Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 36: DOING WELL, AND DOING GOOD

1. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, London: Duckworth, 1978.

2. Ibid., pages 266ff.

3. Ibid., pages 184ff.

4. Ibid., pages 204–205.

5. Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1980, Penguin paperback 1980.

6. Ibid., page 15.

7. Ibid., page 107.

8. Ibid., page 179.

9. Ibid., page 174.

10. Ibid., page 229.

11. Paul Krugman, Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations, New York: W. W Norton, 1994, page 15.

12. Ibid., pages 178ff.

13. Robert Solow, Interview with the author, MIT, 4 December, 1997. Solow’s views first emerged in several articles in the Quarterly Journal of Economics in 1956, and the Review of Economic Statistics, a year later.

14. Krugman, Op. cit., pages 64–65.

15. Ibid., page 197.

16. Robert Solow, Leaming from ‘Learning by Doing’: Lessons for Economic Growth, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1997.

17. Ibid., page 20.

18. Ibid., page 82ff; see also Krugman, Op. cit., pages 200–202.

19. See also: ‘The economics of Qwerty’, chapter 9 of Krugman, Op cit., pages 221ff.

20. Friedman and Friedman, Op cit., pages 19–20.

21. Amartya Sen, On Ethics and Economics, Oxford: Blackwell, 1987, paperback 1988. The Prisoner’s Dilemma is discussed at pages 82ff.

22. Amartya Sen, Poverty and Famines, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1981, paperback 1982.

23. Ibid., pages 57–63.

24. Krugman, Op. cit., chapter 8: ‘In the long run Keynes is still alive’, pages 197ff.

25. Ibid., pages 128, 235 and 282.

26. J. K. Galbraith, The Culture of Contentment, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992.

27. Ibid., page 107.

28. Charles Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1930–1980, London: Basic Books, 1984.

29. Ibid., page 146.

30. Ibid., Part II.

31. Galbraith, Op. cit., page 106.

32. J. K. Galbraith, The Good Society, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.

33. Ibid., page 133, chapter 8–11.

34. Andrew Hacker, Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal, New York: Ballantine, 1992, paperback 1995.

35. Ibid., page 74.

36. Ibid., page 84.

37. Not as influential as Hacker’s, or Murray’s, book, but still worth reading alongside them is: Nicholas Lemann, The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America, New York: Knopf, 1991, Vintage paperback 1992, which looks at the migration patterns of five million African-Americans between 1940 and 1970.

38. Hacker, Op. cit., page 229.

39. In Progress and the Invisible Hand: The Philosophy and Economics of Human Advance, London: Little, Brown, 1998, Richard Bronk attempts a marriage of psychology, economic history, growth theory, complexity theory, and the growth of individualism, to provide a pessimistic vision, a re-run in effect of Daniel Bell’s The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, acknowledging that the forces of capitalism threaten the balance of ‘creative liberty’ and ‘civic duty.’ A symposium on the future of economics, published at the millennium in the Journal of Economic Perspectives, confirmed two directions for the discipline. One, to take greater account of complexity theory (see below, chapter 42); and two, a greater marriage with psychology, in particular the way individuals behave economically in a not-quite rational way. See, for example, The Economist, 4 March 2000, page 112.