КЛЮЧИ
Урок 1
He often plays the fool.
Does he often play the fool in the evenings?
How often does he lose temper?
He never loses temper.
He usually gets out of bed on the wrong side and often loses temper on Mondays.
Why do you always see daylight?
He never works hard and usually plays the fool at work.
My husband hardly ever loses temper.
I get out of bed on the wrong side very often.
When do you usually lose temper?
Do you usually sleep for a long time? \ Do you usually sleep long?
I wake up at 7 o'clock every day.
What time do you usually get up?
They never wash themselves.
He takes a shower every day.
I always have a bath in the evening.
Sometimes we make breakfast on Sundays.
When do they have breakfast?
She seldom has dinner and never has supper.
Sometimes I have dinner at work, but not very often.
She always washes the dishes after breakfast.
Why do you never wash the dishes after dinner?
She cleans her room every Saturday. \ Every Saturday she cleans her room.
Do you always play the fool at work?
They never wash the dishes in the evenings, because they have supper at the restaurant fairly \ quite often.
Урок 2
He is never cold in the mornings, because he always goes to work on foot.
We are usually very busy on weekdays as we go to work.
Why is he always so sad on Sundays? — He isn't sad, he is just bored.
Do you often vacuum? — No, I don't. I do it very seldom; I work every day, I am too busy at work and I am too tired, hungry and wicked in the evenings.
Are you pleased with me? — No, I am not pleased with you: you are too silly and self-assured.
Why do you wash and iron so seldom? — Because it's bored.
He is always happy when he plays the fool.
She is very excited, because she doesn't see daylight.
He is too self-assured and rather silly, that's why he often loses temper.
She is very busy in the morning: she always takes a shower, makes the bed, makes breakfast, has breakfast, washes the dishes, cleans the room, does her hair, beautifies herself, gets dressed, gets changed and then she goes to work. She usually goes to work by bus, but sometimes she takes a taxi.
Урок 3
She is a hard nut to crack.
Is he a big shot? — No, he isn't. He is a student.
Are you an interpreter? — Yes, I am. And what about you?
He is a lawyer; he is always very busy both on weekdays and on his free days; generally speaking, he is a big shot and a man of his word as well.
Unfortunately, he is an absolute nothing. / He is an absolute nothing, I'm afraid.
Are you free in the evenings? — Yes, I'm. You know I am a student.
She is the life and soul of the party: she never loses temper, always sees daylight and plays the fool quite often; although she is a teacher/ she is a teacher though.
How often do you make dinner? — Never! My sister usually does it. You know I am a big shot and she is an absolute nothing! It's just a joke, of course.
We are pensioners. We go to the cinema rather seldom, but we often watch TV in the evening.
What are you? — Frankly speaking, I am not a big shot, I am an ordinary nurse, but take my word for it — I am an expert at my job.
Урок 4
He is always busy: he is an outstanding teacher and an excellent hard-worker.
Is he a sociable person? — Yes, he is very sociable. But unfortunately he is a failure, although he always works hard / he always works hard though.
You are a terrible bore, because you never play the fool.
He is a terrible newsmonger, an awful panic-monger and a horrible lickspittle. On the whole he is a nasty personality, that's why I hardly ever mix with him at work.
Are they stay-at-homes? — Yes, they are terrible ones: they never go out anywhere.
Frankly speaking, I am not a man of courage at all. What about you?
She is reserved and sad. And on the whole she is a pessimist.
He is an outstanding personality! Such a clear head! Such a dreamer!
Pensioners are seldom dreamers.
He never works hard at work; he is an ordinary idler and a bore as well. On the whole he is an absolute nothing.
Урок 5
Do your children often smile?
My grandpa is a terrible panic-monger: he never smiles and talks over his problems rather seldom.
His dad is so great! He always smiles and he is never angry with me.
Is your husband a scientist? — Yes, he is, that's why he is at home so seldom: you know he works both on Saturdays and on Sundays.
Frankly speaking, your son isn't a blockhead, he is just a real idler, although, to tell the truth he is bad at math.
He is late so often, so he almost always goes to work by taxi. - True! It is in his way!
Are you good at languages? — I think so. You see, I speak both English and Russian quite fluently. I am a journalist and generally speaking I am a sociable person.
Her cousin is a stay-at-home. She seldom goes even to see her relatives.
Your children always giggle at me, so it's naturally, that I lose temper, especially in the evenings when I am tired after a hard working day.
My husband and I always quarrel and then make it up…That's our life!
Урок 6
Frankly speaking, she is a fascinating woman and a hard-worker as well. By the way, she can cook and, to my mind, she cooks every day.
My dad is an outstanding personality: he is a great optimist and always hopes for the Best.
Can you drive a car? — No, I can't, but my husband can.
Your brother is a real charmer! I've got a feeling, that he never fights and can't use strong/bad language at all!
His mother is a terrible niggard! I can't stand it!
Their son is an unlucky fellow. He always tries to do his Best, but he never succeeds in life, because he can't persist in his opinion.
Your daughter can neither wash nor cook! She is a worthless housekeeper! And I can't stand it!
Can this nasty bore laugh? — Just imagine, but she can!
Your aunt never tidies. May be she can't do it.
My husband is a sociable person. He can make friends.
Урок 7
Do you often have headaches?
Why do you always eat running out of doors and never have dinner at home?
He always has a lot of good pupils: he has a nose for talented kids.
He is such a dear! But he always has his head in the clouds, so / that's why he has problems with his relatives.
Do you know a thing or two of modern art? — Honestly speaking, I know very little.
Does she have a good ear for music? — In my opinion/to my mind/ it seems to me she has a very good ear for music, but unfortunately she isn't interested in music at all.
He usually has a walk with his dog in the evenings.
It seems to me, that our president has his heart in the right place, but the situation in our country often gets worse after his decrees.
Has he got a car? — No, he hasn't got a car, but he has a wonderful bike.
Just imagine! He has a cheek to use bad language at my lessons!
Урок 8
A
I don't usually drink coffee, but I'm drinking it at the moment.
I don't usually eat ice cream, but I'm eating it now.
I don't usually read cheap novels, but I'm reading at the moment.
I don't usually quarrel with my parents, but I'm quarrelling now.
I don't usually have dinner at home, but I'm having dinner at home at the moment.
I don't usually read in the evenings, but I'm reading now.
He doesn't usually watch horror-films, but he is sitting and watching it with great pleasure at the moment.
He never cribs at the lessons, for some reason but he is cribbing at the moment.
We always enjoy Parfenov's programmes, but we are working at the moment and, unfortunately, aren't watching his regular masterpiece.
For some reason he is smoking at the moment, but frankly speaking, he doesn't smoke at all.
I'm reading a terrible novel now although I don't usually read cheap novels.
We are eating ice-cream at the moment, we don't usually eat ice-cream in such cold weather though.
Why are you looking at her with such hatred? You always treat your subordinates kindly enough, don't you?
She is working at the moment, but to tell the truth it doesn't happen very often.
Are you working now? — No, we aren't. We seldom work after dinner.
B
Are you busy now?
Are you having dinner now?
Have you got money? / Have you got any money?
Can you see anything at the moment? / Do you see anything at the moment?
Do you want something?
Are you working at the moment?
Do you doubt at the moment?
What are you doing now?
What are you smelling? / What are you smelling now?
What are you reading at the moment?
What do you hear now?
I am not working; I'm having dinner at the moment.
I don't understand you. What do you mean?
It smells bad, I can't be here.
I usually go to work by car, but it's warm now, there is a wonderful smell of spring in the air, so I am walking, talking rubbish with you/ chatting about small matters with you.
Do you want to taste this juice? Look! Your brother is tasting and it seems to me/to my mind/in my opinion he is enjoying it!
I'm phoning you from the hotel. I have a wonderful room and I'm having a very good time: I'm admiring sunset, smelling the flowers and waiting for you!
Are you having dinner now?
Why are you being so silly?
20. Your offer sounds delicious.
Урок 9
1. Girl! Come here! Help me! I'm feeling bad.
2. I am not watching TV. Turn it off, please.
3. Don't come up to the door! Somebody is standing there! I hear some sounds!
4. What are you doing? Why are you making so much noise? Turn off your tape-recorder immediately/at once!
Don't drink tap water! It is tasteless.
What is he doing there? Call him at once!
Children! Stop screaming! My head is splitting!
8. Stop call names! You are misbehaving! That's the limit!
9. Don't listen to her! She is always talking rubbish!
Stop moaning! You don't usually do like this, do you? What's going on?
Translate all the sentences into English quickly and don't do silly mistakes while translating.
Look at me! Say «cheese»! Turn! Tidy your hair! Don't bend! Draw yourself up! Do you hear me? That's right! Good for you! You are looking fine now! But to tell the truth you usually look like a shabby chicken.
Stop quarrelling! Stop making a row in the presence of the strangers!
Calm down! There is nothing to worry about! Pull yourself together! You always can see daylight, can't you?
I don't know what's going on! Don't phone me! I don't want to see you!
Don't bother me! I'm working!
Leave her alone! Stop sticking to her!! Don't bother her! She is working on her dissertation, you see!
Stop making these terrible sounds! I'm trying to concentrate but you are always distracting me!
You are always making me angry! I can't live like this any more!
20. Why are you always looking at me like this? Stop it! I don't like it!
Урок 10
1. I often dance. I am dancing now. I have been dancing since morning.
2. Do I often dance? Am I dancing now? Have I been dancing since morning?
3. I don't watch TV. I am not watching TV at the moment. I have not been watching TV sincechildhood.
4. I usually watch cartoons on Sundays. I'm watching cartoons with my children now. I have beenwatching cartoons for two hours.
What do you usually drink? What are you drinking now? What have you been drinking since morning?
Where do you have dinner every day? Where are you having dinner now? Why have you been having dinner for two hours?
Where do you work? Where are you working now? How long have you been working here?
8. He seldom plays alone. He is playing alone at the moment. He has been playing alone for 3 hours.
9. Why do you often look at me? Why are you looking at me so lightly? Why have you been looking atme without rest for several minutes?
10. Do you often write letters to your relatives? Are you writing a letter to your mum mow? Have youbeen writing letters since morning?
11. My talkative neighbour speaks on the phone too often. Is your husband speaking on the phone now?Why has this chatterbox been hanging on the phone at least for an hour?
How long have you been waiting for me?
How long has it been raining?
How long have you been working here?
How long has he been smoking?
Урок 11
I eat every day. I am eating now. I have been eating since morning. I ate yesterday.
Do you eat every day? Are you eating now? Have you been eating since 12 o'clock? Did you eat yesterday?
She often drinks coffee. Is she drinking coffee now? She has been drinking coffee for a few years. She drank coffee 2 hours ago.
My mum cooks well. My mum is making dinner at the moment. My mum has been making dinner since she came from work. My mum didn't make dinner yesterday.
They don't usually have dinner together. They aren't having dinner now. They haven't been having dinner together for the whole year. They didn't have dinner yesterday.
What do you usually do in the evenings? What are you doing now? What have you been doing for a good hour? What did you do yesterday?
He never reads. Is he reading now? He has been reading since morning. Did he read anything yesterday?
Why are you always looking at me like this? Why aren't you looking at me now? How long have you been looking at me? Don't look at me! He looked at me so coldly yesterday. Stop looking at me! I can't look at people so lordly as she can.
Where did you see this film? Don't bother me; I'm watching my favourite soap opera! Fancy that, she has been watching this soap opera for 5 years! We don't usually watch TV on weekdays. Stop watching this rubbish! Did you watch soap operas in childhood?
Do you ever sleep? She has been sleeping just for a few minutes, please, don't wake her up! Are you sleeping? I didn't sleep last night, it was terrible. Don't sleep! We are in a great hurry!
Урок 12
She would bring flowers from the country. Yesterday she brought flowers from the country.
We would call names at the lessons. Why do children call names so often? My children never call names.
I never shout at my children. Do you shout at your children? Stop shouting at the children! Why did you shout at your children yesterday? You are always shouting at your children! She would shout at her children. Don't shout at the children!
Why are you always snapping? Ill-mannered children always snap at the lessons. Hooligans would snap at the lessons.
She would sing something in a thin voice. Did you sing in childhood? Do you often sing? Stop singing! Just imagine! She has been singing since morning! I am not singing, I'm just sitting and looking through the window.
She would treat us in the evenings. Did they treat you yesterday? You never treat us.
Why are you always showing off? He would show off at the lessons in childhood. In my opinion, he has been showing off since childhood.
Can you bring up children? Nobody can bring up children, as it should be. Stop bringing me up at last / after all!
She would sob of offence. Do you often cry? You know, sometimes I cry on nothing. She has been crying for 2 hours. I can't believe, that she has been crying since morning.
What are you looking for? How long have you been looking for him? Did you look for him yesterday? We would look for him for hours. I never look for my glasses.
Урок 13
Are there many English books in your library?
There used to be a lot of English books in my library.
Is there a cinema in your street? — Yes, there is. But it used to be a theatre.
There is a little cloud in the sky.
There used to be a sofa in the kitchen.
There are 2 beds in the room.
There used to be a large number of people outdoors in the evenings.
He used to be a teacher and now he is a manager at the supermarket.
We used to go fishing when I was a child.
Did you use to go hiking when you lived in England?
Урок 14
I show off every day. I'm showing off now. I have been showing off since morning. I showed off yesterday. I used to show off. I would show off in childhood. I could show off when mum was out. Yesterday I managed to show off at the lesson.
You usually lose your handkerchiefs. You are losing temper. You have been loosing your handkerchiefs since childhood. You lost your handkerchief yesterday. You used to lose your handkerchiefs. You would lose your handkerchiefs at school. You could lose everything when you lived with your granny and she never punished you. You were able to lose my favourite handkerchief!
On the whole, she gets on with people. She is getting on with her husband at the moment. She has been getting on with adults since her birth. She got on with her mother-in-low last summer. She used to get on with her mother-in-low. She would get on with everyone in our school. She could get on with everybody when she was in a good mood. Yesterday she managed to get on with a gang of hooligans.
Урок 15
I always sail against the wind. I'm sailing against the wind at the moment. I have been sailing against the wind since birth. I sailed against the wind in youth. I would sail against the wind in youth. I used to sail against the wind, but things are different now. I was sailing against the wind while all people of my age were moving in a rut. I was sailing against the wind when suddenly I felt terribly tired.
You seldom write letters to your relatives. You are writing a letter — I can see. You have been writing a letter for 2 hours. You were writing a letter when I came to see you. You used to write letters very often, but now you are very busy at work. You wrote a letter to me yesterday. You were writing letters from 2 till 5 yesterday. You always wrote to me about your problems.
He usually plays the fool at the lessons. He is playing the fool at work now. He has been playing the fool from birth. He often played the fool in youth. He would play the fool in the country. He used to play the fool when he was a guest. He was playing the fool when we first saw him.
Урок 17
Yesterday I ate an apple. I have eaten an apple today. When I was eating an apple yesterday, I felt dizzy.
You read his letter last week. You have just read his letter. Have you read his letter yet? Have you already read his letter?
He has never looked at me. He never looked at me in childhood. He wasn't looking at me while I was blowing him kisses.
She wasn't there yesterday. She hasn't been there these days. She hasn't been there since childhood. She wasn't there when I got in/ came in. She hasn't been there for ages.
Have you ever quarrelled with your parents? Did you ever quarrel with your parents in childhood?
I learn good poems by heart with great pleasure. I've just learnt by heart a marvellous poem. Stop learning by heart all sorts of rubbish! When I was learning this poem by heart, the door opened and my mum entered the room.
We've been in low water since New Year's Day. We would be in low water in youth, but never suffered from it.
Fancy that! The boy has been out of hand!
Don't listen to reason. It's boring!
She has had a screw loose! She has quarrelled with all her acquaintances/friends!
Урок 18
1. I know all. I have known him for ages. I know, that you are looking at me now. I knew him in childhood. I had known him before he came in our class.
We are close friends. We have been friends since childhood. We had been friends before we began to work in the same school. We were friends last year. We used to be friends.
To my mind, she is married. She has been married for 2 years. She was married, but she is divorced at the moment.
I have put on a lot of weight and I am on a diet now. I had put on weight before I got married. I put on weight last year. I put on weight, and then I went on a diet and grew thin.
She is in love with him. She has been in love with him since childhood. She had been in love with him before they became acquainted personally.
My grandpa has never travelled by air. My grandpa was very nervous during the flight, because he had never travelled by air before.
I met her a few days ago. She had just come back from Prague. She is at home. Go to see her, she has just come back from Prague.
She isn't hungry, because she has just had breakfast. In general, she hardly ever has breakfast. She used to have breakfast when she was at school, but now she doesn't have time for breakfast.
When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun. The film began after we had arrived at the cinema. We arrived at the cinema, took our seats, and the film began.
I had been at home by 5 o'clock. I was at home when the phone rang. I was at home while my friends were getting ready for the exams. I didn't use to be at home very often, but I have turned into a real stay-at home: I am always at home in the evenings.
Урок 19
A.
Hardly had I seen her when I fell in love.
Scarcely had I seen her when I was overhead and ears in love.
No sooner had I seen her then I was overhead and ears in love.
Hardly had you touched the pillow when you fell asleep immediately.
Scarcely had you touched the pillow when you dropped off to sleep
No sooner had you touched the pillow then you began to snore.
Hardly had he recovered from cold when he caught another infection.
No sooner had he recovered from cold then he began to ache again.
No sooner had they got married then they began to abuse by nothing.
Scarcely had they left Moscow when they felt themselves quieter.
B.
Hardly had I seen her when I lost the gift of speech. She was so beautiful! Perhaps, she was the most beautiful girl that I had ever seen.It was rumoured that she had lived in Paris before she moved to our town. When I saw her for the first time, she was looking out of the window and singing a funny song. I was in a great hurry, so I didn't manage to take an all-round view. But in spite of this, scarcely had I seen her when I was overhead and ears in love. It can't be helped. The next day I proposed to her. Strangely enough, but she agreed immediately. We have been married for 20 years and haven't quarrelled so far. You can envy, can't you?
Урок 20
A
I am so exhausted because I have been going shopping.
You are such a slowcoach because you have been watching TV.
Why is she so wet? — Because she has been running in the rain.
What has he been doing? Why is he so irritated?
They are so pleased because they have been playing football.
B
1. I often invite my friends to our school parties. I've just invited her to our school party. Look what happened! When I was inviting her to our school party, her nasty friend came in and spoiled everything.
2. You look so stupid with this hair cut. You looked so stupid yesterday. You have been lookingstupidly since birth.
We are in the same boat: we both shout at each other while quarrelling. Why are you so irritated? — Because I have been shouting at my brainless subordinates. Why are you so upset? — Because I haven't controlled myself/I have lost temper and have shouted at my wife in spite of the fact that she is in the family way.
Did you phone your dad yesterday? Have you phoned your dad? When did you phone your dad? Were you phoning him from 3 till 4? Had you phoned him before you learnt /got to know the news? I am so pleased because I have phoned my dad. I am so upset because I have been speaking to my dad.
Just imagine/fancy that! Our neighbour has had a screw loose! He has gone down in history! He has thrown a bad egg at the minister!
Урок 21
I had been explaining this rule to you for half a lesson before I gave you a test. I have already explained this rule to you. I had explained the rule before I gave a test. While I was explaining the rule, you were talking to each other.
You apologize to me every day. You apologized to me yesterday. You have apologized to me today. While you were apologizing to me, I felt pity. You used to apologize to me. You had been apologizing to me for a log time but I didn't forgive/ excuse you for all that.
He always took care of his kin. He has taken care of everybody. He had taken care of his sister before she got married to the right person. He was taking care of me while you were playing the fool through inexperience.
Урок 22
1. I don't approve of his behaviour. I didn't approve of his yesterday's behaviour. I hadn't approved of his behaviour before he explained the motive. I used to approve of his behaviour but I don't like it any more. I'll never approve of your option/choice.
All of us depend on our government. We always depended on them. We depended on them last year. We'll depend on them next year. We used to depend on communists but things are different now.
She has never dreamt of being a filmstar. She dreamt of being a filmstar in childhood. She used to dream of being a filmstar. She often dreams of being rich and healthy. She would dream of being a top-model. After a while she will begin to dream of being a top-model.
Урок 23
I like to go sightseeing in old towns. Yesterday when I was going sightseeing, I met my old friends. I usually go sightseeing on Saturdays. Well, tomorrow we are going sightseeing and the day after tomorrow we are becoming brown on the beach. We'll see the sights of age-old Russian town Novgorod during our summer hike/walking tour. He is so thick-skinned! Once in a blue moon we see the sights of such a marvelous town but he doesn't care! As a last resort, I'll go sightseeing tomorrow after dinner. Children would feel exhausted after we had gone sightseeing during our summer walking tours.
I usually get up early. He has just got up. He got up 2 minutes ago. I had got up before I heard a noise. When are you getting up tomorrow? Will you get up in the end? Watch out, to my mind, she is getting up. I've never got up early. I never get up early. I'll never get up early. When I was getting up, I felt dizzy.
Why do you always run away from me? Why are you running away from me? Why did you run away from me yesterday? Why were you running away from me while I was running after you at a top speed? Why did you use to run away from me? Why didn't you run away from me in childhood? Why have you never run away from me? Why do you never run away from me?
Урок 24
1. My husband never goes into details when he tells about his scientific work. I am not about to go into details of our private life, at any rate, for the time present.
He has already taken a decision. He is going to take a decision. He'll take a decision tomorrow. He had taken a decision before he met the lawyer. He managed/was able to take the decision worthy of Solomon.
She dressed her daughter in red for carnival. My mummy always dresses me tastefully. She is going to dress her like a doll. My parents used to dress me. I'll dress her in a couple of minutes. I'll put it on in a couple of minutes.
Урок 25
I'll write a letter if I have time.
You'll phone me when you come back home from work.
She will give me her address when she finds the right flat.
We'll come to see you when we are in London.
I won't give you a treat you if you are late.
We'll get wet if we go out.
She won't talk to you until you apologize to her.
I'll go straight home after I have done all the purchases/buying.
I'll have a rest while my parents are out.
We'll write down the title of the book in case we forget it.
I'll draw the plan of the town in case it is lost.
He won't be able to understand you if you don't speak distinctly and slowly.
I'm going to find another job if the company doesn't offer me a bigger salary.
I won't go to the party if you go there.
He will do his homework as soon as he comes back home.
You can borrow the money providing that you give it back as soon as it is possible.
She will read every day providing that you give her the right books.
You won't get in unless you are a member of the club.
I'll buy you a present if you are a clear head.
We'll go to sea when the weather is warmer.
Урок 26
For a change I from time to time think before I take a decision to do something.
Don't think about this crying shame.
I'll have thought twice before I get this crazy idea out of my mind.
I used to think about it as a child.
Don't bother me, I'm thinking.
I think, you should get this crazy idea out of your mind.
With all my heart I advise you to think about it.
Think about it at your convenience.
I've been thinking about this since morning and I've thought out nothing so far.
I've never thought about it.
I never think about it.
I'll never think about it when I grow up.
I've just thought about you.
I was thinking about you when you phoned me.
I used to think about you very often.
Have you ever thought about such great success?
We would think together about the future of the mankind.
I'll think about it when it stops raining.
I had been thinking about it for many years before I began to realize my idea.
I'm thinking about you all days long.
Nobody has ever thought about it.
Did you think about it yesterday?
Have you thought about it?
When will you think about it?
Are you going to think about your career?
Any man of worth from time to time thinks about his future.
Will you have thought over my proposal before I phone you?
He is a man of his word, I know it from experience, and he always thinks before he makes promises providing that he knows all the details of the matter.
Have you thought twice yet?
Have you already thought over my proposal?
Урок 27
Year in, year out unlucky people apply for a job to their more successful friends.
You'll be sick to death if you apply for a job to the employment bureau.
In short, you'll apply for a job when pigs fly.
When I applied for a job to him last year, he was overhead and ears in his business.
What is eating him? When this time yesterday I was applying for a job to him, he looked so furious but absolutely exhausted.
Have you applied for a job to anybody yet?
I know it at first hand that if you don't apply to him for a job he will never offer it to you himself.
When my ship comes home, I won't apply for a job to my friends at least twice a year.
Please, hold me by the hand while I'm applying for a job to my ex-husband tomorrow.
If he doesn't apply for a job, he'll follow his nose ever before sunset.
I've never applied for a job to my kin.
I used to apply for a job to him but I've missed the bus: he has lost everything himself.
Until you apply for a job, I won't lend you money.
He applied for a job to me but I pretended to be ill.
After he had applied for a job to my dad, we dropped an acquaintance.
Урок 28
In short, when I meet you for the second time, I'll have been cycling for 2 hours.
He has been cycling since childhood.
My daughter was very tired when she met you, because she had been cycling for 2 hours.
Don't hope against hope! He'll never be able to cycle!
One of these days I'll cycle to the country.
By trial and error we came to the conclusion that he had never cycled before.
I've already made up my mind: I'm cycling to school tomorrow it doesn't come easy to me though.
I'll have been cycling until my ship comes home.
He used to cycle to work but, to my mind, now he will cycle only when pigs fly.
She was going out of her way while she was cycling/while cycling, because by all means she wanted to demonstrate to everyone that she wasn't born yesterday.
Урок 29
Техника речи 1.
He said he had been ill the day before.
He said it was hot there.
He said he didn't know what to say.
He said he was working very hard then.
He said he had been waiting for me since morning.
He said the dog had stolen meat.
He said he had done it the previous week.
He said he would do it better.
I invited him to go fishing at 6 o'clock in the morning but he said he would be sleeping that time.
He said he thought it would have stopped raining by the next morning.
She said that she would have been doing this work for 2 hours before I came.
He said you were running across the road when he saw you.
He said Einstein was born in 1779, but he made a mistake: Einstein was born in 1879.
Fancy that! He said he had forgotten everything he knew.
He told me he had forgotten everything he knew.
He asked me if I knew the way to the railway-station.
He asked me where I lived.
He said her parents were well.
She said she was going to learn to drive.
She said her brother had given up a job.
She said she couldn't come to the party on Friday.
She said she wanted to go for a holiday but she didn't know where to go.
She said she was going away for a few days and she would phone me when she came back.
He informed that they were going to get married the next month.
She said she had seen/she saw her ex-husband at the party and he was looking gloomy.
I thought you said that restaurant was cheap.
I thought you said that she wouldn't come to see us.
I thought she said that she didn't like her job.
I thought you said that you didn't know English at all.
I thought you said that you had never eaten snails.
She asked me how old I was.
She wondered if I knew any foreign language.
She tried to find out how I was feeling.
She asked me where I had been.
She wondered when I had come back.
She asked me what I was doing.
She asked me where I lived.
She wondered why I had come back.
She asked me if I was glad to being back home.
She asked me if I could lend her some money.
She wondered if I had any plans for the future.
He asked me if there was a bank near there.
She informed she had no idea who had committed that insolent robbery.
You knew that she hadn't got my letter.
You wondered when he had come back.
You found out what that word meant.
He had no idea if it was a long way from there to the airport.
He didn't wonder if I was married.
He asked me why we met so seldom.
He asked me when I would get free after work.
Техника речи 2.
I'm hungry. She says she is hungry. She said she was hungry. She has just said she is hungry. She said she had been hungry before she went to work. She said she had been hungry since morning. She asked me if I was hungry. She asked me why I was hungry. She wondered if I had been hungry before I sat down to the table.
He is deep in the hole and he has no money to pay for his flat. He says he is deep in the hole and he has no money to pay for his flat. He confessed he was deep in the hole and had no money to pay for his flat. Today he has declared for everyone to hear that he is deep in the hole and has no money to pay for the flat. They wondered if he had any debts. They tried to find out if he had money to pay for the flat. They want to know why I have no money to pay for the flat. Do you want to know if I can pay for the flat? Did you want to find out if I could pay for the flat? Do you want to know when I will pay for the flat? He wondered if I was going to get clear of debts in the foreseeable future.
How long are you going to stay in our town? He wonders how long we are going to stay here. He tried to find out how long we were going to stay there. He wondered if we would have been there before it started raining. Do you want to know if we will have been here till Christmas? Why didn't you try to find out how long they were going to stay there? Do you guess why he didn't ask them how long they were going to stay there? He has just told he won't be able to find out how long they are going to stay here. I've just found out how long they are going to stay here.
We can't afford to spend money like water. They say they can't afford to spend money like water. They confessed they couldn't afford to spend money like water. They complained that under the circumstances or, rather, in their parents' presence they couldn't afford to spend money like water. Are you pleased with the fact that you can spend money like water? She wondered if we were pleased with the fact that we could afford to spend money like water at last. I am not sure we can afford to spend money like water. Are you sure that you can afford to throw your money around?
She failed in exams to university. She said she had failed in exams to university. She confessed that had failed in exams to university ever the previous year/the year before. She is crying because she has failed in the exam. He wondered why she had failed in exams. Didn't you wonder why she had failed in exams? Did she tell you that she had failed in exams? I don't know when she will confess to her parents that she has failed in exams.
Урок 30
I give English lessons every day. - I'm given English lessons every day.
I pay taxes honestly. - I'm never paid a salary in cash.
He usually tells fabulous stories. - He is usually told fabulous stories.
He seldom offers his help under the delicate circumstances. - He is often offered help.
I hardly ever give advice. - I'm often given advice how to act in some unforeseen situation.
I always invite a lot of people to my birthday party. - I am usually invited to blow round with great pleasure.
He never envies anybody but he is envied by everybody.
Unfortunately, we excuse our enemies too seldom. - We are always glad when we are excused.
I refuse to get this job. - I'm usually refused to get extra profit.
I allow you to stay up late. - I'm usually allowed to stay up late very seldom.
Урок 31
Put it into your pipe and smoke it: you won't set the Thames on fire that's why you are asked at school so often. My heart usually sinks into my boots when I'm asked some tricky question, especially when I am not ready for the exam properly. A young hopeful! It's the first time I've asked you such a tricky question on history and you have got out of a difficulty with great ease!
You are always making a mountain out of a molehill! Good ice cream is made of high-quality food. It isn't usually done like this! These miniature toys are made of ivory. Is your ice cream made of liquid milk? He has just made such an ugly thing! We have been doing lessons since the very morning. If you make a mountain out of a molehill, we'll live a cat and dog life. Just imagine: he told me if I made a mountain out of a molehill, we would live a cat and dog life!
That's the heart of the matter! You are always openhearted that's why you are tricked so often. I've never tricked anybody! I've been sitting on a powder keg since I understood that everyone was tricked there. Don't let the grass grow under your feet and if you are tricked once again, leave our town immediately and go in search of a job somewhere to a proper place. If I'm tricked, then I'll trick anybody with the greatest pleasure.
Урок 32
I refuse point-blank to explain new material to you if you don't bring yourselves to your senses. She has been explaining her favourite theorem to us for an hour and, to my mind, she is on the top of the world. He is at odds with math and even if everything is explained to him in detail, he can't solve even a primary sum. Have you explained the main thing to her yet? Have you already explained the main thing to her? Have you already managed to explain the main thing to her? By the way, is everything always explained to you in detail?
It's the first time; I've read an English book in the original. I have the title of the book I read last week with great pleasure on the tip of my tongue. In my opinion, she is from a different world: just imagine, she perceives nothing when it is read to her aloud; and one day when I asked her why it happened like that, she answered very roughly: " It's out of your business!" — " It serves you right! Never interfere in other people's business if you aren't asked." How often English texts are read to you at the lessons? To my mind, she won't read this book completely if you don't make her do it.
Have you ever read English writers in the original? Nothing is never read to us at English lessons and it is real careless work if call a spade a spade.
Урок 33
A
I usually wait for the necessary bus for hours. - The necessary bus is usually waited for hours.
We often send him for beer. - He is usually sent for when somebody needs first aid/is in need of first aid.
I speak about it quite often. - It is often spoken about.
We always listen to classical music with great pleasure. - Classical music isn't always listened to with great pleasure.
Sometimes I look at today's young people with great surprise. - Rebellious young people are usually looked at with misunderstanding and dislike.
Teenagers usually look for something unrealizable. - She is often looked for before the beginning of the classes.
You are laughing at her for nothing. - Unfortunately, she is often laughed at.
I look after aged people; it's my extra earnings. - Evidently, this child is looked after very well.
She referred me to you. - Ancient authors are often referred to in the lectures on history.
Our principal usually finds fault with his favourites. - For some reason, I'm always found fault with at physic lessons.
My daughter usually looks forward to the coming of heat. - The 14th of February and the 25th of December are usually looked forward to in all the Catholic countries.
I am glad that I can always rely on you in everything. - Sometimes kids are relied on more often than their disorganized parents.
The young seldom pay attention to weather. - The slightest change in weather is paid attention to in London.
We never live in the country-cottage in winter. - In winter the country-cottage is never lived in.
We drink out of old cups. - Old cups are drunk out of in our family.
B.
How long have you been looking for your keys? Why are you usually looked for in the attic? Will you have been looking for him before it starts raining? Had you looked for the keys in your own room before you phoned me?
He is never found fault with because he has showed himself as an excellent hard-worker. He said he would never find fault with me providing I learnt some poems by heart.
He said I was spoken about at every corner. I had been speaking about you for an hour before you entered the room.
Have you heard from him recently? Have you heard about him? I've never heard of him. Can you hear me?
I've been waiting for you for 15 minutes. Unfortunately, I am not waited for there. He said he wasn't waited for there. I'll be waiting for you at the cinema at 5 o'clock sharp.
Урок 34
How often do you do your flat? He is just playing for time and isn't going to tide up his room. It goes without saying that you are madly glad that your room is always done/is always tided up by your friends' arrival / coming. The hall is being tided up now so you will be able to get in at any moment. He promised he would do his room sooner or later. I can't understand why it is never tided up here; this mess just drives me wild and I confess I'm fed up with all this complete chaos.
Follow me! Oh, I'm scared, to my mind; I'm being followed closely. Don't worry! It just seems to you: there are always so many people on a bus in the rush hour that any person can suppose that he is followed.
We are having a heart-to-heart talk, so please, don't bother us. We are always being bothered here, it's just unbearable! I feel that I always bother you. It looks as if you were born with a silver spoon in your mouth if you aren't prevented to work on/at your book under present power.
Урок 35
He has been duped since morning, but he is a knowing old bird — nobody has managed to cheat him. I've never cheated you, Honest to God! Why are you always cheated? He used to cheat me when I was child. I would cheat my trustful good-natured parents in childhood. You are always being cheated and you are out of the swim! If I am not cheated again, I'll come to my senses and enter the University come rain or shine. He said he had been cheated since birth. Look here! You are being cheated at the moment!
I always feel ill at ease when I'm treated so hard. Help yourself, please, and be at your ease. She invited us to see her place, treated with some delicious food and then suggested spending the night at her place as it started raining cats and dogs. Shame on you, you've, probably, had a screw loose: you have been amused, treated and pampered since morning, but you behave yourself as if you don't wear the trousers. She is being treated with black coffee at the moment.
She is often shown on TV because everybody thinks her the pink of perfection. Have you shown your usual trick yet? These tricks have been shown on TV since 7 o'clock in the evening. I will have been showing tricks till I am not asked to stop. How many years had you been showing tricks in the streets before you decided to try working at the circus? This film is shown on TV every Sunday. This film is being shown on TV at the moment. Is this film being shown on TV at the moment? Why do you show tricks so seldom? He promised he would show a trick as soon as he got free.
Урок 36
There is no need to tip to staff: service is included in a bill. I remember that when we had dinner in this restaurant in summer, a tip was included in a bill. This diet includes all the necessary ingredients but not for love or money I keep to this diet because making salads will take me too much time and, as I'm always busy, I can't permit it. Are you included in the list of invitees to the 20th anniversary of their wedding?
We were allowed to get into the holy of holies of this unique medieval castle, I mean, the library. Circumstances don't allow me to live in a big way. Are you really allowed to stay up late? I didn't know you were allowed to stay up late.
She was brought up in the spirit of obedience to their parents. If you aren't brought severely, you'll never grow wise. We try to bring up our children as well as possible. He is a strange child, neither fish nor good red herring; there is nothing special about him. I can't imagine a human being who will be able to bring him up as a worthy and honest person. He always knows which side his bread is buttered, I wonder, who brought him up? Our parents were brought up in a very difficult historical period, in stagnation years, they were promised a land of milk and honey when the communism was in. No doubt, all that left an imprint on them, in a word; we can't always understand each other.
He was looked after well in childhood, I hope; he pays back to his parents in the same coin. These kids are being looked after bad at the moment, and I can't put up with it. Will you be able to look after my child while I am doing shopping? She promised she would look after my little-one while I was at the hairdresser's. I have been looking after my neighbour's kids since their parents were offered a part-time job.
I've been reading this book since Monday. This book has been read since Monday. This book is usually read before night. This book is being read at the moment, I can't give it to you. What are you reading now? Is anything interesting being read to you at the courses? An extract from his article about the political situation in our country was read to us yesterday. If you have read this book by tomorrow, I'll be able to give it back to the library on time. He asked me what I was reading then. He wondered if I had read any of ancient writers. He wonders if I'm going to have read this book by the end of the holiday. He swore he would have read that book before the light in the camp was turned off.
Урок 37
1. When I was being awarded, I felt suddenly that I was ready to burst out crying. All the outstanding people are awarded in our country. She will be left holding the bag if you haven't awarded her before she is fired.
You are being led by the nose by the hysterical woman and forcing panic in society, nobody will excuse you for that. You were excused long ago. What did you feel when you realized, that you were being excused?
He was in his element and chatted nonstop and only because of him we weren't bored stiff while the lecture on the harm of smoking was being read to us. You have been chatting on the phone for 2 hours — it's just disgusting! We had been chatting for a few minutes before we were paid attention to. You are chatting nonstop at the lessons; I'm fed up with it.
I was nearly tickled to death when I understood that such nasty and self-enamoured pressmen were always left holding the bag. The devil will pay for these manuscripts but, at any price, I'll try to find out when this wonderful town was found. Haven't you already learnt so far why the Brain Drain is taking place in our country? You are behind the times if you are still out of the swim and don't know that she is in the family way/she is pregnant.
The same thing is always being repeated to me! I'm always repeating to you the same thing! Have you repeated all the rules yet? Have you already repeated everything? This thing is repeated to you from day to day for nothing, isn't it? He promised he would have reviewed all from the beginning to the end before the exam. If you can't repeat everything I've just told, I'll teach you a lesson.
Урок 38
My congratulations! Your book has been published! This information was published not long ago though; we decided to turn to new facts before we were forbidden to work in this field. It isn't worth getting fresh with your co-workers even if your book has already been published and has caused a sensation. I get cold feet when I see that heaven and earth have been moved in my house, nevertheless my book hasn't been published yet.
His car was damaged badly during the accident a few weeks ago and after that he began to be religious about driving. Since childhood I've been religious about everything that deals with healthy way of life. You can't feel strongly about his plans, can you? He does nothing in fact and just goes through emotions but to tell the truth, very skillfully.
To tell the truth, I don't feel strong about our government because it just goes through emotions and keeps on taking care of its interest.
He never keeps his temper and always vents his bad spirit on unprotected and meek/ mild beings. We have never been allowed to vent our bad spirit on buyers. We are never allowed to vent our bad spirit on freshmen. If I get fresh with you and vent my bad spirit on you, you will feel sorry for it!
I seldom pay attention to passers-by. I'm seldom paid attention to. I've just paid attention to that handsome young man who is standing by the window and going through emotions. I'm so happy: I've been paid attention to! Why am I never paid attention to? I had paid attention to her before she began to tell about her problems. You have been paid attention to since birth. You were paid attention to at the competition, which took place in Moscow last year.
Урок 39
He always plays up to teachers. He always tried to keep up with the Joneses and played up to the rich. Judging by her step and way of behaving she tends to keep to herself nevertheless she is considered a big shot and she is always played up to.
Tramps are always offended and abased. You have been offending me since I came into this room. Hardly had I opened the mouth when I got it in the neck, honestly speaking, no offence intended though. If you offend him, I'll understand that you have taken a turn for the worse.
I can't keep up with fashion because I don't earn enough. This money had been earned honestly before he was accused of stealing. It looks as if you took a turn for the better: last year you earned a lot of money and spent everything on charity, didn't you?
Урок 40
1. She was fascinated by original beauty of this ancient town. He had been fascinated by her lovely voice before he saw her. He has just confessed that he is fascinated by you. He said to his parents that he was fascinated by that young lady and was going to marry her as soon as he had worked his way up.
The stories about your life made an impression on me. Do you like to make an impression on unknown people? Jump at the chance and try to make an impression on all these people. In spite of the fact she was out of shape, she made an impression on all the men in our yard, well, just, one of those things. She is good at making impression on teachers. In my opinion, she is out of her mind as the story about your out-of-pocket expenses has made an impression on her.
I like to watch children. Look out, to my mind, we are being watched. Don't worry, we haven't been watched since we left that town: out of sight, out of mind. I had been watched for 5 month before I was offered the leading role in this film. She was surprised and disappointed when she understood that she was being watched. Will you be watching me the whole of my lifetime?
Урок 41
The medicine will be prescribed for you if you see no objection to it. If you don't prescribe a medicine for me, I won't feel fit. After the medicine had been prescribed for me I felt like a new person. He promised that he would prescribe a medicine which from rumors cures most of the known diseases. If the medicine that you need is prescribed for you, I'll follow the example and go to the doctor.
Tomorrow all the problems will be solved and you will feel like a million dollars. I hope, I've solved your problem by the beginning of the school year; it has nothing to do with me though. Follow your heart, please, don't feel shy and see her home, and then all your problems will be solved for sure. Have you already solved all your problems? If you have solved all your problems before departure, I'll come to see you off.
I'm comparing your papers at the moment. We are being compared now. He told that we were being compared then. I hoped we wouldn't be compared. If we are compared, we refuse to cooperate. Two pretenders to work at our firm had been compared for long before on of them was offered a prestige post in the end. I can't compare you: you have nothing in common. Yesterday I was able to compare these two pictures.
Урок 42
I feel like drinking. This cup has never been drunk out of. As soon as you drink this invigorative coffee, you will go with a run. Beer is usually drunk while fooling about. If you pick me up, we'll have time to drink Georgian wine. She promised we would have time to drink real Georgian wine if we picked her up on the way to the airport. He has been drinking little lately. White wine is usually drunk while eating fish.
I'll try to outline the plan of our actions providing I'm listened to carefully and I am not interrupted, otherwise I can become mad/wild. When we were listening to you, we understood that the way of your speech fit the situation fully. Sometimes we are listened to indifferently and our last appearance just screwed me up.
I smile at people very often. When a person has a run of luck, he always smiles at everybody. I'm very upset: my close friend has been out of the run, has stopped smiling, on the whole, he has lost a taste of life.
Урок 43
Our house is not far from the supermarket and, it goes without saying, it's comfortable, especially if you run the house on your own, single-handed. To begin with, he tried to find out were my school was situated. Do you know where a new supermarket will be situated?
It's very unpleasant to run across the beggary in the pedestrian subway or in the Metro carriage. Unfortunately, the beggars are always run across on the way to work in the mornings. How often do you meet the beggary in passenger traffic?
This movie was restored a few years ago but the quality of the film leaves much to be desired. I can restore my English in a few weeks if you run my house in turn. He didn't manage to restore his English in such a short space of time and it's for the better, because he understood that one should not go in for music, in for sport and take course in English at the same time.
He is a wonderful person: he is handy with everything and he has dry humor, so he is often looked at with surprise. I was looked at the very moment when I was going to raise a hand and ask a question.
Why do you never look at me? Don't wonder if you are looked at with distrust. To my mind, it's normally to seek fortune but for some reason I'm looked down on. 5. It's the second time we've rebuilt our school. It's the second time the school has been rebuilt. This house had been rebuilt before we moved here. This church has been rebuilt so many times that I can't imagine how it looked in the beginning. Will this house have been rebuilt by the anniversary of our town? He wondered if the school building would have been rebuilt by the anniversary of our town.
Урок 44
I'm an early riser and I usually run through the newspapers at breakfast-time. He was running through the newspapers when he was asked to answer a phone call. There is nothing like rest at sea where you can do nothing from morning till evening, laze in the sun and hardly ever run through the newspapers. Have you run through morning newspapers yet? He promised he would have run through the newspapers before he went to work. I was amazed when I run through the newspapers and found out that my feature simply hadn't been printed.
He is deeply attached to his kids so he dedicates all his books just to them. Have any poems ever been dedicated to you? She confessed it was the first time that such lovely poems had been dedicated to her. She was amazed when she learnt that these famous lines were dedicated to her great grandmother. For a change, dedicate these poems to your first teacher.
We are always glad to see a new person at our place, no matter what kind of hobby a person has. Are you keen on fishing? He was keen on jogging in youth. You need change of scene and if you are keen on underwater swimming, I advise you to apply to a tourist agency.
I often show tricks. I'm seldom shown on TV. Have you been shown their usual trick yet? Have you shown your usual trick to this refined audience yet? He wondered if I had already shown my famous trick. Unfortunately, I had been shown on TV before I came home from work. Will you have been shown on TV before we leave for work? He didn't expect he would be shown on TV the next day. This film has been shown on TV for a few months. When were you shown on TV? This movie will be shown on TV tomorrow at 5.
Our school is much spoken about. Our school hasn't been spoken about since an arguable article about it was printed in the newspaper. Our school will be spoken about till it exists. What is being spoken about your school at the moment? What was being spoken about our school when you turned on the radio? What is usually spoken about our school? Our school will be spoken about when you enter the hall. It's the first time our school has been spoken about on TV. Our school will have been spoken about before the news begins.
Порядок слов в повествовательном предложении.
Предложение — это сочетание слов, выражающее законченную мысль. Отношения между словами в разных языках выражаются по-разному.
В русском языке связь слов в предложении выражается в основном окончаниями слов, поэтому изменение порядка слов в предложении не изменяет его смысла.
Мальчик кормит собаку. Собаку кормит мальчик. Кормит мальчик собаку.
В английском языке отношения между членами предложения выражаются главным образом при помощи строго определенного порядка слов. Поэтому перестановка слов в предложении в английском языке может привести не только к изменению смысла предложения, но и к полной бессмыслице. Если в предложении The boy is feeding the dog (мальчик кормит собаку) поменять местами слова the dog и the boy, то смысл предложения изменится, и уже не мальчик будет кормить собаку, а собака мальчика — The dog is feeding the boy.
Из примера видно, что в английском языке именно порядок слов указывает на то, как связаны между собой слова в предложении.
Для английского предложения характерен следующий порядок слов:
Подлежащее (кто действует?) — мальчик — the boy сказуемое (что делает?) — кормит — is feeding дополнение (на кого направлено действие?) — собаку — the dog
Обстоятельства (места, времени, образа действия и т. д.) обычно располагаются после дополнения.
Мальчик кормит собаку (где?) во дворе («во дворе» — обстоятельство места). The boy is feeding the dog in the yard.
Мальчик кормит собаку (как?) с удовольствием
(«с удовольствием» — обстоятельство образа действия).
The boy is feeding the dog with pleasure.
Мальчик кормит собаку (когда?) каждое утро («каждое утро» — обстоятельство времени). The boy feeds the dog every morning.
Обстоятельство времени может стоять и в начале предложения.
Every morning the boy feeds the dog.
Если в конце предложения встретились обстоятельство места и обстоятельство времени, то обстоятельство места обычно стоит перед обстоятельством времени.
Мальчик кормит собаку во дворе каждое утро.
The boy feeds the dog in the yard every morning.
Если в конце предложения встретились несколько обстоятельств, то обычно они располагаются в следующем порядке:
обстоятельство образа действия (как?)
обстоятельство места (где?) протекает действие обстоятельство времени (когда?)
Мальчик с удовольствием кормит собаку каждое утро. The boy feeds the dog with pleasure every morning.
Мальчик с удовольствием кормит собаку во дворе.
The boy feeds the dog with pleasure in the yard.
Каждое утро мальчик с удовольствием кормит собаку во дворе.
The boy feeds the dog with pleasure in the yard every morning.
В английском языке грамматические отношения между словами выражаются не только определенным порядком слов, но и при помощи предлогов. В русском языке отношения слов, передаваемые в английском языке предлогами, выражаются соответствующими падежами.
1. Предлог of, стоящий между двумя существительными, передает грамматические отношения, выраженные в русском языке родительным падежом (кого? что?):
Она забыла план (чего?) выступления. She forgot the plan of the speech.
2. Предлог to перед существительным передает отношения, выраженные в русском языкедательным падежом:
Она показала план выступления (кому?) учительнице. She showed the plan of the speech to the teacher.
Однако отношения между словами, выраженные в русском языке дательным падежом, могут выражаться и беспредложным способом: для этого существительное, стоящее в русском языке в дательном падеже, в английском языке должно стоять сразу же после сказуемого — She showed the teacher the plan of the speech.
3. Предлог by перед существительным, обозначающим действующий предмет или действующее лицо, передает отношения, выраженные в русском языке творительным падежом (кем? чем?):
Много деревьев было уничтожено (чем?) огнем. Many trees were destroyed by the fire. Много деревьев было уничтожено людьми. Many trees were destroyed by people.
4. Предлог with перед существительным, обозначающим орудие действия, передает отношения, выраженные в русском языке творительным падежом:
Я люблю писать (чем?) карандашом. I like to write with a pencil.
Необходимо учитывать все эти закономерности, чтобы правильно переводить предложения с русского на английский.
to make made made делать to mean meant meant означать, иметь в виду to meet met met встречаться to pay paid paid платить to put put put положить to read read read читать to ride rode ridden ездить верхом to ring rang rung звонить to rise rose risen подниматься to say said said сказать to see saw seen видеть to sell sold sold продавать to send sent sent послать to shake shook shaken трясти to show showed shown показывать to shut shut shut закрывать to sing sang sung петь to sink sank sunk тонуть to sit sat sat сидеть to sleep slept slept спать to speak spoke spoken говорить to spend spent spent тратить to split split split раскалываться to spread spread spread простираться, распространяться to stand stood stood стоять to stick stuck stuck вонзать, прокалывать, клеить to steal stole stolen красть to swear swore sworn клясться, ругаться to swim swam swum плавать to take took taken брать, отводить to teach taught taught учить(преподавать)
to tell told told рассказывать to think thought thought думать to throw threw thrown бросать to understand understood understood понимать to wake woke woken просыпаться to wear wore worn носить одежду to win won won выигрывать to write wrote written писать
А
абсолютно — absolutely, perfectly авария — a damage (повреждение); a crash авиац.; an accident (несчастный случай)
автобус — a bus автор — an author адвокат — a lawyer акварельные краски — water-colours аккуратно — neatly, smartly активный — active английская грамматика — English grammar античный — antique, ancient, classical аренда — rent арифметическая задача — a sum артист — an actor археологическая — archaeological Б
бабушка — a grandmother; a grandma, a granny банда — a gang; a band бардак — complete chaos бег трусцой — jogging бегло — fluently бедный — poor без гроша — penniless без посторонней помощи — single-handed без сомнения — no doubt, surely безалаберный — disorganised бездельничать — to idle; to do nothing беззащитный — defenseless, unprotected безмозглый — brainless, stupid безобразие — 1) только ед. ugliness; deformity (уродство);
(беспорядок, бесчинство) disgrace, scandal, disgraceful/shocking things;
разг.: что за безобразие! — it's disgraceful! it's scandalous! это просто безобразие — it's simply a disgrace/scandal безостановочно — non-stop безответный — meek, mild безработица — unemployment безрассудный — thoughtless, unreasonable безумно — madly белое — white беременная — pregnant бесить — to drive wild беспорядок — disorder, mess; беспорядки — disorders библиотека — a library битый час — for a good hour благодарность — thanks благодаря нему — thanks to him; because of him благородный — noble, generous благотворительность — charity, philanthropy близкие друзья — close friends близкие родственники — near relations близко от — not far from блюдо — 1) (посуда) a dish 2) (кушанье) dish; course богатая — rich, wealthy богачи — the rich; the wealthy бодрый — cheerful, bright бодрящий — invigorative боевые искусства — martial arts болезнь — sickness, illness; a disease болеть за (кого-то) — to be a fan (of); to support болтать — to chat болтать без умолку — to chat nonstop болтливая — talkative болтушка — a chatter-box больше не — any more большинство — majority; most (of)
большой — 1) big; large (о неодушевленных предметах);
большой промежуток — wide interval;
большое число — great/large number;
2)(значительный, выдающийся) — great;
(важный) — important;
разг. (взрослый) — grown-up;
большой палец — thumb (на руке); big toe (на ноге);
большой спорт — big-time sports;
большая буква — capital letter бояться собак — to be afraid of dogs брат — a brother
Брауны (семья Браунов) — the Browns бредовая идея — a crazy idea бродяга — a tramp бросать (курить) — to give up (smoking)
будить — to wake, to awaken, to call будущее — the future бульварная литература — cheap novels бунтующая — rebellious буря — a storm буря восторгов — a storm of cheers бывший — ex-быстро — fast, quickly, rapidly, with speed быть в гостях — to be a guest of smb. быть в отпуске — to be on leave быть в плохом настроении — to be out of humor, to be in a bad mood; to be out of sorts разг. приходить в плохое настроение — to get into a bad mood быть в разводе — to be divorced быть в ссоре — to be at odds with smb.
быть в хорошем настроении — to be in a good mood; to be in good spirits быть влюбленной — to be in love with somebody быть готовым — to be ready быть замужем за — to be married to somebody быть изумленным — to be amazed быть на седьмом небе от счастья — to be in the seventh heaven, to be on cloud nine быть расположенным — to be located, to be situated, to be бюро занятости — employment office В
в автобусе — on a bus в алфавитном порядке — in alphabetical order в виду моей постоянной занятости — as I am always busy в детстве — in childhood, as a child в духе — in the spirit of smb./smth.
в качестве преподавателя — as a teacher в конце концов — in the end, after all в котором часу — what time в крайнем случае — as a last resort в магазине — in the shop в общем — generally speaking в оригинале — in the original в последний раз — for the last time в противном случае — otherwise в самую жару — in the very heat в частности — in particular в этой области — in this field в юности — in youth вагон — a carriage важный — important вам кажется — it seems to you вам следует сделать это — you should do it вдруг — suddenly
Веди себя хорошо! — Behave yourself!
ведь — 1) (дело в том, что) you see, you know; why; after all;
она все покупает новые платья, ведь она очень богата — she is always buying new dresses — she is very rich, you know; ведь он знаток — he is an expert, you see; 2) (не правда ли?) is it not? will you not?; is it? will you? (при отрицании) ведь он дома? — He is at home, isn't he? ведь уже поздно? — It is late, isn't it? ведь это неправда? — It is not true, is it?
везунчик — a lucky fellow великий — great великодушный — generous; noble великолепно — splendidly великолепный — fine, splendid, excellent велосипед — a bicycle; a cycle, a bike разг. верить — to believe верное решение — right/correct decision вернуться — to return; to come back; to get back, to be back вертится на кончике языка — to have something on the tip of one's tongue веселый — merry весна — spring вести потише — to be quiet вести себя — to conduct oneself, to behave вести себя плохо — to misbehave вести себя хорошо — to behave вечеринка — a party вещи — things взбешенный — furious взволнованный — excited взять интервью — to take an interview взять себя в руки — to pull oneself together видно — obviously, evidently вино — wine виновен — guilty висеть на телефоне — to hang on the phone включать в себя — to include (in) вкусненькое — delicious вкусно — tasty влюбиться — to fall in love (with)
вмешиваться в чужие дела — to interfere in other people's business вначале — at first, in the beginning внезапно — suddenly
Внимание! — Attention!; look out! mind!
внимательно — carefully внук, внучка — a grandchild; внуки — grandchildren внятно — distinctly во время — during, at the time of во время матча — during a game во всяком случае — at any rate; at any case вовсе не — not at all вода — water, водопроводная вода — tap water водить машину — to drive военный — a military man вождение — driving воздух — air возиться на кухне — to potter about in the kitchen возлюбленный — a lover, a sweetheart возможно — perhaps возмутительно — disgusting!; disgraceful!; shocking!
война — war войти в — to get in волноваться из-за — to worry about волосы — hair вообще — generally, in general (в общем); on the whole вообще не (совсем) — at all, употребляется в конце предложения:
он вообще не придет — he won't come at all вооруженные до зубов — armed to the teeth воплощать в жизнь — to realize вопрос — a question; a matter (дело); an issue (предмет спора, обсуждения);
a problem (проблема) ворваться — to rush in(to); burst (into) воспитывать — to bring up воспринимать — to perceive восстановить — to restore восторг — delight восторженный — enthusiastic восхитительный — lovely восхищение — admiration, delight вот так! — that's the way! that's right! впервые — for the first time, first враг — an enemy врач — a doctor вред — harm время — time все дни напролет — all days long все необходимое — everything necessary
Все, решено! — That's settled!
все-таки — nevertheless, (but) still, for all that, all the same, however вскоре — soon, presently, before long, shortly after вскоре после этого — a short time later, shortly afterwards вслух — aloud вставать, встать — to get up встать с постели — to get out of bed встретить во второй раз — to meet somebody the second time всякий хлам — all sorts of rubbish; stuff вчерашний — yesterday's, of yesterday, last night's выбиться из сил — to wear oneself out выбор — a choice; an option выводить кого-нибудь из себя — to make somebody angry выводы правительственной комиссии — the conclusion of government commission выглядеть — to look выглядеть великолепно — to look fine выглядывать из — to look out выгнать — to turn out, to drive out выгода — an advantage, profit, gain (прибыль); a interest выгодное предложение — a profitable suggestion выдающийся — outstanding выдержка из статьи — an extract from the article вызывать (являться причиной, быть причиной) — to cause выйти замуж — to marry; to get married выйти из машины — to get out of a car выйти на пенсию — to retire on a pension, to be pensioned off выключать — to turn off; to switch off;
выключать свет — to turn off; to switch off the light выкрутиться — to get out of a difficulty выпендриваться — to show off выписать лекарство — to prescribe a medicine выполнять — to carry out, to fulfil, to realize выполнять задание — to do an assignment выпрямиться — to draw oneself up выпускник — graduate, graduating student, final-year student выражать неудовольствие — to complain вырасти — to grow высмеивать — to make fun (of) высококлассный специалист — a top-specialist высокомерно — lordly, with a high hand выставлять в музее — to exhibit выступление — appearance (публичное); performance (на сцене);
statement (заявление); speech (речь) высшее учебное заведение — academy выхлопные газы — exhaust gas выяснилось — it turned out выяснить — to find out Г
гадость — an ugly thing газета — a newspaper гениальный — genius (о человеке); great (о творении и т. п.) главная роль — key role, leading role, title role глупо — foolishly, stupidly глупости — nonsense! stuff and nonsense! rubbish!
глупый — silly говорить глупости — to talk rubbish говорить по телефону — to speak on the telephone/phone голодный — hungry голос — a voice город — town; city (большой город) горячий — hot готовить — to cook; готовить завтрак — to make breakfast готовиться к экзамену — to get ready, to prepare (for) the exam грабитель — a robber; a burglar (взломщик)
греметь — to thunder гром — thunder грубо — roughly грузинское — Georgian грустный — sad грязный — dirty гуманитарные науки — the humanities
Д
давать денег взаймы — to lend money давать на чай — to tip давать советы — to counsel, to advise, to give advice давать что-то кому-то — to give something to somebody давно — long ago дамские романы — love stories дать (получить) по шее — to give (to get) in the neck дать обещание — to make a promise дать совет — to give advice, to give a piece of advice дача — cottage две пары часов — two watches двоюродная сестра — a cousin двоюродный брат — a cousin дедушка — a grand-dad; a grandpa(pa) действие — an action действительно — really, actually, truly, indeed, in fact делать предложение — to propose to делать укол — to give an injection дело (юрид.) — a case демонстрировать — to demonstrate день рождения — birthday деньги — money дерево — a tree дерево (материал) — wood держать за руку — to hold smb. by the hand дерзкое — insolent детектив — a detective story дети — children, kids; babies детство — childhood дешево — cheaply дешевый — cheap диван — a divan, a sofa, a couch; a settee дипломная работа — degree work/thesis/research директор — a principal, a headmaster диссертация — a dissertation; thesis до конца — completely добиться успеха — to achieve a success, to succeed in добраться до — to reach, to get to добродушный — good-natured, good-humoured добросовестный — conscientious доверить свои тайны кому-л. — to take smb. into one's confidence, to let smb. into one's secrets
доверчивый — trusting, trustful довольно — quite, rather довольный — pleased «дождить» — to rain доказать — to prove; to demonstrate (наглядно) документы — documents, papers долгожданная — long-awaited, long-expected должность — a post, a position, a job домосед — a stay-at home дополнительная — additional, extra дополнительная плата — extra payment дополнительный заработок — extra earnings допрашивать — to examine, to question дорога — a road дорого — dearly дорожно-транспортное происшествие — an accident достаточно (довольно) — enough достичь — to achieve достойный — worthy дочь — a daughter драгоценности — jewelry драться — to fight другой — other, another, different дружелюбно — friendly, kindly дружелюбный — friendly дружить — to be friends (with) дядя — an uncle Е
еда — food елка — a fir(-tree)
ему все равно — he doesn't care ерунда — nonsense, rot, rubbish если… то… — if… then…
естественно — naturally ехать на большой скорости — to go at high speed еще (для усиления в разных значениях напр. «еще до восхода солнца») — ever еще какая-то — another еще раз — once more; once again Ж
жадный — greedy жалеть — to pity; to feel sorry (for) жаловаться — to complain (of, about) жалость — pity жара — heat, hot weather жаркий — hot жарко — it is hot ждать автобуса — to wait for a bus ждать часами — to wait for hours железнодорожный вокзал — a railway station желтая пресса — yellow press жена — a wife живо — vividly жизнь — life житель — an inhabitant, a resident, мн. people, population жить на зарплату — to live on one's salary (earnings)
журнал — a magazine; a journal журналист — a journalist, a pressman жуткий — terrible З
за короткий срок — in a short space of time забавная — funny забег — a round заболеть — to begin to ache, to ache забор — a fence заботиться — to care (for), to take care (of); to look after забрать — to take away забывать — to forget завидовать — to envy; to be envious/jealous (of) зависеть — to depend on зависимый — dependent (on) завистливый — envious заводить — to start (мотор); to wind up (часы)
завтракать — to have breakfast заглянуть — to have a look (at)
заговорить — to begin to speak загорать — to become sunburnt / brown заграница — abroad загрязнять — to pollute задача — a problem заехать за кем-нибудь — to pick up зайти к кому-нибудь — to go/come (to), to call (on), to visit заканчиваться — to end, to be over, to come to the end, to close замечательный — great замечать — to notice замкнутый — reserved замок — a castle замученная — exhausted заниматься — to study заниматься исследованиями — to do research заниматься на полную катушку — to work hard заниматься наукой — to be a scientist заниматься чем-нибудь — to do something зануда — a bore занятия — classes занятой — busy занятость — being busy; pressure of work записать — to write down заплатить за — to pay for запрещать — to forbid, to prohibit,
зарабатывать — to earn зараза — an infection заранее — beforehand, in advance зарекомендовать — to show oneself зарплата — wages мн. (рабочих); salary, pay (служащих)
зарплата побольше — a bigger salary заслуживать — to deserve заснуть — to fall asleep заставить что-то сделать — to make do something застенчивый — shy застой — stagnation зато — but заторможенная — slow coach заучивать — to memorize, to learn by heart захрапеть — to begin to snore защитить диссертацию — to defend a thesis защищать от — to defend from заядлый курильщик — a heavy smoker звать — to call звонить — 1) (о звонке, телефоне, будильнике и т. п.) to ring; 2) (кому-л.) to (tele)phone звук — a sound звучит заманчиво — it sounds delicious здание — building здоровая — healthy здоровый образ жизни — a healthy way of life здоровье — health злить — to make angry, to irritate злой — wicked знакомый — an acquaintance; a friend зря — for nothing, to no purpose, И
и вообще — generally, in general, on the whole (в целом) и… и — both…and играть — to play играть в теннис (футбол, шахматы, карты — то есть любые игры)
— to play tennis (football, chess, cards) играть на сцене — to act on the scene играть на фортепиано (на флейте, на скрипке, на гитаре, — то есть на музыкальном инструменте) — to play the piano (the flute, the violin, the guitar) игрушки — toys идиот — an idiot, a stupid one идти на поводу — to follow smb.'s tastes идти пешком — to go on foot, to walk идти следом — to follow smb.; close(ly) из провинции — from province известный — known извиняться — to make excuses, to apologise to извиняться (перед) — to apologize to smb.
извиняться за что-то — to apologise for издавать — to publish излечивать — to cure изменение — change измученный — exhausted, worn out изо дня в день — from day to day или — or именно — just; exactly, in particular иметь отношение к — to have a direct bearing on, to be directly relevant to иметь против — to (have) object(ion; to), to mind инженер — an engineer иностранец — a foreigner иностранный — foreign интересно — I wonder интересоваться модой — to be interested in fashion интересоваться музыкой — to be interested in music интересоваться политикой — to be interested in politics интересоваться спортом — to be interested in sport интересоваться чем-либо — to be interested in something искать — to look for; to seek искусно — skilfully искусство — art военное искусство — military art, art of war, soldier ship народное искусство — folk art торговец произведениями искусства — art dealer абстрактное искусство — abstract art, abstractionism античное искусство — antique art современное искусство — modern art боевое искусство — martial art изобразительные искусства — fine arts изящные искусства — fine arts произведение искусства — a work of art испортить — to spoil испугаться — to be frightened (of)
испытать — 1) (проверять) to try, to test; 2) (ощущать) to experience, to feel испытывать боль в животе — to have a stomachache испытывать боль в спине — to have a backache испытывать боль в ушах — to have an earache испытывать головную боль — to have a headache испытывать зубную боль — to have a toothache исследование — research исторический — historical история (рассказ) — a story К
к приходу — by coming к сожалению — unfortunately, I'm afraid к тому же — as well кабинет — a study каверзный — tricky; ticklish каждый божий день — every day of the week казаться — to seem как — how как минимум (по крайней мере) — at least как следует — properly, duly; downright, thoroughly разг.; as it should be как только это будет возможно — when possible, when it is possible,
when there's a possibility какая-нибудь — some; any канал (тлв.) — channel картина — a picture; a painting карьера — career кататься на велосипеде — to cycle, to go for a cycle ride католические страны — Catholic countries качественные продукты — high-quality food квартира — a flat кино — a cinema кинозвезда — a filmstar кинуть в — to throw at somebody ключи — keys когда — when когда ему исполнится 40 лет — when he is 40 когда ссоримся (во время ссоры) — while quarrelling когда я был ребенком — as a child кожа — skin коллекция — a collection комар — a mosquito коммунисты — communists комната — a room компания — a company комплекс неполноценности — inferiority complex компоненты — ingredients конечно — of course конкурс — a competition копить деньги — to save up кормить — to feed король — a king коронный номер — best-known number (выступающего); one's usual trick разг.
короткая стрижка — haircut, cut, hairstyle, hairdo; мужская стрижка «ежик» — crew-cut коснуться — to touch костер — a (camp)fire кость — bone который — which кофе — coffee кража — stealing красивый — beautiful красить — to paint краски — colours красота — beauty кресло — an armchair крик — a cry критиковать — to criticize; to find fault (with)
кричать — to cry, to shout; to scream, to yell (пронзительно)
кричать друг на друга — to shout at each other кулуары — lobby купить на ужин — to buy for supper курение — smoking курить — to smoke куча народу — a lot of people Л
ладить — to get on (with) разг.; to be on good terms (with); to agree (with)
лекарство — medicine, drug; лекарство, которое вам нужно — the medicine that you need лениться — to be lazy, to be idle лентяй — an idler, a lazy person лесник — a forester летать на самолете — to travel by air лечить — to treat (medically)
лидер — a leader литератор — a literary man лихо (с легкостью) — with great ease личная жизнь — private life лично — personally, in person личность — a personality лишь — just любимчик — a favourite любимый — 1) beloved, loved, dear 2) (предпочитаемый) favourite любитель (непрофессионал) — an amateur любительский — amateur люди — people
М
малейшее — the slightest маленький — little, small мама — ma, mum, mummy, mommy, mother манера держаться — the way of behaving манна небесная — manna from heaven медленно — slowly медсестра — a nurse мельчайшие — the smallest мерзкий — nasty, loathsome место жительства — the place of residence место назначения — destination, destination point, the place of destination месяц — a month мечтать о — to dream (of)
мечтать о том, чтоб стать кинозвездой — to dream of being a filmstar мешать (беспокоить) — to bother; to disturb милый — nice миниатюрные — miniature министр — a minister мириться — 1) помириться — to make it up (with smb.),
2) примириться (терпимо относиться к чему-л.) to put up with, to bear with мирный — peace мне кажется — it seems to me, I think, in my opinion, to my mind мне обычно требуется много времени — it usually takes me a lot of time мне скучно — I am bored мне страшно — I'm afraid/terrified, I fear много народу — many people, a large number of people модные вещи — fashionable, stylish things может быть — may be молния — a lightning; удар молнии — a thunderbolt молодежный — youth молодежь — youth, young people молодожены — married couple молодость — youth молочная каша — milk porridge монета — a coin мороженое — ice(-)cream мрачный — gloomy муж — a husband музей — a museum музыкант — a musician мультики — cartoons мучить — to worry мы все — all of us мыльная опера — a soap opera мыть посуду — to wash up, to wash the dishes
Н
на бегу — running на вечеринке — at the party на вступительных экзаменах — during entrance examinations на даче — out of town; in the country на заработки — in search of a job на заседании — at the meeting на званный обед — to the dinner party на каждом углу — at every corner на карнавал — for carnival на кухне — in the kitchen на небе — in the sky на окраине — outskirts на первый взгляд — at first sight на пляже — on the beach на рынке — in the market на самом деле — in fact на следующий день — the next day на соревнованиях — at games на улице — in the street; (вне дома) out of doors; outside, outdoors на уроках — at the lessons на уроках физики — at physics lessons на этих днях — these days на юге — in the South наблюдать за — to watch наверняка — for sure, certainly навести макияж — to make up, to beautify oneself навещать — to visit; to call on; to come to see нагнетать панику — to force panic награждать — to reward (with); to decorate (with), to award название — a name; an appellation; a title (книги) наказывать — to punish наконец — 1) at last, eventually, lastly, finally; 2) in the end (в конце концов); 3) after all накормить — to feed наличные — cash наложить отпечаток — to leave an imprint нанимать на работу — to employ напевать — to sing напоминать — to remind about нарисовать — 1) to draw; to paint (красками); 2) перен. (представлять себе) to picture нарушать — to disturb; to break наряды — smart clothes настаивать на — to insist (on/upon doing smth.);
(упорствовать) to persist (in doing smth.);
(добиваться) to press (for) настать — to come, to begin настойчиво — hard настоящий — true, real наступать — to come; to begin наступить (наступила зима) — to be in (winter is in) наступление — coming наталкиваться — to come across, to run across натуральное молоко — liquid milk наука — science; это тебе наука (разг.) — let this be a lesson to you научиться — to learn научная работа — scientific work писать научную работу — to do a paper научные изыскания — research находить — to find; to discover (открывать)
начало — beginning не о чем волноваться — there is nothing to worry about не отрываясь — without rest; nonstop небрежное — careless невезучие — the luckless невиновен — innocent невкусная — tasteless невоспитанные — ill-mannered недавно — recently, not long ago; lately недоверие — distrust недостаточно — it is not enough независимый — independent незнакомый — unknown (to), unfamiliar (to); strange нелепая — odd; ridiculous нельзя (не следует) — one should not немедленно — at once ненависть — hatred необходимый — necessary, essential необыкновенный — unusual, uncommon; extraordinary непонимание — misunderstanding непредвиденный — unforeseen неприязнь — dislike неприятно — it's very unpleasant нервничать — to be/feel nervous несбыточное — unrealizable несколько — a few, some, several несмотря на — in spite of, despite несмотря на то, что — in spite of the fact that несмотря на это — in spite of this нести чепуху, болтать о всякой ерунде — to talk rubbish несчастный случай — an accident нет необходимости — there is no need (for/to)
неудачник — an unlucky fellow/person неудовольствие — displeasure неуравновешенный — unbalanced ни… ни… — neither…nor; при этом отрицание «не» при глаголе на англ. язык не переводится
(ни он, ни она не будут там — neither he nor she will be here) никто — nobody; no one; none никудышный — good-for-nothing, worthless, useless нищий — a beggar новейшее — the newest; the latest (последний); modern, up-to-date новогодний — New Year's новости — news; новость — news; a piece of news новый материал — new material нож — knife нормально — normally носовой платок — (hand)kerchief ночной — night нравиться — to like ну что ж — well нуждаться — to need; to be in need of нужный — necessary нынешняя — present, today's ныть — to moan няня — a nurse О
оба — both обвинение — accusation, charge обвинять — to accuse (of), to blame (for)
обвинять в преступлении — to criminate обдумать — to think over обедать — to have dinner обеспечить — to provide (with) обеспокоенный — worried обещать — to promise обжечь — to burn обзывать(ся) — to call names обида — an offence обижать — to offend (smb.) облако — a cloud облезлый — mangy; shabby; bare обманывать — to deceive, to cheat; to trick обнаружить — to find out обозримое будущее — the foreseeable future оборудование — equipment обратиться в — to apply to обратиться к врачу — to consult the doctor обращать внимание — to pay attention (to); to take notice (of), to notice обращаться по поводу работы — to apply for a job обращаться с кем-нибудь — to treat to somebody обслуживать — to serve обслуживающий персонал — staff обстоятельства — circumstances обсуждать — to discuss; to talk over разг. общаться — to communicate with; to mix (with) общественный транспорт — passenger traffic общество — company; society общительный — sociable объявить — to declare объяснить — to explain; объяснять кому-то — to explain to smb.
обыкновенный — ordinary/average огонь — fire ограбление — robbery огромная — huge; enormous, tremendous огрызаться — to snap at; to shout back at одевать как куколку — to dress like a dolly одевать со вкусом — to dress tastefully одежда — clothes одеть в красное — to dress in red одеться — to get dressed, to dress один (в одиночестве) — alone однажды — once, one day одним словом — in a/one word; in short одно и то же — the same одновременно — at the same time, at one time одобрять — to approve (of)
одолжить — to lend (кому-л.); to borrow (from) (у кого-л.);
озвереть — to become wild, mad окно — a window около — about, approximately около кинотеатра — near the cinema окончание института — graduation окончательно — finally, once and for all окончательное — final, definitive окончить школу — to leave school он быстро соображает — he is quick-witted они не ладят — they don't get on, they are at odds оптимист — an optimist опубликовать — to publish орать — 1) to yell, to scream; 2) (на кого-л.) to shout (at) освободиться — to become free; to get free оскорблять — to offend осматривать — to examine осматривать достопримечательности — to go sight-seeing, to see the sights (of)
осмелиться — to dare основать — to found особенно — especially; particularly осознать — to realize оставить в покое — to leave alone оставлять без присмотра — to leave without care остепениться — to become respectable от обиды — of offence отвлекать — to distract отвратительный — nasty, loathsome отдых на море — the rest at sea отдыхающие — holiday-makers отказываться — to refuse отказываться в получении — to refuse to get откровенно — frankly отличный — excellent, perfect относиться к кому-то — to treat somebody отпуск — vacation; holiday, leave (у служащего)
отрывок — an extract, a passage;
очаровательный — charming, fascinating очаровать — to charm, to fascinate очень — very (при прил. и нареч.); (very) much, greatly (при гл.) очередной — regular очки — glasses ощущение — a feeling П
палец — a finger; a toe (ноги) большой палец руки — a thumb пальто — a (over)coat паникер — a panic-monger, a scare-monger папа — dad парашют — a parachute парикмахер женский — a hairdresser парикмахер мужской — a barber парикмахерская — barber's (shop), hairdresser's пассивный — passive пахнет весной — there is a smell of spring in the air певец — a singer педант — a pedant пенсионер — a pensioner первокурсник — a freshman, a first-year student/man перебегать — to run across перебивать — to interrupt, to break переводчик устный — an interpreter переводчик литературы — a translator переговоры — talks переговоры на высшем уровне — summit talks перед сном — before night
передача — a program передумать — to change one's mind переехать в — to move to переименовывать — to rename, to give a new name перекусить — to have a snack перелет — flight переночевать — to spend the night переодеться — to change, to get changed перестраивать — to rebuild переходить улицу — to cross the street период — a period песня — a song пессимист — a pessimist петь — to sing петь серенады — to sing serenades печальный — sad пиво — beer пилить (в переносном значении) — to nag писатель — a writer, an author, a penman писать диссертацию — to work on the dissertation писать кому-нибудь — to write to somebody пить — to drink плавание — swimming плавать — to swim плакать — to weep, to cry; to sob (навзрыд)
плакать по пустякам — to cry on nothing план — a plan плата за аренду — rent платить — to pay платить зарплату — to pay a salary платить наличными — to pay in cash платить налоги — to pay taxes племянник — a nephew племянница — a niece пленка — a film плохо себя чувствовать — to feel unwell/bad плохой — bad по будням — on week-days по всей видимости — to all appearance(s)
по городу — over the town по крайней мере — at least по почте — by post по радио — on/by the radio, over the air по слухам — from rumors по сути дела — at bottom of fact, as a matter of fact, in point of fact по телевизору — on television побить — to beat поблизости — near here поведение — behaviour, conduct повернуться — to turn повторять — to repeat; to review (урок)
повышение зарплаты — an increase in pay погладить — to iron под дождем — in the rain подавленный — depressed, dispirited подарок — a present, gift подводное — underwater подготовиться к экзамену — to get ready; to prepare (for)
подготовиться как следует — to be ready properly подземный переход — pedestrian subway подлиза — a lickspittle подмести — to sweep поднимать зарплату — to rise pay, salary подноготная — ins and outs поднять руку — to raise one's hand подобный вопрос — such a question подозревать — to suspect (of)
подробно — in detail подробность — a detail подростки — teenagers подруга — a friend подумать хорошенько — to use somebody's mind; to think twice подушка — a pillow подхватить (болезнь) — to catch подходить — 1) (к кому-л./чему-л.; приближаться) to approach; to go / to come / to walk / to step up (to); 2) (кому-л./чему-л.; соответствовать^ suit (быть к лицу); to fit (по размеру); to match (под пару); to be right (for)
подходящий — right подчиненный — subordinate подъехать к — to drive up to поезд ушел (здесь) — he has missed the train поехать на автобусе — to go by bus; на машине — by car;
на метро — by underground, by subway; на поезде — by train; на такси — by a taxi поехать на дачу — to go to the cottage поехать на море — to go to sea пожалеть — to pity; to feel sorry (for)
пожалуйста — please пожениться — to get married пожилые (сущ.) — the aged; people in years пожилые люди — people in years, the old позабыть — to forget (about)
позади себя — behind somebody (me, her, him)
позвать к столу — to invite to table позволять — to allow (to), to permit (to)
поздравительная телеграмма — the telegram of congratulation поздравить с — to congratulate (on) поздравляю — my congratulations! познакомиться — to become acquainted (with)
пойти гулять — to go for a walk, to walk, to stroll, to take a walk/stroll пойти к врачу — to go to the doctor пойти на работу — to go to work пойти на рыбалку — to go fishing пойти пешком — to walk, to go on foot пока (пока что, пока еще) — for the time being, for the time present; пока! разг. — so long! (I'll) see you later, bye-bye покидать — to leave поклонник — an admirer поклясться — to swear покупатели — buyers, purchasers; customers покупка — a purchase; a buying покурить — to have a smoke политик — a politician полицейский — a policeman полностью — completely; fully пол-урока — half a lesson получать прибыль — to get a profit (out of), to receive a profit (from); to profit (by/from)
получить весточку, известие — to hear from помирить — to reconcile (with), to make up with помогать — to help по-моему — in my opinion, according to my opinion, to my mind, to my way of thinking помыть посуду — to wash (to do) the dishes понять — to understand, to comprehend поперхнуться — to choke (over)
поправить прическу — to tidy one's hair поправиться — to put on the weight попытаться — to have a try портной — a dressmaker порядок — order порядочный — honest посвящать — to dedicate to; to devote to после — after после окончания — after finishing после того как — after послезавтра — the day after tomorrow послушайте! — Look here!
послушание — obedience постелить постель — to make the bed постирать — to wash, to do some washing посторонний — stranger постоянная — constant; permanent постоянно — constantly пострадавшие — the injured поступать (вести себя) — to act поступить в музыкальную школу — to enter the music school посылать — to send потерять вкус к жизни — to lose a taste for life потерять из виду — to lose sight (of)
потерять работу — to lose a job потеряться — to get lost потом — then потому что — because потратить — to spend потратить деньги на — to spend money for потрясающий — tremendous, marvelous, fabulous поход — a hike, a walking-tour, an outing, a camping trip походка — a step похоже (на то что) — it looks as if… похудеть — to grow thin, to lose flesh поцелуй — a kiss; посылать воздушные поцелуи — to blow kisses почему-то — for some reason почти — almost почувствовать головокружение — to feel giddy, dizzy почувствовать жалость — to feel pity почувствовать усталость — to get tired поэтому — that's why появиться — to appear права — rights правила поведения — the code of conduct правило — a rule правительство — government правнук — a great-grandchild; правнуки — great-grandchildren праздничный — festive, festal; holiday праздновать — to celebrate превратиться в… — to turn into, to change into; to grow into предки — ancestors; forefathers предложение — an offer; a proposal, a proposition, a suggestion предложить — to offer предложить помощь — to offer help предмет (учебный) — subject предпочитать — to prefer представить (кого-то кому-то) — to introduce (to) представляешь! — fancy that!
представлять себе — to imagine, to picture, to fancy представьте себе — just imagine! Fancy that! предстоящая — (forth)coming предъявлять — to prefer (обвинение) презрение — scorn прекрасный — wonderful прекратить общаться — to drop an acquaintance пренебрежительно — depreciatingly, lightly прервать знакомство — to drop an acquaintance преследовать — to follow пресс-конференция — press conference престижный — prestige; prestigious претендент — a pretender (to)
при нынешней власти — under present power при переводе — while translating при посторонних — in the presence of the strangers прибавка к зарплате — a pay rise прибывать — to arrive прибыль — profit(s), benefit привести в порядок — to put in order, to bring order to smth.
привлекательный — attractive, nice приводить в порядок — to put in order, to bring smb. to his senses;
привозить — to bring привыкать — to get used to; to be used to пригласить на свой день рождения — to invite to one's birthday party приглашать — to invite приглашать на вечеринку — to invite to the party приглашенные — invitee приготовить завтрак — to make dinner приготовление — preparation придираться — to find fault with somebody придумать — to think out, to invent приезжать — to arrive приехать в отель — to arrive at a hotel признаться — to confess прийти в гости — to visit, to pay a visit, to go on a visit, to go to see прикасаться — to touch приличное место — a proper place принимать в (институт) — to admit (to), to accept (for) принимать ванну — to take (to have) a bath принимать душ — to take (to have) a shower принимать лекарство — to take the medicine принимать участие — to take part (in), to participate (in) принять решение — to decide; to take/reach a decision приобретать — to obtain, to get приспособиться — to adjust/adapt oneself (to), to accommodate oneself (to)
приставать (к кому-нибудь) — to stick to приставать (с чем-нибудь) — to nag (with), to bother (with)
притворяться — to pretend (to be), to act притворяться больным — to pretend to be ill притягивать людей — to attract people, to make friends приходить — to come приходить вовремя — to come on time причесаться — to do smb's hair причина — a cause; a reason; a motive проблема — a problem пробовать — 1) (делать что-л.) (пытаться) to try, 2) (что-л.) to taste провалиться на экзамене — to fail in an exam проверять — to examine, to check (up), to control проводить урок — to give a lesson, to conduct a lesson проголодаться — to get hungry программа новостей — the news программист — a programmer прогуливать уроки — to shirk school, to play truant прогуляться — to have a walk продавать — to sell продавец в магазине — a salesman продавец на улице — a vendor продукция — production, output, produce произвести фурор (наделать много шума) — to cause a sensation производить впечатление — to make/create an impression (on, upon)
произношение — pronunciation происходить — to happen; to go on происходить — to take place, to happen, to occur промокнуть — to get wet пропылесосить — to vacuum просить к телефону — to call somebody to phone просматривать газеты — to look through, to run through newspapers проснуться — to wake up-
простейшая — ABC, primary простить — to excuse; to pardon; to forgive просто — just просто шутка — just a joke противный — disgusting, nasty, loathsome прохлада — cool(ness)
проходить мимо — to pass by прохожий — a passer-by прошлое — the past прощать — to forgive, to excuse прыжок — a jump прямо домой — straight home публика — audience; public пустяки — nonsense, nothing, nothingness, small beer пустяки! — (it's) nothing!; never mind!; nonsense! rubbish!
путешествовать — to travel пытаться — to try пьяные — the drunk пятилетний юбилей — a five-year anniversary Р
работа — work, a job работа на несколько часов в день — a part-time job работать над — to work at/on работать над темой — to work at/on the theme работяга — a hard-worker рабочий — working, work равнодушно — indifferently радоваться — to be glad/pleased/happy раз (в значении «если») — if разбираться в чем-нибудь — to know a thing or two of something разбудить — to wake развлекать — to entertain, to amuse разводиться — to get divorced разговоры в кулуарах — lobby talks раздался звонок — the bell rang out разделить на — to divide into раздраженный — irritated разжигать — to light разносить — to deliver разориться — to lose everything разочаровывать — to disappoint разрушать — to destroy рано — early раскалываться — to split расплакаться — to burst into tears, to burst out crying расплачиваться кредиткой — to pay by credit card располагать — to arrange; to place, to put, to set распространять — to spread распространяться — to spread рассвет — dawn рассказывать — to tell расстроенный — sad, upset (эмоционально); (о здоровье) impaired; (о музыкальном инструменте) out of tune рассудительный — wise; reasonable, sensible рассчитывать — to expect расходы составляют — expenses amount to, come to рафинированная публика — refined audience ребенок — a child; an infant; a baby; a kid разг.
ревнивый — jealous регулярно — routinely, regularly режиссер — a director резать — to cut результаты — results рекламировать — to advertise рекомендованные — suggested, recommended религиозный — religious ремонтировать — to repair репетиция — a rehearsal реставрировать — to restore ресторан — a restaurant решать проблему — to solve a problem решительные меры — extraordinary/emergency measures ровесник — a person of the same age; мои ровесники — people of my age ровно в 5 — at 5 o'clock sharp родители — parents родные — relatives, relations родня — folks родственник — a relative; a relation; a kinsman родственники (родня) — kin рожать — to give birth (to), to bear
Рождество — Christmas роль — part, role ругаться — to abuse, to scold ругаться (использовать бранные слова и нецензурные выражения) — to use bad language рукопись — manuscript рыба — fish С
с минуты на минуту — (at) any moment с превеликим удовольствием — with (the greatest) pleasure с самого рождения — from the birth с хорошим концом — with happy end салат — a salad самая красивая — the most beautiful самовлюбленный — self-enamoured самостоятельная работа — a test самостоятельно — independently (независимо);
without assistance, on one's own (без посторонней помощи) самостоятельный — independent; self-dependent самоуверенный — self-confident, self-assured самый — the very самый лучший — the best самый плохой — the worst санаторий — sanatorium, health centre сбережения — savings свадьба — a wedding сведения — information своеобразная — original сдавать экзамен — to go in for an examination, to take an examination; to sit an examination, to do an examination сдать (физически, то есть ослабеть) — to give out сдать работу — to hand сдать экзамен — to pass an exam сделанный из — made of сделать покупки — to do shopping сделать предложение — to propose (marriage) (to)
сдержаться — to control oneself сейчас же — immediately семья — a family сенсационный материал — feature сердитый — angry сердиться — to be(come) angry (with)
сериал — series сестра — a sister; a sissy (амер., разг.) сесть в кресло — to sink into an armchair сесть в машину — to get into a car сесть за стол — to sit down to the table сесть на диету — to keep to a diet сесть на свое место — to take somebody's seat сидеть на диете — to keep to a diet сильно — strongly; violently, heavily, greatly; badly симпатичный — nice симпатяга — a charmer ситуация — a situation скромный — modest скряга — a niggard скучать — 1)to be bored, 2) (по кому-л.; по ком-л.)^ long (for); to miss скучно — dull/boring скучный (испытывающий скуку) — bored скучный (наводящий скуку) — dull, boring следователь — an investigator следовать — to follow следующий — the next следующим летом — next summer слишком — too сложный (трудный) — difficult слоновая кость — ivory случиться — to happen смертный грех — a deadly sin смеяться — 1)to laugh;
2)(над кем-л./чем-л.) — to laugh (at), to make fun (of);
3)(шутить) to jokесмириться с — to put up with смотреть в другую сторону — to look the other way смотреть в окно — to look through the window смотреть свысока — to look down on somebody смотреть телевизор — to watch TV смотреть холодно — to look at, to gaze at coldly снимать «мыльные оперы» — to make soap operas снова — again сногсшибательный — stunning снять — to take away; to take off (об одежде, обуви и т. п.)
со всего света — from all over the world со вчерашнего дня — since yesterday собирать 1) (книги) — to collect; 2) (грибы) — to gather собственная — own совершение преступления — perpetration совершенно — absolutely; totally; quite совершенно не (в значении «вовсе не», «вообще не») — at all
(употребляется в конце предложения). (Она вообще не интересуется искусством — She isn't interested in art at all.) совет — advice советовать — to advise согласиться — to agree сожалеть — 1) (о ком-л.) to pity (smb.), to be sorry (for smb.)
2) (о чем-л.) to regret (smth.) сойти с ума — to go crazy (with) солнце — the sun
Соломоново решение — decision/judgment worthy of Solomon соревнование — competition соседка — a neighbour сослать — to exile, banish сослуживец — a co-worker; a colleague; a fellow-teacher; a fellow-clerk сосредоточиться — to concentrate сотрудник газеты — a contributor сотрудничать — to cooperate (with) спать — to sleep специальное — special, especial; express списывать — to copy off (from); to crib (from)
сплетник — a news-monger сплетничать — to gossip, to talk scandal (злостно)
спокойнее — quieter спокойный — calm, quiet спокойствие — quiet, calm(ness)
спорная — arguable спортсмен — a sportsman справлять — to celebrate; to make (праздник)
сравнивать — to compare (with)
сразу же — at once; right away; straight away средневековый — medieval средство — means ссориться — to quarrel (with)
становится хуже — to get worse, to go from bad to worse старинный — ancient, antique, age-old стать теплее — to become warmer статья — an article стесняться — to feel/be shy/self-conscious/embarrassed стиль — style стихи — poem(s)
стихийное бедствие — natural calamity стихотворение — a poem; a rhyme (короткое)
столетие — 1) a century 2) (годовщина) a centenary стоящие книжки — the right books страдать от чего-нибудь — to suffer (from)
страна — country; land; commonwealth страшно торопиться — to be in a great hurry стрижка — haircut строгость — severity строить — to build строка — a line студент — a student стучать — to knock суд — court сутулиться — to bend сущая ерунда — stuff and nonsense!
существо — creature, being существовать — to exist счастливый — happy счет — a bill сыграть злую шутку — to play a spiteful/malicious/mean joke on somebody сын — a son сюда — here Т
так — so; вот так — like this так и — simply, just…
так как — as такой — such a талантливый — talented, gifted танцевать — to dance тезисы — thesis темнеть — to get dark теннис — tennis теорема — a theorem теперь — now тепло — warm терпимость — tolerance террорист — a terrorist терять — to lose тестирование — testing тетя — 1) an aunt (в соединении с именем пишется с прописной буквы)
2) шутл. woman
3)(о незнакомой женщине — в детском употреблении) ladутихим голосом — in a weak voice то или иное — one or another топ-модель — a top-model торопиться — to hurry, to be in a hurry, to hasten тот самый — the very; right точно! — true!
точные науки — exact sciences транжира — a spender транслировать — to broadcast требовать — to demand (of, from)
тревожиться — to worry, to be anxious/uneasy/worried (about)
тренировать — to train третий — the third трус — a coward тупица — a blockhead туристическая фирма — tourist agency тухлый — rotten, bad тухнуть (о мясе) — to go bad тухнуть (о свете) — to go out туча — a black cloud тушить свет — to put out the light тысяча — a thousand тяжелый — (трудный, утомительный) hard, difficult У
убегать — to run away (from); to escape убрать комнату — to tide up (to clean) the room уважать — to respect, to have respect (for)
уверенный в себе — confident увлекаться — to be keen (on smth.); to take a fancy (to smb.) увольнять — to dismiss; to fire, to give the sack уговорить — to persuade
Угощайтесь! — Help yourself! Help yourselves! (Если гостей двое и больше.)
угощать — to treat (to); to give a treat; (ставить угощение) to stand a treat угрожать — to threaten (with)
удачливый — lucky; successful удивлять — to astonish, to surprise, to amaze удивляться — to wonder удобно — comfortable уехать в — to leave for уехать на каникулы — to go for a holiday ужасный — terrible, horrible, awful ужинать — to have supper узнать — to learn, to get to know уйти на работу — to leave for work указ — a decree, an edict украсть — to steal украшать — to decorate укус — a bite; (насекомого) a sting улитка — a snail улыбаться — to smile; улыбаться счастливой улыбкой — to smile a happy smile;
улыбаться грустной улыбкой — to smile a sad smile;
улыбаться сквозь слезы — to smile through one's tears;
улыбнуться на прощание — to smile farewell улыбаться кому-нибудь — to smile at somebody умница — a clear head Умница! (похвала) — Good for you! умный — clever, smart умываться — to wash унижать — to abase уникальный — unique упоминать — to mention управляющий — a manager уравновешенный — steady, balanced, even-tempered ураган — a tornado уродливый — ugly услышать шум — to hear a sound успевать — (делать что-л.) to have time (to do smth.);
прибывать к сроку) разг. be in time (for) успеть — to have time to do something успеть к чему-либо — to be in time for успокоиться — to calm down усталость — tiredness устраивать скандалы — to make a row утренняя газета — morning newspaper уходить (покидать) — to leave учебный год — a school-year ученик — a pupil ученый — a scientist учитель — a teacher учитель по математике — math teacher
Ф
фантазер — a dreamer фантастический успех — fantastic(al) success флейта — a flute фокусы — tricks фотографировать — to take a photograph (of) футбольный судья — a football referee Х
халтура — careless work хихикать — to giggle хлеб — bread ходить в походы — to go hiking ходить в театр — to go to the theatre ходить на курсы английского — to take course in English ходить на рыбалку — to go fishing хозяин — a master; a boss холить и лелеять — to pamper холодно — coldly; it is cold холодный — cold хороший — good хорошо оплачиваемая работа — a well-paid job хорошо проводить время — to have a good time хотя — though, although храбрец — a man of courage хранить — to keep храпеть — to snore художник — an artist, a painter хулиган — 1) hooligan 2) rowdy(-dowdy) разг. (шалун) Ц
целую вечность — for ages целый год — for the whole year церковь — a church цирк — circus Ч
чаевые — a tip ед., часами — for hours чаще — more often человек — a man; a person; a human being человечество — mankind, humanity чердак — an attic через — in (по прошествии) через каждые 3 часа — every 3 hours;
через два часа — in two hours; через некоторое время — after a while;
через год — in a year; a year later (в прошлом) чернила — ink черный — black честно — honestly; fair, fairly чинить — to repair; to mend (о белье, платье и т. д.)
читать — to read читать нотацию — to lesson член клуба — a clubman что-нибудь — something что-нибудь вкусненькое — something delicious чувствовать себя как дома — to be at one's ease, to feel at home,
to make oneself at home чувствовать себя лучше — to feel better чувствовать себя хорошо — to feel well чудный — wonderful, marvellous; lovely чужой (беспризорный ребенок) — a gutter-child чуткий -1) keen, sharp, quick (о слухе и обонянии) — чуткий нюх; 2) перен. sensitive чуть не — nearly; almost Ш
шаги — footsteps шашлык — shashlik шедевр — a masterpiece шикарный — luxury, fine, splendid, grand, magnificent (отличный)
шофер — a driver шпионка — a spy шуметь — to make a noise
Щ
щедрый — lavish, generous щекотливый — delicate Э
эгоистичный — selfish экзамен — an exam экзаменационные работы — examination-papers экономист — an economist экспедиция — an expedition экстренная помощь — first aid это невыносимо — it is unbearable/insufferable это просто — it is easy это удобно (мне это подходит) — it suits me Ю
юбилей — anniversary юность — youth юрист — a lawyer Я
я родился — I was born яблоки — apples язык — a tongue, язык (русский, английский и т. п.) — a language яйцо — an egg
ТЕЛЕГРАМКанал с обзорами, анонсами новинок и книжными подборками
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Детективы и триллеры, все новинки
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ВКОНТАКТЕБиблиотека с любовными романами, которая наверняка придётся по вкусу женской части аудитории
Любовные романы
Библиотека с фантастикой и фэнтези, а также смежных жанров
Фантастика
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