” The Brothers Karamazov, Book Eleven, ch. 9, p. 642.

The two most important essays drawn upon here were published in 1984 in the Tartu school publication Trudypo znakovym sistemam 18: Vladimir Toporov, “Peter-burg i peterburgskii tektst russkoi kul’tury,” repr. in Toporov, Mif. Ritual. Simvol: Issledovaniia v oblasti mifopoeticheskogo: Izbrannoe (Moscow: Izdatel'skaia gruppa Progress, Kul'tura, 1995), pp. 259-367 and Yurii Lotman, “Simvolika Peterburga i problemy semiotiki goroda,” repr. in Lotman, Izbrannye stati v trekh tomax, vol. II (Talinn: Alexandra, 1992), pp. 9-21. An English variant of the Lotman essay can be found in Yuri M. Lotman, “The Symbolism of St. Petersburg,” Universe of the