Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 4: LES DEMOISELLES DE MODERNISME

1. Kurt Wilhelm, Richard Strauss: An Intimate Portrait, London: Thames & Hudson, 1989, pages 99–100. See also: Michael Kennedy, Richard Strauss: Man, Musician, Enigma, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 142–149, for this and other reactions.

2. See Malcolm Bradbury and James Mcfarlane, (editors), Modernism, Op. cit., pages 97–101.

3. George R. Marek, Richard Strauss, Op. cit., pages 15 and 27.

4. Ibid., page 150.

5. Michael Kennedy, Richard Strauss, London: J. M. Dent, 1976, page 144.

6. Wilhelm, Op. cit., page 100.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid., page 102.

9. Ibid., page 103.

10. Wilhelm, Op. cit., page 120; Kennedy, Richard Strauss: Man, Musician, Enigma, Op. cit., page 152.

11. Wilhelm, Op. cit., pages 120–121.

12. Kennedy, Richard Strauss, Op. cit., page 161.

13. Marek, Op. cit., page 183.

14. Ibid., page 185.

15. Kennedy (1976), Op. cit., page 45. See also: Bryan Gilliam (editor), Richard Strauss and His World, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992, pages 31 Iff, ‘Strauss and the Viennese Critics.’

16. Marek, Op. cit., page 182.

17. Kennedy (1976), Op. cit., page 149.

18. Marek, Op. cit., page 186.

19. Kennedy (1976), Op. cit., page 150.

20. Marek, Op. cit., page 316.

21. Hans H. Stuckenschmidt, Schoenberg: His Life, World and Work, London: John Calder, 1977, page 42.

22. Harold C. Schonberg, The Lives of the Great Composers, London: Davis-Poynter, 1970, page 516.

23. Ibid., page 517.

24. Everdell, The First Moderns, Op. cit., page 275.

25. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 517.

26. Everdell, Op. cit., page 266.

27. Stuckenschmidt, Op. cit., page 88.

28. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 520; see also: Stuckenschmidt, Op. cit., page 141; and Schorske, Op. cit., page 351.

29. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 517.

30. Ibid., page 518.

31. Everdell, Op. cit., page 269; see also: Stuckenschmidt, Op. cit., pages 88 and 123–124.

32. Stuckenschmidt, Op. cit., page 94; see also: Schonberg, Op. cit., page 400.

33. Everdell, Op. cit., page 277.

34. Ibid., page 279.

35. Paul Griffiths, A Concise History of Modern Music, London: Thames & Hudson, 1978, revised 1994, page 26. Everdell, Op. cit., page 278.

36. Schorske, Fin-de-Siècle, Op. cit., page 349.

37. Stuckenschmidt, Op. cit., page 124.

38. Everdell, Op. cit., pages 277–278.

39. Ibid., page 279.

40. Ibid., pages 280–281.

41. Stuckenschmidt, Op. cit., page 124.

42. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 520.

43. Schorske, Op. cit., page 354.

44. Griffiths, Op. cit., page 34.

45. Joan Allen Smith, Schoenberg and his Circle, New York: Macmillan, 1986, page 68.

46. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 521.

47. Griffiths, Op. cit., page 43. Everdell, Op. cit., page 282.

48. Janik and Toulmin, Wittgenstein’s Vienna, Op. cit., page 107.

49. Schorske, Op. cit., page 360.

50. See for example: James R. Mellow, Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and Company, London: Phaidon, 1974, pages 8ff.

51. John Russell, The World of Matisse, Amsterdam: Time-Life, 1989, page 74.

52. Jack Flam, Matisse on Art (revised edition), Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995, page 35.

53. Pierre Cabanne, Pablo Picasso: His Life and Times, New York: William Morrow, 1977, page 110.

54. André Malraux, Picasso’s Mask, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976, pages 10–11.

55. Lael Westenbaker, The World of Picasso, 1881–1973, Amsterdam: Time-Life, 1980, pages 125ff.

56. Robert Hughes, The Shock of the New, Op. cit., page 24.

57. Dora Vallier, ‘Braque, la peinture et nous,’ Paris: Cahiers d’Art, No. 1, 1954, pages 13–14.

58. Ibid., page 14.

59. Hughes, Op. cit., pages 27 and 29.

60. Arianna Stassinopoulos, Picasso: Creator and Destroyer, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988, pages 96–97.

61. ‘Testimony Against Gertrude Stein,’ Transition, February 1935, No. 23, pages 13–14.

62. Everdell, Op. cit., page 311.

63. Ibid., page 314.

64. Ibid., page 313.

65. Peg Weiss, Kandinsky in Munich, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979, pages 58–59.

66. Ibid., pages 5–6.

67. K. Lindsay and P. Vergo (editors), W. Kandinsky: Complete Writings on Art (two vols), New York: G. K. Hall, 1982; reprinted in one volume, 1994, pages 371–372.

68. Weiss, Op. cit., pages 28, 34 and 40.

69. Lindsay and Vergo (editors), Op. cit., page 364, quoted in Everdell, Op. cit., page 307.

70. Quoted in Hughes, Op. cit., page 301.

71. Weiss, Op. cit., page 91.

72. Algot Ruhe and Nancy Margaret Paul, Henri Bergson: An Account of His Life and Philosophy, London: Macmillan, 1914, page 2.

73. Jacques Chevallier, Henri Bergson, London: Ridier, 1928, pages 39–41.

74. Leszek Kolakowski, Bergson, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, page 73.

75. Chevallier, Op. cit., page 60.

76. Philippe Soulez (completed by Frédéric Worms), Bergson: Biographie, Paris: Flammarion, 1997. pages 93–94.

77. New Catholic Encyclopaedia, volume II, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967, page 324.

78. Jacques Chevallier, Bergson, Paris: Plon, 1926.

79. Soulez, Op. cit., pages 132–133.

80. Kolakowski, Op. cit., pages 88–91.

81. Soulez, Op. cit., pages 133–134.

82. Ibid., pages 142–143.

83. Ibid.

84. Ibid., pages 251 ff.

85. New Catholic Encyclopaedia, volume X, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967, page 1048.

86. Ibid., volume IX, pages 991–995.

87. J. G. Frazer, The Golden Bough, London: Macmillan, 1890; revised 1900.

88. René Bazin, Pius X, London: Sands & Co., 1928, pages II ff.

89. The Catholic Encyclopaedia, volume X, London: Caxton, 1911, page 415.

90. Ibid., page 416. For an account of other reactions to Pascendi, see: A. N. Wilson, God’s Funeral, London: John Murray, 1999, pages 349ff.

91. Quotes are from: John King Fairbank, China: A New History, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1994, page 52.

92. Fairbank, Op. cit., page 53.

93. Denis Twitchett and John K. Fairbank, The Cambridge History of China, Volume II, Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Part 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980, pages 361–362; Fairbank, Op. cit., page 218.

94. Fairbank, Op. cit., page 224.

95. O. Edmund Clubb, Twentieth-Century China, New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1964, pages 25ff.

96. Fairbank, Op. cit., page 232.

97. Ibid., page 240.

98. Ibid., page 243.

99. Jerome B. Grieder, Intellectuals and the State in Modem China, New York: Free Press/Macmillan, 1981, pages 35ff; Fairbank, Op. cit., page 243.