MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 205, picture,
volume 8 page 205
MORE TO EXPLORE
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 113
mumps (disease)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 205, picture,
volume 8 page 206
Mumtaz Mahal (Mughal empress)
Taj Mahal volume 13 page 11
Munich (city in Germany)
outdoor restaurant picture, volume 5
page 106
Munsee (Native American people)
Mohican volume 8 page 153
Muppet Movie, The (film)
Henson volume 6 page 41
Muppets (puppets)
Henson volume 6 page 40, picture, volume
6 page 40
Muppet Show, The (television program)
Henson volume 6 page 41
mural (painting)
Rivera volume 11 page 68, picture, volume
11 page 68
Murasaki Shikibu (Japanese courtier and
author)
literature volume 7 page 161
Murray River (river in Australia)
South Australia volume 12 page 145
Musa (emperor of Mali)
Mali empire volume 8 page 33
Muscat (capital city of Oman)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 206, picture,
volume 8 page 206
MORE TO EXPLORE
Oman volume 9 page 136
muscle (anatomy)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 207
MORE TO EXPLORE
hand volume 6 page 12
heart volume 6 page 31
images
cardiac muscle picture, volume 8
page 209
movement and muscle importance
picture, volume 8 page 207, picture,
volume 9 page 36
musclebone relationship picture,
volume 8 page 208
nervous system volume 9 page 36
Parkinsons Disease volume 10 page 35
skeletal system volume 12 page 96
Muscogee (Native American people): see
in index Creek
Muscovy (medieval principality of Russia):
see in index Moscow, Grand Principality
of
muscular dystrophy (muscle disease)
genetics volume 5 page 94
muscle volume 8 page 209
Muses (Greek and Roman mythology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 209, picture,
volume 8 page 210
MORE TO EXPLORE
Orpheus and Eurydice volume 9
page 151
museum
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 210
MORE TO EXPLORE
art museum picture, volume 8 page 211
electric spark generator picture, volume
10 page 79
exhibit at a science museum picture,
volume 8 page 211
Field Museum of Natural History picture,
volume 8 page 212
Hermitage picture, volume 1 page 196
Tashkent picture, volume 13 page 18
Musharraf, Pervez (Pakistani general and
leader)
Pakistan volume 10 page 15
mushroom
fungus volume 5 page 75
mushroom cloud picture, volume 2
page 105
music
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 212
MORE TO EXPLORE
dance volume 4 page 11
music class picture, volume 8 page 213
orchestra volume 9 page 145
reading music picture, volume 8
page 212
music, African: see in index African
music
musical form (music): see in index form
musical instrument
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 214
MORE TO EXPLORE
folk music volume 5 page 41
images
Gambian stringed instrument picture,
volume 8 page 214
keyboard instruments picture, volume
8 page 217
orchestral seating arrangement picture,
volume 9 page 145
percussion instruments picture, volume
8 page 215
stringed instruments picture, volume 8
page 216
wind instruments picture, volume 8
page 217
music volume 8 page 213
musical notation
music volume 8 page 213
reading music picture, volume 8
page 212
musket (gun)
weapon volume 15 page 26
Muskogee (Native American people): see
in index Creek
168 Muhammad !Ali BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
musk-ox (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 218, picture,
volume 8 page 218
muskrat (rodent)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 218, picture,
volume 8 page 219
Muslim (religious adherent): see in index
Islam; Islamic world
Muslim calendar
calendar volume 3 page 10
Muslim world (religious and cultural
group of peoples): see in index Islamic
world
mussel (mollusk) picture, volume 8
page 157
Mussolini, Benito (Italian dictator)
fascism volume 5 page 7
Italy volume 6 page 174
WorldWar II volume 15 page 65
mustard (plant and food)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 219, picture,
volume 8 page 219
mustard oil (essential oil)
mustard volume 8 page 219
mustard seed (plant reproductive body)
mustard volume 8 page 219
mustelid (mammal): see in index weasel
family
mutation (biology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 220
MORE TO EXPLORE
DNA volume 4 page 61
evolution volume 4 page 171
starfish picture, volume 8 page 220
mute swan (waterfowl) picture, volume 12
page 210
swan volume 12 page 210
Mutsuhito (emperor of Japan): see in
index Meiji
mutualism (biology)
symbiosis volume 12 page 221
Mwene Matapa (African kings): see in
index Monomotapa empire
Mwene Mutapa (African kings): see in
index Monomotapa empire
Myanmar (country in Asia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 221
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Buddhist temples picture, volume 8
page 221
Sule Pagoda picture, volume 15
page 86
Mycenaean civilization (ancient Greece)
Aegean civilization volume 1 page 33
ancient Greece volume 5 page 154
myopia (visual disorder): see in index
nearsightedness
MyPyramid (diet) picture, volume 5
page 44
myrrh (gum resin)
Yemen volume 15 page 91
Myrtle Beach (city in South Carolina,
U.S.) picture, volume 12 page 148
Mysticeti (mammal): see in index baleen
whale
Mystic Seaport (museum in Mystic,
Connecticut, U.S.) picture, volume 3
page 185
mythology
MAIN ARTICLE volume 8 page 222, picture,
volume 8 page 222
MORE TO EXPLORE
folktale volume 5 page 42
storytelling volume 12 page 194
Mzizima (historical village in Tanzania):
see in index Dar es Salaam
N (chemical element): see in index nitrogen
N (unit of measurement): see in index
newton
NAACP (U.S. organization): see in index
National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People
Nabrit, James M. (U.S. lawyer)
school desegregation decision picture,
volume 1 page 44
NAFTA (trade agreement): see in index
North American Free Trade Agreement
Nagasaki (city in Japan)
Truman volume 13 page 101
WorldWar II volume 15 page 70
Nagorno-Karabakh (region in Azerbaijan)
Armenia volume 1 page 185
Nahr !Atbarah (river in Africa): see in
index Atbara River
Nahuatl language (Native American
language)
Aztec volume 1 page 240
nail (anatomy)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 4, picture,
volume 9 page 4
nail bed (anatomy)
nail and claw volume 9 page 4, picture,
volume 9 page 4
nail plate (anatomy)
nail and claw volume 9 page 4, picture,
volume 9 page 4
nail root (anatomy)
nail and claw volume 9 page 4
Nairobi (capital city of Kenya)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 5, picture,
volume 9 page 5
MORE TO EXPLORE
Kenya volume 7 page 58
Nairobi National Park (park in Kenya)
impalas picture, volume 7 page 59
Nairobi volume 9 page 5
Naismith, James A. (U.S. athlete and
educator)
basketball volume 2 page 35
Nakota (Native American people)
Assiniboin volume 1 page 212
Sioux volume 12 page 92
Namib Desert (desert in Africa)
Namibia volume 9 page 6
sand dunes picture, volume 9 page 6
Namibia (country in Africa)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 6
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Namibia 169
desert mirage picture, volume 8
page 138
Kalahari: see in index Kalahari
Namib Desert picture, volume 9 page 6
Windhoek picture, volume 15 page 49
traditional dress picture, volume 9 page 7
Nam Viet (ancient kingdom in Asia)
Vietnam volume 14 page 85
Nanak (Indian religious leader)
Sikhism volume 12 page 87
Nansen, Fridtjof (Norwegian explorer
and scientist)
Arctic Ocean volume 1 page 173
refugee volume 11 page 40
Nantes, Edict of (French history)
France volume 5 page 60
Napoleon I (emperor of France)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 8, picture,
volume 9 page 8
MORE TO EXPLORE
France volume 5 page 60
French Revolution volume 5 page 70
Louisiana Purchase volume 7
page 182
Napoleonic Code (French system of law)
law volume 7 page 117
Napoleon III (emperor of France)
Cinco de Mayo volume 3 page 119
Narcissus (Greek mythology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 9, picture,
volume 9 page 9
Narodnaya, Mount (mountain in Russia)
Ural Mountains volume 14 page 38
Narraganset (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 10
MORE TO EXPLORE
Narraganset traditional dress picture,
volume 9 page 10
Rhode Island volume 11 page 61
Narrative of Sojourner Truth, The
(work by Truth)
Truth volume 13 page 102
Narrative of the Life of Frederick
Douglass, An American Slave, The
(work by Douglass)
Douglass volume 4 page 68
Narrow Road to the Deep North,
The (poetic diary by Basho)
Basho volume 2 page 33
narwhal (mammal)
cetaceans picture, volume 15 page 37
NASA (U.S. space agency): see in index
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
nasal cavity (anatomy)
respiratory system volume 11 page 54
nasal opening
nose volume 9 page 100
nasal passage
nose volume 9 page 99
Nascimento, Edson Arantes do (Brazilian
athlete): see in index Pele
NASDAQ (U.S. stock exchange)
stock exchange volume 12 page 186
Nashville (city in Indiana, U.S.)
Brown County State Park picture, volume
6 page 127
Nashville (state capital of Tennessee,
U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 10
MORE TO EXPLORE
country music volume 3 page 208
Country Music Hall of Fame and
Museum picture, volume 9 page 10
Tennessee volume 13 page 43, picture,
volume 13 page 44
Naskapi (Native American people): see in
index Innu
Nassau (capital city of The Bahamas)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 11
MORE TO EXPLORE
beach picture, volume 9 page 11
The Bahamas volume 2 page 8
Nasser, Gamal Abdel (president of
Egypt)
Egypt volume 4 page 111
Sadat volume 12 page 5
Nast, Thomas (U.S. political cartoonist)
Santa Claus volume 12 page 31, picture,
volume 12 page 31
Natchez (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 12
MORE TO EXPLORE
Natchez house picture, volume 9 page 12
nation (politics)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 3 page 207
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (U.S. space agency)
Eisenhower volume 4 page 118
space exploration volume 12 page 151
Opportunity picture, volume 12
page 152
National AmericanWoman Suffrage
Association (U.S. political organization)
Anthony volume 1 page 140
national anthem
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 12
MORE TO EXPLORE
Key volume 7 page 60
National Assembly (historical French
parliament)
French Revolution volume 5 page 69
National Assembly forWales (Welsh
government)
Wales volume 15 page 5
National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (U.S. organization)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 13, picture,
volume 9 page 14
MORE TO EXPLORE
African Americans volume 1 page 44
civil rights movement volume 3
page 129
Du Bois volume 4 page 81
Marshall volume 8 page 61
Parks volume 10 page 36
Wells-Barnett volume 15 page 30
National Association of Securities
Dealers Automated Quotations (U.S.
stock exchange): see in index NASDAQ
National Basketball Association (U.S.
sports organization)
basketball volume 2 page 35
National Broadcasting Corporation
(U.S. broadcasting network)
telecommunication volume 13 page 34
National Capital District (capital city of
Papua New Guinea): see in index Port
Moresby
National Convention (French history)
French Revolution volume 5 page 70
National Council of NegroWomen
(U.S. organization)
Bethune volume 2 page 65
170 Nam Viet BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
National FarmWorkers Association
(U.S. labor union): see in index United
FarmWorkers
National Football League (U.S. sports
organization)
football volume 5 page 50
national forest
Blue Ridge Mountains volume 2 page 94
national government: see in index government
National Hockey League
ice hockey volume 6 page 69
Nationalist Party (political party in
China, 1912-49, and Taiwan, 1949-
present)
Chiang Kai-shek volume 3 page 91
China volume 3 page 104
Mao volume 8 page 48
Sun Yat-sen volume 12 page 205
Taiwan volume 13 page 9
Taipei volume 13 page 7
Nationalists (Spanish CivilWar group)
Spanish CivilWar volume 12 page 158
nationality (international law)
citizenship volume 3 page 121
National Labor Relations Act (U.S.
legislation, 1935)
labor volume 7 page 97
national language (legal designation): see
in index official language
National League (baseball organization)
baseball volume 2 page 32
National Liberation Front (political
party in Algeria)
Algeria volume 1 page 79
national library
library volume 7 page 142
National Museum of the American
Indian (museum inWashington, D.C.,
U.S.) picture, volume 9 page 16
National Organization forWomen
(U.S. organization)
womens rights volume 15 page 57
National Origins Act (U.S. legislation,
1924): see in index Immigration Act
National Palace (palace in Mexico City,
Mexico)
Mexico City volume 8 page 114
national park
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 14
MORE TO EXPLORE
conservation volume 3 page 188
macaque monkeys picture, volume 9
page 14
National Park Service (U.S. government
agency)
national parks volume 9 page 15
National Rainbow Coalition (U.S. organization)
Jackson volume 7 page 7
National Revolutionary Party (political
party in Mexico): see in index Institutional
Revolutionary Party
National Socialism (political movement
in Germany): see in index Nazism
National Socialist GermanWorkers
Party (political party in Germany): see
in index Nazi Party
National Union for the Total Independence
of Angola (political organization
in Angola)
Angola volume 1 page 123
NationalWoman Suffrage Association
(U.S. political organization)
Anthony volume 1 page 140
National Youth Administration (U.S.
history)
Roosevelt, Eleanor volume 11 page 92
Native American (indigenous peoples)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 16
MORE TO EXPLORE
adobe volume 1 page 30
ancient cultures: see in index Adena culture;
Anasazi; Hohokam culture;
Hopewell culture; Mississippian culture;
mound builders
Arctic peoples: see in index Aleut;
Eskimo
arts: see in index Native American arts
exploration and settlement of the
Americas volume 1 page 104
Spanish conquistadors picture, volume
3 page 186
Spanish missions volume 8 page 140
geographic groupings
Central America: see in index Central
American Indian
Middle America: see in index Middle
American Indian
North America: see in index North
American Indian
South America: see in index South
American Indian
images
Alcatraz Island picture, volume 9
page 20
Apache dolls, Cherokee dancer, and
Nez Perce group picture, volume 9
page 18
Apache picture, volume 1 page 144
Cheyenne amulet and Tlingit totem
pole picture, volume 9 page 18
Comanche boy at Native American
celebration picture, volume 9
page 130
Cornplanter picture, volume 12
page 65
Crow picture, volume 3 page 221
Klamath woman preparing food picture,
volume 7 page 73
Mandan lodge picture, volume 8
page 40
Metacom picture, volume 8 page 105
National Museum of the American
Indian picture, volume 9 page 16
Pawnee picture, volume 10 page 41
Pomo picture, volume 10 page 120
Shauhaunapotinia picture, volume 6
page 144
Shawnee picture, volume 12 page 78
Sioux picture, volume 12 page 92
Spokane picture, volume 12 page 166
Standing Bear picture, volume 10
page 122
Tlingit picture, volume 13 page 72
Tohono Oodham picture, volume 13
page 75
Trail of Tears picture, volume 13
page 89
Ute petroglyph picture, volume 14
page 46
Yaqui picture, volume 15 page 88
Zuni picture, volume 15 page 110
irrigation volume 6 page 162
Latin America volume 7 page 112
Native American arts
architecture
Algonquin village picture, volume 1
page 81
Anasazi Cliff Palace picture, volume 1
page 114, picture, volume 3 page 158
Eskimo family inside igloo picture,
volume 4 page 153
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Native American arts 171
Inca ruins and stonework picture, volume
6 page 121, picture, volume 8
page 8
Mandan lodge picture, volume 8
page 40
Mayan ruins picture, volume 2
page 57, picture, volume 3 page 75,
picture, volume 8 page 82
Serpent Mound picture, volume 8
page 194
Zuni adobe houses picture, volume 10
page 164
basketry
Carib basket weaver picture, volume 3
page 40
Oneida baskets picture, volume 9
page 137
Paiute basket weaver picture, volume
10 page 12
Pomo Indian basket picture, volume
10 page 120
Tohono Oodham Indian basket picture,
volume 13 page 75
Winnebago basket weaver picture,
volume 15 page 50
beadwork and decorative art
Chickasaw rattles picture, volume 3
page 94
Mississippian gorget picture, volume 8
page 143
Missouri necklace picture, volume 8
page 145
Quapaw sash picture, volume 11
page 6
clothing and blankets
Arapaho traditional clothing picture,
volume 1 page 161
Assiniboin traditional dress picture,
volume 1 page 211
Aymara festive clothing picture, volume
2 page 102
Blackfoot traditional dress picture,
volume 2 page 85
Comanche traditional dress picture,
volume 9 page 130
Cree traditional costume picture, volume
3 page 212
Narraganset traditional dress picture,
volume 9 page 10
Nez Perce blankets picture, volume 9
page 18
Omaha traditional clothing picture,
volume 9 page 135
Pawnee traditional clothing picture,
volume 10 page 41
Potawatomi dress picture, volume 10
page 138
Seminole traditional dress picture,
volume 12 page 64
Shawnee headdress picture, volume 12
page 78
Tlingit traditional clothing picture,
volume 13 page 72
dance
Cherokee dancers picture, volume 3
page 88
Hopi dancers picture, volume 6
page 83
Tuscarora dancer picture, volume 13
page 117
ARCTIC
Aleut
Eskimo
CALIFORNIA
Chumash
Miwok
Pomo
CARIBBEAN
Arawak
Carib
GREAT BASIN
Paiute
Shoshone
Ute
GREAT PLAINS
Arapaho
Arikara
Assiniboin
Blackfoot
Cheyenne
Comanche
Crow
Gros Ventre
Hidatsa
Iowa
Kaw
Kiowa
Mandan
Missouri
Omaha
Osage
Oto
Pawnee
Ponca
Quapaw
Sarcee
Sioux
Wichita
MESOAMERICA
(MIDDLE AMERICA)
Aztec
Maya
Olmec
Toltec
Yaqui
Zapotec
NORTHEAST (EASTERN
WOODLANDS)
Abnaki
Cayuga
Delaware
Fox
Illinois
Iroquois
Malecite
Massachuset
Mohawk
Mohegan
Mohican
Narraganset
Nipmuc
Ojibwa
Oneida
Onondaga
Pequot
Potawatomi
Sauk
Seneca
Shawnee
Tuscarora
Wampanoag
Wappinger
Winnebago
Wyandot
NORTHWEST COAST
Haida
Kwakiutl
Nootka
Tlingit
PLATEAU
Coeur dAlene
Flathead
Klamath and Modoc
Kootenai
Nez Perce
Spokane
Yakama
PREHISTORIC NATIVE
AMERICANS
Adena Culture
Anasazi
Hohokam Culture
Hopewell Culture
Mississippian Culture
Mound Builders
SOUTH AMERICA
Inca
SOUTHEAST
Caddo
Cherokee
Chickasaw
Choctaw
Creek
Natchez
Seminole
SOUTHWEST
Apache
Hopi
Navajo
Pima
Pueblo Indians
Tohono O'odham
Zuni
SUBARCTIC
Algonquin
Athapaskan
Chipewyan
Cree
LEADERS
Cochise
Crazy Horse
Geronimo
Hiawatha
Massasoit
Metacom
Osceola
Pontiac
Sitting Bull
Tecumseh
For more about Native Americans, look for these articles:
172 Native American arts BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
painting and drawing
Aztec drawing picture, volume 1
page 240
Chumash cave painting picture, volume
3 page 116
Hidatsa decorated robe picture, volume
6 page 52
Navajo sand painting picture, volume
9 page 23
sculpture and carving
Arawak sculpture picture, volume 1
page 161
Caddo figurine picture, volume 3
page 7
Haida wood carving picture, volume 6
page 6
Hohokam rock carvings picture, volume
6 page 69
Hopewell copper work picture, volume
6 page 83
Kwakiutl ceremonial staff picture, volume
7 page 93
Olmec rock sculpture picture, volume
9 page 132
Pequot decorated canoe picture, volume
10 page 59
Toltec statues picture, volume 13
page 77
Ute rock carvings picture, volume 14
page 46
Tlingit totem pole picture, volume 9
page 18
Zuni potter picture, volume 15 page 110
NATO (international alliance of countries):
see in index North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
natterjack toad (amphibian) picture, volume
13 page 72
natural disaster: see in index disaster
natural fiber (raw material)
clothing volume 3 page 142
fibers volume 5 page 16, picture, volume
5 page 16
textile volume 13 page 53
natural gas (fossil fuel)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 5 page 91
MORE TO EXPLORE
energy source picture, volume 4
page 139
fossil fuel volume 5 page 55
geographical reserves
Africa
Libya volume 7 page 145
Nigeria volume 9 page 69
Asia
Kazakhstan volume 7 page 52
Malaysia volume 8 page 28
Myanmar volume 8 page 221
Pakistan volume 10 page 14
Turkmenistan volume 13 page 115
Uzbekistan volume 14 page 47
Australia
South Australia volume 12 page 146
Victoria volume 14 page 78
Western Australia volume 15 page 31
Central America andWest Indies
Trinidad and Tobago volume 13
page 97
Europe
Germany volume 5 page 106
Netherlands, The volume 9 page 39
North Sea volume 9 page 92
Norway volume 9 page 98
Romania volume 11 page 85
Russia volume 11 page 105, picture,
volume 5 page 92
Scotland volume 12 page 52
Ukraine volume 14 page 7
Middle East
Oman volume 9 page 136
Qatar volume 11 page 4
United Arab Emirates volume 14
page 15
New Zealand volume 9 page 62
North America
Mexico volume 8 page 111
Mexico, Gulf of volume 8 page 113
Rocky Mountains volume 11
page 79
South America
Venezuela volume 14 page 64
natural history museum
Field Museum of Natural History picture,
volume 8 page 212
museum volume 8 page 211
natural immunity (physiology)
immune system volume 6 page 119,
picture, volume 6 page 119
naturalization (citizenship process)
citizenship volume 3 page 121
natural law
human rights volume 6 page 97
natural number (mathematics)
numbers and number systems volume 9
page 105
natural resource (ecology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 20
MORE TO EXPLORE
conservation volume 3 page 186
natural satellite (planetary satellite): see
in index satellite
natural science: see in index life sciences;
physical sciences
natural selection (biology)
adaptation volume 1 page 27
Darwin volume 4 page 17
evolution volume 4 page 170
mutation volume 8 page 220
protective coloration volume 10
page 157
Natural State (state in the U.S.): see in
index Arkansas
Nauru (island country in the Pacific
Ocean)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 22, picture,
volume 9 page 22
Nautilus (nuclear-powered submarine)
submarine volume 12 page 198
Nautilus (Fultons submarine)
submarine volume 12 page 197
Navajo (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 23
MORE TO EXPLORE
Arizona volume 1 page 178
Native Americans volume 9 page 17
Navajo sand painting picture, volume 9
page 23
Navajo Supreme Court picture, volume
5 page 132
Navajo Supreme Court (high court of
the Navajo people)
justices in session picture, volume 5
page 132
naval force (military force): see in index
navy
naval warfare
Spanish Armada volume 1 page 183
navel (anatomy)
reproductive system volume 11 page 50
navel orange picture, volume 9 page 144
navigation (technology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 23, picture,
volume 9 page 24, picture, volume 9
page 24, picture, volume 9 page 25
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA navigation 173
MORE TO EXPLORE
gyroscope volume 5 page 176
navy (military force)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 25, picture,
volume 9 page 25
MORE TO EXPLORE
cruiser picture, volume 3 page 150
Naypyidaw (capital of Myanmar)
Yangon volume 15 page 86
Nazi Party (political party in Germany)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 26
MORE TO EXPLORE
Germany volume 5 page 106
Hitler volume 6 page 65
Storm Troopers picture, volume 9
page 26
Nazism (political movement in Germany)
Holocaust volume 6 page 71
Frank volume 5 page 61
Jewish identification badges picture,
volume 6 page 71
Judaism volume 7 page 39
Poland volume 10 page 109
Warsaw volume 15 page 14
Nazi rally in Nuremberg picture, volume
9 page 26
Nuremberg trials volume 9 page 110
WorldWar II volume 15 page 65
NBA (U.S. sports organization): see in
index National Basketball Association
NBC (U.S. broadcasting network): see in
index National Broadcasting Corporation
Ndebele (people)
Zimbabwe volume 15 page 105
NDjamena (capital city of Chad)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 27
MORE TO EXPLORE
Chad volume 3 page 78
NDour, Youssou (Senegalese musician)
picture, volume 15 page 60
Neagh, Lough (lake in Northern Ireland,
United Kingdom)
Northern Ireland volume 9 page 89
Neanderthal (anthropology)
human lineage picture, volume 6 page 93
human origins volume 6 page 96
Neanderthal fossil skeleton picture, volume
6 page 93
nearsightedness (visual disorder)
concave lens effect picture, volume 7
page 131
eye volume 4 page 176
lens volume 7 page 131
Neathach, Loch (lake in Northern Ireland,
United Kingdom): see in index
Neagh, Lough
Nebraska (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 28
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Platte River crane migration picture,
volume 9 page 29
State Capitol picture, volume 7
page 154
history
American CivilWar volume 1 page 95
Arbor Day volume 1 page 162
Kansas-Nebraska Act volume 7
page 49
Pawnee volume 10 page 41
nebula (astronomy)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 30, picture,
volume 1 page 215, picture, volume 9
page 30
necklace (jewelry) picture, volume 7
page 23
nectar (botany)
bee volume 2 page 46
pollen volume 10 page 116
nectarine (fruit)
peach volume 10 page 45
Nederlandse Antillen (islands and
autonomous part of The Netherlands in
the Caribbean Sea): see in index Netherlands
Antilles
needle (implement)
acupuncture volume 1 page 20
needle (plant part): see in index leaf
needle lace (decorative fabric)
lace volume 7 page 99
Nefertari (queen of Egypt)
decorated tomb picture, volume 6
page 53
Nefertiti (queen of ancient Egypt)
painted stone bust picture, volume 4
page 114
negative electron (subatomic particle):
see in index electron
negative ion (chemistry and physics)
atoms volume 1 page 225
negative number (mathematics)
numbers and number systems volume 9
page 106
Negev (region in Israel) picture, volume 6
page 168
Israel volume 6 page 168
Negrito (people)
Philippines volume 10 page 71
Tasmania volume 13 page 20
Negro league (U.S. baseball history)
Paige volume 10 page 6
Negro River (river in Uruguay): see in
index Rio Negro
Nehru, Indira (prime minister of India):
see in index Gandhi, Indira
Nehru, Jawaharlal (prime minister of
India)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 30, picture,
volume 9 page 30
MORE TO EXPLORE
Gandhi, Indira volume 5 page 85
Nelson, Gaylord (U.S. senator)
Earth Day volume 4 page 91
Nelson,Willie (U.S. musician and
singer)
country music volume 3 page 208
Nematoda (animal class): see in index
roundworm
Nemo, Captain (fictional character): see
in index Captain Nemo
neoclassicism (artistic style)
architecture volume 1 page 171
painting volume 10 page 10
sculpture volume 12 page 56
neofascism (political movement)
fascism volume 5 page 8
Neolithic Period (anthropology)
Stone Age volume 12 page 189
neo-Nazism
Nazi Party volume 9 page 27
neoplasm (medical disorder): see in index
tumor
174 navy BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Nepal (country in Asia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 31, picture,
volume 9 page 31
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Kathmandu picture, volume 7 page 50,
picture, volume 9 page 32
Mount Everest volume 4 page 167
valley picture, volume 14 page 53
yak picture, volume 15 page 84
Nepalese (Asian people)
Bhutan volume 2 page 66
nephron (anatomy)
kidney volume 7 page 63
urinary system picture, volume 14
page 40
Neptune (planet)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 33, picture,
volume 9 page 33
MORE TO EXPLORE
planets volume 10 page 92, picture, volume
10 page 93
solar system volume 12 page 127, picture,
volume 12 page 127
nerve (anatomy)
nervous system volume 9 page 35, picture,
volume 9 page 35
skin volume 12 page 101
nerve cell (anatomy): see in index neuron
nerve fiber (anatomy) picture, volume 9
page 35
nerve impulse (physiology) picture, volume
9 page 35
nervous system (anatomy and physiology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 34
MORE TO EXPLORE
human beings picture, volume 9 page 35,
picture, volume 9 page 36
neuron picture, volume 9 page 35
invertebrate animals picture, volume 9
page 34
nervous tension (psychological and biological
factor): see in index stress
Ness, Loch (lake in Scotland, United
Kingdom)
Urquhart Castle picture, volume 12
page 52
nest (zoology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 36, picture,
volume 9 page 37
MORE TO EXPLORE
ants volume 1 page 133, picture, volume
1 page 133
swan picture, volume 4 page 101
wasp volume 15 page 21
paper wasp picture, volume 9 page 37
potter wasp picture, volume 15 page 21
nesting colony (animal behavior)
penguin volume 10 page 53
net (sports)
volleyball volume 14 page 104
Netanyahu, Benjamin (prime minister of
Israel)
signing peace agreement picture, volume
10 page 19
Netherlands, The (country in Europe)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 38
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Amsterdam picture, volume 1 page 111
Keukenhof Gardens picture, volume 5
page 87
Kinderdijk picture, volume 9 page 38
levee and dike volume 7 page 136
The Hague picture, volume 6 page 6
history
colonialism
Guyana volume 5 page 173
Indonesia volume 6 page 131
Jakarta volume 7 page 9
Malaysia volume 8 page 28
Maldives volume 8 page 30
Mauritius volume 8 page 80
New York City volume 9 page 60
South Africa volume 12 page 138
Suriname volume 12 page 208, picture,
volume 10 page 32
Wappinger volume 15 page 8
Europe
Brussels volume 2 page 138
Frank volume 5 page 62
exploration
East Timor volume 4 page 96
exploration and settlement of the
Americas volume 1 page 107
WorldWar II volume 15 page 66
people and culture
garden picture, volume 5 page 38
tulips volume 13 page 106
girl carrying tulips picture, volume 9
page 39
sports and games
golf volume 5 page 126
ice skating volume 6 page 110
Netherlands, United Provinces of the
(historical state in Europe)
Netherlands volume 9 page 39
Netherlands Antilles (islands and
autonomous part of The Netherlands in
the Caribbean Sea)
The Netherlands volume 9 page 38
neural receptor (sense cell): see in index
receptor
neuron (anatomy) picture, volume 9
page 35
nervous system volume 9 page 34
Neuth (Egyptian goddess): see in index
Nut
neutralism (international policy)
Sweden volume 12 page 214
Switzerland volume 12 page 219
neutrality (diplomacy)
Wilson volume 15 page 47
neutron (subatomic particle)
atom volume 1 page 224, picture, volume
1 page 225
Nevada (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 40
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
mountains and desert picture, volume
9 page 41
State Capitol picture, volume 3
page 45
Nevi#im (biblical text): see in index
Prophets
Nevis (island in theWest Indies): see in
index Saint Kitts and Nevis
Newbery, John (British publisher)
literature for children volume 7
page 163
Mother Goose volume 8 page 191
Newbery Medal (literary award)
Cleary volume 3 page 134
Konigsburg volume 7 page 76
literature for children volume 7
page 163, picture, volume 7 page 162,
picture, volume 7 page 162
New Brunswick (province in eastern
Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 42
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA New Brunswick 175
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Cape Enrage Lighthouse at the Bay of
Fundy picture, volume 9 page 42
Northumberland Strait bridge picture,
volume 10 page 151
worlds longest covered bridge picture,
volume 9 page 43
Newcastle disease (bird disease)
animal disease volume 4 page 55
New Colossus, The (work by Lazarus)
Statue of Liberty volume 7 page 140
Newcombe, Don (U.S. baseball player)
Campanella, Doby, Newcombe, and
Robinson picture, volume 2 page 32
Newcomen, Thomas (British engineer
and inventor)
technology and invention volume 13
page 26
New Deal (U.S. history)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 44, picture,
volume 9 page 44, picture, volume 9
page 44
MORE TO EXPLORE
Great Depression volume 5 page 147
Roosevelt, Eleanor volume 11 page 91
Roosevelt, Franklin volume 11 page 93
United States volume 14 page 30
New Delhi (capital city of India)
India volume 6 page 123
New England (region in the U.S.)
harbor in Maine picture, volume 8
page 23
King PhilipsWar volume 7 page 67
town in Vermont picture, volume 14
page 68
Newfoundland (island in Newfoundland
and Labrador province, Canada)
coastal village picture, volume 9 page 46
Newfoundland and Labrador volume 9
page 45
Viking buildings picture, volume 9
page 46
Newfoundland and Labrador (province
in eastern Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 45
MORE TO EXPLORE
island of Newfoundland picture, volume
9 page 46
reconstructed Viking buildings,
Newfoundland picture, volume 9
page 46
New France (French colonies in North
America)
Canada volume 3 page 25
Champlain volume 3 page 80
French and IndianWar volume 5
page 66
Quebec volume 11 page 9
New Frontier (U.S. history)
Kennedy volume 7 page 55
New Granada (historical Spanish colony
in South America)
Columbia volume 3 page 153
Newgrange tomb (Neolithic tomb in
Ireland) picture, volume 6 page 155
New Hampshire (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 47
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
State Capitol picture, volume 3
page 175
White Mountains picture, volume 9
page 48
New Hebrides (island country in the
Pacific Ocean): see in index Vanuatu
New Horizons (United States spacecraft)
Pluto volume 10 page 102
New Jersey (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 49
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Cape May houses picture, volume 9
page 50
State Capitol picture, volume 13
page 95
New Kingdom (Egyptian history)
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 114
New Mexico (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 51
MORE TO EXPLORE
Coronado volume 3 page 200
geography
Acoma village picture, volume 9
page 52
Santa Fe Museum of Fine Arts picture,
volume 12 page 31
Very Large Array radio telescopes picture,
volume 13 page 39
New Orleans (city in Louisiana, U.S.)
jazz volume 7 page 16
Preservation Hall Jazz Band picture,
volume 7 page 16
Louisiana volume 7 page 181
Newport (city in Rhode Island, U.S.)
Narragansett Bay harbor picture, volume
11 page 61
New River Gorge National River (West
Virginia, U.S.)
Sandstone Falls picture, volume 15
page 34
news (communication)
newspaper volume 9 page 54
news agency (journalism): see in index
news service
New SouthWales (state in Australia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 53, picture,
volume 9 page 53
MORE TO EXPLORE
Australia volume 1 page 231
newspaper
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 54, picture,
volume 9 page 54
MORE TO EXPLORE
advertising volume 1 page 32
printing press picture, volume 9 page 55,
picture, volume 10 page 152
newsprint (grade of paper)
paper volume 10 page 28
news service (journalism)
newspaper volume 9 page 54
New Stone Age (anthropology): see in
index Neolithic Period
New Style calendar: see in index Gregorian
calendar
New Testament (biblical text)
Bethlehem volume 2 page 64
Bible volume 2 page 68
Greek picture, volume 2 page 68
Christianity volume 3 page 112
newton (unit of measurement)
force volume 5 page 51
Newton, Isaac (English physicist and
mathematician)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 55, picture,
volume 9 page 55
MORE TO EXPLORE
astronomy volume 1 page 215
176 Newcastle disease BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
force volume 5 page 51
gravity volume 5 page 145
Newtons law of gravity
gravity volume 5 page 145
Newtons laws of motion (physics)
force volume 5 page 51
motion volume 8 page 192
New Town (district in Edinburgh, Scotland,
United Kingdom)
Edinburgh volume 4 page 104
NewWorld (history of exploration): see
in index Americas
NewWorld beaver (rodent): see in index
American beaver
NewWorld monkey (primate) picture,
volume 8 page 167
monkey volume 8 page 167
NewWorld sparrow (bird)
sparrow volume 12 page 160
NewWorld vulture (bird)
vulture volume 14 page 106
New Year festival: see in index New Years
Day
New Years Day (holiday)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 56, picture,
volume 9 page 56
New York (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 57
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Adirondack Mountains picture, volume
9 page 57, picture, volume 9
page 79
Lake Ontario volume 9 page 141
Niagara Falls picture, volume 9 page 58
State Capitol picture, volume 1
page 67
history
Arthur volume 1 page 192
Declaration of Independence volume
4 page 24
Federalist papers volume 5 page 9
New York Bay (bay in New York City,
New York, U.S.)
Statue of Liberty picture, volume 9
page 60
Verrazzano volume 14 page 70
New York City (city in New York, U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 60
MORE TO EXPLORE
billboards on buildings picture, volume 1
page 32
Central Park aerial view picture, volume
9 page 59
Statue of Liberty picture, volume 9
page 60
UN headquarters picture, volume 3
page 207
United States volume 14 page 26
VietnamWar protesters picture, volume
14 page 87
New York City Ballet (U.S. ballet company)
ballet volume 2 page 15
Tallchief volume 13 page 12
New York Cosmos (U.S. soccer team)
Pele volume 10 page 50
New York Infirmary forWomen and
Children (clinic in New York City,
New York, U.S.)
Blackwell volume 2 page 90
New York Knickerbocker Base Ball
Club (U.S. organization): see in index
Knickerbocker Base Ball Club
New York Stock Exchange (stock
exchange, New York City, New York,
U.S.) picture, volume 12 page 186
stock exchange volume 12 page 186
New York Yankees (U.S. baseball team)
Ruth volume 11 page 109
New Zealand (island country in the
Pacific Ocean)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 61
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Maori village picture, volume 9
page 62
Queenstown picture, volume 9 page 62
Wellington picture, volume 15 page 28
people and culture
Maori greeting picture, volume 8
page 47
womens rights
Helen Clark picture, volume 15
page 58
Nez Perce (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 63
MORE TO EXPLORE
Native Americans volume 9 page 18,
picture, volume 9 page 18
Nez PerceWar (U.S. history)
Nez Perce volume 9 page 63
NFL (U.S. sports organization): see in
index National Football League
NFWA (U.S. labor union): see in index
United FarmWorkers
Ngazidja (island of Comoros)
Moroni picture, volume 8 page 185
Ngo Dinh Diem (Vietnamese political
leader)
VietnamWar volume 14 page 86
Ngorongoro Crater (crater, Tanzania)
picture, volume 13 page 15
Nguyen Sinh Cung (president of North
Vietnam): see in index Ho Chi Minh
Niagara Falls (waterfall in North
America) picture, volume 9 page 58
Niagara River (river in North America)
Lake Ontario volume 9 page 141
Niamey (capital city of Niger)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 63
MORE TO EXPLORE
Niger volume 9 page 67
Niantic (Native American people)
Narraganset volume 9 page 10
Nicaragua (country in Central America)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 64
MORE TO EXPLORE
Managua picture, volume 8 page 38
Nicaragua, Lake (lake in Nicaragua)
Central America volume 3 page 74
Nicholas, Saint (bishop of Myra)
Santa Claus volume 12 page 30
Nicholas, Saint (legendary person): see in
index Santa Claus
Nicholas II (tsar of Russia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 65, picture,
volume 9 page 65
MORE TO EXPLORE
Russia volume 11 page 106
Russian Revolution volume 11 page 108
tsar volume 13 page 103
Nicholas of Bari (bishop of Myra): see in
index Nicholas, Saint
Nicholas of Myra (bishop of Myra): see
in index Nicholas, Saint
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Nicholas of Myra 177
Nicklaus, Jack (U.S. golfer)
golf volume 5 page 126
Nicolet, Jean (French explorer)
Wisconsin volume 15 page 53
Nicosia (capital city of Cyprus)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 66, picture,
volume 9 page 66
MORE TO EXPLORE
Cyprus volume 3 page 236
Niemeyer, Oscar (Brazilian architect)
Brasilia picture, volume 2 page 123
Niger (country in Africa)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 67, picture,
volume 9 page 67
Nigeria (country inWest Africa)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 68
MORE TO EXPLORE
images
fishermen on the Niger River picture,
volume 9 page 69
presidential palace picture, volume 1
page 16
student reads the Koran picture, volume
9 page 68
wedding custom picture, volume 3
page 230
woman pouring millet picture, volume
5 page 135
Niger River (river in Africa)
Bamako volume 2 page 18
fishermen cast a net picture, volume 9
page 69
night heron (bird)
heron volume 6 page 47
nightingale (bird)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 70, picture,
volume 9 page 70
Nightingale, Florence (English nurse)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 70, picture,
volume 9 page 70
MORE TO EXPLORE
nursing volume 9 page 111
Nightingale School for Nurses (education)
Nightingale volume 9 page 71
night monkey (primate)
monkey volume 8 page 168
Night of Broken Glass (German history,
1938): see in index Kristallnacht
Night of Power (Islam)
Ramadan volume 11 page 26
nightshade (plant and flower)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 71, picture,
volume 9 page 71
MORE TO EXPLORE
tomato volume 13 page 78
NightWatch, The (painting by Rembrandt)
Rembrandt volume 11 page 44
Niislel Khureheh (capital of Mongolia):
see in index Ulaanbaatar
Nile Delta (region of the Nile Valley in
Africa): see in index Lower Egypt
Nile River (river in Africa)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 72
MORE TO EXPLORE
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 112
facts about Africa volume 1
page 41
images
boats near Luxor picture, volume 9
page 72
branch in southern Sudan picture,
volume 12 page 200
Cairo picture, volume 3 page 9
Nile River delta picture, volume 4
page 33
modern Egypt volume 4 page 109
nimbus (art): see in index halo
Nina (ship)
Columbus volume 3 page 163
nine-banded armadillo (mammal) picture,
volume 1 page 183
9/11 terrorist attacks (U.S. history,
2001): see in index September 11 attacks
Nineteenth Amendment (U.S. Constitution)
picture, volume 1 page 94
Anthony volume 1 page 140
Ninety-five Theses (work by Luther)
Luther volume 7 page 186
Nineveh (ancient city in Iraq)
aqueduct volume 1 page 156
ninjutsu (martial art)
martial arts volume 8 page 64
Nintendo Company, Ltd. (Japanese
company)
electronic games volume 4 page 122
Ninth Symphony (work by
Beethoven)
Beethoven volume 2 page 48
Nipmuc (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 73
MORE TO EXPLORE
King PhilipsWar volume 7 page 68
Nipmuc village picture, volume 9
page 73
nirvana (Buddhism)
Buddhism volume 2 page 144
nitrogen (chemical element)
air volume 1 page 51
atmosphere volume 1 page 223
legume volume 7 page 125
Nix (moon of Pluto)
Pluto volume 10 page 102
Nixon, Richard M. (president of the
U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 74, picture,
volume 9 page 74
MORE TO EXPLORE
Ford volume 5 page 51
timeline volume 9 page 74
VietnamWar volume 14 page 87
Niza, Marcos de (Spanish priest and
explorer)
Arizona volume 1 page 179
Zuni volume 15 page 110
Nkrumah, Kwame (president of Ghana)
Ghana volume 5 page 111
NL (baseball organization): see in index
National League
no. (abbreviation): see in index number
Nobatia (ancient kingdom, Nubia,
Africa)
Nubia volume 9 page 103
Nobel, Alfred Bernhard (Swedish inventor)
Nobel Prize volume 9 page 76
Nobel prize (award)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 75
MORE TO EXPLORE
Wangari Maathai picture, volume 9
page 76
noble gas (family of chemical elements)
periodic table table, volume 3 page 86
Nofretete (queen of ancient Egypt): see in
index Nefertiti
178 Nicklaus, Jack BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Noh drama (Japanese theater)
drama volume 4 page 73
theater volume 13 page 58
nomad (wanderer)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 76
MORE TO EXPLORE
Gobi volume 5 page 122
human migration volume 8 page 126
Mongol Empire volume 8 page 161
Mongolia volume 8 page 164
Rom volume 11 page 82
Sahara volume 12 page 9
Somalia volume 12 page 130, picture,
volume 9 page 76
nomadism (society): see in index nomad
noncommissioned officer (military
rank)
army volume 1 page 189
nonfiction (literature)
fiction volume 7 page 160
noninfectious disease
animal disease volume 4 page 56
human disease volume 4 page 57
nonrenewable resource (conservation)
conservation volume 3 page 187
fossil fuel volume 5 page 56
natural resources volume 9 page 21
petroleum volume 10 page 68
nonrepresentational art: see in index
abstract art
nonreturning boomerang (weapon and
toy)
boomerang volume 2 page 110
nonrigid airship (aircraft): see in index
blimp
non-sporting breed (dog group)
dog breeds table, volume 4 page 62
nonstriker (sports)
cricket volume 3 page 214, picture, volume
3 page 214
nonvascular plant
plant volume 10 page 95
nonviolence (social doctrine)
Gandhi volume 5 page 85
Noonan, Fred (U.S. aviator)
Earhart volume 4 page 88
Nootka (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 77, picture,
volume 9 page 77
MORE TO EXPLORE
British Columbia volume 2 page 132
Norden (region in Europe): see in index
Northern Europe
Nordenskiold, Adolf Erik, Baron
(Swedish explorer)
polar exploration volume 10 page 110
Nordic skiing (sport)
skiing volume 12 page 98
Noremberg (city in Germany): see in
index Nuremberg
Noriega, Manuel (Panamanian dictator)
Bushs presidency volume 2 page 155
Panama volume 10 page 22
Norman (people)
France volume 5 page 59
Vikings volume 14 page 89
Norman Conquest (British history)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 78, picture,
volume 9 page 78
MORE TO EXPLORE
Anglo-Saxon volume 1 page 121
human migration volume 8 page 127
Normandy (region in France)
Norman Conquest volume 9 page 78
Normandy Invasion (European-U.S.
history)
WorldWar II volume 15 page 69
United States troops picture, volume
15 page 69
Norseman (people): see in index Viking
Norse mythology (legends and stories of
Northern Europe): see in index Odin;
Valhalla
North, the (region in Argentina)
Argentina volume 1 page 175
North, the (region in the U.S.)
American CivilWar volume 1 page 94
Stowe volume 12 page 195
North America (continent)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 79
MORE TO EXPLORE
dinosaurs
Allosaurus volume 1 page 86
Apatosaurus volume 1 page 145
Triceratops volume 13 page 96
geography
Alaska volume 1 page 63, picture, volume
1 page 64
aspens picture, volume 1 page 210
Central America: see in index Central
America
lakes and rivers
Great Lakes volume 5 page 147
Lake Louise picture, volume 1
page 69
Lake Ontario and Toronto skyline
picture, volume 9 page 81
Mississippi and Ohio rivers picture,
volume 9 page 127
Rio Grande picture, volume 9
page 79
mountains
Adirondack Mountains picture, volume
9 page 57, picture, volume 9
page 79
Appalachian Mountains picture,
volume 1 page 151
Bitterroot Mountains picture, volume
6 page 112
Great Smoky Mountains picture,
volume 9 page 85
Iztaccihuatl volcano picture, volume
9 page 82
Rocky Mountains picture, volume 11
page 79
history
exploration and colonization of the
Americas volume 1 page 102
Cabot volume 3 page 5
De Soto volume 4 page 41
Native Americans: see in index North
American Indian
North American Free Trade Agreement
(international trade)
North America volume 9 page 83
Antigua and
Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Belize
Canada
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican
Republic
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Saint Kitts and
Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent
and the
Grenadines
Trinidad and
Tobago
United States
For more about North America,
look for articles on these countries:
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA North American Free Trade Agreement 179
trade volume 13 page 88
North American Great Basin Indian
(Native American people): see in index
Great Basin Indian
North American Indian (Native American
peoples)
arts: see in index Native American arts
Cartier volume 3 page 49
conflicts
Black Hawk volume 2 page 86
Black Hills volume 2 page 86
French and IndianWar volume 5
page 66
Harrison volume 6 page 22
King PhilipsWar picture, volume 7
page 67
fur trade volume 5 page 76
Hudsons Bay Company volume 6
page 91
National Museum of the American
Indian picture, volume 9 page 16
Native Americans volume 9 page 16
places
Alabama volume 1 page 60
Appalachian Mountains volume 1
page 151
Arizona volume 1 page 179
California volume 3 page 12
Canada
Yukon volume 15 page 97
Colorado volume 3 page 157
Illinois volume 6 page 118
Indiana volume 6 page 127
Iowa volume 6 page 146
Kansas volume 7 page 48
Maine volume 8 page 22
Maryland volume 8 page 69
Michigan volume 8 page 117
Missouri volume 8 page 147
Montana volume 8 page 173
Nebraska volume 9 page 28
Nevada volume 9 page 41
New Mexico volume 9 page 52
North America volume 9 page 81
North Carolina volume 9 page 85
North Dakota volume 9 page 87
Oklahoma volume 9 page 129
Oregon volume 9 page 148
Pennsylvania volume 10 page 56
South Carolina volume 12 page 147
South Dakota volume 12 page 150
Tennessee volume 13 page 44
Texas volume 13 page 51
United States volume 14 page 27, volume
14 page 29
Vermont volume 14 page 69
Santa Fe Trail volume 12 page 33
North American mink (mammal) picture,
volume 8 page 134
mink volume 8 page 134
North American Plateau Indian (Native
American people): see in index Plateau
Indian
North American raccoon (mammal)
raccoon volume 11 page 14
North American white pelican (bird)
pelican volume 10 page 51
North Arabian Desert (desert in the
Middle East): see in index Syrian Desert
North Atlantic Ocean (region of the
Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean volume 1 page 220
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(international alliance of countries)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 84
MORE TO EXPLORE
ColdWar volume 3 page 150
Pakistan picture, volume 9 page 84
North Carolina (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 85
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Cape Hatteras National Seashore picture,
volume 9 page 86
Great Smoky Mountains picture, volume
9 page 85
State Capitol picture, volume 11
page 25
North China Plain (plain in China)
Huang He volume 6 page 89
North Dakota (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 87
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Badlands picture, volume 9 page 88
farmland picture, volume 9 page 88
Northeast Passage (sea route, Eurasia)
polar exploration volume 10 page 110
Northern Asia (region in Asia): see in
index Siberia
Northern Blackfoot (North American
people)
Blackfoot volume 2 page 85
northern cardinal (bird) picture, volume
3 page 38
bill structure and eating habits picture,
volume 2 page 77
cardinals volume 3 page 37
northern copperhead (reptile)
various snakes picture, volume 12
page 113
Northern Europe (region in Europe)
Europe volume 4 page 160
northern flicker (bird)
bill structure and eating habits picture,
volume 2 page 77
Northern Hemisphere (geography)
Earth volume 4 page 90
equatorial division of Earth picture,
volume 4 page 147
hemisphere volume 6 page 37
season volume 12 page 61
Northern Ireland (part of the United
Kingdom)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 89
MORE TO EXPLORE
England volume 4 page 139
Giants Causeway picture, volume 9
page 89
Ireland volume 6 page 154
Ulster volume 14 page 8
United Kingdom volume 14 page 16
northern lights (atmospheric phenomenon):
see in index aurora borealis
northern mockingbird (bird): see in
index common mockingbird
Northern Paiute (Native American
people)
Paiute volume 10 page 12
Northern Ponca (Native American
people)
Ponca volume 10 page 122
Northern Rhodesia (country in Africa):
see in index Zambia
Northern Shoshone (Native American
people)
Shoshone volume 12 page 83
Northern States (region in the U.S.): see
in index North, the
Northern Territory (territory in Australia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 90
180 North American Great Basin Indian BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
MORE TO EXPLORE
Aboriginal artist picture, volume 9
page 91
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park picture,
volume 1 page 230
Uluru/Ayers Rock picture, volume 9
page 91
Northern Virginia, Army of (U.S. history)
Lee volume 7 page 122
North Island (island in New Zealand)
New Zealand volume 9 page 61
North Korea: see in index Korea, North
North Pole
Arctic Ocean volume 1 page 173
important people
Henson volume 6 page 41
Peary volume 10 page 48
polar exploration volume 10 page 110
group led by Peary picture, volume 10
page 110
season volume 12 page 62
North Sea (sea in the Atlantic Ocean)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 92, picture,
volume 9 page 93
North Semitic (writing system)
alphabet volume 1 page 88
Northumberland Strait (strait in
Canada)
Confederation Bridge picture, volume
10 page 151
North Vietnam: see in index Vietnam
Northwest Coast Indian (Native American
people): see in index Haida; Kwakiutl;
Nootka; Tlingit
NorthWest Company (Canadian trading
company)
Alberta volume 1 page 70
fur trade volume 5 page 76
Manitoba volume 8 page 45
Northwest Indian Confederation
(Native American alliance)
Harrison volume 6 page 22
Northwest Passage (sea route around
North America)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 93
MORE TO EXPLORE
Amundsen volume 1 page 113, picture,
volume 9 page 94
exploration and settlement of the
Americas volume 1 page 103
polar exploration volume 10 page 110
Northwest Territories (territories in
Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 95
MORE TO EXPLORE
ice road picture, volume 9 page 96
Inuit fisherwoman picture, volume 9
page 96
reindeer grazing picture, volume 13
page 107
Northwest Territory (historical territory
in the U.S.)
Ohio volume 9 page 126
North Yemen (historical country in the
Middle East): see in index Yemen Arab
Republic
Norway (country in Europe)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 97
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Bergen picture, volume 9 page 98
fjord picture, volume 4 page 162
history
Greenland volume 5 page 159
Iceland volume 6 page 108
polar exploration volume 10 page 110
Sweden volume 12 page 213
Sami traditional dress picture, volume 9
page 98
nose (anatomy)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 99
MORE TO EXPLORE
respiratory system volume 11 page 54
nostril (anatomy)
nose anatomy volume 9 page 99
notation (writing)
writing volume 15 page 77
note (sound): see in index tone
notebook computer
computers volume 3 page 172
No theater (Japanese drama): see in index
Noh drama
Notre-Dame Cathedral (cathedral in
Paris, France): see in index Notre-Dame
de Paris
Notre-Dame de Chartres (cathedral in
Chartres, France): see in index Chartres
Cathedral
Notre-Dame de Paris (cathedral in Paris,
France)
gargoyles picture, volume 5 page 89
Paris volume 10 page 34
Nouakchott (capital city of Mauritania)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 100
MORE TO EXPLORE
Mauritania volume 8 page 79
shop picture, volume 9 page 100
Nova Scotia (province in eastern Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 101, picture,
volume 9 page 102, picture, volume 9
page 102
novel (literature)
fiction volume 5 page 18
novella (literature)
fiction volume 5 page 18
Novgorod (historical principality in Russia)
Russia volume 11 page 106
NOW (U.S. organization): see in index
National Organization forWomen
Nubia (ancient region in Africa)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 103
MORE TO EXPLORE
Africa volume 1 page 42
Kush volume 7 page 90
Sudan volume 12 page 200
nuclear bomb (military technology)
bomb volume 2 page 104
nuclear energy
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 103
MORE TO EXPLORE
energy volume 4 page 138
power plant cooling towers picture, volume
9 page 104
nuclear fission (physics)
nuclear energy volume 9 page 104
nuclear fusion (physics)
nuclear energy volume 9 page 104
nuclear physics (science)
Curie family volume 3 page 231
nuclear power
aircraft carrier picture, volume 9 page 25
energy sources picture, volume 4
page 139
nuclear-powered submarine (ship)
submarine volume 12 page 198, picture,
volume 12 page 197
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA nuclear-powered submarine 181
nuclear radiation (physics)
radiation volume 11 page 17
nuclear submarine (ship): see in index
nuclear-powered submarine
Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (international
treaty, 1963)
Kennedy volume 7 page 55
nuclear weapon
Einstein volume 4 page 116
nuclear energy volume 9 page 104
nucleic acid (chemical substance)
virus volume 14 page 97, picture, volume
14 page 98
nucleus (comets center)
comet volume 3 page 166
nucleus (part of living cell)
cell volume 3 page 66
animal picture, volume 3 page 66, picture,
volume 9 page 35
plant picture, volume 3 page 67
protozoan volume 10 page 160
nucleus (physics): see in index atomic
nucleus
Nuit (Egyptian goddess): see in index Nut
Nukualofa (capital city of Tonga)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 105
MORE TO EXPLORE
Royal Palace picture, volume 9 page 105
Tonga volume 13 page 79
numbat (mammal)
marsupial picture, volume 8 page 63
number (mathematics)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 105, picture,
volume 9 page 106
MORE TO EXPLORE
common abbreviations table, volume 1
page 8
numerator (mathematics)
numbers and number systems volume 9
page 106
numero (mathematics): see in index number
nun (monasticism)
Jainism volume 7 page 9
nunatak (geological formation)
Antarctica volume 1 page 135
Nunavut (territory in Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 108
MORE TO EXPLORE
Canada volume 3 page 26
Eskimo volume 4 page 153
ice fishing picture, volume 9 page 109
Nuremberg (city in Germany)
Storm Troopers picture, volume 9
page 26
Nuremberg trials (1945-46, history of
WorldWar II)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 110, picture,
volume 9 page 110
MORE TO EXPLORE
Holocaust volume 6 page 72
human rights volume 6 page 97
WorldWar II volume 15 page 71
Nurnberg (city in Germany): see in index
Nuremberg
Nurnberg trials (1945-46, Germany): see
in index Nuremberg trials
nurse (medical profession): see in index
nursing
nurse midwife (medical profession)
nursing volume 9 page 111
nurse practitioner (medical profession)
nursing volume 9 page 111
nursery rhyme (literature)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 110
MORE TO EXPLORE
storytelling volume 12 page 194
nursing (breast-feeding a baby)
endocrine system volume 4 page 135
polar bear cubs picture, volume 8
page 35
nursing (medical profession)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 111, picture,
volume 9 page 111
MORE TO EXPLORE
Nightingale volume 9 page 70
Nut (Egyptian goddess)
Re volume 11 page 31
nut (food)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 112
MORE TO EXPLORE
shell volume 12 page 80
Nutrasweet (sugar substitute): see in index
aspartame
nutrient (biochemistry)
food and nutrition volume 5 page 43
nutrition
MAIN ARTICLE volume 5 page 43
MORE TO EXPLORE
absorption and delivery
liver functions picture, volume 7
page 167
lymph and blood vessels picture, volume
7 page 190
living thing volume 7 page 168
USDA food guide pyramid picture, volume
5 page 44
Nuu-chah-nulth (Native American
people): see in index Nootka
Nuuk (capital city of Greenland)
Greenland volume 5 page 157
N.W.A. (U.S. rap group)
rap volume 11 page 27
NWSA (U.S. political organization): see
in index NationalWoman Suffrage
Association
Nyamulagira, Mount (mountain in
Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Virunga Mountains volume 14 page 97
Nyasa, Lake (lake in Africa)
Malawi shore picture, volume 8 page 26
Nyasaland Districts Protectorate
(African-British history)
Malawi volume 8 page 26
Nyatsimba (African king)
Monomotapa volume 8 page 169
Nycticebus (primate): see in index slow
loris
Nyiragongo, Mount (mountain in
Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Virunga Mountains volume 14 page 97
nylon (man-made fiber)
clothing volume 3 page 142
fibers volume 5 page 17
nymph (Greek mythology)
Perseus volume 10 page 60
O (chemical element): see in index oxygen
182 nuclear radiation BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
O3: see in index ozone
Oahu (island in Hawaii, U.S.)
Hawaii volume 6 page 27
oak (tree and shrub)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 114, picture,
volume 9 page 114
oar (watercraft part)
boat types picture, volume 2 page 98
navy volume 9 page 26
OAS (Pan-American organization): see in
index American States, Organization of
oasis (geological feature)
Ashgabat volume 1 page 199
desert volume 4 page 40
Sahara volume 12 page 8
oat bran
oats volume 9 page 115
oat flour
oats volume 9 page 115
oats (grain)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 114
MORE TO EXPLORE
oat plants picture, volume 9 page 114
OAU (intergovernmental organization):
see in index African Unity, Organization
of
Oaxaca (state in Mexico)
Zapotec volume 15 page 103
Obama, Barack (president of the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 115, picture,
volume 9 page 115
MORE TO EXPLORE
timeline volume 9 page 116
obelisk (pillar)
Aksum volume 1 page 59, picture, volume
1 page 59
Oberon (moon of Uranus)
Uranus volume 14 page 39
objective lens (optical device)
binoculars volume 2 page 72, picture,
volume 2 page 72
microscope volume 8 page 120
telescope volume 13 page 38
oboe (musical instrument)
wind instruments picture, volume 8
page 217
observatory (astronomy): see in index
astronomical observatory
observing station: see in index weather
station
obtuse angle (mathematics)
geometry volume 5 page 98
O Canada (Canadian national anthem)
national anthem volume 9 page 13
occupational safety: see in index safety
ocean (Earth feature)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 117
MORE TO EXPLORE
climate volume 3 page 137
exploration volume 4 page 174
food chain picture, volume 5 page 45
prehistoric life volume 10 page 145
tsunami volume 13 page 103, picture,
volume 13 page 104
water volume 15 page 22
ocean basin (Earth feature)
ocean volume 9 page 118
ocean current
Atlantic Ocean volume 1 page 221
ocean volume 9 page 117
Pacific Ocean volume 10 page 4
ocean floor
ocean volume 9 page 118
oceanic island picture, volume 6
page 166
tube worms picture, volume 9 page 118
Oceania (region in the Pacific Ocean)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 119
MORE TO EXPLORE
images
dancers in Papua New Guinea picture,
volume 9 page 121
French Polynesian islands picture, volume
9 page 119
peoples: see in index Maori
oceanic dolphin (mammal): see in index
true dolphin
oceanic island (geology)
coral atoll picture, volume 6 page 167
island volume 6 page 167, picture, volume
6 page 166
oceanic ridge (marine geology)
ocean volume 9 page 118
oceanic trench (marine geology): see in
index trench
ocean liner (ship): see in index cruise ship
oceanography (science)
bathyscaphe picture, volume 4 page 174
ocean volume 9 page 119
submarine picture, volume 9 page 119
Oceanside (city in California, U.S.)
California missions table, volume 8
page 140
ocellated turkey (bird)
turkey volume 13 page 114
ocelot (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 122, picture,
volume 9 page 122
Octavia (wife of Mark Antony)
Cleopatra volume 3 page 135
Octavian (Roman emperor): see in index
Augustus
October Revolution (Russian history)
Russian Revolution volume 11 page 108
octopus (mollusk)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 123, picture,
volume 9 page 123
MORE TO EXPLORE
eye picture, volume 4 page 176
mollusk volume 8 page 156
Octopus, The (capital city of Peru): see in
index Lima
ocular (part of optical instrument): see in
index eyepiece
Odin (Norse god)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 124, picture,
volume 9 page 124
MORE TO EXPLORE
Valhalla volume 14 page 51
Vikings volume 14 page 89
Odobenus rosmarus (mammal): see in
index walrus
Australia
Fiji
French
Polynesia
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia,
Federated
States of
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New
Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
For more about Oceania,
look for these articles:
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Odobenus rosmarus 183
Odontoceti (mammal): see in index
toothed whale
Odyssey (epic poem by Homer)
ancient Greece volume 5 page 154
Homer volume 6 page 76
Oea (ancient city in Libya): see in index
Tripoli
Oedipus (Greek mythology)
sphinx volume 12 page 163
offense (sports)
basketball volume 2 page 34
football volume 5 page 49
officer (military rank)
army volume 1 page 189
official language (legal designation)
language volume 7 page 105
offset printing
bookmaking picture, volume 2 page 109
Oglala (Native American people)
Crazy Horse volume 3 page 211
Oglethorpe, James Edward (British military
officer)
Georgia volume 5 page 102
Ohio (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 125
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Cleveland lakeshore picture, volume 9
page 126
Columbus riverwalk picture, volume 3
page 162
farmland picture, volume 9 page 126
Ohio River (river in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 127
MORE TO EXPLORE
confluence with Mississippi River picture,
volume 9 page 127
Mississippi River volume 8 page 144
Pittsburgh picture, volume 10 page 57
Oia (city in Greece) picture, volume 5
page 152
oil (fossil fuel): see in index petroleum
oil derrick: see in index oil rig
oil gland (anatomy)
skin volume 12 page 101
oil gland (bird anatomy): see in index
preen gland
oil platform picture, volume 9 page 93
oil refinery: see in index petroleum refinery
oil rig (petroleum industry)
Caspian Sea picture, volume 2 page 10
oil spill
cleanup picture, volume 10 page 118
oil well (industry)
Texas volume 13 page 52
Ojibwa (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 127, picture,
volume 9 page 128
MORE TO EXPLORE
Algonquian volume 1 page 80
Fox volume 5 page 57
Manitoba volume 8 page 44
Ontario volume 9 page 140
Okavango River (river in Africa)
delta picture, volume 2 page 117
OKeeffe, Georgia (U.S. artist)
painting volume 10 page 11
Okefenokee Swamp (swamp in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 128
MORE TO EXPLORE
white ibises picture, volume 14 page 26
Okinawa, Battle of (Japanese-U.S. history)
WorldWar II volume 15 page 70
Oklahoma (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 129
MORE TO EXPLORE
Gloss Mountain State Park picture, volume
9 page 130
Native Americans
Caddo volume 3 page 7
Comanche volume 3 page 164, picture,
volume 9 page 130
Oklahoma City (state capital of Oklahoma,
U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 131
MORE TO EXPLORE
Oklahoma volume 9 page 129
Oklahoma City National Memorial
picture, volume 9 page 131
Oklahoma City bombing (terrorist
attack in the U.S.)
Oklahoma volume 9 page 130
Oklahoma City National Memorial
(national memorial in Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma, U.S.) picture, volume 9
page 131
Oku no hosomichi (poetic diary by
Basho): see in index Narrow Road to
the Deep North, The
Olaf II Haraldsson (king of Norway)
Norway volume 9 page 98
Olavinlinna Castle (castle in Finland)
picture, volume 5 page 23
Old Delhi (city in Delhi metropolitan
area, India)
Red Fort picture, volume 4 page 32
Old English language
England volume 4 page 140
Old English sheepdog (breed of dog)
herding dogs table, volume 4 page 62
Old Glory (U.S. flag): see in index Stars
and Stripes
Old Hickory (president of the U.S.): see
in index Jackson, Andrew
Old Ironsides (ship): see in index
Constitution
Old Kingdom (Egyptian history)
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 114
Old Line State (state in the U.S.): see in
index Maryland
old-mans beard (lichen) picture, volume
7 page 146
Old Osawatomie Brown (U.S. abolitionist):
see in index Brown, John
Old Rough and Ready (president of
the U.S.): see in index Taylor, Zachary
Old Stone Age (anthropology): see in
index Paleolithic Period
Old Style calendar: see in index Julian
calendar
Old Testament (biblical text)
Bible volume 2 page 67
Christianity volume 3 page 112
Old Town (district in Stockholm, Sweden):
see in index Gamla Stan
Old Town (district in Edinburgh, Scotland,
United Kingdom)
Edinburgh volume 4 page 104
184 Odontoceti BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
OldWorld blackbird (bird)
blackbird volume 2 page 84
OldWorld monkey (primate) picture,
volume 8 page 167
monkey volume 8 page 167
OldWorld sparrow (bird)
sparrow volume 12 page 159
OldWorld vulture (bird)
vulture volume 14 page 106
Olea europaea (tree): see in index olive
Ole Miss (university in Oxford, Mississippi,
U.S.): see in index Mississippi,
University of
olfaction (sense): see in index smell
olfactory sense (sense): see in index smell
olive (tree and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 131, picture,
volume 9 page 132
olive baboon (primate): see in index
anubis baboon
Oliver Twist (work by Dickens)
Dickens volume 4 page 45
Olmec (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 132
MORE TO EXPLORE
Mexico volume 8 page 111
North America volume 9 page 82
Olmec rock sculpture picture, volume 9
page 132
Olympia (state capital ofWashington,
U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 133
Olympic Games
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 133
MORE TO EXPLORE
ancient Greece volume 5 page 155
horse volume 6 page 87
images
African American silent protest in
1968 picture, volume 1 page 44
closing ceremony at 2006Winter
Games picture, volume 9 page 134
cycling picture, volume 3 page 234
footrace event picture, volume 9
page 134
Owens in 1936 Olympic Games picture,
volume 9 page 159
marathon volume 8 page 53
Owens volume 9 page 159
Rudolph volume 11 page 100
soccer volume 12 page 119
sports volume 12 page 168
Thorpe volume 13 page 61
track and field volume 13 page 84
volleyball volume 14 page 104
Winter Olympics: see in indexWinter
Olympics
wrestling volume 15 page 73
Olympus, Mount (mountain in Greece)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 135
MORE TO EXPLORE
Greece volume 5 page 151
Omaha (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 135
MORE TO EXPLORE
Omaha traditional clothing picture,
volume 9 page 135
Osage volume 9 page 152
Oman (country in the Middle East)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 136, picture,
volume 9 page 136
MORE TO EXPLORE
Muscat picture, volume 8 page 206
Omayyad Caliphate (Islamic history): see
in index Umayyad Caliphate
Omdurman (city in The Sudan)
Khartoum volume 7 page 61
omnivore (biology)
mammal volume 8 page 37
on-deck circle (part of baseball field)
baseball field picture, volume 2 page 31
Oneida (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 137
MORE TO EXPLORE
Hiawatha volume 6 page 49
Iroquois volume 6 page 160
Oneida baskets picture, volume 9
page 137
ONeill, Eugene (U.S. playwright)
drama volume 4 page 74
one-party system (politics)
political party volume 10 page 114
onion (plant and food)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 137, picture,
volume 9 page 138
MORE TO EXPLORE
garlic volume 5 page 90
Onondaga (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 138
MORE TO EXPLORE
Fort Onondaga picture, volume 9
page 138
Hiawatha volume 6 page 49
Iroquois volume 6 page 160
Ontario (province in Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 139, picture,
volume 9 page 140
MORE TO EXPLORE
Lake Ontario volume 9 page 141
Ontario, Lake (lake in North America)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 141
MORE TO EXPLORE
beach and inlet picture, volume 9
page 141
Great Lakes volume 5 page 147
Toronto picture, volume 9 page 81
On the Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection (work by Darwin)
Darwin volume 4 page 17
evolution volume 4 page 171
Oort Cloud (astronomy)
solar system volume 12 page 128, picture,
volume 12 page 127
OPEC (multinational organization)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 150, picture,
volume 9 page 150
open-pit mine (mining) picture, volume 8
page 133
open prison: see in index minimumsecurity
prison
open-range zoo
zoo volume 15 page 108
open stage (theater): see in index thrust
stage
opera (performing art)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 141
MORE TO EXPLORE
The Barber of Seville picture, volume
9 page 142
operating room (physiology) picture,
volume 12 page 207
operating system (computing)
computer volume 3 page 173
operation (medical procedure): see in
index surgery
Operation Desert Shield (U.S. military
operation): see in index Desert Shield,
Operation
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Operation Desert Shield 185
Operation PUSH (U.S. organization):
see in index PUSH, Operation
opinion (law)
United States government volume 14
page 36
OpiumWars (Chinese history)
China volume 3 page 103
OpokuWare (African ruler)
Ashanti volume 1 page 197
opossum (marsupial)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 142, picture,
volume 9 page 142
MORE TO EXPLORE
marsupial volume 8 page 63
young opossum picture, volume 13
page 6
Opportunity (Mars rover) picture, volume
12 page 152
Mars volume 8 page 60
opposable thumb (anatomy)
hand volume 6 page 12
optical fiber (technology) picture, volume
5 page 15
fiber optics volume 5 page 15, picture,
volume 5 page 15
optical illusion
mirage picture, volume 8 page 138
refraction picture, volume 9 page 143
optical microscope (scientific instrument)
microscope volume 8 page 120
optic nerve (anatomy of the eye)
eye picture, volume 4 page 175
optics (science)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 143
oracle (religion)
Delphi volume 4 page 32
oral cavity (anatomy): see in index mouth
oral literature
literature volume 7 page 160
oral tradition
mythology volume 8 page 222
storytelling volume 12 page 193
orange (tree and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 143
MORE TO EXPLORE
citrus fruits volume 3 page 123
fruit picture, volume 5 page 72
navel orange picture, volume 9 page 144
Orange Free State (historical independent
state and province in South Africa)
South Africa volume 12 page 138
orangutan (primate)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 144, picture,
volume 9 page 144
MORE TO EXPLORE
apes volume 1 page 146, picture, volume
1 page 147, picture, volume 1
page 148
Orava Castle (castle in Slovakia) picture,
volume 12 page 109
orbit (astronomy)
comet volume 3 page 166
Moon volume 8 page 178
planets and dwarf planets volume 10
page 93, picture, volume 10 page 93
Earth volume 4 page 90
Jupiter volume 7 page 41
Mars volume 8 page 59
Mercury volume 8 page 102
Neptune volume 9 page 33
Pluto volume 10 page 101
Saturn volume 12 page 42
Uranus volume 14 page 39
Venus volume 14 page 66
orca (whale): see in index killer whale
orchestra (music)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 145
MORE TO EXPLORE
classical music volume 3 page 132
musical instruments volume 8
page 215
seating chart by instrument picture,
volume 9 page 145
orchid (plant and flower)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 146
MORE TO EXPLORE
fly orchid mimicry picture, volume 8
page 130
moth orchid picture, volume 9 page 146
vanilla volume 14 page 57
orders of knighthood
knight volume 7 page 74
ordinary (bicycle) picture, volume 2
page 69
ore (mineral)
metal volume 8 page 106, picture, volume
8 page 106
Oregon (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 147
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Elowah Falls picture, volume 9
page 147
Portland picture, volume 9 page 148
State Capitol picture, volume 12
page 20
Polk volume 10 page 116
Oregon Trail (historic route in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 149
MORE TO EXPLORE
Idaho volume 6 page 112
Oregon volume 9 page 148
pioneer life volume 10 page 88
Salem volume 12 page 20
organelle (part of cell)
animal cell picture, volume 3 page 66
plant cell picture, volume 3 page 67
organic material (chemical compound)
soil volume 12 page 124
organism: see in index living thing
Organization of: see in index under the
specific part of the name, for example,
African Unity, Organization of except as
found below
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries (multinational organization):
see in index OPEC
organized crime
crime volume 3 page 216
organized labor
Chavez volume 3 page 84
Industrial Revolution volume 6
page 134
labor volume 7 page 97
organ transplant (surgery): see in index
transplant
oriental coral snake (reptile)
various snakes picture, volume 12
page 113
Oriental fire-bellied toad (amphibian)
picture, volume 13 page 73
Oriental giant squirrel (rodent): see in
index giant squirrel of Asia
Oriental rug (floor covering)
rug and carpet volume 11 page 102
186 Operation PUSH BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
origami (art)
Peace Memorial Park picture, volume 6
page 60
Orion (Greek mythology)
Artemis volume 1 page 191
Orion (constellation) picture, volume 3
page 188
Orizaba (volcano in Mexico): see in index
Citlaltepetl
Orlando (city in Florida, U.S.)
Florida volume 5 page 35
Ornithischia (dinosaur order)
dinosaur volume 4 page 51, picture, volume
4 page 50
Ornithomimus (dinosaur genus)
dinosaurs in scale picture, volume 4
page 53
Orozco, Jose Clemente (Mexican
painter)
painting picture, volume 10
page 11
Orpheus (Greek mythology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 151, picture,
volume 9 page 151
orthodontics (dentistry)
dentistry volume 4 page 38
orthodontist: see in index orthodontics
Orthodox Judaism
Judaism volume 7 page 38
OS (computing): see in index operating
system
Osage (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 152
MORE TO EXPLORE
Peter Bigheart, Osage chief picture, volume
9 page 152
Wichita volume 15 page 44
Osceola (Seminole leader)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 152, picture,
volume 9 page 153
Osei Tutu (ruler of the Ashanti kingdom)
Ashanti volume 1 page 197
Osiris (Egyptian god)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 6 page 162, picture,
volume 6 page 163
MORE TO EXPLORE
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 113
Oskjuvatn, Lake (lake in Iceland) picture,
volume 6 page 108
Oslo (capital city of Norway)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 153
MORE TO EXPLORE
Norway volume 9 page 97
Osman I (Ottoman sultan)
Ottoman Empire volume 9 page 156
Ossa, Mount (mountain in Tasmania,
Australia)
Tasmania volume 13 page 19
Ostend Manifesto (U.S. history)
Buchanan volume 2 page 139
ostrich (bird)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 154, picture,
volume 9 page 154
MORE TO EXPLORE
bird volume 2 page 76
flightless birds volume 2
page 79
Oswald, Lee Harvey (U.S. assassin)
Kennedy volume 7 page 55
Oto (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 154
MORE TO EXPLORE
Missouri people volume 8 page 145
Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Oklahoma
(Native American people)
Missouri people volume 8 page 145
Oto volume 9 page 155
Ottawa (Native American people)
Pontiac volume 10 page 123
Ottawa (capital city of Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 155
MORE TO EXPLORE
Canada volume 3 page 23
Canada Day volume 3 page 27
Ontario volume 9 page 139
otter (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 155, picture,
volume 9 page 156
Otto III (Holy Roman emperor)
Holy Roman Empire volume 6 page 75
Otto, Nikolaus (German engineer)
automobile history volume 1 page 237
internal-combustion engine volume 6
page 141
technology and invention volume 13
page 27
Ottoman Empire (historic empire in
Eurasia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 156
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Africa
Tripoli volume 13 page 98
Tunisia volume 13 page 110
Armenia volume 1 page 185
Balkan Peninsula volume 2 page 12
Albania volume 1 page 66
Belgrade volume 2 page 56
Bosnia and Herzegovina volume 2
page 113, volume 12 page 37
Bulgaria volume 2 page 148
Greece volume 1 page 219, volume 5
page 152
Macedonia volume 8 page 5
Montenegro volume 8 page 175
Tirane volume 13 page 69
Middle East volume 8 page 124
Arabian Peninsula volume 1
page 157
Cyprus volume 3 page 237
Egypt volume 4 page 110
Iraq volume 6 page 152
Jordan volume 7 page 34
Lebanon volume 7 page 121
Saudi Arabia volume 12 page 44
Turkey volume 13 page 112
Yemen volume 15 page 91
history
Byzantine Empire volume 2 page 159
Islam volume 6 page 165
Istanbul volume 6 page 171
WorldWar I volume 15 page 63
Yugoslavia volume 15 page 95
Ouagadougou (capital city of Burkina
Faso)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 157
MORE TO EXPLORE
Burkina Faso volume 2 page 151
ounce (unit of measure)
common abbreviations table, volume 1
page 8
measurement volume 8 page 90
Our Lady of Peace, Basilica of (church
in Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire) picture,
volume 15 page 85
out (sports)
softball volume 12 page 123
Outback (region in Australia)
Australia volume 1 page 229
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Outback 187
outboard motorboat (watercraft)
boat volume 2 page 98
outer ear (anatomy)
ear volume 4 page 87, picture, volume 4
page 87
Outer Mongolia (country in Asia): see in
index Mongolia
outer space: see in index space
outfield (sports)
baseball volume 2 page 30, picture, volume
2 page 31
softball volume 12 page 122
Outsiders, The (work by Hinton)
Hinton volume 6 page 58
ova (animal reproductive cells): see in
index ovum
Oval Office (office in the White House,
Washington, D.C.) picture, volume 14
page 34
Ovambo (people)
Namibia volume 9 page 6
ovaries (animal and human): see in index
ovary
ovary (animal and human)
endocrine system volume 4 page 136,
picture, volume 4 page 135
reproductive system volume 11 page 48
human reproductive system picture,
volume 11 page 47, picture, volume
11 page 48
overseas trade: see in index international
trade
oviduct (anatomy): see in index fallopian
tube
Oviraptor (dinosaur)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 158, picture,
volume 9 page 158
MORE TO EXPLORE
dinosaurs in scale picture, volume 4
page 53
ovulation (physiology)
reproductive system volume 11 page 48
ovule (botany)
parts of a flower picture, volume 5
page 38
ovum (animal reproductive cell)
egg volume 4 page 108
Owens, Jesse (U.S. athlete)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 159, picture,
volume 9 page 159
owl (bird)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 159, picture,
volume 9 page 159
MORE TO EXPLORE
birds of prey volume 2 page 80
owl monkey (primate): see in index night
monkey
ox (mammal)
rice planting work picture, volume 1
page 48
oxeye daisy (flowering plant)
daisy volume 4 page 6
oxygen (chemical element)
air volume 1 page 51
algae volume 1 page 76
anatomy and physiology
blood volume 2 page 92, picture, volume
3 page 40
cardiovascular system picture, volume
3 page 39
respiratory system volume 11 page 54
lung volume 7 page 184
atmosphere volume 1 page 223
combustion volume 3 page 165
fire volume 5 page 25
firefighting volume 5 page 25
living thing volume 7 page 168
ozone volume 9 page 160
photosynthesis volume 10 page 78
forest volume 5 page 54
plankton volume 10 page 94
plant volume 10 page 96
water molecule picture, volume 8
page 155
oxygen cycle
air volume 1 page 51
photosynthesis picture, volume 10
page 78
oyster (mollusk)
jewelry and gems volume 7 page 24
mollusk volume 8 page 156
shell volume 12 page 80
oz. (unit of measure): see in index ounce
Ozark Mountains (mountain range in
the U.S.)
waterfall picture, volume 1 page 180
ozone (chemistry)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 9 page 160
MORE TO EXPLORE
atmosphere volume 1 page 223
ozone hole picture, volume 9 page 160
ozone hole (atmospheric phenomenon)
Antarctic ozone hole picture, volume 9
page 160
ozone layer (atmospheric region)
atmosphere volume 1 page 223
ozone volume 9 page 160, picture, volume
9 page 160
pollution volume 10 page 118
PA (Palestinian government): see in index
Palestinian Authority
Pachomius, Saint (Egyptian monk)
monk volume 8 page 166
Pachycephalosaurus (dinosaur)
dinosaurs in scale picture, volume 4
page 53
Pacific,War of the (South American
history, 1879-83)
Bolivia volume 2 page 103
Peru volume 10 page 65
Pacific Ocean
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 4
MORE TO EXPLORE
exploration
Balboa volume 2 page 11
Cook volume 3 page 193
Drake volume 4 page 70
Magellan volume 8 page 15
geography and geology
coral island picture, volume 10 page 4
ocean volume 9 page 117
oceanic island picture, volume 6
page 166
Panama City picture, volume 10
page 24
Ring of Fire volume 11 page 66
volcano volume 14 page 100
trans-Pacific container ship picture, volume
10 page 5
Pacific Plate (geology)
Pacific Ocean volume 10 page 4
188 outboard motorboat BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
plate tectonics volume 10 page 98
Ring of Fire volume 11 page 66
Pacific salmon (fish)
salmon volume 12 page 22
pacifism (political philosophy)
peace movements volume 10 page 44
pack (animal behavior)
dog volume 4 page 61
jackal volume 7 page 4
pack ice (ice formation)
Arctic Ocean volume 1 page 173
paddy (agriculture)
images
Cambodia picture, volume 3
page 18
India picture, volume 11 page 63
Japan picture, volume 7 page 135
rice volume 11 page 63
Paekche (ancient kingdom in Korea)
North Korea volume 7 page 80
South Korea volume 7 page 83
Paektu, Mount (mountain in North
Korea) picture, volume 7 page 81
North Korea volume 7 page 79
Pagan (city in Myanmar)
Buddhist temples picture, volume 8
page 221
page (rank)
knight volume 7 page 74
pagoda (tower)
architecture volume 1 page 169
images
Hanoi picture, volume 6 page 13
Kyoto picture, volume 7 page 12
Sule Pagoda picture, volume 15
page 86
Pa-Hay-Okee (region in Florida, U.S.):
see in index Everglades
Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza Shah (shah
of Iran): see in index Mohammad Reza
Shah Pahlavi
Pahlavi, Reza Shah (shah of Iran): see in
index Reza Shah Pahlavi
Pahlavi Dynasty (Iranian dynasty)
Iran volume 6 page 149
Paiea (king of Hawaii): see in index
Kamehameha I
Paige, Satchel (U.S. baseball player)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 5, picture,
volume 10 page 6
MORE TO EXPLORE
Bell volume 2 page 59
Paine, Thomas (British-U.S. author)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 6
MORE TO EXPLORE
Declaration of Independence volume 4
page 24
painter (art): see in index painting
painting (art)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 7
MORE TO EXPLORE
20th century
Painting by Miro picture, volume 10
page 12
Zapatistas by Orozco picture, volume
10 page 11
ancient and prehistoric
cave painting picture, volume 10
page 8
Greek vase painting picture, volume 12
page 160
Chinese scroll paintings picture, volume
10 page 9
Napoleon in His Study by David picture,
volume 9 page 8
Pan American Unity by Rivera picture,
volume 11 page 68
Persian illuminated manuscript picture,
volume 10 page 8
Renaissance
AWoman at Her Toilet by Titian
picture, volume 10 page 9
detail of School of Athens by
Raphael picture, volume 10 page 73
The Last Supper by Leonardo da
Vinci picture, volume 7 page 132
Rubens depiction of Marie de Medicis
picture, volume 8 page 91
The Wheelbarrow, Orchard by Pissarro
picture, volume 10 page 10
Painting (painting by Miro) picture,
volume 10 page 12
Paiute (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 12
MORE TO EXPLORE
Paiute basket weaver picture, volume 10
page 12
Winnemucca volume 15 page 51
Pakistan (country in Asia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 13
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Asia volume 1 page 200
tombs picture, volume 10 page 14
history
Bangladesh volume 2 page 22
India volume 6 page 125
refugee volume 11 page 41
timeline volume 10 page 13
people and culture
cotton field picture, volume 10 page 14
NATO earthquake relief efforts picture,
volume 9 page 84
Ramadan meal preparation picture,
volume 11 page 26
palace (architecture)
tsars palace in Saint Petersburg picture,
volume 11 page 108
Westminster picture, volume 13 page 56
Palace of: see in index under the specific
part of the name, for exampleWestminster,
Palace of
Palaeolithic Period (anthropology): see in
index Paleolithic Period
Palaeozoic Era (prehistoric times): see in
index Paleozoic era
Palau (island country in the Pacific
Ocean)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 16
MORE TO EXPLORE
islands picture, volume 10 page 16
Palazzo Ducale (palace in Venice, Italy):
see in index Doges Palace
pale laurel (shrub)
laurel volume 7 page 116
Paleo-Christian art: see in index Early
Christian art
Paleolithic Period (anthropology)
Stone Age volume 12 page 188
Greco, El
Kahlo, Frida
Leonardo
da Vinci
Michelangelo
Monet, Claude
Picasso, Pablo
Rembrandt
Rivera, Diego
Van Gogh,
Vincent
Warhol, Andy
For more about painting, look for
articles on these painters:
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Paleolithic Period 189
paleontologist
geology volume 5 page 97
paleontology volume 10 page 17
paleontology (science)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 17, picture,
volume 10 page 17
MORE TO EXPLORE
human origins volume 6 page 94
Paleozoic era (prehistoric time period)
geology volume 5 page 97
prehistoric life volume 10 page 144,
table, volume 10 page 145
Palestine (region in the Middle East)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 17
MORE TO EXPLORE
Arab-IsraeliWars volume 1 page 158
Israel volume 6 page 169
Judaism volume 7 page 38
Tel Aviv-Yafo volume 13 page 34, picture,
volume 13 page 33
Jerusalem volume 7 page 21
Jordan volume 7 page 34
Middle East volume 8 page 124
Palestine Liberation Organization volume
10 page 19
refugee volume 11 page 41
WorldWar I volume 15 page 63
Palestine Liberation Organization (Palestinian
political organization)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 19
MORE TO EXPLORE
Arab-IsraeliWars volume 1 page 159
Israel volume 6 page 170
Lebanon volume 7 page 121
Palestine volume 10 page 19
signing peace agreement picture, volume
10 page 19
Palestinian (people)
Bethlehem volume 2 page 64
Israel volume 6 page 168
Palestine Liberation Organization volume
10 page 19
Palestinian Authority (Palestinian government)
Palestine Liberation Organization volume
10 page 20
Palikir (capital city of the Federated
States of Micronesia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 20
MORE TO EXPLORE
Federated States of Micronesia volume 8
page 119
Pali language
Buddhism volume 2 page 145
palm (tree, shrub, or vine)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 20, picture,
volume 10 page 20
MORE TO EXPLORE
Panamanian beach picture, volume 10
page 22
Palmer, Arnold (U.S. golfer)
golf volume 5 page 126
Palmerston (capital city of Northern
Territory, Australia): see in index Darwin
Palm Sunday (Christianity)
Easter volume 4 page 93
Minsk picture, volume 8 page 137
palsy (medical disorder): see in index
paralysis
Pamir Mountains (mountain range in
Central Asia)
snow-covered peaks in Tajikistan picture,
volume 13 page 10
Pampas, the (region in Argentina)
Argentina volume 1 page 175
grassland volume 5 page 143
Pan (Greek god)
Midas volume 8 page 122
Panama (country in Central America)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 21
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
beach picture, volume 10 page 22
Panama City picture, volume 10
page 24
history
Bolivar volume 2 page 101
Bush volume 2 page 155
Panama Canal (canal in Central
America)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 23
MORE TO EXPLORE
canal volume 3 page 28
Panama volume 10 page 21
Panama City volume 10 page 23
Pedro Miguel Locks picture, volume 10
page 23
Roosevelt volume 11 page 95
transportation volume 13 page 93
Panama Canal Zone (region in Panama):
see in index Canal Zone
Panama City (capital city of Panama)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 23, picture,
volume 10 page 24
MORE TO EXPLORE
Panama volume 10 page 21
Pan American Unity (mural by Rivera)
picture, volume 11 page 68
pancreas (anatomy)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 24, picture,
volume 10 page 24
MORE TO EXPLORE
digestive system volume 4 page 48
frog picture, volume 4 page 48
human picture, volume 4 page 47
endocrine system volume 4 page 136,
picture, volume 4 page 135
panda (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 25, picture,
volume 10 page 25
pandemic (disease outbreak)
epidemic volume 4 page 146
Pandora (Greek mythology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 26, picture,
volume 10 page 26
MORE TO EXPLORE
mythology volume 8 page 223
Prometheus volume 10 page 156
Pandoras box (Greek mythology)
Pandora volume 10 page 27
Pangaea (supercontinent)
continent volume 3 page 190
plate tectonics volume 10 page 98
panning (mining method)
miners in Alaska picture, volume 5
page 124
Pantanal (freshwater wetland in Brazil)
picture, volume 2 page 126
Brazil volume 2 page 125
Panth (Sikhism): see in index Khalsa
panther (mammal): see in index leopard;
puma
panther chameleon (reptile) picture, volume
3 page 80
papacy (Roman Catholicism): see in index
pope
Papago (Native American people): see in
index Tohono Oodham
190 paleontologist BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Papal States (historic region in Italy)
Vatican City volume 14 page 59
papaya (tree and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 27, picture,
volume 10 page 27
Papeete (capital city of French Polynesia)
French Polynesia volume 5 page 68
paper
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 27, picture,
volume 10 page 28, picture, volume 10
page 28
MORE TO EXPLORE
book and bookmaking volume 2
page 109
fibers volume 5 page 16
money volume 8 page 161
paperboard (grade of paper): see in index
cardboard
paper folding (art): see in index origami
paper mill
mill machinery picture, volume 10
page 28
paper wasp (insect)
nest volume 9 page 37, picture, volume 9
page 37
papilla (anatomy)
tongue volume 13 page 80
paprika (spice)
pepper volume 10 page 59
Papuan (people)
Papua New Guinea volume 10 page 29
Papua New Guinea (island country in
the Pacific Ocean)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 29
MORE TO EXPLORE
dancers picture, volume 9 page 121, picture,
volume 10 page 29
Oceania volume 9 page 121
Port Moresby picture, volume 10
page 131
papyrus (writing material)
book and bookmaking volume 2
page 109
par (golf )
golf volume 5 page 126
Paraclete (Christianity): see in index Holy
Spirit
parade
images
Chinese New Year picture, volume 3
page 105
Independence Day in Atlanta picture,
volume 6 page 122
Labor Day picture, volume 7 page 99
Mardi Gras picture, volume 8 page 54
parade balloon picture, volume 2
page 15
Port-au-Prince picture, volume 10
page 130
Saint Patricks Day volume 12 page 15
Paraguay (country in South America)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 30, picture,
volume 10 page 31, picture, volume 10
page 31
MORE TO EXPLORE
presidential palace picture, volume 1
page 216
parakeet (bird) picture, volume 2 page 76
parallel (geography): see in index parallels
parallel bars (gymnastics)
gymnastics volume 5 page 174, picture,
volume 5 page 175
parallels (geography)
equator volume 4 page 147
paralysis (medical disorder)
nervous system volume 9 page 36
Paramaribo (capital city of Suriname)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 32, picture,
volume 10 page 32
MORE TO EXPLORE
Suriname volume 12 page 208, picture,
volume 12 page 208
Parana River (river in South America)
Itaipu Dam picture, volume 10 page 31
Paraguay volume 10 page 30
Parasaurolophus (dinosaur genus)
dinosaurs in scale picture, volume 4
page 53
parasite (organism)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 32
MORE TO EXPLORE
drug volume 4 page 78
fungus volume 5 page 75
insect volume 6 page 139
lamprey volume 7 page 103, picture,
volume 7 page 103
mistletoe picture, volume 10 page 33
protozoan volume 10 page 159
parasitism (biology)
symbiosis volume 12 page 222
parathyroid gland (anatomy)
endocrine system volume 4 page 135,
picture, volume 4 page 135
Paris (capital city of France)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 33
MORE TO EXPLORE
Bastille Day parade picture, volume 2
page 38
Eiffel Tower volume 4 page 115, picture,
volume 4 page 115
France volume 5 page 58
Notre Dame Cathedral picture, volume
5 page 89
Paris, Peace of (1783): see in index Paris,
Treaty of
Paris, Treaty of (1763)
French and IndianWar volume 5
page 67
Paris, Treaty of (1783)
Adams volume 1 page 23
American Revolution volume 1
page 102
Paris, Treaty of (1898)
Spanish-AmericanWar volume 12
page 157
Parisii (people)
Paris volume 10 page 34
park
New York City picture, volume 9
page 59
Parker, Catherine Langloh (Australian
writer): see in index Parker, K. Langloh
Parker, Charlie (U.S. musician)
jazz volume 7 page 16
Parker, K. Langloh (Australian writer)
literature for children volume 7
page 164
Parker, Quanah (Comanche chief ) picture,
volume 3 page 164
Parkinson, James (British doctor)
Parkinsons disease volume 10 page 35
Parkinsons disease
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 35, picture,
volume 10 page 35
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Parkinsons disease 191
Parks, Rosa (U.S. civil rights activist)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 36, picture,
volume 10 page 36
MORE TO EXPLORE
civil rights movement volume 3
page 129
Montgomery volume 8 page 177
parliament (form of government)
Canadian House of Commons picture,
volume 10 page 37
Elizabethan Parliament picture, volume
10 page 38
government volume 5 page 132
Parliament (government of the United
Kingdom)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 37, picture,
volume 10 page 38
MORE TO EXPLORE
England volume 4 page 141
legislature volume 7 page 124
United Kingdom volume 14 page 18
Parliament, Houses of (buildings in
London, England, United Kingdom):
see in indexWestminster, Palace of
Parliament House (building in Canberra,
Australia) picture, volume 3
page 29
Parque Nacional Canaima (park in Venezuela):
see in index Canaima, Parque
Nacional
Parr, Catherine (queen of England): see
in index Catherine Parr
Parrant, Pierre (French-Canadian trader)
Saint Paul volume 12 page 16
parrot (bird)
Dominica volume 4 page 65
parrot family volume 10 page 38
parrot family (bird family)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 38
MORE TO EXPLORE
lorikeets picture, volume 10 page 39
Parsiism (religion): see in index Zoroastrianism
Parthenon (temple in Athens, Greece)
architecture volume 1 page 169
Athens volume 1 page 19
Parthian (people)
Persia volume 10 page 61
partial deafness
deafness volume 4 page 21
partial eclipse (astronomy)
eclipse volume 4 page 98
partial vacuum
vacuum volume 14 page 50
particle radiation (physics): see in index
nuclear radiation
partition (architecture): see in index wall
party system: see in index political party
Pashtun (Asian people)
Afghanistan volume 1 page 36
Pakistan volume 10 page 13
Passamaquoddy (Native American
people)
Abnaki volume 1 page 10
passenger pigeon (bird)
extinct animals volume 1 page 126
pigeon volume 10 page 84
passenger train (railroad)
railroad volume 11 page 20
passionflower (plant)
mimicry volume 8 page 131
Passover (Judaism)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 39, picture,
volume 10 page 40
Pasternak, Boris (Russian author)
Soviet Union volume 14 page 12
Pasteur, Louis (French chemist and
microbiologist)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 40, picture,
volume 10 page 40
MORE TO EXPLORE
vaccine volume 14 page 49
pasteurization (heating process)
Pasteur volume 10 page 40
pastime (personal interest activity): see in
index hobby
pastoral nomadism
nomad volume 9 page 76
Patagonia (region in Argentina)
Argentina volume 1 page 175
cattle herding picture, volume 3 page 61
glacier picture, volume 1 page 175
Mount Fitzroy picture, volume 1
page 118
patella (bone)
knee volume 7 page 74
Paterson, Katherine (U.S. author)
literature for children volume 7
page 164
Pathan (Asian people): see in index Pashtun
Pathet Lao (nationalist organization in
Laos)
Laos volume 7 page 107
Pathfinder (United States spacecraft)
Mars volume 8 page 59
view of Sojourner picture, volume 8
page 59
pathogen (disease-producing organism)
human disease volume 4 page 56
patina (art)
bronze volume 2 page 134
patois (language): see in index dialect
patriarch (Eastern Orthodoxy)
Eastern Orthodox Churches volume 4
page 94
patrician (ancient Roman class)
ancient Rome volume 11 page 89
Patrick, Saint (bishop and patron saint
of Ireland)
Saint Patricks Day volume 12 page 15
patrolling (police science)
police volume 10 page 111
pattern (art)
painting volume 10 page 8
Paul, John (U.S. naval officer): see in
index Jones, John Paul
Paul the Apostle, Saint (Christian
Apostle)
Christianity volume 3 page 113
pavement (civil engineering)
road volume 11 page 70
Paviotso (Native American people): see in
index Northern Paiute
Pawnee (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 41
MORE TO EXPLORE
Pawnee traditional clothing picture,
volume 10 page 41
pawpaw (fruit): see in index papaya
192 Parks, Rosa BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pawtuxet (Native American people)
Squanto volume 12 page 170
Payton,Walter (U.S. athlete)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 42, picture,
volume 10 page 42
Pb (chemical element): see in index lead
PC: see in index personal computer
PDA (handheld computer): see in index
personal digital assistant
P. Diddy (U.S. rapper and music producer):
see in index Combs, Sean
pea (legume)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 42, picture,
volume 7 page 125, picture, volume 10
page 42
MORE TO EXPLORE
legume volume 7 page 125
peace
Carter volume 3 page 47
Peace Corps (United States agency)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 43, picture,
volume 10 page 43
MORE TO EXPLORE
Kennedy volume 7 page 55
Peace Garden State (state in the U.S.):
see in index North Dakota
peacekeeping mission
United Nations troops picture, volume
14 page 22
Peace Memorial Park (park in
Hiroshima, Japan)
Hiroshima volume 6 page 60
origami memorials picture, volume 6
page 60
peace movements
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 44, picture,
volume 10 page 44
Peace of Paris (1783): see in index Paris,
Treaty of
Peace Palace (building in The Hague,
Netherlands) picture, volume 6 page 6
Peace Park (park in Taipei, Taiwan) picture,
volume 13 page 7
peach (tree and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 45, picture,
volume 10 page 45
peacock (bird)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 46, picture,
volume 10 page 46
MORE TO EXPLORE
tail volume 13 page 7
peahen (bird)
peacock volume 10 page 46
peanut (plant)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 46, picture,
volume 10 page 47
MORE TO EXPLORE
Carver volume 3 page 51
legume volume 7 page 125
nut volume 9 page 112
Senegal volume 12 page 67, picture, volume
12 page 67
Peanuts (comic strip by Schulz)
Schulz volume 12 page 48, picture, volume
3 page 49
pea order (plant): see in index legume
pear (tree and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 47
MORE TO EXPLORE
Anjou pears picture, volume 10 page 47
pearl (gemstone)
bivalve volume 2 page 84
jewelry and gems volume 7 page 24
mollusk shells picture, volume 7 page 24
pearl barley (cereal)
barley volume 2 page 29
Pearl Harbor (naval base in Hawaii,
U.S.)
Honolulu volume 6 page 80
WorldWar II volume 15 page 68
Pearl Harbor attack (Japanese-U.S. history)
Hawaii volume 6 page 27
Japan volume 7 page 15
peace movements volume 10 page 45
pearl millet (grain)
millet volume 8 page 130
Peary, Robert E. (U.S. explorer)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 48, picture,
volume 10 page 48
MORE TO EXPLORE
Arctic Ocean volume 1 page 173
exploration volume 4 page 174
Henson volume 6 page 41
polar exploration volume 10 page 110,
picture, volume 10 page 110
peasant (social class)
feudalism volume 5 page 14
peat (fossil fuel)
bog volume 2 page 99, picture, volume 2
page 99
coal volume 3 page 144
Okefenokee Swamp volume 9 page 128
peat moss (plant)
moss volume 8 page 190
pecan (tree and nut)
hickory volume 6 page 50
pedal (bicycle part)
machine volume 8 page 7
pediatrics (branch of medicine)
pediatrician and child picture, volume 8
page 92
Pedro I (emperor of Brazil): see in index
Pedro, Dom
Pedro II (emperor of Brazil)
Brazil volume 2 page 127
Pedro, Dom (emperor of Brazil)
Brazil volume 2 page 127
Pedro de Alcantara, Dom (emperor of
Brazil): see in index Pedro II
Pedro Miguel Locks (Panama Canal)
picture, volume 10 page 23
peer group (social relationship)
child development volume 3 page 97
Pegasus (Greek mythology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 49, picture,
volume 10 page 49
Peking (capital city of China): see in
index Beijing
pelagic sea snake (reptile): see in index
yellow-bellied sea snake
Pele (Brazilian athlete)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 50, picture,
volume 10 page 50
Pelecypoda (mollusk): see in index bivalve
Pelee, Mount (volcano in Martinique)
Martinique volume 8 page 66
pelican (bird)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 51
MORE TO EXPLORE
brown pelican picture, volume 10
page 51
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA pelican 193
PeloponnesianWar (ancient Greek history)
ancient Greece volume 5 page 156
Sparta volume 12 page 161
pelvis (anatomy)
dinosaur classification picture, volume 4
page 50
Pemba (island of Tanzania)
Tanzania volume 13 page 15
PembrokeWelsh corgi (breed of dog)
herding dogs table, volume 4 page 62
pen (writing tool)
drawing volume 4 page 75
Penacook Plantation (town in New
Hampshire, U.S.): see in index Concord
penal colony
Australian history volume 1 page 231
Port Arthur picture, volume 13
page 20
Sydney volume 12 page 221
colony volume 3 page 155
penalty (law): see in index punishment
penalty (sports)
rugby volume 11 page 103
soccer volume 12 page 118
penalty kick (sports)
soccer volume 12 page 118, picture, volume
12 page 118
pencil (writing tool)
drawing volume 4 page 75
Pendleton Civil Service Act (U.S. legislation,
1883)
Arthur volume 1 page 193
pendulum (device)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 51, picture,
volume 10 page 52
MORE TO EXPLORE
Galileo volume 5 page 82
penguin (bird)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 52, picture,
volume 10 page 52
MORE TO EXPLORE
Antarctica volume 1 page 137, picture,
volume 1 page 135
birds volume 2 page 77
Falkland Islands picture, volume 5 page 5
flightless birds volume 2 page 79
penicillin (drug)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 53
MORE TO EXPLORE
antibiotics volume 1 page 142
fermentation volume 5 page 11
penicillum mold picture, volume 10
page 53
penis (anatomy) picture, volume 11
page 47
reproductive system volume 11 page 48
penitentiary: see in index prison
Penn,William (English Quaker leader
and colonist)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 54, picture,
volume 10 page 54
MORE TO EXPLORE
Dover volume 4 page 69
Pennsylvania volume 10 page 56
Philadelphia volume 10 page 70
Pennacook (Native American people)
Abnaki volume 1 page 10
New Hampshire volume 9 page 48
Pennsylvania (state in the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 55
MORE TO EXPLORE
family works on a farm picture, volume
10 page 56
geography
Gettysburg National Military Park
picture, volume 10 page 57
Independence Hall picture, volume 10
page 70
Lake Erie picture, volume 4 page 149
Pittsburgh picture, volume 10 page 57
history
Delaware volume 4 page 31
Liberty Bell picture, volume 7
page 141
Penn volume 10 page 54
Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
(building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
U.S.): see in index Independence Hall
penny-farthing (bicycle): see in index
ordinary
Penobscot (Native American people)
Abnaki volume 1 page 10
Pentagon (building in Arlington, Virginia,
U.S.)
bin Laden volume 2 page 71
damage from September 11 picture,
volume 13 page 49
pentathlon (athletic competition)
Thorpe volume 13 page 61
peony (plant and flower)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 58, picture,
volume 10 page 58
people: see in index aboriginal peoples;
Asian peoples; European peoples;
human being; Middle Eastern and
North African peoples; Native American
peoples commune (Chinese agricultural
system): see in index commune
Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen
(historical country in the Middle East)
Yemen volume 15 page 91
peoples of the United States: see in index
African American; Asian American;
Hispanic American; North American
Indian
Peoples Palace (building in Tripoli,
Libya) picture, volume 13 page 98
Peoples Republic of China (country in
Asia): see in index China
People United to Save Humanity (U.S.
organization): see in index PUSH,
Operation
People United to Serve Humanity (U.S.
organization): see in index PUSH,
Operation
Peoria Tribe of Oklahoma (Native
American people): see in index Illinois
pepper (plant and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 58, picture,
volume 10 page 58
MORE TO EXPLORE
cooking on a grill picture, volume 6
page 32
Pequot (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 59
MORE TO EXPLORE
decorated Pequot canoe picture, volume
10 page 59
Mohegan volume 8 page 152
perch (fish)
four animal skeletal systems picture,
volume 12 page 95
perching duck (waterfowl)
duck volume 4 page 81
percussion instrument (musical instrument)
music volume 8 page 213
194 Peloponnesian War BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
musical instruments volume 8 page 215,
picture, volume 8 page 215
orchestra volume 9 page 145, picture,
volume 9 page 145
peregrine falcon (bird)
falcon volume 5 page 4
Perekop Isthmus (isthmus in the
Ukraine)
Crimea volume 3 page 217
Peri, Jacopo (Italian composer)
opera volume 9 page 142
Pericles (Athenian statesman)
Athens volume 1 page 219
pericycle (botany)
root picture, volume 11 page 96
period (physiology): see in index menstruation
periodical (publication): see in index
magazine
periodic table (chemistry) table, volume 3
page 86
chemical element volume 3
page 86
peristalsis (involuntary muscular action)
digestive system volume 4 page 47
Perkin,William Henry (British chemist)
technology and invention volume 13
page 27
permafrost (geology)
tundra volume 13 page 107
permanent memory (mental function):
see in index long-term memory
permanent tooth (anatomy)
teeth volume 13 page 30, picture, volume
13 page 31
Peron, Juan (president of Argentina)
Argentina volume 1 page 176
Perry, Oliver Hazard (U.S. naval officer)
War of 1812 volume 15 page 13
Persephone (Greek goddess)
ancient coin picture, volume 3 page 47
Demeter volume 4 page 34
Hades volume 6 page 5
Persepolis (ancient Persian city)
Apadana picture, volume 10 page 61
Perseus (Greek mythology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 60, picture,
volume 10 page 60
MORE TO EXPLORE
Pegasus volume 10 page 49
Persia (historic region and kingdom in
Asia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 61
MORE TO EXPLORE
Alexander the Great volume 1 page 73
Iran volume 6 page 148
Muscat volume 8 page 207
painting picture, volume 10 page 8
PersianWars volume 10 page 63
Peter the Great volume 10 page 67
ruins in Persepolis picture, volume 10
page 61
Zoroastrianism volume 15 page 110
Persian (people)
Iran volume 6 page 148
Persian Empire (historic empire from
about 550 BC-640 AD): see in index
Persia
Persian GulfWar (1991)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 62
MORE TO EXPLORE
Arab nations
Iraq volume 6 page 153
Baghdad volume 2 page 7
Saddam Hussein volume 12 page 7
Kuwait volume 7 page 91, volume 7
page 92
Saudi Arabia volume 12 page 45
United States
Bush volume 2 page 155
Powell volume 10 page 141
Schwarzkopf with troops picture, volume
10 page 62
Persian language: see in index Farsi language
Persian lynx (mammal): see in index caracal
PersianWars (ancient Greek and Persian
history)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 63, picture,
volume 10 page 63
MORE TO EXPLORE
ancient Greece volume 5 page 155
Sparta volume 12 page 161
personal computer
computer volume 3 page 172
electronic games volume 4 page 121
personal digital assistant (handheld
computer)
computer volume 3 page 172
Perth (state capital ofWestern Australia,
Australia)
Western Australia volume 15 page 30
Peru (country in South America)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 64
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Andes valley farmland picture, volume
10 page 65
macaws picture, volume 10 page 64
Machu Picchu volume 8 page 8
town plaza in Arequipa picture, volume
10 page 65
history
Bolivar volume 2 page 101
De Soto volume 4 page 41
Ecuador volume 4 page 103
Pesach (Judaism): see in index Passover
Pest (former town in Hungary)
Budapest volume 2 page 141
pest (vermin)
rodent volume 11 page 28, volume 11
page 80
pesticide (chemical agent)
food poisoning volume 5 page 46
pollution volume 10 page 118
pet (animal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 66
MORE TO EXPLORE
dog picture, volume 10 page 66
veterinary medicine volume 14 page 75
petal (botany)
cabbage volume 3 page 4
rose volume 11 page 97
Peten (forested region in Guatemala)
Guatemala volume 5 page 166
Peter, Saint (Christian Apostle)
pope volume 10 page 125
Peter I (emperor of Russia): see in index
Peter the Great
Peter IV of Portugal (emperor of Brazil):
see in index Pedro, Dom
Peter Pan (fictional character)
dramatization picture, volume 4 page 72
Peter the Apostle, Saint (Christian
Apostle): see in index Peter, Saint
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Peter the Apostle, Saint 195
Peter the Great (emperor of Russia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 66, picture,
volume 10 page 67
MORE TO EXPLORE
Russia volume 11 page 106
Saint Petersburg volume 12 page 17
tsar volume 13 page 103
petiole (botany)
leaf volume 7 page 118
Petipa, Marius (French-Russian dancer
and choreographer)
ballet volume 2 page 14
dance volume 4 page 13
Petra (ancient city in Jordan) picture,
volume 7 page 34
Petrarch, Francesco (Italian poet)
Renaissance volume 11 page 45
petroglyph (rock carving)
Hohokam rock carvings picture, volume
6 page 69
Ute rock carvings picture, volume 14
page 46
Petrograd (city in Russia): see in index
Saint Petersburg
petrol engine: see in index gasoline
engine
petroleum (fossil fuel)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 67
MORE TO EXPLORE
acid rain volume 1 page 18
automobile volume 1 page 237
delta volume 4 page 34
energy picture, volume 4 page 139
fibers volume 5 page 17
polyester cloth picture, volume 13
page 28
fossil fuel volume 5 page 55
geographical reserves
Africa
Gabon volume 5 page 78
Libya volume 7 page 144
Luanda volume 7 page 183
Malabo volume 8 page 24
Mauritania volume 8 page 79, volume
9 page 100
Nigeria volume 9 page 69
Sao Tome and Principe volume 12
page 36
Sudan volume 12 page 200
Tunisia volume 13 page 109
Asia
Baku volume 2 page 10
Kazakhstan volume 7 page 52
Malaysia volume 8 page 28
Myanmar volume 8 page 221
Pakistan volume 10 page 14
Turkmenistan volume 13 page 115
Uzbekistan volume 14 page 47
Vietnam volume 14 page 85
Central America andWest Indies
Trinidad and Tobago volume 13
page 97
Eurasia
Turkey volume 13 page 112
Europe
North Sea volume 9 page 92, picture,
volume 9 page 93
Norway volume 9 page 98
Romania volume 11 page 85
Russia volume 11 page 105
Ukraine volume 14 page 7
United Kingdom volume 12
page 52, volume 14 page 18
Middle East volume 8 page 124
Kuwait volume 7 page 91, volume 7
page 92
Manama volume 8 page 39
Oman volume 9 page 136
Qatar volume 4 page 64, volume 11
page 4
Red Sea volume 11 page 37
Riyadh volume 11 page 69
Saudi Arabia volume 12 page 45
Syria volume 12 page 224
United Arab Emirates volume 14
page 15
North America
Colorado volume 3 page 157
Mexico volume 8 page 111, volume 8
page 113
Oklahoma City volume 9 page 131
Rocky Mountains volume 11
page 79
Pacific Ocean
Australia volume 14 page 78
Papua New Guinea volume 10
page 29
Western Australia volume 15 page 31
South America
Colombia volume 3 page 153
Peru volume 10 page 65
Suriname volume 12 page 208
Tierra del Fuego volume 13 page 65
Venezuela volume 14 page 64
natural gas volume 5 page 91
OPEC volume 9 page 150
tanker picture, volume 10 page 68
technology and invention volume 13
page 27
Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organization
of the (multinational organization):
see in index OPEC
petroleum refinery
petroleum volume 10 page 68
plant in Saudi Arabia picture, volume 8
page 124
Petronas Twin Towers (buildings in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) picture, volume
7 page 88
four of the worlds tallest buildings picture,
volume 12 page 104
pew (furniture)
church volume 3 page 117
Phaedrus (Roman writer)
Aesop volume 1 page 35
Phalaenopsis (plant genus): see in index
moth orchid
phalanx (bone)
arm picture, volume 1 page 182
Phanerozoic eon (time period)
geology volume 5 page 97
pharaoh (Egyptian king title)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 68, picture,
volume 10 page 69
MORE TO EXPLORE
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 114
pharmacy (physiology)
drug volume 4 page 78
Pharos of Alexandria (ancient lighthouse
in Alexandria, Egypt): see in index
Lighthouse of Alexandria
pharynx (anatomy)
human digestive system picture, volume
4 page 47
respiratory system volume 11 page 54
tonsillitis picture, volume 13 page 81
phase (astronomy)
Moon volume 8 page 179
pheromone (type of hormone)
hormone volume 6 page 84
Philadelphia (city in Pennsylvania, U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 69
MORE TO EXPLORE
American Revolution volume 1 page 99
Franklin volume 5 page 63
196 Peter the Great BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Independence Hall picture, volume 10
page 70
Liberty Bell picture, volume 7 page 141
philately (hobby): see in index stamp collecting
Philip II (king of Macedonia)
Alexander the Great volume 1 page 73
ancient Greece volume 5 page 156
Philip II (king of Spain and Portugal)
Drake volume 4 page 71
Elizabeth I volume 4 page 126
Philip IV (king of Spain and Portugal)
Velazquez volume 14 page 61
Philip, duke of Edinburgh (British
prince)
Elizabeth II volume 4 page 126
Philippines (island country of southeast
Asia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 71
MORE TO EXPLORE
geography
Asia volume 1 page 200
Manila picture, volume 8 page 43
Mount Mayon picture, volume 10
page 72
rice field picture, volume 10 page 72
history
Spanish-AmericanWar volume 12
page 157
Taft volume 13 page 4
WorldWar II volume 15 page 69
Phillip, Arthur (British admiral)
Australia volume 1 page 231
Phillips, Sam (U.S. record producer)
Presley volume 10 page 147
philosophy
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 73, picture,
volume 10 page 73
MORE TO EXPLORE
Enlightenment volume 4 page 143
phloem (plant tissue)
bark volume 2 page 28
Phnom Penh (capital city of Cambodia)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 73, picture,
volume 10 page 74
MORE TO EXPLORE
Cambodia volume 3 page 17
phobia (psychology)
mental illness volume 8 page 100
Phobos (satellite of Mars)
Mars volume 8 page 58
Phoenicia (historical region in the
Middle East)
Phoenician ship picture, volume 10
page 74
Phoenicians volume 10 page 74
Phoenician (people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 74
MORE TO EXPLORE
alphabet volume 1 page 88
Carthage volume 3 page 47
empire volume 4 page 131
Lisbon volume 7 page 159
Tripoli volume 13 page 98
Tunis volume 13 page 108
Tunisia volume 13 page 110
Phoenix (state capital of Arizona, U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 75
MORE TO EXPLORE
Arizona volume 1 page 178
telecommunication antennas picture,
volume 13 page 34
Tonto National Forest picture, volume
10 page 75
Phoenix (mythological bird)
legendary animals volume 1 page 129
phone (communication device): see in
index telephone
phonograph (sound-reproduction
device)
1877 Edison phonograph picture, volume
12 page 135
Edison volume 4 page 105
Edison and his tinfoil phonograph picture,
volume 4 page 105
sound recording volume 12 page 136
phosphate (chemical compound)
Nauru volume 9 page 22
photograph (picture)
movie volume 8 page 197
photographer
newspaper volume 9 page 54
photographic film: see in index film
photography
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 76, picture,
volume 10 page 76, picture, volume 10
page 77
MORE TO EXPLORE
Adams volume 1 page 21
solar flare picture, volume 12 page 203
photosynthesis (biological process in
plants)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 78, picture,
volume 10 page 78
MORE TO EXPLORE
air volume 1 page 51
algae volume 1 page 77
enzyme volume 4 page 144
forest volume 5 page 54
leaf volume 7 page 118
light volume 7 page 149
plankton volume 10 page 94
plant volume 10 page 95
rain forest volume 11 page 25
physical anthropology (science)
anthropology volume 1 page 141
physical geography (science)
geography volume 5 page 96
physical property
matter volume 8 page 78
physical sciences
science volume 12 page 49
physician (medical worker): see in index
doctor
physics (science)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 78
MORE TO EXPLORE
electric spark generator picture, volume
10 page 79
Newton volume 9 page 55
physiographic map: see in index topographic
map
physiology (biology): see in index cardiovascular
system; circulatory system;
digestive system; endocrine system;
enzyme; excretion; immune system;
lymphatic system; nervous system;
reproductive system; respiratory system;
skeletal system; urinary system
phytoplankton (biology)
ocean volume 9 page 118
plankton volume 10 page 94
piano (musical instrument)
keyboard instruments picture, volume 8
page 217
musical instruments volume 8 page 217
Piano Lesson, The (play byWilson)
performance picture, volume 4 page 74
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Piano Lesson, The 197
Piast dynasty (Polish ruling family)
Poland volume 10 page 108
Picasso, Pablo (Spanish artist)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 79
MORE TO EXPLORE
painting volume 10 page 11
steel sculpture picture, volume 10
page 79
Piccard, Auguste (Swiss-Belgian physicist)
bathyscaphe picture, volume 4 page 174
Piccard, Bertrand (Swiss balloonist)
balloon volume 2 page 16
Piccard, Jacques (Swiss oceanic engineer)
bathyscaphe picture, volume 4 page 174
exploration volume 4 page 174
Pichincha (volcano in Ecuador)
Quito volume 11 page 11
pickling (food preservation process)
vinegar volume 14 page 92
Pickwick Papers, The (work by Dickens)
Dickens volume 4 page 45
pictography (communication): see in
index picture writing
picture book (type of book)
literature for children volume 7
page 163
picture writing (communication)
alphabet volume 1 page 88
writing volume 15 page 77
pidgin language
language volume 7 page 105
pie chart (diagram): see in index circle
graph
Pied Piper of Hamelin (German legend)
picture, volume 5 page 162
Piegan (North American people)
Blackfoot volume 2 page 85
pie graph (diagram): see in index circle
graph
pieplant (plant and food): see in index
rhubarb
Pierce, Barbara (first lady of the U.S.):
see in index Bush, Barbara
Pierce, Franklin (president of the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 80, picture,
volume 10 page 80
MORE TO EXPLORE
Davis volume 4 page 19
timeline volume 10 page 80
Pierre (state capital of South Dakota,
U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 82
MORE TO EXPLORE
South Dakota volume 12 page 149
State Capitol picture, volume 10 page 82
Pieta (sculpture by Michelangelo) picture,
volume 8 page 115
Michelangelo volume 8 page 115
pig (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 82, picture,
volume 10 page 82, picture, volume 10
page 83
MORE TO EXPLORE
piglets picture, volume 9 page 99
vertebrate embryo development picture,
volume 5 page 109
pigeon (bird)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 83
pigment (chemistry)
color volume 3 page 156, picture, volume
3 page 156
Pigs Eye (frontier settlement, Minnesota,
U.S.): see in index Saint Paul
pile (textiles)
rug and carpet volume 11 page 101
pilgrim (religion): see in index pilgrimage
pilgrimage (religious practice)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 84
MORE TO EXPLORE
Hinduism volume 6 page 57
ritual bathing picture, volume 10
page 85
Islam volume 6 page 164
Mecca volume 8 page 90
Haram Mosque, al- picture, volume
8 page 91
Pilgrim Fathers (U.S. history)
Massachusetts volume 8 page 72
Massasoit volume 8 page 75, picture,
volume 1 page 105
Mayflower volume 8 page 83
Plymouth Colony volume 10 page 102
landing at Plymouth Rock picture,
volume 10 page 102
Puritans volume 10 page 169
Squanto volume 12 page 170
Thanksgiving volume 13 page 56
Wampanoag volume 15 page 7
Pilgrims (U.S. history): see in index Pilgrim
Fathers
pillars of Islam (religion): see in index
Islam, five pillars of
piloting (navigational technique)
navigation volume 9 page 23
Pima (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 85, picture,
volume 10 page 86
pimple (skin lesion)
acne volume 1 page 18, picture, volume 1
page 19
pin (wrestling): see in index fall
pina cloth (fabric)
pineapple volume 10 page 87
Pinatubo, Mount (volcano in the Philippines)
volcano volume 14 page 102
pinching bug (insect): see in index stag
beetle
pine (tree)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 86, picture,
volume 10 page 86
pineapple (plant and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 87, picture,
volume 10 page 87
Pine Tree State (state in the U.S.): see in
index Maine
pink fairy armadillo (mammal)
armadillo volume 1 page 183
pink salmon (fish)
salmon volume 12 page 22
Pinnacles Desert (desert in state ofWestern
Australia, Australia)
limestone formations picture, volume 15
page 30
Pinochet, Augusto (president of Chile)
picture, volume 4 page 46
Chile volume 3 page 99
Pinta (ship)
Columbus volume 3 page 163
198 Piast dynasty BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
pioneer life (U.S. history)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 88, picture,
volume 10 page 88
pipe organ (musical instrument)
keyboard instruments picture, volume 8
page 217
Pipil (Native American people)
El Salvador volume 4 page 129
Pippin III (king of the Franks)
Charlemagne volume 3 page 81
piracy (maritime law)
pirate volume 10 page 89
pirate (maritime law)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 88
MORE TO EXPLORE
Blackbeard picture, volume 10 page 89
Nassau volume 9 page 12
Rabat volume 11 page 13
Pisces (astronomy)
constellation volume 3 page 188
zodiac signs picture, volume 15 page 107
Pissarro, Camille (French artist)
painting volume 10 page 10
The Wheelbarrow, Orchard picture,
volume 10 page 10
pistil (botany)
flower volume 5 page 38
images
parts of a flower picture, volume 5
page 38
self-pollination picture, volume 10
page 116
piston (engine component)
internal-combustion engine volume 6
page 141, picture, volume 6 page 140
piston engine (motor): see in index reciprocating
engine
pit (animal organ)
rattlesnake volume 11 page 29
pit (botany)
plum volume 10 page 101
pitch (cricket)
cricket volume 3 page 214, picture, volume
3 page 214
pitch (sound)
music volume 8 page 213
sound volume 12 page 135, picture, volume
12 page 135
pitcher (sports)
baseball volume 2 page 31
softball picture, volume 12 page 124
Pitcher, Molly (U.S. patriot)
battle of Monmouth picture, volume 1
page 102
pitcher plant (insectivorous plant)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 90, picture,
volume 10 page 90
MORE TO EXPLORE
ecologist studying pitcher plants picture,
volume 4 page 99
pitchers mound (part of baseball field)
baseball field picture, volume 2 page 31
pitching rubber (part of baseball field):
see in index rubber
Pittsburgh (city in Pennsylvania, U.S.)
picture, volume 10 page 57
glass volume 5 page 119
radio volume 11 page 19
pituitary gland (anatomy) picture, volume
4 page 136
endocrine system volume 4 page 135,
picture, volume 4 page 135
pit viper (snake)
viper volume 14 page 93
Piute (Native American people): see in
index Paiute
Pizarro, Francisco (Spanish explorer)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 90, picture,
volume 10 page 91
MORE TO EXPLORE
conquistador volume 3 page 186
exploration of the Americas volume 1
page 104, picture, volume 1 page 104
Lima volume 7 page 152
Peru volume 10 page 65
Inca volume 6 page 121
placenta (human and animal reproductive
organ)
gestation volume 5 page 108
reproductive system volume 11 page 49
placental (mammal)
gestation volume 5 page 109
plague (disease)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 91
MORE TO EXPLORE
doctor visiting a patient infected with
the plague picture, volume 10 page 91
epidemic volume 4 page 146
Plains Cree (Native American people)
Cree people volume 3 page 212
Plains Indians (Native American
peoples)
Coeur dAlene volume 3 page 149
Native Americans volume 9 page 17
plaintiff (law)
law volume 7 page 117
plane (aircraft): see in index airplane
plane mirror (reflective surface)
mirror volume 8 page 139
planet
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 92, picture,
volume 10 page 93
MORE TO EXPLORE
Earth picture, volume 4 page 90
globe picture, volume 8 page 49
gravity volume 5 page 144
Jupiter picture, volume 7 page 41
Mars picture, volume 8 page 58
Saturn picture, volume 12 page 42
solar system volume 12 page 127
Venus picture, volume 14 page 66
Voyager 2 picture, volume 14 page 39
planetary wind
wind volume 15 page 48
planetoid (astronomy): see in index asteroid
planigale (mammal)
marsupial volume 8 page 63
plankton (marine biology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 94
plant (life form)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 94
MORE TO EXPLORE
acid rain damage picture, volume 1
page 18
adaptation volume 1 page 26
agriculture volume 1 page 48
biome volume 2 page 73
cell picture, volume 3 page 67
conifer picture, volume 10 page 95
endangered species volume 4 page 133
enzyme volume 4 page 144
food chain volume 5 page 45
growth from seed picture, volume 10
page 96
hormone volume 6 page 84
living thing volume 7 page 169
classification picture, volume 7
page 168
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA plant 199
parasite volume 10 page 33
photosynthesis picture, volume 10
page 78
rain forest volume 11 page 24, picture,
volume 11 page 24
root volume 11 page 96
species on earth picture, volume 7
page 167
Plantagenet, Henry (king of England):
see in index Henry II
plantain (plant)
banana volume 2 page 19
plantation (agriculture)
Louisiana volume 7 page 181
trees line plantation road picture, volume
7 page 181
Mississippi volume 8 page 142
Puerto Rico volume 10 page 165
slavery volume 12 page 106
plant peony (plant)
peony volume 10 page 58
planula (zoology)
coral volume 3 page 197
plaque (dental)
dentistry volume 4 page 38
teeth volume 13 page 31
plasma (blood component)
blood volume 2 page 92, picture, volume
2 page 92
plasma display (electronics)
television volume 13 page 41, picture,
volume 13 page 40
Plasmodium (protozoan genus)
parasite volume 10 page 33
plastic (chemical compound)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 97
plate (geology)
earthquake volume 4 page 91
mountain volume 8 page 195
plate tectonics volume 10 page 98
ring of fire volume 11 page 66
volcano volume 14 page 100
plate (printing)
book and bookmaking volume 2
page 109, picture, volume 2 page 109
printing volume 10 page 152
plate armor (protective clothing)
armor volume 1 page 186
plateau (landform)
Arabian Desert picture, volume 1
page 157
EDIBLE ROOTS
Beet
Carrot
Potato
Sweet Potato
FLOWERS
Carnation
Daisy
Dandelion
Flower
Fuchsia
Geranium
Iris
Marigold
Nightshade
Orchid
Peony
Poppy
Rose
Sunflower
Thistle
Tulip
Violet
Water Lily
FRUITS
Apple
Apricot
Avocado
Banana
Berry
Blueberry
Cherry
Citrus Fruit
Cranberry
Date
Fig
Fruit
Grape
Grapefruit
Lemon
Lime
Mango
Melon
Olive
Orange
Papaya
Peach
Pear
Pineapple
Plum
Raspberry
Strawberry
Tomato
GRASSES
Bamboo
Barley
Corn
Grain
Grass
Millet
Rice
Rye
Sorghum
Wheat
LEGUMES
Bean
Legume
Pea
Peanut
TREES
Ash
Aspen
Birch
Cedar
Chestnut
Conifer
Cork
Cypress
Elm
Eucalyptus
Fir
Giant Sequoia
Gingko
Hawthorn
Hemlock
Hickory
Holly
Juniper
Larch
Laurel
Magnolia
Mahogany
Mangrove
Maple
Oak
Palm
Pine
Poplar
Redwood
Rhododendron
Sycamore
Tree
Willow
Yew
VEGETABLES
Asparagus
Cucumber
Garlic
Gourd
Lettuce
Onion
Pepper
Pumpkin
Rhubarb
Spinach
Squash
Vegetable
OTHER PLANTS
Almond
Cactus
Cotton
Fern
Heather
Ivy
Moss
Mustard
Pitcher Plant
Shamrock
Tea
Venus's-flytrap
OTHER PLANT TOPICS
Adaptation
Bark
Botany
Chocolate
Ecosystem
Fiber
Food Chain
Forest
Garden
Habitat
Herb
Leaf
Mimicry
Nut
Photosynthesis
Pollen
Rain Forest
Root
Seed
Spice
Sugar
Vanilla
For more about plants, look for these articles:
200 Plantagenet, Henry BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Plateau Indian (Native American people)
Native Americans volume 9 page 18
plate boundary (geology)
plate tectonics volume 10 page 98
platelet (blood cell)
blood volume 2 page 92, picture, volume
2 page 92
Plateosaurus (dinosaur)
dinosaurs in scale picture, volume 4
page 53
plate tectonics (geology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 98
MORE TO EXPLORE
continent volume 3 page 191
mountain volume 8 page 195
platform mound (anthropology)
mound builders volume 8 page 195
platform stage (theater): see in index
thrust stage
Plato (ancient Greek philosopher)
painting by Raphael picture, volume 10
page 73
Platte River (river in Nebraska, U.S.)
crane migration picture, volume 9
page 29
Nebraska volume 9 page 28
platypus (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 99, picture,
volume 10 page 100
play (behavior)
child development volume 3 page 97,
picture, volume 3 page 97
play (literature and theater): see in index
drama
playwright (theater and literature)
theater volume 13 page 57
Plaza de Mayo (square in Buenos Aires,
Argentina): see in index Mayo, Plaza de
pleasure vessel: see in index cruise ship
plebeian (common people of ancient
Rome)
ancient Rome volume 11 page 89
Plimpton, James (U.S. inventor)
roller skating volume 11 page 81
PLO (Palestinian political organization):
see in index Palestine Liberation Organization
Ploceidae (bird family): see in index Old
World sparrow
plot (literature and theater)
drama volume 4 page 72
plough (farming tool): see in index plow
plow (farming tool)
Deere volume 4 page 27
steel plow picture, volume 4
page 27
plum (tree and fruit)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 100, picture,
volume 10 page 100
Pluto (Greek and Roman mythology): see
in index Hades
Pluto (dwarf planet)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 101, picture,
volume 10 page 101
MORE TO EXPLORE
planets volume 10 page 92, picture, volume
10 page 93
solar system volume 12 page 128, picture,
volume 12 page 127
Pluton (Greek god): see in index Hades
pluton (astronomy): see in index dwarf
planet
Plymouth (city in Massachusetts, U.S.)
Massasoit volume 8 page 75
Plymouth Colony volume 10 page 102
Plymouth Colony (English settlement in
New England)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 102, picture,
volume 10 page 102
MORE TO EXPLORE
Massachusetts volume 8 page 72
Mayflower volume 8 page 83
Squanto volume 12 page 170
Thanksgiving volume 13 page 56
Plymouth Rock (U.S. history)
landing of the Pilgrims picture, volume
10 page 102
PM (time): see in index post meridiem
pneumonia (disease)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 103, picture,
volume 10 page 103
MORE TO EXPLORE
cough volume 3 page 207
lung volume 7 page 184
pneumonic plague (disease)
plague volume 10 page 92
poaching (illegal hunting)
pet volume 10 page 66
Pocahontas (Powhatan princess)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 103, picture,
volume 10 page 104
MORE TO EXPLORE
Jamestown volume 7 page 11
pod (plant reproductive body)
bean volume 2 page 41
pea picture, volume 7 page 125, picture,
volume 10 page 42
Podgorica (capital city of Montenegro)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 104
MORE TO EXPLORE
Montenegro volume 8 page 175
podium (zoology): see in index tube foot
Poems on Various Subjects, Religious
and Moral (book by Wheatley)
Wheatley volume 15 page 40
poet: see in index poetry
poetry (literature)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 105
MORE TO EXPLORE
literature volume 7 page 160
point (mathematics)
geometry volume 5 page 98
pointillism (art)
painting volume 10 page 10
poison (physiology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 106, picture,
volume 10 page 106
MORE TO EXPLORE
scorpion volume 12 page 51
poison hemlock (plant)
hemlock volume 6 page 38
poison ivy (plant)
poison volume 10 page 106
poison spur (platypus anatomy)
platypus volume 10 page 99
Pokanoket (Native American people): see
in indexWampanoag
Poland (country in Europe)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 107
MORE TO EXPLORE
coal industry picture, volume 3 page 144
history
Lithuania volume 7 page 165
Prussia volume 10 page 161
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Poland 201
Soviet Union volume 14 page 13
timeline volume 10 page 107
Ukraine volume 14 page 7
WorldWar II volume 15 page 66
people and culture
children in traditional clothing picture,
volume 10 page 108
Roman Catholic monastery picture,
volume 10 page 108
Solidarity demonstration picture, volume
7 page 98
Warsaw picture, volume 15 page 14
polar bear (mammal) picture, volume 2
page 42
bear volume 2 page 41
polar bear mother with cubs picture,
volume 8 page 35
polar bear on Hudson Bay ice picture,
volume 8 page 45
polar climate
climate volume 3 page 138
polar exploration
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 110
MORE TO EXPLORE
Henson and Peary at the North Pole
picture, volume 10 page 110
use of sleds for supplies picture, volume
10 page 111
Polaroid Land camera
photography volume 10 page 77
polder (reclaimed land)
Netherlands volume 9 page 38
pole, magnetic (physics): see in index
magnetic pole
polecat (mammal): see in index skunk
pole vault (athletics) picture, volume 13
page 86
track and field volume 13 page 86, picture,
volume 13 page 85
police
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 111, picture,
volume 10 page 112, picture, volume
10 page 112
MORE TO EXPLORE
Coolidge volume 3 page 195
policy (government)
United States government volume 14
page 34
polio (disease)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 113
MORE TO EXPLORE
child wearing a leg brace picture, volume
10 page 113
nervous system volume 9 page 36
Roosevelt volume 11 page 92
Rudolph volume 11 page 100
Salk volume 12 page 21, picture, volume
12 page 21
political asylum (law): see in index asylum
political campaign (politics): see in index
campaign
political cartoon
cartoon volume 3 page 50
political map (cartography)
geography volume 5 page 97
map and globe volume 8 page 49
political party
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 114, picture,
volume 10 page 114
MORE TO EXPLORE
government volume 5 page 131
United States electoral college volume 4
page 119
political system: see in index communism;
fascism; government; socialism
politics: see in index political system
Polk, James K. (president of the U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 114, picture,
volume 10 page 115
MORE TO EXPLORE
timeline volume 10 page 114
pollen (botany)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 116
MORE TO EXPLORE
bee volume 2 page 46
butterfly and moth volume 2 page 158
flower volume 5 page 38
images
cross-pollination picture, volume 10
page 117
self-pollination picture, volume 10
page 116
insects volume 6 page 140
pollex (anatomy): see in index thumb
pollination
bee volume 2 page 46
flower volume 5 page 38
pollen volume 10 page 116
polling place (election)
voting volume 14 page 105
Pollock, Jackson (U.S. artist)
painting volume 10 page 11
pollution (environment)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 117
MORE TO EXPLORE
acid rain volume 1 page 18
coal volume 3 page 145
dew volume 4 page 42
human disease volume 4 page 57
oceans and seas volume 9 page 118
Pacific Ocean volume 10 page 5
pollywog (animal stage): see in index tadpole
Polo, Marco (Italian explorer)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 119
MORE TO EXPLORE
exploration volume 4 page 174
Pol Pot (Cambodian political leader)
Cambodia volume 3 page 18
Poltoratsk (capital city of Turkmenistan):
see in index Ashgabat
polyester cloth (artificial fiber)
production picture, volume 13 page 28
polygamy (marriage)
Mormons volume 8 page 182
Utah volume 14 page 45
polygon (mathematics)
geometry volume 5 page 98
Polynesia (region, Oceania)
Oceania volume 9 page 120
Polynesian (people)
Hawaii volume 6 page 27
mythology volume 8 page 223
Samoa volume 12 page 24
polyp (zoology)
coral volume 3 page 197
Polyporaceae (fungus family): see in
index bracket fungus
Pomeranian (breed of dog)
toy dogs table, volume 4 page 62
pommel horse (gymnastics)
gymnastics volume 5 page 174, picture,
volume 5 page 175
Pomo (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 120, picture,
volume 10 page 120
202 polar bear BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pompeii (ancient city in Italy)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 120, picture,
volume 10 page 121
MORE TO EXPLORE
Mount Vesuvius volume 14 page 73,
picture, volume 14 page 73
Pompey (Roman statesman): see in index
Pompey the Great
Pompeys Pillar (monument in Alexandria,
Egypt) picture, volume 1 page 75
Pompey the Great (Roman statesman)
Caesar volume 3 page 8
Ponca (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 121
MORE TO EXPLORE
Osage volume 9 page 152
Standing Bear, Ponca chief picture, volume
10 page 122
Ponce de Leon, Juan (Spanish explorer)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 122, picture,
volume 10 page 122
MORE TO EXPLORE
United States
Florida volume 5 page 35
Saint Augustine volume 12 page 10
Puerto Rico
San Juan volume 12 page 28
Pongal (Hindu festival) picture, volume 6
page 125
Pont du Gard (Roman aqueduct bridge
in southern France) picture, volume 2
page 131
Pontiac (Ottawa chief )
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 123, picture,
volume 10 page 123
PontiacsWar (North American history)
Pontiac volume 10 page 123
pony (small horse) picture, volume 6
page 86
horse volume 6 page 86
Pony Express (U.S. history)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 123
MORE TO EXPLORE
postal service volume 10 page 137
poodle (breed of dog)
non-sporting dogs table, volume 4
page 62
pooja (Hinduism): see in index puja
poojah (Hinduism): see in index puja
Poor Richards (U.S. almanac)
Franklin volume 5 page 63
pop art (artistic style)
painting volume 10 page 12
Warhol volume 15 page 11
pope (Roman Catholicism)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 125, picture,
volume 10 page 125
MORE TO EXPLORE
Italy volume 6 page 173
Rome volume 11 page 87
Roman Catholicism volume 11
page 82
Vatican City volume 14 page 59
Pope (Tewa Pueblo leader)
Pueblo Indians volume 10
page 164
poplar (tree)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 126, picture,
volume 10 page 126
pop music: see in index popular music
poppy (plant and flower)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 126
MORE TO EXPLORE
California poppies picture, volume 10
page 126
poppy seed (spice)
poppy volume 10 page 127
Popular Movement for the Liberation
of Angola (political organization in
Angola)
Angola volume 1 page 123
popular music
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 127, picture,
volume 10 page 127
MORE TO EXPLORE
folk music volume 5 page 41
music volume 8 page 214
popular vote (elections)
electoral college volume 4 page 119
population (human)
extinct animals volume 1 page 126
Tokyo picture, volume 3 page 124
population census: see in index census
Poquelin, Jean-Baptiste (French playwright):
see in index Moliere
porcelain (ceramics)
porcelain vases picture, volume 10
page 139
pottery volume 10 page 139
porcupine (rodent)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 128, picture,
volume 10 page 128
MORE TO EXPLORE
tail volume 13 page 7
pore (anatomy)
acne volume 1 page 19
Porifera (animal): see in index sponge
porphyria (disease)
George III volume 5 page 100
porpoise (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 129
MORE TO EXPLORE
dolphin volume 4 page 64
harbor porpoise picture, volume 10
page 129
Porro prism (optics)
binocular picture, volume 2 page 72
port (harbor settlement)
harbor volume 6 page 17
port (nautical term)
boat volume 2 page 97, picture, volume 2
page 97
Port Arthur (inlet in Tasmania, Australia)
picture, volume 13 page 20
Port-au-Prince (capital city of Haiti)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 129
MORE TO EXPLORE
Haiti volume 6 page 8
parade picture, volume 10 page 130
portcullis (grate)
castle volume 3 page 52
Portland (city in Maine, U.S.)
Maine volume 8 page 23
Portland (city in Oregon, U.S.) picture,
volume 9 page 148
Port Louis (capital city of Mauritius)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 130, picture,
volume 10 page 130
MORE TO EXPLORE
Mauritius volume 8 page 80
Port Moresby (capital city of Papua New
Guinea)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 131, picture,
volume 10 page 131
MORE TO EXPLORE
Papua New Guinea volume 10 page 29
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Port Moresby 203
Port Nicholson (bay and harbor ofWellington,
New Zealand)
Wellington volume 15 page 28
Port of Spain (capital city of Trinidad
and Tobago)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 131
MORE TO EXPLORE
presidents house picture, volume 10
page 132
Trinidad and Tobago volume 13 page 97
portolan (navigational chart)
Venice and Genoa map, volume 3
page 126
Porto-Novo (capital city of Benin)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 132
MORE TO EXPLORE
Benin volume 2 page 60
Porto Novo (town in Cape Verde) picture,
volume 3 page 33
portrait (art)
painting volume 10 page 7
Warhol volume 15 page 11
Port Stanley (capital of Falkland Islands,
United Kingdom): see in index Stanley
Portugal (country in Europe)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 133
MORE TO EXPLORE
arts
folk dance picture, volume 10
page 134
tile decoration picture, volume 2
page 129
geography
limestone cliffs picture, volume 7
page 153
seacoast picture, volume 10 page 133
history
Africa
Angola volume 1 page 123, volume 7
page 183
Gabon volume 5 page 78
Ghana volume 5 page 111
Guinea volume 5 page 169
Guinea-Bissau volume 2 page 83,
volume 5 page 170
Monomotapa volume 8 page 169
Mozambique volume 8 page 200
Sao Tome and Principe volume 12
page 35, volume 12 page 36
Sierra Leone volume 12 page 85
Wolof Empire volume 15 page 55
Americas
Brazil volume 2 page 127, volume 11
page 67, volume 12 page 35
exploration and settlement volume 1
page 102
Uruguay volume 14 page 43
Asia
Dili volume 4 page 49
East Timor volume 4 page 96
Malaysia volume 8 page 28
Mumbai volume 8 page 204
Gama volume 5 page 83
Muscat volume 8 page 207
Portuguese (people)
Macau volume 8 page 4
Port Vila (capital city of Vanuatu): see in
index Vila
Poseidon (Greek god)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 135, picture,
volume 10 page 135
MORE TO EXPLORE
ancient Greek mosaic picture, volume 5
page 155
Athena volume 1 page 218
Hades volume 6 page 5
position (ballet)
ballet volume 2 page 13, picture, volume
2 page 14
positive ion (chemistry and physics)
atoms volume 1 page 225
positive number (mathematics): see in
index natural number
possum (marsupial): see in index opossum
postage stamp: see in index stamp
postal service
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 136, picture,
volume 10 page 136, picture, volume
10 page 136
MORE TO EXPLORE
Pony Express volume 10 page 123
stamp volume 12 page 177
postal worker
postal service volume 10 page 136
poster (art and advertisement)
Federal Art Project poster picture, volume
9 page 44
war bonds poster picture, volume 13
page 118
postimpressionism (art)
painting volume 10 page 10
postmark
postal service volume 10 page 136
post meridiem (time)
common abbreviations table, volume 1
page 8
postmodernism (art)
architecture volume 1 page 172
post office
postal service volume 10 page 136
postsecondary education: see in index
higher education
Potala Palace (Lhasa, Tibet, China) picture,
volume 13 page 62
potassium (chemical element)
date volume 4 page 18
potato (plant and edible root)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 137, picture,
volume 10 page 137
MORE TO EXPLORE
potato gardening picture, volume 2
page 115
vegetable volume 14 page 61
potato famine (European history)
potato volume 10 page 138
Potawatomi (Native American people)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 138, picture,
volume 10 page 138
potential energy (physics)
energy volume 4 page 137
potlatch (North American Indian custom)
Kwakiutl volume 7 page 92
Nootka volume 9 page 77
Potter, Harry (fictional character)
Rowling volume 11 page 99
potters wheel
clay volume 3 page 133
pottery volume 10 page 139
man in India making pottery picture,
volume 10 page 140
potter wasp (insect) picture, volume 15
page 21
pottery
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 138
MORE TO EXPLORE
clay volume 3 page 133
images
204 Port Nicholson BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Chinese porcelain vases picture, volume
10 page 139
man in India making pottery picture,
volume 10 page 140
Minoan pottery picture, volume 10
page 139
Zuni potter making a pot from clay
picture, volume 15 page 110
pottery wheel (tool): see in index potters
wheel
poultry (agriculture)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 140, picture,
volume 10 page 140
poverty
aging volume 1 page 47
POW (international law): see in index
prisoner of war
powder (cosmetic)
cosmetics volume 3 page 202
Powell, Colin (U.S. statesman and military
officer)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 141, picture,
volume 10 page 141
MORE TO EXPLORE
African Americans volume 1 page 45
power (political and social science)
colony volume 3 page 155
Power, Night of (Islam): see in index
Night of Power
powerboat (watercraft): see in index
motorboat
power plant (generating station)
nuclear energy volume 9 page 105
Powers, Abigail (first lady of the U.S.):
see in index Fillmore, Abigail
powers, separation of (political science
and government)
United States Constitution volume 14
page 32
power station (generating plant): see in
index power plant
power train (construction)
automobile volume 1 page 236
Powhatan (U.S. Indian chief )
Pocahontas volume 10 page 103
Powhatan Confederacy (U.S. Indian
alliance)
Jamestown volume 7 page 11
Virginia volume 14 page 95
Prado, Edgar (U.S. jockey)
2006 Kentucky Derby picture, volume 6
page 87
Prado Museum (museum in Madrid,
Spain)
Madrid volume 8 page 13
Prague (capital city of the Czech Republic)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 141, picture,
volume 3 page 240, picture, volume
10 page 142
MORE TO EXPLORE
Czechoslovakia volume 3 page 238
Czech Republic volume 3 page 239
Prague Castle (castle in Prague, Czech
Republic): see in index Hradcany, castle
of
Praha (capital city of the Czech Republic):
see in index Prague
Praia (capital city of Cape Verde)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 142
MORE TO EXPLORE
Cape Verde volume 3 page 33
prairie (ecological region)
North American grassland picture, volume
5 page 143
United States prairie land picture, volume
14 page 26
Prairie, Gros Ventres of the (Native
American people): see in index Gros
Ventre
Prairie Band (Native American people)
Potawatomi volume 10 page 138
prairie dog (rodent)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 143, picture,
volume 10 page 143
Prairie school (architectural style)
architecture volume 1 page 172
Wright volume 15 page 75
Prairie State (state in the U.S.): see in
index Illinois
Prairie style (architectural style): see in
index Prairie school
prairie wolf (mammal): see in index coyote
prayer
Dalai Lama picture, volume 4 page 7
Praying Indians (North American Indian
group)
Massachuset volume 8 page 70
preadolescence (growth stage): see in
index preteen
Precambrian time (prehistoric time
period)
geology volume 5 page 97
prehistoric life volume 10 page 144,
table, volume 10 page 145
precious stone (mineral): see in index
gemstone
precipitation (weather)
weather volume 15 page 27
preen gland (bird anatomy)
swan volume 12 page 210
pregnancy (physiology)
gestation volume 5 page 109
pregnancy and fetus development picture,
volume 11 page 49, picture, volume
11 page 50
reproductive system volume 11 page 49
rubella volume 11 page 100
prehistoric art
sculpture volume 12 page 56
prehistoric life
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 144
MORE TO EXPLORE
life-forms and time periods table, volume
10 page 145
prehistoric peoples
cave volume 3 page 64
Stone Age volume 12 page 188
premier (government official): see in
index prime minister
premolar (tooth): see in index bicuspid
Presbyterian churches (Christianity)
Protestantism volume 10 page 158
preschool age (growth stage)
child development volume 3 page 97
prescription (physiology)
drug volume 4 page 78
presidency of the United States of
America (U.S. government) table, volume
14 page 30
Bush, GeorgeW. volume 2 page 155
Cleveland volume 3 page 136
Clinton volume 3 page 138
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA presidency of the United States of America 205
electoral college volume 4 page 119
2000 election vote certificate picture,
volume 4 page 119
Ford volume 5 page 51
Hayes volume 6 page 29
Oval Office picture, volume 14 page 34
president (government official)
government volume 5 page 132
republic volume 11 page 53
United States government volume 14
page 34
president of the Senate (U.S. government)
United States government volume 14
page 33
president of the United States of
America (U.S. government): see in
index presidency of the United States of
America
president pro tempore (U.S. government)
United States government volume 14
page 33
Presley, Elvis (U.S. singer)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 146, picture,
volume 10 page 147
MORE TO EXPLORE
rock volume 11 page 78
press, the (communications): see in index
newspaper
press association (journalism): see in
index news service
preteen (growth stage)
child development volume 3 page 97
Pretoria (executive capital city of South
Africa)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 147, picture,
volume 10 page 148
MORE TO EXPLORE
South Africa volume 12 page 137
Pretorius, Andries (Boer South African
leader)
Pretoria volume 10 page 148
PRI (political party in Mexico): see in
index Institutional Revolutionary Party
price (economic force)
economics volume 4 page 100
pricing (economic force): see in index
price
prickly pear (cactus) picture, volume 3
page 6
cactus volume 3 page 6
pride (animal behavior)
lion volume 7 page 158
priest (Christianity)
Eastern Orthodox priest picture, volume
8 page 137
Greek Orthodox priests picture, volume
3 page 113
Roman Catholic priest picture, volume
11 page 82
priest (religion)
Zoroastrian priest picture, volume 15
page 109
primary battery (electronics)
battery volume 2 page 40
primary bow (multicolored arc in the
sky)
rainbow volume 11 page 23, picture,
volume 11 page 22
primary color (optics)
color volume 3 page 156
light picture, volume 3 page 155
pigment picture, volume 3 page 156
primary consumer (biology)
food chain volume 5 page 45
primary education: see in index elementary
education
primary hue (optics): see in index primary
color
primary phloem (plant tissue)
root picture, volume 11 page 96
primary rainbow (multicolored arc in
the sky): see in index primary bow
primary school: see in index elementary
education
primary tooth (anatomy)
teeth volume 13 page 30, picture, volume
13 page 31
primary xylem (plant tissue)
root picture, volume 11 page 96
primate (mammal)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 148, picture,
volume 10 page 149
MORE TO EXPLORE
arm volume 1 page 182
hand volume 6 page 12
prime meridian (geography): see in index
Greenwich meridian
prime minister (government official)
government volume 5 page 132
Parliament volume 10 page 37
Prince Edward Island (island province in
Canada)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 150
MORE TO EXPLORE
Confederation Bridge picture, volume
10 page 151
East Point picture, volume 10 page 150
Prince Ruperts Land (historical region
in Canada): see in index Ruperts Land
Adams, John
Adams, John
Quincy
Arthur, Chester
Buchanan,
James
Bush, George
Bush, GeorgeW.
Carter, Jimmy
Cleveland,
Grover
Clinton, Bill
Coolidge,
Calvin
Eisenhower,
Dwight D.
Fillmore,
Millard
Ford, Gerald R.
Garfield,
James A.
Grant,
Ulysses S.
Harding,
Warren G.
Harrison,
Benjamin
Harrison,
William Henry
Hayes,
Rutherford B.
Hoover, Herbert
Jackson, Andrew
Jefferson,
Thomas
Johnson,
Andrew
Johnson,
Lyndon B.
Kennedy,
John F.
Lincoln,
Abraham
Madison, James
McKinley,
William
Monroe, James
Nixon,
Richard M.
Obama, Barack
Pierce, Franklin
Polk, James K.
Reagan,
Ronald W.
Roosevelt,
Franklin D.
Roosevelt,
Theodore
Taft, William
Howard
Taylor, Zachary
Truman,
Harry S.
Tyler, John
Van Buren,
Martin
Washington,
George
Wilson,
Woodrow
For more about U.S. presidents
look for these articles:
206 president BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Princeton, Battle of (U.S.War of Independence):
see in index Trenton and
Princeton, Battles of
Princeton University (university in Princeton,
New Jersey, U.S.)
football volume 5 page 50
Principality of Liechtenstein (country in
Europe): see in index Liechtenstein
printing (publishing)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 152, picture,
volume 10 page 152, picture, volume
10 page 152
MORE TO EXPLORE
Gutenberg volume 5 page 172
Gutenberg Bible picture, volume 5
page 172
Middle Ages volume 8 page 123
printing plate (printing): see in index
plate
printing press (publishing)
advertising volume 1 page 32
book and bookmaking volume 2
page 109
Gutenberg volume 5 page 172
literature volume 7 page 162
newspaper volume 9 page 55, picture,
volume 10 page 152
printing volume 10 page 153
Renaissance volume 11 page 45
technology and invention volume 13
page 26
writing volume 15 page 77
prion (infectious protein agent)
animal disease volume 4 page 55
prism (optics)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 153, picture,
volume 10 page 153
MORE TO EXPLORE
binoculars volume 2 page 72, picture,
volume 2 page 72
color volume 3 page 156
light volume 7 page 148
Newton volume 9 page 56, picture, volume
9 page 55
prison
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 154, picture,
volume 10 page 154
MORE TO EXPLORE
prison fence and towers picture, volume
3 page 216
prison colony: see in index penal colony
prisoner of war (international law)
ocean liner picture, volume 13 page 93
prison reform
prison volume 10 page 154
Pristina (capital city of Kosovo)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 155
private (military rank)
army volume 1 page 189
private enterprise economy (economic
system): see in index capitalism
privateer (ship)
pirate volume 10 page 89
prizefighting (sport): see in index boxing
proboscis (anatomy)
mosquito volume 8 page 189
Process of National Reorganization
(Argentine history): see in index Dirty
War
proconsul (ancient Roman official)
ancient Rome volume 11 page 90
Procyon lotor (mammal): see in index
North American raccoon
producer (biology)
ecosystem volume 4 page 101
food chain volume 5 page 45
producing (theater and movies)
movie volume 8 page 198
theater volume 13 page 57
product (things of economic utility): see
in index goods
production (economic process)
economics volume 4 page 100
production design: see in index set design
production line (industry): see in index
assembly line
professional sports
sports volume 12 page 168
Profiles in Courage (work by
Kennedy)
Kennedy volume 7 page 54
profit (economic reward)
economics volume 4 page 100
program, computer: see in index computer
program
programming: see in index computer
program
programming language: see in index
computer programming language
progressive muscular dystrophy (muscle
disease): see in index muscular dystrophy
Progressive Party (U.S. political party,
1912)
Roosevelt volume 11 page 95
Taft volume 13 page 5
proletariat (social class)
communism volume 3 page 168
Prometheus (Greek god)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 155, picture,
volume 10 page 156
MORE TO EXPLORE
Pandora volume 10 page 26
Titans volume 13 page 71
proof (law): see in index evidence
propeller (vehicle part)
ship volume 12 page 82
property master (theater)
theater volume 13 page 58
property tax
tax volume 13 page 21
Prophets (biblical text)
Bible volume 2 page 67
Propontis (inland sea in Turkey): see in
index Marmara, Sea of
propulsion (physics): see in index thrust
propulsive force (physics): see in index
thrust
proscenium stage (theater)
theater volume 13 page 57
prose (literature)
literature volume 7 page 160
prostate gland (anatomy)
human reproductive system picture,
volume 11 page 47
protectionism (economics): see in index
trade limit
protection system: see in index security
and protection system
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA protection system 207
protective coloration (biology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 156
MORE TO EXPLORE
chameleon volume 3 page 80
insect volume 6 page 139
lizard volume 7 page 170
toad picture, volume 10 page 157
protein (biochemistry)
bean volume 2 page 40
DNA volume 4 page 60
food and nutrition volume 5 page 43
Protestantism (Christianity)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 157
MORE TO EXPLORE
beliefs and practices
Bible volume 2 page 67
church volume 3 page 117, picture,
volume 3 page 113
female ministers picture, volume 10
page 157
Christianity volume 3 page 112
Europe volume 4 page 162
history
Calvin volume 3 page 16, picture, volume
3 page 16
Elizabeth I volume 4 page 125
France volume 5 page 60
Holy Roman Empire volume 6 page 75
Huguenots volume 6 page 92
Northern Ireland volume 9 page 90
Reformation volume 11 page 38
North America volume 9 page 81
Protestant Reformation (Christianity):
see in index Reformation
protests: see in index demonstrations and
protests
protist (biology)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 158
MORE TO EXPLORE
algae volume 1 page 76
classification picture, volume 7 page 168
living thing volume 7 page 169
prehistoric life volume 10 page 144
slime mold picture, volume 10 page 158
Protoceratops (dinosaur)
dinosaurs in scale picture, volume 4
page 53
protoctist (biology): see in index protist
proton (subatomic particle)
atom volume 1 page 224, picture, volume
1 page 225
electricity volume 4 page 120
protozoan (microorganism)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 159
MORE TO EXPLORE
fossil picture, volume 10 page 159
human disease volume 4 page 56
malaria volume 8 page 25
parasite volume 10 page 33
species on earth picture, volume 7
page 167
Providence (city in Maryland, U.S.): see
in index Annapolis
Providence (state capital of Rhode Island,
U.S.)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 160, picture,
volume 10 page 160
MORE TO EXPLORE
Rhode Island volume 11 page 60
Provisional Irish Republican Army
(Irish military organization): see in index
Irish Republican Army
Prussia (region in Europe)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 161
MORE TO EXPLORE
Frederick the Great volume 5 page 64
Germany volume 5 page 106
Poland volume 10 page 108
Prydain Chronicles (novels by Alexander)
Alexander volume 1 page 74
Przewalskis horse (mammal) picture,
volume 6 page 86
evolution picture, volume 4 page 170
horse volume 6 page 86
Psalms (biblical text)
Bible volume 2 page 67
pseudopod (protozoan cell behavior)
amoeba volume 1 page 108
Psittacosaurus (dinosaur)
dinosaurs in scale picture, volume 4
page 53
mouth structure picture, volume 4
page 51
psychiatric disorder: see in index mental
illness
psychiatry
mental illness volume 8 page 101
psychology (science)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 162, picture,
volume 10 page 162
psychomotor learning (motor development)
child development volume 3 page 97
psychotherapy (psychology)
mental illness volume 8 page 101
psychotic disorder (psychology)
mental illness volume 8 page 100
pterodactyl (prehistoric reptile)
MAIN ARTICLE volume 10 page 163
MORE TO EXPLORE
fossil skeleton picture, volume 10
page 163
Ptolemies (ancient Egyptian rulers)
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 115
Ptolemy I Soter (Macedonian king of
Egypt)
Alexandria volume 1 page 75
ancient Egypt volume 4 page 115
Ptolemy XIII (Macedonian king of
Egypt)
Cleopatra volume 3 page 134
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