Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 7: LADDERS OF BLOOD

1. David Levering Lewis, W. E. B. Du Bois: A Biography of a Race, New York: Holt, 1993, page 392

2. Ibid., pages 387–389.

3. Manning Marable, W. E. B. Du Bois: Black Radical Democrat, Boston: Twayne, 1986, page 98.

4. Lewis, Op. cit., page 393.

5. Marable, Op. cit., pages 52ff.

6. Lewis, Op. cit., page 33.

7. Marable, Op. cit., page 49.

8. Lewis, Op. cit., pages 302–303.

9. Ibid., page 316.

10. Ibid., pages 387ff.

11. Marable, Op. cit., page 73.

12. Lewis, Op. cit., page 404.

13. Ibid., page 406.

14. Marable, Op. cit., page 73.

15. Lewis, Op. cit., page 405.

16. Everdell, The First Moderns, Op. cit., page 209.

17. Ibid., pages 210 and 215–219.

18. Ibid., page 217.

19. Mike Hawkins, Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, Op. cit., pages 239–240.

20. Ibid., pages 229–230.

21. Kenneth M. Ludmerer, Genetics and American Soaety, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972, page 60.

22. Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, Op. cit., pages 752ff.

23. Bruce Wallace, The Search for the Gene, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992, page 56.

24. Mayr, Op. cit., pages 750–751.

25. Wallace, Op. cit., pages 57–58; Mayr, Op. cit., page 748.

26. Peter J. Bowler, The Mendelian Revolution, Op. cit., page 132; Mayr, Op. cit., page 752.

27. Mayr, Op. cit., page 753.

28. T. H. Morgan, A. H. Sturtevant, H. J. Muller and C. B. Bridges, The Mechanism of Mendelian Inheritance, New York: Henry Holt, 1915; see also Bowler, Op. cit., page 134.

29. Bowler, Op. cit., page 144.

30. Melville J. Herskovits, Franz Boas: The Science of Man in the Making, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953, page 17. For Boas’s political views and his dislike of the German political system, see: Douglas Cole, Franz Boas: The Early Years 1858— 1906, Vancouver/Toronto: Douglas & Mclntyre and the University of Washington Press, Washington and London, 1999, pages 278ff.

31. Ludmerer, Op. cit., page 25.

32. Franz Boas, The Mind of Primitive Man, New York: Macmillan, 1911, pages 53fr for context.

33. Ludmerer, Op. cit., page 97.

34. Franz Boas, Op. cit., page 1.

35. Boas, Op. cit., pages 34ff.

36. Ibid., pages 145ff.

37. Ibid., pages 251ff.

38. Ibid., page 278.

39. Bertrand Flornoy, Inca Adventure, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1956, page 195.

40. Hiram Bingham, Lost City of the Incas, London: Phoenix House, 1951, page 100.

41. John Hemming, The Conquest of the Incas, London: Macmillan, 1970; paperback edition 1993, page 243.

42. Bingham, Op. cit., pages 50–52.

43. Hemming, Op. cit., pages 463–464.

44. Ibid., page 464.

45. Bingham, Op. cit., page 141.

46. Flornoy, Op. cit., page 194.

47. Bingham, Op. cit., page 141.

48. Hemming, Op. cit., page 464.

49. Bingham, Op. cit., pages 142–143.

50. Nigel Davies, The Incas, Niwot, Colorado: University of Colorado Press, 1995, page 9.

51. Hemming, Op. cit., page 469.

52. Ibid., page 470.

53. Bingham, Op. cit., page 152. Hemming, Op. cit., page 470.

54. Hemming, Op. cit., page 472

55. David R. Oldroyd, Thinking About the Earth, London: The Athlone Press, 1996, page 250.

56. See map in ibid., page 251.

57. George Gamow, Biography of the Earth, London: Macmillan, 1941, page 133.

58. Oldroyd, Op. cit., page 250.

59. R. Gheyselinck, The Restless Earth, London: The Scientific Book Club, 1939, page 281. See map of geosyncline in Oldroyd, Op. cit., page 257.

60. Oldroyd, Op. cit., pages 144 and 312 for other references.

61. Gamow, Op. cit., pages 2ff.