Ancient civilizations-2

The origins and expansion of the Inca state

Inca origins and early history are largely shrouded in legends that may be more mythical than factual. Their later history, particularly from the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (Pachakuti ’Inka Yupanki; see Table 2) onward, is largely based on fact, even though it presents what the Inca wanted people to know. Whether these historical traditions are true, in the sense that they accurately related what happened, is not so important as the fact that the Inca used them to justify their various imperial conquests.

Inca rulers and royal corporations Inca name Spanish spelling panaca (royal corporation) Manqo Qhapaq Manco Capac Chima Zinchi Roq'a Sinchi Roca Rawra Lloq'e Yupanki Lloque Yupanqui 'Awayni Mayta Qhapaq Mayta Capac 'Uska Mayta Qhapaq Yupanki Capac Yupanqui 'Apu Mayta 'Inka Roq'a 'Inka Inca Roca Wika-k'iraw Yawar Waqaq Yahuar Huacac 'Awqaylli Wiraqocha 'Inka Viracocha Inca Zukzu 'Inka 'Urqon Inca Urcon none Pachakuti 'Inka Yupanki (1438–71) Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui 'Iñaqa Thupa 'Inka Yupanki (1471–93) Topa Inca Yupanqui Qhapaq Wayna Qhapaq (1493–1525) Huayna Capac Tumipampa Washkar 'Inka (1525–32) Huascar Washkar 'Ataw Wallpa 'Inka (1532–33) Atahuallpa none Thupa Wallpa (1533) Topa Huallpa none Manqo 'Inka Yupanki (1533–45) Manco Inca Yupanqui none (?)